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MATA PELAJARAN KERTAS

: BIOLOGI SPM PERAK 2012 :2 SKEMA JAWAPAN BAHAGIAN A

BIL 1(a)(i) (ii)

CADANGAN JAWAPAN Mitochondrion P1 P contain respiratory enzyme P2 P generate energy from cell respiration / oxidation of glucose P3 Energy use by the cells for acti ities P1 " contain genetic material / #$% / gene P2 &hich determine the type of protein synthesis by the ribosome P3 determine the characteristics inherited by the offspring '( )ibosome P1 )ibosome synthesis polypeptide / protein molecule P2 using amino acid ( in the cytoplasm) P3 *ased on the genetic code from #$% / &hich carry by the m)$% P' Protein &ill be sent to +olgi apparatus by rough endoplasmic reticulum, P1 Protein cannot be sent to the +olgi apparatus P2 Protein cannot be modified / processes P3 $o enzyme extra cellular can be synthesis P ./hromatid /chromosome " . /entromere Prophase 1 0 /rossing o er E Exchange of genetic material occur//forming ne& genetic composition

MARKAH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CATATAN Maximum 2 mar!s

1(b)(i)

Maximum 2 mar!s

(ii) 1(c)(i) (ii)

Maximum 3 mar!s

(iii)

Maximum 2 mar!s

2 (a)((ii) (iii)

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(b)

1 1

%naphase 1 (c)(i) (ii) (iii) 3 (a)(i) (ii)

%naphase 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 %ny 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 %ny 2 1 1 1 1

1estis M . Mitosis $ . #ifferentiation Primary spermatocyte . '( 2perm . 23 #iffusion/simple diffusion P1 . $et mo ement of molecules or ions, P2 . 0rom a region of higher concentration to region of lo&er concentration// going do&n a concentration gradient, P3 . 3ntil an e4uilibrium is achie ed, oxygen P1 . 5xygen diffuse/ mo es across a( plasma membrane/through ( plasma membrane) to blood capillary P2. 0rom higher (oxygen ) concentration ( in al eolus ) to lo&er concentration ( in blood capillary) P3. 5n the other hand the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is lo&er in the air of the al eoli compared to the blood capillaries, P'. /arbon dioxide diffuse out of the blood capillaries into the al eoli, P6 . expelled through the nose or mouth into the atmosphere, 1, 1hin &all 2, Moist 3, )ich &ith blood capillary *ronchitis//emphysema// 1uberculosis 1, % oid smo!ing 2, Exercise 3, 7ear mas! during haze

%ny 2

(b)(i) (b) (ii)

(iii) (i ) (c)

%ny 2

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'(a)(i)

#iet &hich contain all t ! n"t#i!nt in co##!ct $#o$o#tion to meet the daily re4uirement of the indi idual 8e el 2 8e el 3 . 9itamin / mineral salt / fibre . Protein

(ii)

1 1 1

(iii) (b)

/an cause obesity / stro!e / thrombosis / arteriosclerosis / high blood pressure 0 9ery acti e man need 161::!; energy < but moderate acti e man only need 12(:: !; energy E because ery acti e man need more energy to carry out all the hea y / tough acti ity #eficieny disease . )ic!et /ause . 8ac! of itamin # / calcium = phosphorus P1 /alcium need for formation of bone and teeth of the mother P2 calcium also needed by the fetus to form the bone and teeth P3 the mother to be need calcium to prepare the mammary gland to produce mil! P' mil! is the food for the baby

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(c) (d)

6) ( a)
Aa Aa

AA
$ormal

Aa

Aa
/arrier/$ormal

aa
/arrier/$ormal %lbino

1 1 1 1

2 phenotype correct> 1 mar! ' phenotype correct>1 mar!

b)(i)

?. meiosis @. 0ertilization

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(ii) (iii) (c)

P1. %llele are different form of the same gene for a trait P2. that occupy the same relati e position on a pair of homologous chromosome 2eparation/ segregation P1. 1he genotype of father is %a//heterozigous P2. 1he genotype of mother is %a// heterozygous P3. #uring formation of gamete< only one allele can be carried by the gamete P'. #uring fertilization< allele a from mother/father combine to form genotype aa // homozygous recessi e 0. cause by gene mutation E. fail to produce an enzyme for production of melanin

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(d)

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MARKING SCHEME SECTION B PAPER 2 %"!&tion No' (a P1 P2 P3 P' An&(!# *ounded by double layer of membrane 0ill &ith stroma (the Aelly li!e matrix) /ontain grana (ie stac!s of membranous structure) +rana contain chlorophyll S")*a#+& 1 1 1 1 Max 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max D (c 01 8ea es consist of flat< thin lamina< hold by petiole E1 1o increase 12% to recei e maximum amount of sunlight 02 8amina is thin E2 %llo& gases exchange to occur efficiently 03 Ba e lea es ein // ha e xylem and phloem E3 %llo& transport of &ater and organic substances // xylem transports &ater from root to the shoot// phloem transports organic substances from lea es to all part of plants 1 1 1 1 1 1: Total Ma#+& 2

( b (i)

0 P1 P2 P3

Photosynthesis /onsist of 2 stages ie light reaction = dar! reaction 8ight reaction occur in grana /hlorophyll captures/trap light energy to excite electron to higher le el P' Energy released by the excited electron is used to form %1P P6 8ight energy split the &ater molecules into hydroxyl ion and hydrogen ion // photolysis of &ater P( Bydrogen ion combines &ith electron (released by chlorophyll) to form hydrogen atom PC Bydroxyl group combine each other to form &ater and oxygen PD #ar! reaction occur in stroma PE Bydrogen atom uses %1P to fix/reduce carbon dioxide to form glucose and &ater P1: 2ix unit of glucose combines to form one molecule of glucose P11 +lucose condenses to produce starch

