LTEField Fi ldM Measurement

PreparedBy:SurendraSinghBundela CheckedBy:SourabhBhatham

OverviewofLTEMeasurements PhysicallayermeasurementshavenotbeenextensivelydiscussedintheLTEstandardization. Theycouldchange. IntraLTEmeasurements(fromLTEtoLTE) UEmeasurements ReferenceSignalReceivedPower(RSRP) ReceivedsignalstrengthIndicator(RSSI) ReferenceSignalReceivedQuality(RSRQ) Signaltointerferencenoiseratio(SINR) CQImeasurements t PhysicalcellIdentification(PCI) Trackingareacode(TAC) eNB measurements Nonstandardized(vendorspecific): TA,AverageRSSI,AverageSINR,ULCSI, detectedPRACHpreambles,transportchannelBLER Standardized: DLRSTx Power,ReceivedInterferencePower,ThermalNoisePower MeasurementsfromLTEtoothersystems UEmeasurements aremainlyintendedforhandover.
UTRAFDD: CPICHRSCP,CPICHEc/NoandcarrierRSSI GSM: GSMcarrierRSSI UTRATDD TDD: carrier i RSSI RSSI,RSCP RSCP,PCCPCH CDMA2000: 1xRTTPilotStrength,HRPDPilotStrength

ReferenceSignalsReceivedPower(RSRP)
RSRPis i the th averagereceived i dpowerof fasingle i l RSresourceelement. l t UEmeasuresthepowerofmultipleresourceelementsusedtotransferthe referencesignalbutthentakesanaverageofthemratherthansummingthem. Reportingrange 44 44 140dBm
Definition Reference signal received power (RSRP), is defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry cell-specific reference signals within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. For RSRP determination the cell-specific reference signals R0 according TS 36 36.211 211 [3] shall be used. If the UE can reliably detect that R1 is available it may use R1 in addition to R0 to determine RSRP. The reference point for the RSRP shall be the antenna connector of the UE. If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall not be lower than the corresponding RSRP of any of the individual diversity branches. RRC_IDLE intra-frequency, RRC_IDLE inter-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC CONNECTED inter-frequency RRC_CONNECTED inter frequency

Applicable for

Note1: The number of resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth and within the measurement period that are used by the UE to determine RSRP is left up to the UE implementation with the limitation that corresponding measurement accuracy requirements have to be fulfilled. Note 2: The power per resource element is determined from the energy received during the useful part of the symbol, symbol excluding the CP.

RSRPmapping3GPPTS36.133V8.9.0(201003)
ThereportingrangeofRSRPisdefinedfrom140dBm to44dBm with1dB resolution. Themappingofmeasuredquantityisdefinedinthetablebelow.

R Reported t d value l RSRP_00 RSRP_01 RSRP_02 RSRP_95 RSRP_96 RSRP_97

M Measured d quantity tit value l RSRP < -140 -140 RSRP < -139 -139 RSRP < -138 -46 RSRP < -45 -45 RSRP < -44 -44 RSRP

U it Unit dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm

RSSI

RSSInotreportedtoeNodeBbyUE CanbecomputedfromRSRQandRSRPthatarereportedbyUE RSSImeasuresallpowerwithinthemeasurementbandwidth MeasuredoverthoseOFDMsymbolsthatcontainRS MeasurementbandwidthRRCsignalledtoUE

Presentation/Author/Date

RSSIandRSRP

RSSI=widebandpower=noise+servingcellpower+interferencepower Withoutnoiseandinterference,100%DLPRBactivity:RSSI=12*N*RSRP RSRPisthereceivedpowerof1RE(3GPPdefinition)averageofpower levelsreceivedacrossallReferenceSignalsymbolswithintheconsidered measurementfrequencybandwidth RSSIismeasuredovertheentirebandwidth N:numberofRBsacrosstheRSSIismeasuredanddependsontheBW Basedontheabove,underfullloadandhighSNR:

RSRP(dBm)=RSSI(dBm)10*log(12*N)

Presentation/Author/Date

RSRQ
RSRQ=NxRSRP/RSSI NisthenumberofresourceblocksoverwhichtheRSSIismeasured, typicallyequaltosystembandwidth RSSIispurewidebandpowermeasurement,includingintracellpower, interferenceandnoise RSRQreportingrange319.5dB
Definition Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio NRSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of RBs of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks. E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), comprises the linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed only in OFDM symbols containing reference symbols for antenna port 0, in the measurement bandwidth, over N number of resource blocks by the UE from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise etc. The reference point for the RSRQ shall be the antenna connector of the UE. If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall not be lower than the corresponding RSRQ of any of the individual diversity branches. RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, q y RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

Applicable for

Presentation/Author/Date

RSRQreportingrange
RSRQ=NxRSRP/RSSI NisthenumberofresourceblocksoverwhichtheRSSIismeasured, typicallyequaltosystembandwidth RSSIispurewidebandpowermeasurement,includingintracellpower, interferenceandnoise RSRQreportingrange319.5dB

Reported value RSRQ_00 RSRQ_01 RSRQ_02 RSRQ_32 RSRQ_33 RSRQ_34

Presentation/Author/Date

Measured quantity value RSRQ < -19.5 -19.5 RSRQ < -19 -19 RSRQ < -18.5 -4 RSRQ < -3.5 -3.5 RSRQ < -3 -3 RSRQ

Unit dB dB dB dB dB dB

SINRdefinition
SINRisthereferencevalueusedinthesystemsimulation SINRcanbedefined: 1. WidebandSINR 2. SINRforaspecificsubcarriers(orforaspecificresourceelements) SINR=S/(I+N),allmeasuredoverthesamebandwidth MostdrivetestUEsandscannerssupportSINRorSNRmeasurement Example:LGsupportsRSSNRmeasurement Example:SamsungBT3710measuresCINRfromRS(emailinfofrom Samsung)

Presentation/Author/Date

SNRvs.RSRP

RSRPtoSNRmapping RSRPis i measured dfor f asingle i l subcarrier b i

noisepower_for_15KHz=125.2dBm
Noisefigure=7dB Temperature=290K

Assumption:RSRPdoesnt doesn tcontainnoisepower

RSRP vs. SNR

RSRP SNR = Pn _ RE Pn _ RE = 15 KHz _ noise _ power

SNR (dB) S

40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 SNR 10.00 5.00

Thiscurvegivesupperlimitto SINRwithcertainRSRP.SINRis alwayslowerthanSNRinlive networkduetointerference.

Presentation/Author/Date

0.00 -135 -5.00 -10.00 -15 15.00 00 RSRP (dBm ) -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70

RSRQtoSINRmapping
RSRQdependsonowncelltrafficload,butSINRdoesntdependonowncell load.
UsedResourceElementsperResourceBlock(RE/RB)inservingcellisaninput parameterforRSRQ>SINRmapping Assumption:RSRPdoesntcontainnoisepower

SINR =

RSRP * 12 N Pi + Pn _ 12 N

Pn _ xN = Pn _ RE xN x = RE / RB _ used N = # RBs RSSI = Pi + RSRP * xN + Pn _ 12 N RSRQ = N * RSRP RSSI

SINR

RSRP N * RSRP RSRQ

* 12 N RSRP * xN

12 1 RSRQ x

Presentation/Author/Date

RSRQtoSINRmapping
RSRQ vs SINR

Equationused:
SINR = 12 1 x RSRQ
x=RE/RB

DifficulttoestimateSINRinthis regionfromRSRQ,SINRvery sensitivetoRSRQandcellload

30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 SINR (dB) 2 RE/RB 4 RE/RB 10.00 6 RE/RB 8 RE/RB 10 RE/RB 5.00 12 RE/RB

0.00 -20 -5.00 5 00 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3

SNR (dB B)

2RE/RBequalstoemptycell. OnlyReferenceSignalpower isconsideredfromserving cell. 12RE/RBequalstofullyloaded servingcell.Allresource elementsarecarryingdata. Inp practice, ,mapping pp gfrom RSRQtoSINRseemsdifficult
Currentlyavailable measurementUEsand scannersreportSINRdirectly

-10.00 RSRQ (dB)

RSRP vs. SNR

40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15 00 15.00 SNR 10.00 5.00 0.00 -135 -5.00 -10.00 10.00 -15.00 RSRP (dBm ) -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70

