damana meliqiSvili berZnul terminTa gaazreba da sityvawarmoebis mTa_gelaTis skolebSi principebi Savi

`elinTa enamzeobasa zeda yovelTave Tsi saxeli hqan, Sesabami Tsisa arsebisa _ es sityvebi ioane `platonur filosofoss, zedwodebiT petriws ekuTvnis, V saukunis bizantieli `platonuri filosofosis (neoplatonikosis), prokle diadoxosis `Teologiis safuZvlebis qarTulad mTargmnelsa da komentators. ioane petriwis es gancxadeba elinTa enamzeobis Taobaze safuZvlad udevs mis mTargmnelobiTs meTods, romelic saTargmni teqstis zedmiwevniT zustad gadmocemas moiTxovda. ufro adre antioqiaSi, Savi mTis didi moRvawe efrem mcirec, romelmac wm. werilis qarTulad Targmnisas bizantiel wm. mamaTa egzegetikis aucilebeli gamoyeneba daamkvidra, radganac, misi azriT, `berZenTa ena ufskrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi sityua mravalsa pirsa aRiarebso, amitom swored aseTi adgilebis romelTa Sinaarsi (azri) sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleboda gagebuliyo, marTebulad, zustad TargmnisaTvis aucileblad Tvlida wm. mamaTa: ioane oqropiris, kirile aleqsandrielisa da sxvaTa (romelTa saxelebs `siSosa gamo igi aRar CamoTvlis), ganmartebebis gamoyenebas. igi erideba berZenTa da berZnulis mcodneTa yvedrebas gamouZiebelad dawerisaTs sityuaTasa da amis gamo xelaxla ajerebs (adarebs) berZnul dednebTan didi `ulumpielebis, aToneli mamebis Targmanebs da Sesworebebi Seaqvs maTs namuSakevSi, Tumca ki didi ridis gamo es cvlilebebi mas, rogorc TviTve ambobs, undosa mtuersa wmidaTa ferTa maTTasa, kidesa stiqonisasa anu aSSiaze gautania. Sav mTaze, efrem mciresTan eufleboda gamowvlilviTi, zedmiwevniTi Targmanis xelovnebas arsen iyalToeli, romelic, amasTanave Zal-mwe da ganmaZlierebeli iyo moZRvrisa wm. ioane damaskelis Targmnis dros. efrem mciris mier Sav mTaze danergili es wesi - teqstis TargmanTan erTad misi komentirebisa - gelaTis saRvTismetyvelo-literaturuli skolis ZiriTad miznad da mimarTulebad iqca. gava dro da gelaTis saRvTismetyvelo-mTargmnelobiTi skolis udidesi warmomadgeneli, ioane petriwi, efrem mcirisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac qarTvel `ulumpielTa~ namuSakevSi ridiTa da krZalviT Sehqonda Sesworebebi, raTa berZnebsa da berZnulis mcodneT brali ar daedoT `gamouZieblad~ Targmnis gamo, ityvis: `mrcxuenis me, TT mis WeSmaritebisagan, aqaT warsulsa da mkudarsa, rameTu arsTa wil araTa gardmovaenebdeo~. ioane filosofosi erTaderTi _ WeSmaritebis winaSe grZnobs Tavs pasuxismgeblad sityvis arsis marTebulad gadmoqarTulebaSi da radganac Tvlis, rom `ellinTa enamzeobasa zeda yovelTave Tsi saxeli hqan, Sesabami Tsisa arsebisa, araCveulebriv SemoqmedebiTs siTamames iCens, raTa qarTul sityvaSi gaacocxlos is arsi, logosi, romelic berZenma Cado ama Tu im sagnisa Tu movlenis saxelwodebaSi da romelic daunjebulia wm. werilis sityvaSi. amgvarad, ioane petriwis mTeli yuradRebac dednidan sityvis arsis zustad gadmoqarTulebisakenaa mipyrobili, magram, gansxvavebiT efrem mcirisagan, igi ar imarTlebs Tavs berZeni da qarTveli mayvedreblebis winaSe (Tumca ki uCivis maTgan devnas: `esviTTa lmobaTagan

