J.Pl.Dis.Sci.

Vol 8(1) 2013 : 86-91 MANAGEMENT OF ROOT AND COLLAR ROT OF SOYBEAN THROUGH BIO-CONTROL AGENT TRICHODERMA
S.S.Mane,S.W.Khodke, R.S. Ghawade and A.V.Shrirao Department of Plant Pathology Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) ABSTRACT
In the present investigation, the maximum reduction in collar & root rot was achieved i.e . 52.81 and 44.10 % in soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha and seed treatment @ 4 g/kg + soil application @ 2 kg / ha respectively. The maximum yield was obtained due to seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim +Trichoderma @ 3 + 1 + 4 g/Kg (14.75 q/ha.). The seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g + soil application @ 2kg/ha also recorded 14.33 q/ha grain, while it was at equal level of significance with soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 Kg /ha (13.94 q /ha). Dual application i.e. seed treatment and soil application 4g + 2 kg/ FYM and seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 + 1 + 4 kg) proved to be effective in recording the higher grain yield with maximum diseases reduction. Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 +1 +4 g /kg) also recorded ICBR 1:31 with maximum net return i.e. Rs.3905 /ha followed by seed treatment of Trichoderma @ 4 g/kg + 50 kg FYM /ha. i.e. Rs.3278 / ha.

Keywords: Soybean, Root rot, Collar rot, Trichoderma, Thiram, Carbendazim, soil application Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) belongs to family leguminocease. It is a unique crop of versatile nutritional attributes yielding both oil and protein. It is called Golden bean of 21st century. Soybean ranks 1st among oil seed crop in the world. It has less requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer, pesticide and easy for cultivation. Soybean believed to be originated from North Central province of China and it is introduced in India in 1800 AD. Soybean is cultivated all over the world viz., United States of America, Brazil, Argentina and Russia. Among these countries USA occupied first rank in area as well as production of soybean in the world. I n India area under soybean increased tremendously during 2007-08. The productivity was 1070 kg/ha and area of 88.49 lakh hectares with production of 94.73 lakh metric tones. Maharashtra had an area 26.51 lakh ha under soybean in the year 2007-08 which produced 32.37 lakh MT with productivity 1221 kg/ha . Though the average productivity of the crop 2394 kg/ha, there is scope to increase it by use of efficient strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for higher yield and managing the diseases through biological means. Pant et al (2001) reported that seed and seedling rot com plex of soybean caused predominantly by Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii [Corticium rolfsii], Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium spp. is a major limiting factors for production. It is very difficult to manage these pathogens as they perpetuate in the form of sclerotia, chlamydospores and saprophytically in soil. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was conducted during the year 2006 to 2009. The following treatments with the susceptible variety TAMS -38 with plot size of 2.70 x 3.60 m2 and spacing 45x5 cm was tried in RBD. Mass m ultiplied inoculum of both organisms ( Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium ) was incorporated in experimental field before sowing and the CFU was maintained 30 X10 4 and 25 X 104 for respective organisms in plots during the years. The experiment was conducted at 3 locations at Akola, Amaravati and Yavatmal with the following treatment details. 1. Seed Treatment (ST) with Trichoderma 4 g/ kg 2. Seed Treatment with Trichoderma 6g/Kg 3. Soil application (SA) of Trichoderma 2kg/ 50 kg of FYM/ha 4. Soil application of Trichoderma 3kg/50 kg FYM/ha 5. Seed Treatment with Trichoderma + Soil application with Trichoderma (4g/ kg + 2 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha.) 6. Seed Treatment with Thiram+ Carbendazim - (3 g + 1 g /kg.) 7. Seed Treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 g + 1g + 4g/kg of seed.) 8. Foliar application with insecticides (Triazophos 40 EC 0.04 % at initiation of stemfly infestation.) 9. Control RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The data from 3 locations at Akola, Amaravati and Yavatmal in regard to root rot/ collar rot and grain yield of soybean was pooled and analyzed (Table 1, 2 and 3). The seed pelleting, soil applications of bioagents and chemicals were effective in reducing the mortality caused due to Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii under epiphytotic condition. Maximum incidence of root rot/ collar rot was recorded at Amaravati i.e. 25.96 %, followed by Yavatmal 21.11 and Akola

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Table 1.Effect of fungicides /insecticides /bioagents against root rot / collar rot of soybean (2005 - 2009)

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*The data given in the table is from the three locations, i.e. Akola, Amaravati and Yavatmal. The experiment was conducted at these three locations from the year 2005-09 ( ) Square Root Transformed Values.

Table 2. Effect of fungicides /insecticides /bioagents against root rot / collar rot of soybean grain yield (2005 -2009)

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*The data given in the table is from the three locations,i.e. Akola, Amaravati and Yavatmal. The experiment was conducted at these three locations from the year 2005-09

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i.e.

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Table 3. Effect of fungicides /insecticides /bioagents against root rot / collar rot of soybean and ICBR

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Soybean grain @ Rs.11.55/Kg. Trichoderma - @ Rs.100/Kg, Thiram @ Rs.25/100gm, Carbendazim @ Rs.450/Kg, Triazophos @ Rs.1480/Lit., FYM -@ Rs.75/Ql.

