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The UK and international institutions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 The Commonwealth The Commonwealth is an association of countries that support each other and work to ether towards shared oals in democrac! and de"elopment# $ost mem%er states were once part of the &ritish 'mpire( althou h a few countries which were not ha"e also )oined# The *ueen is the ceremonial head of the Commonwealth( which currentl! has 54 mem%er states +see ta%le %elow,# $em%ership is "oluntar!# The Commonwealth has no power o"er its mem%ers( althou h it can suspend mem%ership# The Commonwealth is %ased on core "alues of democrac!( ood o"ernment and the rule of law# continued ###

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Commonwealth members

-nti ua and &ar%uda &an ladesh &otswana Canada 0i)i +currentl! suspended, 1renada 3amaica 5esotho $aldi"es $o.am%i6ue 7ew 8ealand 9apua 7ew 1uinea ;e!chelles ;olomon 2slands ;t 4itts and 7e"is ;wa.iland Trinidad and To%a o =4

-ustralia &ar%ados &runei /arussalam C!prus The 1am%ia 1u!ana 4en!a $alawi $alta 7ami%ia 7i eria :wanda ;ierra 5eone ;outh -frica ;t 5ucia Tan.ania Tu"alu <anuatu

The &ahamas &eli.e Cameroon /ominica 1hana 2ndia 4iri%ati $ala!sia $auritius 7auru 9akistan ;amoa ;in apore ;ri 5anka ;t <incent and the 1renadines Ton a = anda 8am%ia

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14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

The European Union The 'uropean =nion +'=,( ori inall! called the 'uropean 'conomic Communit! +''C,( was set up %! si> western 'uropean countries +&el ium( 0rance( 1erman!( 2tal!( 5u>em%our ( and the 7etherlands, who si ned the Treat! of :ome on 25 $arch 1957# The =4 ori inall! decided not to )oin this roup %ut it %ecame a mem%er in 1973# There are now 27 '= mem%er states +see ta%le %elow,# Croatia will also %ecome a mem%er state in 2013# '= law is le all! %indin in the =4 and all other '= mem%er states# 'uropean laws are called directi"es( re ulations or framework decisions# EU member states -ustria &el ium C!prus C.ech :epu%lic 'stonia 0inland 1erman! 1reece 2reland 2tal! 5ithuania 5u>em%our 7etherlands 9oland :omania ;lo"akia ;pain ;weden &ul aria /enmark 0rance ?un ar! 5at"ia $alta 9ortu al ;lo"enia =4

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27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

The Council of Europe The Council of 'urope is separate from the '=# 2t has 47 mem%er countries( includin the =4( and is responsi%le for the protection and promotion of human ri hts in those countries# 2t has no power to make laws %ut draws up con"entions and charters( the most well@known of which is the 'uropean Con"ention on ?uman :i hts and 0undamental 0reedoms( usuall! called the 'uropean Con"ention on ?uman :i hts# The United Nations The =4 is part of the =nited 7ations +=7,( an international or ani.ation with more than 190 countries as mem%ers# The =7 was set up after the ;econd Aorld Aar and aims to pre"ent war and promote international peace and securit!# There are 15 mem%ers on the =7 ;ecurit! Council( which recommends action when there are international crises and threats to peace# The =4 is one of the fi"e permanent mem%ers of the ;ecurit! Council# The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO The =4 is also a mem%er of 7-TB# 7-TB is a roup of 'uropean and 7orth -merican countries that ha"e a reed to help each other if the! come under attack# 2t also aims to maintain peace %etween all of its mem%ers#
This te>t is taken from 5ife in the =nited 4in dom( a 1uide for 7ew :esidents( 3rd edition 9a e 137 C Crown Cop!ri ht 2013

British Council 2013