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DISCUSSION

The objective of this experiment is to determine the effect of temperature on the conversion in a plug flow reactor (PFR). In the experiment 2 which is how the temperature affected the reaction in PFR the temperature varies from 40 until 60 with the increment of 5. The difference in temperature surely affected the reaction in the PFR as the conductivity inlet and outlet will be different. After 2 minutes, the sample was taken to be titrated with NaOH. The volume of NaOH used until the mixture turns into light pink was recorded and the volume of NaOH used was increased as the increment of temperature. In order to plot the graph of conversion against temperature, the conversion was calculated. The reaction takes place was NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

The concentration of NaOH entering the reactor ,CNaOH,o at temperature 40 was 0.05 mol/L , V2 is 9.12 mL HCl and the V3 is 0.88 mL HCl, hence the conversion of NaOH in the reactor is 91.2%. The result was at temperature 45, the conversion was 102%, while at temperature 50, the conversion was 106.4%. next at temperature 55 and 60 the conversion was 113.6% and 118% respectively.As the temperature increases, so do the volume of NaOH hence, the conversion of NaOH in the reactor also increasing.

But, due to some errors, the volume of unreacted quenching HCl, V2, and the volume of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, V3 was wrong because the inlet tank was empty, that is also affected the volume of NaOH we used to titrate the sample. Because of the unpredicted errors, the volume of unreacted quenching HCl, V2 was more than 10 mL and that is also the factor why the volume of HCl reacted with NaOH in sample, V3 was negative. Hence, the conversion also being affected as it is more than 100%.

The calibration curve was plotted for conversion against conductivity. As the conversion increasing, the conductivity (ms/cm) decreasing. When the conversion was 0% the conductivity was 6.79, 25% was 4.27, 50% was 2.51, 75 and 100% was 1.10 and 0.02 respectively. As references, this Plug flow reactors have a high volumetric unit conversion, which run for long periods of time without maintenance, and the heat transfer rate can be optimized by using more, thinner tubes or fewer, thicker tubes in parallel. However there are disadvantages of plug flow reactors which are the temperatures are hard to control and can result in undesirable temperature gradients. In addition, PFR maintenance was also more expensive than CSTR maintenance

By the way, through a recycle loop a PFR was able to approximate a CSTR in operation. This occurs due to a decrease in the concentration change due to the smaller fraction of the flow determined by the feed; in the limiting case of total recycling, infinite recycle ratio, the PFR perfectly mimics a CSTR.

CONCLUSION

As for the conclusion, the complete conversion is able to achieve by the Plug flow reactor by increase in its temperature. The system wills undergoing endothermic reaction as the thermal conductivity, K are more than one.

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