midmovibneodi: senTa, ucxoebaTa da SurTa da veragobaTa saumilisagan aw amis Jamisa qarTvelTa da berZenTa Soris: qarTvelni, Tanadgomisa wil da Tqumisa esTa, viTarmed: wmidasa gangebasa RmrTisasa kaci tomisagan Cuenisa uwarmoebia elovnebaTagan sulisaTa daelovnebuli, xolo xedvaTagan gonebisaTa gagonebebuli, vina, Tana daudgeT, vaiZuloT, lmobaTa misTa unugeSinisoT, tkivilTa misTa vewamlneT, dafarulTa misTa cxadad vemxarkneT, raTa viTarca ucxod bunebisgan warmoarsebulsa, msgavsi da nacvali misi uSTinoT, rameTu medinisa bunebisa ars kaci da Jami rRuevisa misisa ucnaurobs. ar esTa! ara-ra ver igulismaes, viTarmed: brWalsa Cemsa umzirdes sasafrod sulisa Cemisad. vina ZvirTasaca uZres ese, romel oriTave ipyrobvodes umecrebiTa: pirvel, martivad umecneobiTa saswavloTaTa da kualad meored _ TviT mis umecrebisa umecrebiTa, viTar itys sokrat, rameTu Znel seni, aramed uficxes umecrebai senisa), piriqiT, Tvlis, rom
metad gamravldnen mTargmnelebi (gardmomRebelni) da ver ki esmiT potenciuri sityvis ganxorcielebis saidumlo (amis magaliTad mas ori adgili mohyavs wm. werilidan dabadebis I Tavis 26-e muxlis Targmani: movediT da vqmneT kaci xatad da msgavsad Cuenda da ioanes saxarebis I Tavis I-ve muxlis Targmani: pirvelTagan iyo sityua da maTi mcdarobis kritikuli dasabuTebis Semdeg sakuTar Targmans gvTavazobs (ix. ganmarteba, gv. 219). zusti, adekvaturi Targmanis moTxovnileba sxva mizezebTan erad pirvel yovlisa, filosofiuri da Teologiuri literaturis Targmnisa da aTvisebis saWiroebam gamoiwvia1. XI-XII saukuneebi, elinofoluri mimarTulebis xana qarTuli Targmanis istoriaSi, gamoirCeva cnebiTi Rirebulebis mqone leqsikis aqtiuri Semoqmedeb.iT. am xanisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma interesma egzegetikisadmi _ rogorc bibliuri teqstebis, ise elinuri da elinisturi xanis filosofosTa naSromebis komentarebisadmi, filosofiur-Teologiuri xasiaTis literaturis mizandasaxulma Targmna-damuSavebam moiTxova filosofiur-Teologiuri xedvisa da azris zustad gadmocema, cnebaTa diferencirebisaTvis saWiro specialur terminTa zusti qarTuli Sesatyvisebis daZebna da warmoeba, rasac Sedegad mohyva qarTuli mecnieruli terminologiis Camoyalibeba da sistemaSi moyvana, qarTuli mecnieruli enis Seqmna. radganac berZnul enaSive terminTa polisemia da elinuri filosofiuri terminebis (zogjer sruliad sapirispiro gagebis) qristianul dogmatikaSi gamoyeneba xSirad cxare saeklesio kamaTisa da mwvaleblobis warmoSobis mizezic ki xdeboda: sakmarisia davasaxeloT ousia (arseba) da upostasis (ganukueTeli, guami, piri) terminebis (romlebic aristotelesTan sinonimuri mniSvnelobiT ixmareba) urTierTaRrevis magaliTi, rac ariozisa da SemdgomSic araerTi wvalebis wyaro gamxdara. terminTa dazusteba bevr siZnelesTan iyo dakavSirebuli: pirvel rigSi saWiro iyo berZnul terminTa polisemantizmSi garkveva: saqme isaa, rom TviT antikuri xanis filosofiis klasikosTa SromebSic ar aris daZleuli terminologiaSi polisemiisa da sinonimiis problema. aviRoT, mag. ei\do termini, romlis sxvadasxvagvarma gagebam, erTi mxriv, platonisa da, meore mxriv, aristoteles SromebSi, rogorc a. losevi aRniSnavs, saTave daudo aristoteles eidos terminis tradiciul
1

vrclad ix. d. meliqiSvili, Savi mTidan gelaTamde, kreb. naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo, wigni I, gv.566