Presentation/Author/Date

CQIMeasurements
4bitCQITable

100 90 80 70

code rate / %

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1

efficiency
CQI index

CQI index

PhysicalcellIdentification(PCI)
PlanningofthePCIissomewhatsimilartoplanningofthePrSC inWCDMAoreven BCCHARFCNinGSM.ThePCIisaphysicalcellidentifieritassumesvaluesfrom0to503. Itiscomprisedoftwoidentifierswhicharelinkedtocorrespondingsignalsonthephysicallayer. TherearethreePrimarySynchronizationSignals(PSS)and168SecondarySynchronization Signal(SSS).ThePSSarenumbered0,1and2,whileSSSarenumberedfrom0167. ThePCIvalueislinkedtocorrespondingPSSandSSSas PCI=PSS+3*SSS Table1,providesmappingbetweenPCIs,SSSsandPSSs. ThereisnostandardwayforplanningofPCIsbuttherearesomeguidelines. CoPCIassignmentforclosesitesneedstobeavoided SectorsonthesameeNode BshouldhavethesameSSScodebutdifferentPSS(assumingthreesectoredsites). ThisisnotmandatorybuthelpssynchronizationofUEsandimprovestraceabilityofthePCIassignment. CoPCIassignmentfortheneighborsneedstobeavoided.IftheneighborsareCoPCI,thehandoverprocess mayfail fail.Also, Also thisisthetrickiestrequirement requirement.(WewillbeaddingananalysisintheLTEtoolboxthatevaluates thePCIassignmentanddetectsthiscondition) ItiscommontoallocateaseparatesetofPCIsforoutdoorcellsandindoorcells.Thereasonisagain managementofthePCIsandthefactthatindoorcellsarerarelytrisectored.Theyareusuallydeployedin varietyofantennaconfigurations.

Table 1. Mapping between synchronization signals and PCI

AnexampleofaPCIstrategymaybeasfollows. DividePCIsintog groups p 0449and450503.Thefirstg group pprovides p 450(150 ( times3) ) PCIsforoutdoorcellsandsecondgroup54(18times3)PCIsforindoorplanningandaddition ofnewsites. Thefirstgroupprovides150differentSSS.Plan,outdoorsitesbyassigningoneSSSto th site. the it Once O the th SSSis i assigned i dto t the th site, it PSS0is i assigned i dto t the th alpha, l h PSS1is i assigned i d tobetaandPSS2isassignedtogammasectorofthesite.MakesurethatcoPCI assignmentsarespreadasfaraspossible. PlanindoorsitesbyassigningoneofthePCIsfromthesecondgroup. Again,makesurethatthecoPCIassignmentsareseparatedasfaraspossible.

TrackingAreaCode(TAC)
TrackingArea(TA) Itisthesuccessoroflocationandroutingareasfrom2G/3G. WhenaUEisattachedtothenetwork network,theMMEwillknowtheUE UEs spositionon trackingarealevel. IncasetheUEhastobepaged,thiswillbedoneinthefulltrackingarea. TrackingareasareidentifiedbyaTrackingAreaIdentity(TAI).

TrackingAreas
TrackingArea
HSS

TAI1 TAI1 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3

TAI1 TAI1 TAI1 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3

eNB

1 2

MME
eNB

SeNB

MME

CellIdentity

TrackingAreasOverlapping
Currently under discussion in 3GPP

1. Trackingareasareallowedto overlap:onecellcanbelongto multipletrackingareas

HSS

2. UEistoldbythenetworktobein severaltrackingareas simultaneously simultaneously. Gain:whentheUEentersanewcell, itcheckswhichtrackingareasthe newcellispartof.IfthisTAison UE TAli UEs list, t then th notracking t ki area updateisnecessary.

TAI12 TAI12 TAI2 TAI2

TAI1 TAI1 TAI1 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3

eNB

1 2

MME
eNB

CellIdentity

TAI2 TAI2 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3 TAI3

SeNB

MME

TrackingAreas:UseofS1flexInterface

HSS

eNB

TAI12 TAI12 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI3 TAI3

TAI1 TAI1 TAI1 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2 TAI2

SeNB eNB

1 2 3

MME

TAI2 TAI3 TAI3

1 2 3 SMME

MME Pooling: several MME handlethe same tracking area

CellIdentity

Timing gAdvance

Whytimingadvance?? BecausetheULresourcesareorthogonalandthisfacthastobe maintained DifferentUEsinthecellmayhavedifferentpositionandtherefore differentpropagationdelay>thismayaffectsynchronisation O l ULtiming Only i i advance d noDL InDLpossibletomanagesynchronisedtransmissiontoseveralUEs

