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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES

Foundation English

TENSES At the end of the session, you understand Types of Tenses Examples of each tenses Comparative Table of Tenses Comparative Study of Present Tense Writing examples in Present Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous Usage of Present tense The concept of time can be split into: The Present - What you are currently doing. I eat, I am eating The Past - What you did some time back. I ate, I was eating The Future - What you will do later. I will eat, I will be eating In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation. The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action. There are four types of tenses. Simple, Continuous, , Perfect and Perfect Continuous and each of these has a present, past and future form. PRESENT TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness. I eat. I sleep. I play. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous. I am eating. I am sleeping. I am playing. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect. I have eaten. I have slept. I have played. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing. I have been eating. I have been sleeping. I have been playing. PAST TENSES

SIMPLE PAST TENSE In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past. I ate. I slept. I played. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past. I was eating. I was sleeping. I was playing. PAST PERFECT TENSE Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past. I had eaten. I had slept. I had played. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past. I had been eating. I had been sleeping. I had been playing. FUTURE TENSES SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future. I will eat. I will sleep. I will play. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment. I will be eating at 9 a.m. I will be sleeping when you arrive. I will be playing at 5 p.m. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future. I will have eaten before 10 a.m. I will have slept before you arrive. I will have played before 6 p.m. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future. I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive. I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TENSES TENSE SIMPLE/ INDEFINITE (s/es/ies) Do/does MV- I form ---PAST MV- II form MV- I form shall/will FUTURE MV- I form MV- ing MV- III form MV- ing form MV- ing form shall be/will be MV- III form shall have/will have MV- ing form shall have been/will have been MV- I form did CONTINUOUS am/is/are MV- ing form was/were PERFECT has/have MV- III form Had PERFECT CONTINUOUS has been/have been MV- ing form had been

PRESENT

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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES

Foundation English

Person/ Pronoun First Second

Singular I --He

Plural We You

Third

She It

They

Graphical Representation of Tenses Types of Pronoun Chart: Pronouns are used to replace a noun. However, they take different forms depending on how they are used in a sentence. This chart outlines the five types of pronouns and the correct forms for each. Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive Persons pronouns pronouns determiners pronouns pronouns 1st person singular I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself 2nd person singular (thou) (thee) (thy) (thine) (thyself) he him his his himself 3rd person singular she her her hers herself it it its -itself 1st person plural We us our ours ourselves 2nd person plural 3rd person plural you they you them your their yours theirs yourselves themselves

Determiners Chart This chart shows which determiners can be used with countable (singular or plural) vs uncountable nouns.
Common nouns Countable nouns Singular nouns **cannot be used without a determiner! a ring the ring this ring that ring one ring my ring your ring John's ring etc. --Plural nouns rings some rings the rings these rings those rings two rings three rings four rings etc. my rings your rings John's rings etc. a lot of rings lots of rings many rings a few rings Uncountable nouns jewelry some jewelry the jewelry this jewelry that jewelry **cannot be used with a number my jewelry your jewelry John's jewelry etc. a lot of jewelry lots of jewelry much jewelry a little jewelry **proper nouns cannot take a determiner unless it is part of the name (e.g. - The United States) Proper nouns

John

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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES REGULAR VERBS (past root and past participles are the same; both end in 'ed') INFINITIVE 2 PAST 3 PARTICIPLE admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) emptied (mptid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid) identified (aidntifaid) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid) multiplied (mlt-plid) pedalled (pdald) planned (pland) plugged (plagd) preferred (prifert) programmed (prgramd) regretted (rigrtid) replied (repldt) rubbed (rbd) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) supplied (saplid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid) admitted (admtid) banned (bnd) begged (bgd) buried (brid) clapped (klpt) copied (kpid) cried (krid) dropped (drpt) dried (drid) emptied (mptid) fancied (fnsid) fitted (ftid) fried (frid) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid) identified (aidntifaid) knitted (ntid) knotted (ntid) labelled (libld) levelled (lveld) married (mrid) multiplied (mlt-plid) pedalled (pdald) planned (pland) plugged (plagd) preferred (prifert)