falsifikacias1. aRsaniSnavia, rom platonis `parmenides kritikuli teqstis gamomcemeli da frangul enaze mTargmneli o. die specialurad msjelobs ei|do-ijdeva terminebis Targmanis Taobaze da gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT arCevs maTi erTi _ FForme terminiT Targmnas (o. die, gv.4-6). sxvaTa Soris, amave gzas adgas petriwic, rodesac am terminebs erTi _ guar (=/am/nairi /am/feri, /am/gvari) terminiT Targmnis. TviT erTi filosofosis SromebSic erTsa da imave termins xSirad sxvadasxva gageba aqvs. mag., aristotelesTan hJ oujsiva `arseba filosofiaSi es metad mniSvnelovani termini ixmareba rogorc `arsebis (=`arsis), ise `pirvelsawyisis, `elementis da `substanciis, `individis mniSvnelobiT (da upostasis terminis sinonimia), ramac am cnebis sxvadasxvagvari gageba da misi sxvadasxva enaSi gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis mqone terminebiT Targmna gamoiwvia.2 Cans, aqedan modis qarTuli arsis da arsebis erTmaneTSi aRrevis tradiciac. igive a. losevi aRniSnavs, Tu ra did siZneleebs awydeboda igi platonis Semoqmedebaze muSaobisa da Targmnisas swored imis gamo, rom am didi filosofosis naSromebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia filosofiur cnebaTa da maT gamomxatvel terminTa araCveulebrivi siWrele da aramdgradoba (a. losevi, 1975, gv.8). xolo, rac Seexeba filosofosTa sxvadasxva Taobebs, maT Soris terminologiuri siWrele da SeuTanxmebloba Cveulebrivia. magaliTad, cnobilia, rom filosofiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi cnebis _ erTiani, sayovelTao sawyisis _ gamoxatvisaTvis antikur filosofiaSi sxvadasxva terminebia xmarebuli, razedac miuTiTebs aristotele Tavis `metafizikaSi da aRniSnavs, rom saWiroa sxvadasxva filosofosTa naSromebSi am terminologiuri siWrelis mxedvelobaSi miReba manam, sanam `erTian mizezs davadgendeTo. berZnuli sityvebis mravalmniSvnelovnobaze xSirad miuTiTeben qarTveli mTargmnelebi: rogorc zemoTac vaxseneT, berZenTa ena ufskrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi sityua mravalsa pirsa aRiarebso _ aRniSnavda efrem mcire (saq. mociq. gv.029). dionise areopagelis SromaTa TargmanisaTvis darTul erT-erT komentarSi ki, romelic oJ aijwn v leqsemas exeba, wers: Seiswave, viTarmed berZenTa eniTa mravalguarad

imareben saxelsa saukunosasa wmidaTa werilTa Sina. amisTsca me, viTa TT maTiTa eniTa arian, egreT damiwerian sityuani ese aw werilTagan SemoRebulni, raTa scna, viTarmed amaT sityuaTa Sina yovelgan saukunosa saxeli ars berZulad, romeli wmidaTa mamaTa da moZRuarTa qarTulisa TargmanebisaTa odesme sawuTrod uTquamT da odesme soflad da odesme Jamad friad jerovniTa gangebiTa. xolo aqa saWiro iyo, TT viTa maTsa enasa ars, egreT dawera, raTa ara mouzavebel iyos maTda Targmani maTi (areopag. gv.262, kom. 10).
rogorc vxedavT, oJ aijwvn leqsemas Zveli qarTveli moZRvarni da mamani konteqstis Sesabamisad sxvadasxvagvarad Targmnidnen: saukuno, sawuTro, sofeli, Jami, rac ramdenadme asaxavs kidec am berZnuli sityvis semantikur vels. Cans, aseTi analizis Catareba uxdebodaT qarTvel mTargmnelebs yoveli berZnuli terminisaTvis qarTuli Sesatyvisis moZiebisas, rasac isini xSirad TanamSromlobiT aRwevdnen. aseTi TanamSromloba terminologiis damuSavebisa da dadgena-dazustebis aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli. am mxriv mniSvnelovan cnobas gvawvdis
1 2

