Honors Chemistry

Name: David Luo Period: 8 Date: 15-11-2013

U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. Cu(NO3)2 Cu Mg Zn Pb Ag Ca Black powder Black Blue bubbling Brown Black Bubbling Black powder Turning black Mg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Ag(NO3)2 Blue and black Brown liquid Black Black Black HCL

Bubbling

4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction Part II: Reactions with Acids Materials: Metals: Copper Magnesium Zinc Silver Lead Calcium

Solution: hydrochloric acid

Procedures: 1. Determine where H+ should be placed on an activity series by comparing the relative amount of bubbling when added to metals. 2. Create a data table and record your results.

Two reactions (One occurs and one that doesn't) 1. Cu (s) + Ag(NO3)2(aq) = Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag (s) The reaction occurs since copper has a higher reactivity than silver. 2. Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) The reaction doesn't occur since silver has a lower reactivity than copper.

Part III: Demonstration Your teacher will demonstrate Calcium metal in acid. Write down your observations Discussion Questions 6) Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) Balanced equation: Cu (s) + Ag(NO3)2(aq) = Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag (s) Ionic equation: Cu (s) + Ag (aq) + 2(NO3) (aq) = Cu (aq) + 2(NO3) (aq) + Ag (s) Net ionic equation: Ag (aq) = Ag (s) 7) For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. Oxidized: Cu (s) Reduced: Ag (aq) Oxidizing agent: Ag (aq) Reducing agent: Cu (s)

8) A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal?

Unknown metal + HCL (aq) = bubbles (occurs) Unknown metal + Ca(NO3)2 = No reaction Unknown metal + Zn(NO3)2 = reaction occurs Based on the given information, the unknown metal must have a reactivity higher than H+ an Zn+2 because reaction occurs when you are mixing it with Zn(NO3)2 and HCL (aq). Its reactivity must be lower or equal to Ca+2 because no reaction occurs when it is mixed with Ca(NO3)2. From this, we can narrow our target; conclude that the unknown metal must either be Calcium, Sodium, Magnetism or Aluminum. So let's say if the unknown metal is Magnetism, in order to confirm the identity of this metal I can carry out a flame test. Take a wooden splint and ignite the metal. The metal should be magnetism if it turns into bright white.