Foundation English

admit (admt) ban (ban) beg (beg) bury (bri) clap (klp) copy (kpi) cry (kri) drop (drop) dry (dri) empty (mpti) fancy (fnsi) fit (fit) fry (fri) hug (jg) hurry (jri) identify (aidntifai) knit (nit) knot (not) label (libl) level (lvel) marry (mri) multiply (mltplai) pedal (pdal) plan (plan) plug (plag) prefer (prfr) program (prgram) regret (rigrt) reply (repli) rub (rab) satisfy (satisfi) shop (shop) signal (sgnal) skip (skp) slip (slp) stop (stop) supply (sapli) tip (tp) travel (trvel) try (tri) worry (uri)

programmed (prgramd) regretted (rigrtid) replied (replid) rubbed (rbd) satisfied (satisfid) shopped (shpt) signalled (sgnald) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) stopped (stpt) supplied (saplid) tipped (tpt) travelled (trveld) tried (trid) worried (urid)

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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES Irregular Verbs Chart

Foundation English

This chart contains a list of the most common irregular verbs in English and their various forms, arranged according to type. Present Root I FORM jump Present Participle ING FORM Past Root II FORM Past Participle III FORM

jumping jumped jumped Irregular verbs - Type 1 (past root and past participles are the same but have irregular forms) bleed bleeding bled bled bend build burn buy bring catch creep dig dream feed feel fight find hang have hold keep lay lead leap leave lend lie light lose make mean pay read run say seek sell send shoot sit bending building burning buying bringing catching creeping digging dreaming feeding feeling fighting find hanging having holding keeping laying leading leaping leaving lending lying lighting losing making meaning paying reading running saying seeking selling sending shooting sitting bent built burnt bought brought caught crept dug dreamt fed felt fought found hung had held kept laid led leapt left lent lied lit lost made meant paid read * ran said sought sold sent shot sat bent built burnt bought brought caught crept dug dreamt fed felt fought found hung had held kept laid led leapt left lent lied lit lost made meant paid read * run said sought sold sent shot sat

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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES Present Root I FORM sleep spend spill spin stand stick swear sweep teach tell think throw understand weep win Present Participle ING FORM sleeping spending splilling spinning standing sticking swearing sweeping teaching telling thinking throwing understanding weeping Past Root II FORM slept spent split spun stood stuck swore swept taught told thought threw understood wept Past Participle III FORM slept spent spilt spun stood stuck swore swept taught told thought thrown understood wept

Foundation English

winning won won Irregular verbs - Type 2 (present root & past participle are the same but past root is different) become becoming became become come Present root coming came Present Past participle root Irregular verbs - Type 3 (past participles end with 'n') beating beat biting blowing breaking choosing doing drawing driving eating falling flying forgetting forgiving freezing getting giving going growing hiding knowing lying bit blew broke chose did drew drove ate fell flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hid knew lay come Past participle

beat bite blow break choose do draw drive eat fall fly forget forgive freeze get give go grow hide know lie (down)

beaten bitten blown broken chosen done drawn driven eaten fallen flown forgotten forgiven frozen gotten given gone grown hidden known lain

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English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-1:STUDY OF TENSES Present Root I FORM prove ride rise see sew shake shave shine show speak steal take tear wake wear write Present Participle ING FORM proving riding rising seeing sewing shaking shaving shining showing speaking stealing taking tearing waking wearing writing Past Root II FORM proved rode rose saw sewed shook shaved shined showed spoke stole took tore woke wore Past Participle III FORM proven riden risen seen sown shaken shaven shone shown spoken stolen taken torn woken worn

Foundation English

wrote written Irregular verbs - Type 4 (past roots have the vowel 'a' and past participles have the vowel 'u') begin beginning began begun drink ring shrink sing sink spring swim drinking ringing shrinking singing sinking springing drank rang shrank sang sank sprang drunk rung shrunk sung sunk sprung

swimming swam swum Irregular verbs - Type 5 (present root, past root, and past participle are all the same) cost costing cost cost cut hit hurt put quit set shut split spread cutting hitting hurting putting quitting setting shutting splitting spreading cut hit hurt put quit set shut split spread cut hit hurt put quit set shut split spread

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