. . , , , 1975, . 43 . . , , ., 1929, . .24)

isev efrem mcire: `me Zalisaebr viRuwid simarTlesa da Sedarebasa

berZulisasa mravalTa mecnierTa berZenTa da qarTvelTa gamokiTxviTao

(saq. mociq. gv. 030). Zveli qarTveli moRvaweni Segnebulad udgebian terminTa warmoebas, iTvaliswineben TiToeuli berZnuli leqsemis etimologias, specialurad swavloben maTs mniSvnelobebs leqsikonebisa da bibliur TxzulebaTa mravalricxovan ganmartebaTa gamoyenebiT, iZlevian berZnul terminTa zust Zireul Tu konteqstualur Sesatyvisebs _ zogjer azrobrivs, ufro xSirad ki formalur-semantikuri kalkebis saxiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT metad sainteresod wers kvlav da kvlav efrem mcire `samociqulos Targmanis winasityvaobaSi: `amaT eseviTarTa RrmaTa

adgilTa, sadaca umda Secvaleba da sxuebr cvaleba sityuasa samociqulosa qarTulsa, romeli maSinRa ZliT gulisma-iyofebodis, odes samni, gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egeodennive leqsikonni, romel arian RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobilni sityuani, erTad Semovikribni, maSinRa ZliT moupoi qarTuli msgavsebuli sityua (saq. mociq. gv. 029).
magram TviT uzustesi Sesatyvisic ki jer kidev ar aris termini, sanam igi ar Cajdeba gansazRvrul struqturul-semantikur sistemaSi, sadac aseT SesatyvisTa simravle garkveul organizebul mTlianobas qmnis da, sadac idealur SemTxvevaSi cnebaTa sistemasa da maTs Sesatyvis terminebs Soris calsaxa mimarTeba miiRweva. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi berZnuli terminebis Sesatyvisad Seqmnil qarTul leqsemebs, agreTve, axlad Targmnili (neo)platonuri filosofiis cnebaTa qarTul Sesatyvisebs esaWiroeboda erT formalursemantikur sistemaSi gaerTianeba, rac kidevac ganxorcielda gelaTis skolaSi. am mxriv gelaTis filosofiur-literaturuli skola axali etapia qarTuli filosofiuri(//Teologiuri) da saerTod, mecnieruli terminologiis ganviTarebis gzaze: esaa filosofiur-Teologiuri terminologiis erTiani monostruqturuli sistemis Camoyalibebis Segnebuli cda. am saqmes erTi xeli da erTi goneba sWirdeboda; sWirdeboda pirovneba, romelSic SemoqmedebiTi siTamame da farTo gaqaneba, enis alRo da Rrma codna, sityvis arsSi wvdomisa da misi esTetikuri gancdis unari, filosofiaSi ganswavluloba da `xedvaTa survili harmoniulad iqneboda Serwymuli. swored aseTi pirovneba _ `warmoarsebuli wmida gangebisagan RmrTisasa, elovnebaTagan sulisaTa daelovnebuli, xedvaTagan gonebisaTa gagonebebuli iyo ioane platonuri filosofosi, zedwodebiT `petriwi, romelsac unda vumadlodeT qarTul enaze Seqmnil mzamzareul filosofiur terminologias, romelic qarTuli ZirebiT araCveulebrivad zustad gadmoscems yvela termins, evropul enebze berZnuli an laTinuri nasesxobebis saxiT rom arsebobs1. swored ioane filosofosma daisaxa miznad Tavisi gvar-tomis erisaTvis Seeqmna ena galeqsebuli da mesxue mdabrionTagan, anu gansxvavebuli Cveulebrivi salaparako, yofiTi enisagan. ioane petriwis, rogorc (neo)platonuri filosofiisa da, kerZod, prokles komentatori filosofosisaTvis, sistemisa da sistematizaciis principi amosavalia rogorc Teoriul, ise praqtikul sferoSi (kerZod, terminebze muSaobisas). (neo)platonuri ontologiuri struqturis
1