TimingAdvance Principle

UE2

a)UETxtiming
D=16Ts

UE1

UE1 UE2

b)eNBRxtiming
UE1 UE2
time

TimingAdvanceUE1 TimingAdvanceUE2

TimingAdvance
Howoften>whatisthefrequencyofTimingAdvance? Granularityof0,52uscorrespondingto78m DependentontheUEspeed: 1.E.g.72km/h=20m/s >78minapprox4s >anupdateevery4seconds 2.E.g.500km/h=130m/s 78mapprox2timespersecond >Maximumof2updatespersecond HowistheNodeBmeasuringtheTA? BasedonreceivedPUSCHonTTIbasis CQIreportsonPUCCH HowisthetimingadvancesignalledtotheUE?? AtMAClayer(peertopeersignalling)

CellSelectionandReselection

OverallProcess
WhentheUEisswitchedon,itattemptstoestablishacontactwithapublicland mobilenetwork(PLMN)usingacertainradioaccesstechnology. IntheselectedPLMNasuitablecellisselectedandifthisnewcellisnotina registered i t darea,l location ti registration i t ti i isperformed f dvia i eNodeB N d B to t the th corenetwork. t k Theoverallprocessisdividedintothreesubprocesses: 1.PLMNselectionandreselectiontosearchforanavailablemobilenetwork. 2.Cellselectionandreselectiontosearchforasuitablecellbelongingtothe selectedPLMN. PLMN 3.LocationregistrationtoregistertheUEspresenceinaregistrationarea

PLMNSelection
Poweron

PLMN Selection andReselection

PLMN

PLMN selected Registration response

PLMN available

Cellselection and Reselection

F1 E P S

Registration Locationregistration

ServiceTypes(1/2)
Theactionofcampingonprovidesaccesstoservices.Thenetworkprovidesdifferentlevels ofservicetoaUEineitherIdlemodeorConnectedmode.Threelevelsofservicesare defined: LIMITEDSERVICE SERVICE: emergencycalls ll onanacceptable t bl cell. ll Acceptablecell: UEmaycamptoobtainlimitedservicelikeemergencycall.Theminimumsetofrequirements forinitiatinganemergencycallinaUTRANnetworkare: Thecellisnotbarred. Thecellselectioncriteriaarefulfilled. NORMALSERVICE:forpublicuseonasuitablecell. Suitablecell: UEmaycampontoobtainnormalservice.Suchacellshallfulfillallthefollowing requirements: Thecellispartoftheselected/registered/equivalentPLMN Thecellisnotbarred Thecellisnotpartofaforbiddenregistrationarea Thecellselectioncriteriaarefulfilled IncaseofaCSGcellitispartofthewhitelist

ServiceTypes yp (2/2) ( / )
OPERATORSERVICE:FOROPERATORSONLYONARESERVEDCELL. Reservedcell: Whenthecellstatus"reservedforoperatoruse"isindicatedandtheAccessClass oftheUEis11or15theUEmayselect/reselectthiscellifinHomePLMN. SetbyO&Mparameter. Barredcell: Whencellstatus"barred"isindicatedtheUEisnotpermittedtoselect/reselect thiscell,notevenforlimitedservices. Thisinformationissetbyofficedata.

PLMN A MCC=**, MNC=XX PLMN B MCC=**, MNC=ZZ

PLMN C MCC=**, MNC=YY

USIM card

IMSI=MCC+MNC+MSIN

IMSIformat MCC 3digits MNC 2~3digits MSIN (MobileSubscriberIdentityNumber) Maximum10digits

CellSelectionandReselection(1/2)
TogetservicefromtheselectedPLMN,theUE performstwotypesofprocedures:cell selectionandcellreselection CELLSELECTION UponPLMNselection,UEusescellselectionforfastcellsearchingtocampon.Toreceive systeminformationUEtunestothecontrolchannels.Thisprocedureisknownas"camping onthecell. TheUEwillthenregisteritspresenceintheregistrationareaofthechosencellbyNAS(Non AccessStratum)registrationprocedure. NASregistrationproceduremeanstheupperlayerinformationistransmittedfromUEtoCN viaAS(AccessStratum). Stratum) TheNASofferstheEUMTSservicetotheusers. users Thecellwillbedecidedassuitableifitfulfilsthecellselectioncriteria. Thepurposeofcampingonacellis: ToenableUEreceptionofsysteminformationfromtheselectedPLMN ToallowUEanRRCconnection,accessingthenetworkonthecellcontrolchannel. Toreceivepagingandrespondtopagingmessagesonatunedcontrolchannelinthe registrationarea.ThePLMNknowsthetrackingareaofthecellinwhichtheregisteredUEis camped.

CellSelectionandReselection(2/2)
CELLRESELECTION IftheUEfindsa"better"cell,UEreselectsitandcampsonit.Aftercampingon,UE monitorsthesysteminformationtogetthequalitythresholdandperforms measurementsforthecellreselectionevaluationprocedure.TheUEevaluates whetherornotabettercellexists. TheEUTRANcontrolsthequalitymeasurementsforcellstobereselected.TheUE measurementsaretriggeredaccordingtotheservingcellqualitylevelandthe thresholdindicatedinthesystem y information.Themeasurementmustsatisfy y differentrequirementsforintrafrequency,interfrequencyorinterRAT(Radio AccessTechnology)qualityestimations. CellselectionisperformedinRRCidlemode.Thecampingonacellinidlemode enablestheUEtoreceiveinformationfromthenetwork.UEstaysinidlemode untilittransmitsarequesttoestablishanRRCconnection.AfterreceivingtheRRC connectionsetup,themodechangesintoconnectedmode.

Cell4

Cell1

Optional: Systeminformation/ measurementcontrol: PLMNidentity Cellinformation Cell3 Cell2

InitialSelection Carrier1: strongestcell Carrier2: strongestcell Carrieri.. StoredInformationSelection Previousinformation f Previousdetections

PLMNSelectionProcess
TheUEscansallRFchannelsintheUTRANbandaccordingtoitscapabilitiestofind availablePLMNs. Oneachcarrier,theUEsearchesforthestrongestcellaccordingtothecellsearch procedure d ( (refer f cell llsearching) hi )and dread dits it system t information i f ti in i order d to t find fi d outwhichPLMNthecellbelongsto. IftheUEcanreadthePLMNidentity identity,thePLMNandthemeasuredsignalstength is reportedtotheNAS:if:signal>= xdBm (highqualityPLMN);withoutthe measuredsignalstrengthif<xdBm.

CellSelectionProcess(1/2)
AfterselectingaPLMN,thecellselectionprocessstarts.TheUEselectsasuitablecellandthe radioaccessmodebasedonidlemodemeasurementsandcellselectioncriteria.TheUE searchesasuitablecellofthatPLMNtocamponaccordingtothefollowingsteps: 1)TheUEcreatesacandidatelistofpotentialcellstocamponbyusingoneofthetwosearch procedures: InitialCellSelectionUEscansallRFchannelsintheUTRANbandtofindasuitablecell.On each hcarrier, i UEsearches h f forthe h strongestcell lland dreads d i itssystemi information. f i O Oncethe h UE hasfoundthesuitablecellfortheselectedPLMN,theUEcreatesacandidatelistconsistingof thiscellanditsneighboringcellsasreceivedinmeasurementcontrolinformation. StoredInformationCellSelection(optionally)Thisprocedurerequiresinformationstored frompreviouslyreceivedmeasurementcontrolinformationelements(cellparameters, carrierfrequencies,etc).AftertheUEhasfoundasuitablecellfortheselectedPLMN, candidatelistiscreatedsameastheinitialcellselectionp process. 2)EachcellonthecandidatelistisevaluatedaccordingtotheselectioncriteriaSasdescribed below. 3)Afterselectingasuitablecell(Scriterionfulfilled)forcampon,UEreportsthiseventto NASforregistrationprocedures.Iftheregistrationissuccessful,theUEentersinto"camped normallystate.

CellSelectionProcess(2/2)
IftheUEisunabletofindanysuitablecellintheselectedPLMN,theUEentersto"anycell selection"state. selection state Campednormallystate:UEobtainsnormalserviceandperformsthefollowingtasks: SelectandmonitorthePCHofthecell. Performssysteminformationmonitoring. Performnecessarymeasurementsforthecellreselectionevaluationprocedure. E Execute the h cell llreselection l i evaluation l i procedure. d Ifaftercellreselectionevaluationprocessabettercellisfound,thecellreselectionis performed.Ifnosuitablecellisfound, p ,theUEenterstonextstateany ycellselection. Anycellselection:UEsearchesanacceptablecellofanyPLMNtocampon.Ifanacceptable cellisfound,theUEreportstoNASandcamponthiscellobtaininglimitedservice.AndUE enterstocamped campedonanycell cell state. state IftheUEcannotfindanyacceptablecell, cell itstaysinthis state. Campedonanycellstate: UEobtainslimitedserviceandperiodicallysearchesforasuitable cellintheselectedPLMN.IfasuitablecellisfoundthestatechangestoCampednormally. Thefiguresshowtheinitialcellselectionandprocessforidlemodecellselectionand reselection.

NewPLMNSelection Yes Storedinformation CellSelection S Stored d information

Nosuitablecell found

No Initial CellSelection

Suitablecell found

Suitablecell found

Campednormally
trigger Suitablecell found Nosuitablecell found

Connected mode

CellReselectionevaluation
Nosuitablecell found

NoUSIM USIMinserted

Anycellselection
Acceptablecell found

Suitablecell found

Campedonanycell
trigger Acceptablecell found

Connected mode d (EConly)

CellReselection evaluation

NoAcceptablecell found

CellSelectionCriterion:S

Suitable cells: cells:

EUTRANcells: UTRANcells: GSMcells:

Srxlev>0 Srxlev>0ANDSqual>0 Srxlev>0

Srxlev=Qrxlevmeas (Qrxlevmin Qrxlevminoffset*) Pcompensation** Squal=Qqualmeas Qqualmin

*Qrxlevminoffset:onlywhencampinginVPLMN **Pcompensation=max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH max(UE TXPWR MAX RACH P_MAX, P MAX 0)

ThecellreselectionevaluationprocessdependsonwhetherHierarchicalCellStructure(HCS) isusedornot. InordertoperformcellreselectionUEmeasuresandrankstheneighborcells. Foreachtypeofneighborcells(IntraFrequency;InterFrequency;InterRAT,i.e.GSM) thresholdsaredefinable.Measurementsofneighborcellswillbetriggeredifthese thresholdsarereached. HIGHMOBILITY/MEDIUMMOBILITY/NORMALMOBILITY: ForfastermovingUEstheprocedurealters speeddependentscalingrulesareapplied. Ifthenumberof(differentcells)cellreselectionsduringthepasttimeperiodTCRmax exceeds NCR_H,highmobilityhasbeendetected.IfthenumberexceedsNCR_M,andnotNCR_H,medium mobilityhasbeendetected. Inhigh/mediummobilitystates,aUE: multipliesQhyst by"SpeeddependentScalingFactor forQhyst for*mobilitystate"ifsent. multiplies l l Treselection l b " "Speed dd dependent d ScalingFactor l f Treselection for l f * RAT by RAT for mobilitystateforRATcells.(RAT=EUTRAN,UTRAN,GERAN). *=high,medium.

CellReselectionProcess

NeighborCellMeasurements
Measurement of neighbor cells cells: : Intra Frequency: Inter Frequency: Srxlev<=Sintrasearch Srxlev<=SnonintrasearchOR Prio(inter f)>Prio(serving) Inter RAT: Srxlev<=Snonintrasearch OR

Prio(inter RAT)>Prio(serving)

Forinterfrequency andintersystemmeasurements,depending onthe th UEcapability, bilit th thenetwork t kallocates ll t measurement tgaps duringwhichnodataaresentfortheUE,sothattheUEcould performthenecessarymeasurementsusingasinglereceiver. gthemeasurementgaps, g p ,thep particularUEcannotbe During scheduledfordatatransmission,butthevacantresourcescould stillbeusedforotherUEs,becauseofthesharedchannel mechanism.

Intrafrequency/EqualPriorityCase:CellRanking C it i R Criterion:
Ranking of cells cells: :
Qmeas* RSRPmeasurementquantityusedin cellreselections. Forintrafrequency: Equals q toQoffsets,n, Q , ,ifQ Qoffsets,n , is valid,otherwisethisequalstozero. Forinterfrequency: EqualstoQoffsets,nplus Qoffsetfrequency,ifQoffsets,nisvalid, otherwisethisequalsto Qoffsetfrequency.
*3GPPTS36.304

Rs =Qmeas,s +QhystS Rn =Qmeas,n Qoffsets,n

Qoffset

Rn >Rs =>cell llreselection l ti s>forservingcell o neighbor e g bo cell ce n>for Reselectedcell: Suitable(SCriterion) BestRank(HighestR)

InterFrequency q yandInterRATCellReselection
FORINTERFREQUENCYANDINTERRATNEIGHBOUR CELLS: IfUEcampslongerthan1secintheservingcelland: ahigherpriorityneighbour fullfills (duringTreselectionRAT): SnonServingCell,x >Threshhigh reselectneighbour cell. nocellfullfills SnonServingCell,x >Threshhigh : SServingCell <Threshserving,low andSnonServingCell,x reselectneighbour cell. g g, g , >Threshx,low ,

Type yp ofHandover&HandoverSignaling g g

HandoversEventA3usedforBetterCellHO
RSRPatservingcell+a3Offset <RSRPatneighborcell
RSRP
A3conditionmet

RSRPNeighbourCell

a3offset ServingCellRSRP

time a3TimeToTrigger
Measurement Report

a3ReportInterval
Measurement Report

reportingconditionmet afterTimeToTrigger
Presentation/Author/Date

eNB

HandoversEventA5
RSRP

RSRPatservingcell< threshold3 AND(&&) RSRPattarget>threshold3a

Serving gCellRSRP

threshold3a threshold3

thres shold3a

thres shold3

NeighbourCellRSRP a5ReportInterval
Measurement Report

time a5TimeToTrigger
Measurement Report

eNB

140dBm
Presentation/Author/Date

IntereNBHandover Simplified
UE 1. eNB4 2. eNB9 MME

3. 4. 5. 7. 9. 11. 12. 10. 10 6. 8.

HandoverPreparation,step1/3
1. ThesourceeNBconfigurestheUE measurementprocedureswithan RRCRECONFIGURATION 2.UEistriggeredtosend MEASUREMENTREPORT tothe sourceeNB.Itcanbeevent triggeredorperiodic 3.SourceeNBmakeshandover decisionbasedonUEreport+load andserviceinformation 4.ThesourceeNBissuesa HANDOVERREQUEST tothetarget eNB 5 T 5. Target teNB NBperforms f admission d i i control 6.TargeteNBsendstheHANDOVER REQUESTACKNOWLEDGE tothe sourceeNB
Presentation/Author/Date

UE

Source

Target

MME

GW

1.RRCReconfiguration RRCReconfigurationComplete 2.Measurementreport 3.HO decision 4.HOrequest 5.Admission control 6.HOrequestack.

HandoverExecution,step2/3
7.SourceeNBgeneratestheRRC RECONFIGURATIONtowardsUE informingittomovetothetarget cell
SourceeNBstartsforwardingpacketsto targeteNB

UE

Source

Target

MME

GW

8.SourceeNBsendsstatusinformation totargeteNB 9 UEperforms 9. f the th final fi l synchronisation totargeteNBand accessesthecellviaRACH procedure

DLpresynchronisationisobtained duringcellidentificationand measurements

7.RRCReconfiguration Forward packetsto target 8.Statustransfer Buffer packets from source

10.TargeteNBgivestheuplink Presentation / Author/Date allocationandtiming advance information 11.UEsendsRRCRECONFIGURATION COMPLETE totargeteNB

TargeteNBcanbegintosenddatatoUE

9.Synchronization

10.ULallocationandtimingadvance 11.RRCReconf.Complete

HandoverCompletion,step3/3
12.Target 12 TargeteNB sendsaPATHSWITCH messagetoMMEtoinformthatthe UEhaschangedcell UE 13.MMEsendsaUSERPLANEUPDATE REQUEST messagetoServingGateway 14.ServingGatewayswitchesthe downlinkdatapathtothetargetside 15.ServingGatewaysendsaUSERPLANE UPDATERESPONSE messagetoMME 16.MMEconfirmsthePATHSWITCH messagewiththePATHSWITCHACK message 17.BysendingRELEASERESOURCE the targeteNB informssuccessof handovertosourceeNB andtriggers the h release l of fresources 18.UponreceptionoftheRELEASE RESOURCE message,thesourceeNB canreleaseradioandCp planerelated resourcesassociatedtotheUEcontext
Presentation/Author/Date

Source

Target

MME

GW

12.Pathswitchrequest 13.Userplaneupdate request 14.Switch downlink path 15.Userplane updateresponse 16 Path 16. P hswitch i hrequestack. k 17.Releaseresources 18.Release resources

IntraeNBhandover
UE eNBCellID
8706

eNBCellID
8706

MME

Signallingexample,AttachRequest
Step1:RACH procedure Step2:SRB1 establishment+ initialNASmsg

Step3:NAS security+S1 setup

Step4:RRC security+UE capability

Step5:SRB2+ DRBsetupfor defaultbearer

Thanks

PreparedBy:SurendraSinghBundela CheckedBy:SourabhBhatham