Elements & Defenses

to Inchoate Crimes and Accomplice Liability

Solicitation Elements & Defenses

Actus Reus
Not Guilty If No Overt, Voluntary P ysical !ct

Accomplice

Conspiracy

Attempt

Incite, Counsel, Ad ise, Induce, !r"e, or Command

!not er to "o##it a "ri#e

Aid, Counsel, or Encoura"e

$efore or Durin% !not er&s "ri#e

A"reement
'o !c ieve Unla(ful Purpose )Mo*ern Ma+ority, !%ree 'o "o##it a "ri#e - Overt !ct.

Substantial Step
$eyon* Mere Preparation )/ast !ct, Dan%er, Prox..

General Intent
Not Guilty If General Intent Not Present

Intent to As#

Intent to Aid, or Encoura"e

Counsel,

Intent to A"ree

Intent to Do the Act

Specific Intent
Not Guilty If Specific Intent Not Present

Intent that $erson Solicited Commit Crime General !pproval Not 0nou%

%ot Specific Intent Crime $ut Must 1ave Intent to !i* Mere 2no(le*%e Not 0nou%

Intent to Achie e the &b'ecti e of A"reement

Intent to Accomplish the Crime

Specific Intent Defenses:

Duress; Unreas. Mistake; Voluntary Intoxication

If Defense %e"ates the Specific Intent

If Defense %e"ates Intent to Aid

If Defense %e"ates the Specific Intent

If Defense %e"ates the Specific Intent

(er"er

(er"es )ith *ar"et Crime )or (it "onsp..

%ot Applicable "ri#e !lrea*y "o##itte*

%o (er"er )Ol* 3ule !llo(e* Mer%er.

(er"es )ith *ar"et Crime

)ithdra+al or Abandonment

%o Defense )"ri#e "o#plete Upon !skin%.

./ Repudiate t e 3e4uest or 0ncoura%e#ent 0/ %eutrali1e t e Material !i* 2/ %otify Authorities In 'i#e to Stop t e "ri#e

%o Defense to Conspiracy, $ut Defense to Su5se4uent "ri#es Good Defense If $efore Overt !ct, In 6uri*ictions t at 3e4uire It Good Defense if Ot er Person 8!%reein%9 Is Un*ercover "op or Ot er(ise Not Guilty %o Defense if Goal of "onspiracy 7actually I#possi5le to !c ieve

&nce in Dan"er 3one:

(a'ority:
No Defense

(inority:
Defense if Per#anent, Uneuivocal, an* Successful

-actual: %o Defense )0.%. Unloa*e* Gun. Le"al: Good Defense )0.%. !tte#pte* !ct Not Ille%al.

Impossibility

%o Defense )0.%., solicitin% an un*ercover cop

%ot Applicable "ri#e !lrea*y "o##itte*

E,emption or E,clusion -rom Intended Crime

Good Defense:
If One "oul* Not $e Guilty of 'ar%et "ri#e, Not Guilty of Solicitation

E,emption: %o Defense
Ina5ility to $e t e Principal Does Not $ar !cco#plice /ia5ility

Good Defense
: arton&s 3ule or Protecte* "lass

%ot Applicable

E,clusion: Good Defense

Protecte* "lass Or /e%islative Intent

%o Defense
/e%islative Intent

(iti"atin" -actors

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(ista#e, Insanity

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4ariations

If Solicitee A"rees, Conspiracy -ormed )Mer%es (it "onsp.. If Solicitee Commits Crime, Guilty as Accomp/ )Mer%es (it 'ar%et "ri#e.

Accessory After the -act Not an !cco#plice; Separate "ri#e of 1elpin% 7elon 0scape )3eceive, 3elieve, "o#fort, or !ssist.

)harton5s Rule Subse6uent Crimes. Etc/ )See Ot er " art.

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