. . , , XI-XII ., ., 1909, . 35

sistematizacia moiTxovda am filosofiis cnebiTi enis _ terminologiis sistematizacias. erTi mxriv, arsen iyalToelisa da misi uSualo mimdevrebis mier sqolatikis fuZemdeblis _ ioane damaskelis dialeqtikisa da aleqsandriuli (neo)platonuri skolis komentatorebis naSromebis Targmnas (maTSi Tavmoyrili da sistemaSi iyo moyvanili aristoteledan da misi komentatorebisagan, gansakuTrebiT porfiriosisagan momdinare filosofiuri terminologia), xolo, meore mxriv, ioane petriwis mier neoplatonuri filosofiis sistematizatoris, prokle diadoxosis Teologiis safuZvlebis Targmna-komentirebas kanonzomier Sedegad mohyva qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis sistemaSi moyvana, mkacrad damuSavebuli qarTuli mecnieruli enis Seqmna. swored proklesagan, am `atikeli filosofosisagan SeiTvisa ioane petriwma is sqolastikuri (am sityvis amosavali, saukeTeso gagebiT) sistematuroba, romelic mTel mis sityvaSemoqmedebas gasdevs. prokle diadoxosis `Teologiis safuZvlebSi da platonis dialogebze mis mravalricxovan komentarebSi (romelTac SesaniSnavad icnobs da iyenebs ioane petriwi), maTi avtorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli akribiiTa da skrupulezurobiT aris Camoyalibebuli mkacri sistema antikuri (neoplatonuri gadamuSavebiT) filosofiis terminologiisa, rac mis mTargmnelsa da komentators, ioane petriws, avalebda aseTive mkacri sizustiT mohkideboda TiToeuli filosofiuri cnebis qarTulad gadmocemis saqmes. ioane petriwis mizani iyo filosofiur terminTa iseTi sistemis Seqmna, romlis elementebi urTierTkavSirSi iqnebodnen erTmanerTTan rogorc formaluri, ise semantikuri TvalsazrisiT, Seqmnidnen formalur-semantikur paradigmatul erTianobas da gamorCeuli iqnebodnen yofiTi leqsemebisagan formalur-semantikuri struqturebis sistemurobiT. swored amas gulisxmobs ioane filosofosi, rodesac ambobs, rom Tavisi gvar-tomis xalxisaTvis _ qarTvelebisaTvis aRiSurva `mdabrionTagan mesxue da galeqsebuli enis Seqmna. qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis morfologiuri paradigmatuli sistema garkveuli tipis derivaciuli modelebis gaaqtivebiT xasiaTdeba. axal terminTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli aqtivobiT xasiaTdebian agreTve garkveuli semantikis leqsemaTa Zireuli morfemebic. esenia, mag.: gon, can, guar, ars, Cen/Cin, mizez, guam, yof, ziar- da sxva Zirebi. ama Tu im leqsikuri erTeulis sityvawarmoebiTi potencia sxvadasxva avtorTan sxvadasxvagvarad vlindeba. terminologiuri sityvawarmoebis dros daculi unda yofiliyo Semdegi principebi: 1. termini unda Seqmniliyo mxolod qarTuli Zirebisa da afiqsebis saSualebiT; 2. termini gamorCeuli unda yofiliyo yofiTi leqsemisagan formalur-semantikuri sistemurobiT; 3. termins zustad unda aesaxa Sesabamisi cnebis Sinaarsi, unda yofiliyo gamWirvale, motivirebuli; 4. terminsa da cnebas Soris calsaxa mimarTeba unda yofiliyo: termini monosemiuri unda yofiliyo; 5. termini unda yofiliyo mokle da sxarti. am principebis ganxorcieleba yovelTvis ar iyo SesaZlebeli da axlac SeuZlebelia, ramdenadac mecnieruli ena, iseve, rogorc sazogadod, yoveli cocxali ena, ar aris statikuri da ganviTarebis kanonebs emorCileba. magram am idealuri sistemurobisaken swrafva moiTxovda `enis elovnebisa da Rrammatikosobis dauflebas, enis

`aobisa da qcevis Seswavlas, sityvaTa `Sewyobisa da daSlis ostatobaSi gawafvas, sityvis arsSi wvdomas da am gziT terminis `etimologiis (`mzametyvelebis) anu motivaciis dadgenas (`ganmarteba, gv.20-22). terminologiuri sityvawarmoeba gacnobierebuli procesia. yoveli mecniereba, maT Soris, filosofiuri, miiswrafvis gamoimuSaos Tavisi sakuTari, specialuri ena, sadac informaciis semantikuri gansazRvruloba unda eyrdnobodes enobrivi niSnisa da aRsaniSni cnebis calsaxa mimarTebas. ioane petriwis `mdabrionTagan mesxue ena pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobda swored yofiTi, salaparako enisagan gansxvavebuli filosofiuri leqsikis Seqmnas imave, saerTo-saxalxo enis masalaze dayrdnobiT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom filosofiur enaSi moqmedi termini markirebuli unda yofiliyo: mas unda hqonoda sakuTari modeli, idealur SemTxvevaSi igi Tavisi formiT gansxvavebuli unda yofiliyo yofiTs enaSi uzualuri mniSvnelobiT xmarebuli Sesabamisi leqsemisagan. termins unda hqonoda Tavisi sakuTari struqturaagebuleba, romelic garkveul formalur-semantikur sistemaSi calsaxa mimarTebaSi iqneboda am sistemis sxva elementebTan. amgvarad, petriwi idealur SemTxvevaSi moiTxovda yofiTi da mecnieruli leqsikis lingvistur diferencirebas (Tumca amis ganxorcielebas, rogorc mosalodnelia, yovelTvis ver axerxebda). amasTan, daculi unda yofiliyo erTi aucilebeli piroba, rac ZiriTadi principia ioane petriwis sityvaTSemoqmedebisa: qarTuli filosofiuri termini unda Seqmniliyo sakuTari, qarTuli Zireuli masalisagan, qarTuli derivaciuli afiqsebis gamoyenebiT (Tu sesxeba xandaxan mainc gardauvali xdeboda, sruliad gamoricxuli iyo ucxo _ berZnul afiqsTa kombinacia qarTul ZirTan). es ki did SemoqmedebiTs siTamames moiTxovda: usazRvrod farTo gasaqani unda miecaT TavisTavad mdidari da mravalferovani qarTuli sityvawarmoebiTi saSualebebisaTvis, maqsimalurad gamoemzeurebinaT da gamoeyenebinaT misi SesaZleblobani, gaecocxlebinaT arqauli, miviwyebuli da gaqvavebuli formebi da modelebi, amasTanave erTad, gza gaexsnaT cocxal, salaparako enaSi arsebuli perspeqtiuli formebisaTvis. swored aqedan modis petriwisa da gelaTis skolis sxva moRvaweTa mier uzualuri afiqsebis gverdiT anomaliuris, arqauli an dialeqturi afiqsebis gaaqtiveba da maTi distribuciuli SesaZleblobebis gazrda. saerTod, cnobilia, rom afiqsebis fuZeebTan distribuciis garkveuli Tavisufleba damaxasiaTebelia terminologiuri warmoebisaTvis, sadac aseTi SezRudvebi moxsnilia. amitomaa, rom gelaTis skolis nawerebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mozRvavebul novaciebTan erTad arqauli formebisa da mawarmoeblebis moZalebac. yvelaze did asparezs am TvalsazrisiT iZleoda mimReobur formaTa warmoebis didi mravalferovneba qarTulSi. dialeqtur safuZvelze istoriulad Camoyalibebuli paraleluri warmoebis modelebi axalwarmoebisaTvis metad farTo SesaZleblobebs iZleoda da filosofiur cnebaTa lingvisturi diferencirebisaTvis xelsayreli saSualeba iyo. mimReobis formaTa paraleluri, sinonimuri warmoebidan namyo drois na- prefiqsiani mimReobebi gansakuTrebul midrekilebas iCenen substantivaciisadmi (Sdr. dagvili, gacrili, gakveTili, daWrili, daSTenili, damWnari... magram: nagavi, nacari, nakveTi, naSTi, naWeri...). xolo terminTa funqciuri datvirTuloba, rogorc cnobilia, ZiriTadad

arsebiT saxelze modis. amitom na- prefiqsiani mimReobis formaTa terminologizacia advilad da swrafad xdeba. specialur terminTa sawarmoeblad es xerxi farTod aqvs gamoyenebuli da danergili ioane petriws: nakueTi (figura, sqema), naTxzi, naqusi (mwkrivi, rigi, seria)... cnebaTa diferencirebisaTvis am saSualebis gamoyenebis naTel ilustracias warmoadgens gelaTuri bibliis xelnawerebSi erTmaneTis paralelurad naxmari prefiqsiani da sufiqsiani warmoebis mimReobis sinonimuri formebi mordomili da nardomi (mo-vrd-om-a zmnisagan): mogecin Sen barkali Seni mordomilad (ricx. 5, 21). aqvea naxmari CvenTvis saintereso na- prefiqsiani forma imave, vrdoma zmnisagan: nardomisa