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0' 3pper epidermal layer is transparent // &ater proof layer of cuticle E' %llo& penetration of sunlight // pre ent excessi e loss of &ater 06 Palisade mesophyll tissue contain more chloroplast // arrange pac! tightly together = upright E6 1rap more sunlight for photosynthesis // more palisade cells can be placed to carry photosynthesis efficiently 0( 2pongy mesophyll cell has irregular shape // loosely arrange to form air spaces E( -ncrease 12% for gases exchange // maximise the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide 0C Presence of stomata at the lo&er epidermis EC %llo&ing gases exchange bet&een the internal part of leaf and the en ironment

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 1:

Ca

P1 Bas flexible endos!eleton P2 Bas 7 shaped muscle bloc! ie myotomes P3 /ontract and relax antagonistically // one side contracts< another side relaxes P' Ma!e the tail/ caudal fin to mo e side by side alternati ely P6 1o push the fish for&ard // control the fish direction P( Bas slee! and streamlined body shape PC 5 erlapping scale facing bac!&ard PD 1o reduce &ater resistance PE @a&ing is pre ented by ha ing dorsal and entral fin P1: Pitching is pre ented by ha ing pel ic and pectoral fin P11 )olling is pre ented by ha ing dorsal and entral fin

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C b (i)

01 P1 P2 P3 P'

$er ous system /onsists of brain< spinal cord and neurons 2timulates by external stimuli 2end information in the form of electrical impulses -mpulse is transmitted ia neurons to effector

02 Endocrine system P6 /onsists of endocrine glands // glands &ithout ducts

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P( 2timulates by internal stimuli PC 2end information in the form of chemical impulses/ hormones PD Bormones is transported by blood to target organ

1 1 1 Max ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max D D

C b (ii)

P1 2timuli is detected by hypothalamus P2 Bypothalamus send impulse through sympathetic ner ous system to the effector / heart / respiratory muscle / blood essel P3 Bypothalamus send ner e impulse to adrenal medulla P' %drenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline P6 *oth hormones are sent to target organ / heart / respiratory muscle /blood essel through blood P( 1hese t&o system cooperate each other PC /auses increase in blood glucose le el PD /auses blood essel constrict to increase the blood pressure PE /auses respiratory muscle to contract and relax faster// increase breathing rate P1: /auses heart to pump faster // increase heart rate P11 1o transport more oxygen and glucose to the s!eletal muscle = brain P12 *rain more alert to mobilise body into immediate action /run a&ay from the dog

Da

P1 P2 P3 P' P6 P(

Pollen mother cells in the pollen sac are diploid cells 1hese cells undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid microspores/ tetrad $ucleus of each microspore di ides by mitosis 0orming haploid tube nucleus and generati e nucleus 1hese microspores de elop into pollen grains

1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 6 1 1 1 1 1

D b (i)

P1 5n the stigma< sugar stimulates pollen grains to germinate P2 0orm pollen tube P3 Pollen tubes gro&s into the style and to&ards the o ule< led by tube nucleus P' +enerati e nucleus undergoes mitosis and form t&o male gamete nuclei P6 Pollen tube penetrates the o ule through micropyle

1:

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P( 1ube nucleus disintegrates PC 5ne male nuclei fuses &ith the egg cells to form diploid zygote PD %nother male nucleus fuses &ith the t&o polar nuclei to form triploid zygote PE 1his process is !no&n as double fertilization P1: 1riploid nucleus di ide to form endosperm (ie nutriti e tissues) P11 #iploid zygote di ides and gro&s into embryo

1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 1: 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 1: 1:

D b (ii)

P1 %fter double fertilisation< the outer layer of o ule dries up and de elops a hard seed coat P2 1o protect both embryo and endosperm P3 5 ule &ill de elop into seed P' 5 ary enlarges and form fruit P6 5 ary &all de elops into fruit &all that co er = protect the fruit P( 1his &ill ensure the flo&ering plant to sur i e PD 1he endosperm of the seed pro ides nutrition and energy to the embryo for its gro&th Patient % i, cholera ii. Vibrio cholerae iii, 1ransmitted through contaminated &ater // &aterborne disease // through ector/ houseflies that transmit the bacteria to the exposed food i , #rin! boiled &ater // filter drin! &ater // any suitable example Eat coo!ed food // do not exposed the food // any suitable example 3se proper toilet // any suitable example Patient * i, #engue fe er ii, #engue irus iii, 1ransmitted by a ector/ mos4uito ie Aedes (aegypti) i , Protect oursel es from the bites of mos4uitoes that act as ector // any suitable example Eliminating the habitat for mos4uitoes // any suitable examples Bealth education/ campaign

Ea

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Eb

01 %ir pollution P1 Exhaust fume released by the ehicle contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide P2 2mo!e release by the factory contain dust / soot / lead P3 +ases released by the factory contain carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ sulphur dioxide / nitrogen oxide P' $itrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide dissol e in &ater in the clouds P6 0orming nitric acid and sulphuric acid P( 0orm acid rain PC #estroy photosynthetic tissues in lea es PD )educe rate of photosynthesis PE -ncrease carbon dioxide concentration P1: Beat is trapped by green house gases P11 /auses green house effect // lead to increase in temperature // global &arming P12 8eads to climatic change// increase sea le el// flash flood 02 7ater pollution P13 #isposal of &aste matter from industrial // domestic source into the &ater P1' /auses eutrophication // increase *5# le el P16 %4uatic organism die 03 P1( P1C P1D 8and pollution #isposal of domestic &aste on the ground -ncrease the number of pest/ rat / coc!roach / flies -ncrease disease transmission

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 3

1: