HYBRID WIND TURBINES AND SOLAR PANELS

Submitted On: April 12, 2012

Table of Contents

Cover pagepage 1 Table of Contents..page 2 Summarypage 3 Backgroundpage 4 Discussion..page 5 Solar power panels .page 7,8

Wind turbines ..page 9,10 Conclusion..page 12 Recommendations.page 13 References.page 14 Tables Table 1..page 6 Graphs Graph 1..page 8 Glossary..pa ge 9

SUMMARY

Wind turbines are used to generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind. They were more frequently used as a mechanical device to turn machinery. There are two main kinds of wind generators, those with a vertical axis, and those with a horizontal axis. Wind turbines can be used to generate large amounts of electricity in wind farms both onshore and offshore and A solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. We can save a lot of energy if we install wind turbines and solar power panels on large scale. The energy generated by them is renewable and cause absolutely zero pollution with no carbon emissions. We concluded that by integrating and optimizing the solar photovoltaic and wind systems, the reliability of the systems can be improved and the unit cost of power can be minimized. Finally, we recommend using HWTASP on large scale in order to do sustainable development.

BACKGROUND

Energy is vital for the progress of a nation and it has to be conserved in a most efficient manner. solar photovoltaic and wind systems have been promoted around the globe on a comparatively larger scale because Increase in the temperature of the earth due to emission of greenhouse gasses on large scare which results in melting of polar ice on both poles of the earth and high amount of natural disasters like flood, heavy rainfall/snowfall, storms, tsunamis etc. Burning fossil fuel on large scale is the main cause to create thick layer of co2 in the atmosphere like a blanket over earth which absorbers sunlight but did not allow it to leave the atmosphere of earth which lead to increase in temperature and all other factors that leads to Greenhouse effect. There is a need to minimize it in order to provide our future generation a good and healthy environment to live. Wind turbines and solar power panel can help us to reduce increasing carbon emissions in the earths atmosphere. It is very important for our society to wane its addiction off fossil fuels and transition to more sustainable forms of energy such as renewable sources of energy, form of energy that can be recovered in a human time scale such as solar, wind, and biomass.

DISCUSSION

As we discussed HWTASP is the combination of Solar and Wind. So, there is separate equipment Use for Solar and Wind in this system. After the combination of both the sources we connected By them as a one system. Let us know how many types of equipment used in this HWTASP system separately. The use of renewable energy technology to meet the energy demands has been steadily increasing for the past few years, however, the important drawbacks associated with renewable energy systems are their inability to guarantee reliability and their lean nature. Import of petroleum products constitutes a major drain on our foreign exchange reserve. Renewable energy sources are considered to be the better option to meet these challenges. The developed model processes the input parameters pertaining to the wind velocity, solar isolation, environment temperature, load distribution, wind and PV system parameters like cut-in-speed, cut-off-speed, rated speed, rotor diameter, hub height, peak module power, capacity of the PV panel and wind systems. It Computes the output parameters like PV capacity, array configuration, number of modules, tilt Angle, inverter capacity, battery capacity, charge controller capacity and wind machine capacity. WIND TURBINES A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a

windmill. If the mechanical energy is instead converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator or wind turbine. Wind turbines are designed to exploit the wind energy that exists at a location. Aerodynamic modeling is used to determine the optimum tower height, control systems, number of blades and blade shape. It includes 3 components they are: The rotor component, which is approximately 20% of the wind turbine cost, includes the

Blades for converting wind energy to low speed rotational energy. The generator component, which is approximately 34% of the wind turbine cost, includes

The electrical generator, the control electronics, and most likely a gearbox component for Converting the low speed incoming rotation to high speed rotation suitable for generating electricity. The structural support component, which is approximately 15% of the wind turbine cost, tower and rotor yaw mechanism.

includes the

ASSEBLY PARTS INFORMATION

Yaw Motors The yaw motor is used to turn the nacelle so that the rotor faces into the wind. The yaw motor has a cam wheel which fits into a large yaw bearing cam wheel. The yaw motor is controlled by the controller. Nacelle A nacelle is the horizontal section that sits atop the tower of a wind turbine and is the main housing of the controls. The word "nacelle" is a derivation of the Old French word "nacelle".

Anemometers Anemometers measure the wind speed and transmit the wind speed information to the controller. Brakes The brake prevents the rotor from rotating in the event that the wind turbine needs to be serviced or repaired. Cables The power output from the generator runs through large electrical cables from the generator, down through the tower assembly and into the power grid. Main Shafts The main shaft is a very thick shaft that is connected to the gearbox. The main shaft is turnedby the rotor. Platforms Platforms are located at various heights within the tower to allow service personnel to rest asneeded. Rotors Most large wind turbines have a total of three blades. The blades are bolted together to form the rotor or rotor assembly. The rotor assembly attaches to the nacelle by bolting onto the main shaft located inside the nacelle. Wind Vanes The wind turns the wind vane. The wind vane then transmits the wind direction data to the controller Yaw Bearings The yaw bearing is the large cam wheel that is turned by the small cam wheel of the yaw motor.

Lamps There are no windows in wind turbines. Lamps are used to light the interior of the towers and nacelles

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. Produces no waste or greenhouse gases.

The land beneath can usually still be used for farming. Wind farms can be tourist attractions. A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.

Disadvantages The wind is not always predictable - some days have no wind. Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is expensive. Some people feel that covering the landscape with these towers is unsightly. Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to like strong winds. However, this is rare, and we tend not to build wind farms on migratory routes anyway.

Can affect television reception if you live nearby. Can be noisy.

SOLAR POWER PANELS Solar power provides electrical generation by means of heat engines or photovoltaic. Once converted, its uses are limited only by human ingenuity. A partial list of solar applications Includes space heating and cooling through solar architecture, potable water via distillation and

disinfection, day lighting, hot water, thermal energy for cooking, and high temperature process.

GLOSSARY

HWTASP---------------------------------------------------------Hybrid Wind Turbine And Solar Panels AC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Alternate Current DC----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- direct current Duralumin---------------------------------------------------------------------------- An alloy of aluminum Ductile--------------------------------------------------mechanical property of metal to pull into wires Frictional Force---------------------------- negative force due to friction acting in opposite direction Grass root level------------------------------------------------------------------------ scrutiny observation Incompressible----------------------------------------------------------------- that cannot be compressed Importable-------------------------------------------------------------------- that cannot be carried easily Insignificant------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- unimportant M.A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mechanical advantage Matchless--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- incomparable Stiff------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tough

CONCLUSION

In the present scenario solar photovoltaic and wind turbine systems have been promoted around the globe on a comparatively larger scale. These independent systems cannot provide continuous source of energy, as they are seasonal. The solar and wind energies are complement in nature. By integrating and optimizing the solar photovoltaic and wind systems, the reliability of the systems can be improved and the unit cost of power can be minimized. The estimated value of energy generated by the model of solar system and wind system deviates by 6.22% and 7.18% respectively with the real time values.

RECOMMEDATIONS

Based on the results found out after the completion of this project, it is recommended that: It is beneficial to install HWTASP because its life cycle unit cost of power generation is less compared with solar and wind systems single systems. We recommend using HWTASP on large scale in order to do sustainable development.