cxorebisa saswaul ars fqli qrTilisa, romlisaTsca nardomisa cxorebisaTs Sesmenili dedakaci amas Seswirvida (A 1108,103). aqedan pirveli forma (mordomili) Cveulebrivi, yofiTi mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari (`movardnili), mas Cveulebrivi mimReobis mniSvneloba aqvs. meore formaSi (nardomi) ki es gageba waSlilia. am formas specialuri mniSvneloba aqvs miRebuli: nardomi niSnavs `WeSmariti, kanonieri gzidan
gadavardnils, gadacdenils. aqedan momdinareobs misi terminologiuri mniSvnelobac: `yalbi, plagiati, falsificirebuli. swored am specialuri mniSvnelobiTaa igi naxmari amonios ermiasis Txzulebis TargmanSic: vTqua Tu nardom-yofa wignisa amis, igica TanvanardomneT

amissa, anu ukueTu igini sakuTreb, eseca, cxad ars, viTarmed, maT Tana (amon.106,36). am kontaqstSi, rogorc vxedavT, nardomi dapirispirebulia sakuTarTan, misi antonimia. mTels konteqstSi ki laparakia aristoteles avtorobis sakiTxze. kerZod,nataci Tu sakuTari ars wigni filosofosisa (101,28). moyvanil konteqstebSi erTmaneTis sinonimebad Cans nataci da nardomi, romelTac berZnul dedanSi Seesatyviseba noqo
leqsema, rac niSnavs `araswors, crus, ukanonos, yalbs _ Cvens SemTxvevaSi _ `mitacebuls miTvisebuls, plagiats (Sdr. laT. plagio `vitaceb). nardomi rom terminologiuri `yalbi _ novqo mniSvnelobiT damkvidrebulia gelaTuri, kerZod _ arsen iyalToelis wris ZeglebSi, es arsenis mier Sedgenili `didi sjulis kanonis erT-erTi statiidanac Cans (kerZod, amfiloqe episkoposis iambikoSi): viTar mtyuarni da nardomni drahkanni (522,11) (rogorc vxedavT, masTan sinonimur wyvilSia naxmari `mtyuari). unda aRvniSnoT, rom ioane petriwi novqo leqsemis Sesatyvisad prokles Txzulebis Targmansa da ganmartebaSi ceT da rRuev Zirebisagan awarmoebs na- prefiqsian mimReobas: namrRuevsa, eseviTa nacTsa gulmyisierebasa Soris monagoni (`ganmarteba $ 32, gv. 83); maSin, rodesac Cveulebrivi, yofiTi mniSvnelobiT igi il sufiqsian mimReobas iyenebs amave ceT fuZisagan: yovlisa cTomilisa mbrZolisagan (`ganmarteba, gv.4,6). berZnuli terminis mis mier mopovebul qarTul Sesatyviss ioane petriwi xSirad am berZnul terminTan erTad xmarobs hendiadisur wyvilSi (naTxzi sirasa, smperazma, romel ars Tangasavali, magaliTsa _ emfassa), raTa mkiTxvelisaTvis cxadi gaxados mis mier Semotanili terminis mniSvneloba da mimarTeba berZnul cnebaterminTan. amgvarad, naTeli xdeba, rom mimReobaTa warmoebis qarTulSi arsebuli ori sxvadasxva tipi gamoyenebulia cnebaTa diferencirebisaTvis: naprefiqsiani mimReobis formebi termin-substantivTa mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli, sakuTriv mimReobis Cveulebrivi, yofiTi mniSvnelobiT ki il sufiqsiani mimReoba gamoiyeneba.

amave mizniT sasubieqto mimReobis ramdenime tipidan ioane petriwi aaqtivebs arqaul models (saSuali gvaris zmnaTaTvis damaxasiaTebels), romlebic dRes substantivebis (xelobis saxelebis) warmoebaSia damkvidrebuli: m- (mbadi, msaxi), ma- (mavsi, mamki, makli, maRmrTi), me-