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18.25%. Treatment differences were significant (Table 3). Among all the treatments minimum mortality and higher disease reduction was achieved in soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 kg +50 Kg FYM/ ha ( 52.81% ) and seed treatment of Trichoderma @ 4 g + soil application @ 2 kg + 50 kg FYM /ha ( 44.10% ) were found to be efficient and recorded 8.56 and 10.14% lowest mortality. These treatments were significantly superior to all other treatments. The soil application of Trichoderma @ 2 kg + 50 kg FYM / ha (11.24) also achieved 38.04 % reduction in mortality followed by seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3+1+4)/ g / kg (11.77%). The seed treatment @ 4 g /kg (12.03 %) and seed treatment @ 6 g / kg (12.64%) were also effective against root rot/ collar rot and mortality reduction was 12.03 and 12.64 % as against 21.78 % mortality in control. The maximum reduction was achieved i.e. 52.81 and 44.10 % in soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha and seed treatment @ 4 g/kg + soil application @ 2 kg / ha respectively. The pooled grain yield differences due to various treatment i.e. Seed treatment with bioagents chemicals and soil applications of bioagents were significant .Maximum yield was obtained due to seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim +Trichoderma @ 3 + 1 + 4 g/Kg ( 14.75 q/ha.). Seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g + Soil application @ 2kg/ha also recorded 14.33 q/ha grain, while it was at equal level of significance with soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 Kg / ha.(13.94 q /ha.).Seed treatment with chemicals was also efficient in reducing the mortality and recorded 13.63 q/ha. grain yield. Seed treatments of Trichoderma alone @ 4 g and 6 g/ kg also recorded 13.63 q./ha. and 12.78 q./ha. grain yield as against control (11.26 q./ha).Dual application i.e. seed treatment and soil application 4g + 2 kg/ FYM and seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 + 1 + 4 kg) proved to be effective in producing the higher grain yield. Datta et al (2000) reported that combination of four different carriers along with Trichoderma harzianum as seed treatment was effective against Rhizoctonia solani causing soybean stem rot. Conidial suspension (1 x 10 8 conidia per ml) of the antagonist was used for seed treatment. Seed germination (%) and yield (g/plant) was higher in all treatments, irrespective of carrier and antagonist used. The highest germination rate (85.33%) and yield (11.78 g/plant) and lowest disease index (1.5) were obtained when seeds were treated with T. harzianum + methylcellulose. Seed treatment with sub-lethal doses of Thiram (0.05 and 0.01%) and T. harzianum showed lower disease index, higher germination and yield than the lethal dose (0.3%) alone. Das and Dutta (1999) reported the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum as a seed treatment along with 4 different carrier and sub lethal doses of Thiram was assessed against stem rot of soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani in sterilized soil in pot tests. The lowest disease index was observed when seeds were treated with T. harzianum + methyl cellulose with a significant increase in dry weight of root and shoot and yield over the inoculated control. Sub lethal doses of Thiram when m ixed with the antagonist as seed treatment showed lower disease index than the lethal dose of Thiram alone. Seed treatment of bioagents alone required minimum amount and therefore, higher ICBR was achieved in seed treatment of Trichoderma @ 4 g and 6 g /kg and recorded 1: 82 and 1: 38 ratio. Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 +1 +4 g /kg) also recorded CBR 1:31 with maximum net return i.e.3905 /ha followed by Seed Treatment of Trichoderma @ 4 g+ 2 kg +50 kg FYM / i.e. Rs.3278 / ha. Significant differences were obtained among the treatments i.e. Seed treatment with chemicals, bioagents and soil application of Trichoderma in reducing the root rot /collar rot caused due to Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii .The minimum mortality was achieved due to Seed treatm ent with Thiram + Carbendazim +Trichoderma (3+1+3g /Kg) 4.46% with higher disease reduction i.e. 69.71 %. This treatment was significantly superior to all other treatments. Seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g/kg and soil application of Trichoderma @ 3Kg +50 Kg FYM /ha were also equally effective. Soil application with Trichoderma 2 Kg/50 Kg FYM/ha (7.42) and Seed Treatm ent with Trichoderma + Soil application with Trichoderma 4 g +2 kg/50 kg FYM/ ha. (7.43), recorded mortality reduction to the extent of 48.72 %. Gupta and Sharma (2009) reported that that seed treatment against the Sclerotium rot of soybean, on average increased field emergence by 26.19%, reduced postemergence mortality (POM) by 49.03% and enhanced seed yield by 23.00%. Seed treatment with Carboxin 37.5%+Thiram 37.5% @ 0.2% was the best. Seed treatment 50days prior to sowing was superior by increasing emergence, reducing POM and enhancing seed yield with high monetary returns and energy output. LITERATURE CITED Datta, P., B.C.Das and D.K. Hazarika, 2000: Integrated management of soybean stem rot. J. of Biological Control. 14: 67-69 Das, B.C. and P. Dutta, 1999: Biological management of stem rot of soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Journal of Agricultural Science Society-of North East India 12: 217-220. Gupta, G.K. and S. K. Sharma, 2009: Influence, optim ization, energy budgeting and

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monetary considerations of different time intervals between fungicidal seed treatment and sowing on Sclerotium blight of soybean. Crop Protection. 28 : 854 -858 Pant Rajeev., A. N. Mukhopadhyay and R. Pant, 2001: Integrated management of seed and seedling rot complex of soybean. Indian Phytopath., 54: 346-350.

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