(meqmi, medini, merR, meS), mo- (mobaZavi, mosavi, moqcevi, mokudavi), m-ad (pirvelmRebadi), ma-e (mwade, gamge, momge), m-ar (mxudari, mkudari), m-are (mTenare), ma-e (macne, mavne), me-e (mecne meTne, meTque, metrfe, mewade, mesme, mebaZve), me-o (mekudo), mo-e (moswrafe, mowafe, moswavle, moyuare, moRuawe, moaxle), sa-e (sarece, savse, saxe), sa- (saoci, samki, sawadi, aRmosaCeni), sao (saqmo, sakrvo, sacno, sauwyo, sawado, satrfo, saso, saSo, aRmosaCino).
am tipis warmoeba zmnuri fuZeebisagan Zvelsave qarTulSi ukve arqauli modelia, istoriuli ugvaro statikuri (e. w. saSuali gvaris) zmnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, romelsac moxerxebulad iyeneben gelaTis skolis moRvaweni cnebaTa formaluri diferencirebis mizniT. sainteresoa, rom am modelis gamoyeneba erTdroulad akmayofilebs terminologizaciisaTvis xelsayrel sam pirobas: SesaZlebeli xdeba polisemantizmis Tavidan acileba, substantivuri modeli aadvilebs da aCqarebs terminologizaciis process, am modelis mixedviT Seqmnili termini moklea, sxartia, marjve da moxerxebuli. Semdegi principuli moTxovna bunebrivad gamomdinareobs winasagan: specialuri termini, rogorc garkveuli cnebis adekvaturi enobrivi gamoxatuleba, mocemuli mecnieruli enis sistemaSi polisemiasa da omonimias unda gamoricxavdes. rogorc cnobilia, polisemantizmi samecniero terminologiaSi mowmobs terminologiuri sistemis mouwesrigeblobasa da sust gaformebulobas. Tavisi filosofiuri terminologiis sistemis farglebSi polisemiis moSla da monosemantizmis miRweva iyo is idealuri viTareba, romliskenac miiswrafvoda da mTels Tavis SemoqmedebiT Zalebs mimarTavda ioane petriwi. prokles traqtatis Targmanis winasityvaobaSi ioane filosofosi specialurad exeba Semecnebis procesis amsaxveli cnebaterminebis dadgenis sakiTxs da uCvenebs qarTuli terminis Seqmnis gzas Sesabamisi berZnuli terminebis semantikuri analizis safuZvelze. es terminebia: novhsi, novhma, diavnoia, nohtovn, romelTac igi vrceli msjelobisa da dasabuTebis gziT uZebnis Sesaferis qarTul Sesatyvisebs: gagoneba, midmogoneba// midmogagoneba, gasagono, gamgone (`ganmarteba", gv.6). aqve petriwi sinanuliT aRniSnavs, rom Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi cnebaTa diferencirebas ar aqcevdnen saTanado yuradRebas da erTsa da imave sityvas sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT xmaroben, rac `me uzomod miSlis Targmansa Sinao (`ganmarteba, gv. 6). polisemiis daZleva SesaZlebeli iyo sinonimuri leqsikuri erTeulebis an sinonimuri morfologiuri masalis (mawarmoeblis) gamoyenebis gziT. aqedan modioda kvlav da kvlav arauzualuris, araordinaluris, arqauli Tu dialeqturi enobrivi masalis Zieba, gaaqtiveba. magram, meore mxriv, es iyo wyaro sistemaTaSorisi (filosofiuri enisa da saerTo-saxalxo enis leqsikur sistemebs Soris) sinonimebis warmoSobisa. kidev ufro uaryofiTia damokidebuleba dubletebis mimarT, romlebic araviTar niuansobriv sxvaobas ar iZleva enaSi. ioane petriwis terminologiuri sistema qmnadobis procesSia, amitom axalwarmoebaTa Ziebis gzaze sinonimebi da termini-dubletebi, Tanac erTmaneTis gverdiT, hendiadisur wyvilSi misi filosofiuri enis sistemis farglebSive xSirad gvxvdeba. amasTan, sinonimebi SeiZleba

miRebul iqnas morfologiuri gziT, ZiriTadad mimReobaTa paraleluri warmoebis gamoyenebiT: (marR _ merR, mgebi _ mge, mqmneli _ mqmne, meqmi

_ meqme, mimRebeli _ mimRebi _ pirvelmRebi _ pirvelmRebadi, mbaZavi _ mbaZveli _ mbaZi _ mebaZve _ mobaZavi, mwadi _ mewadi _ mewade, mSobeli _ meSvi _ meSve, mcnobeli _ mcnobi _ mecne, mtrfialobeli _ metrfi _ metrfe, mziarebeli _ mziare, mgrZnobeli _ megrZne da sxva);
cnebis dazustebis mizniTve SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sinonimuri leqsemebi: aso da kavSiri, mowade da trfiali, satrfo da sawado, umoqeno da sruli, umoqeno da kmamyof, uqcev da ucvalebel, meuwye da mcnobel, cnoba da uwyeba, ganwvaleba da ganyofa, qmna da warmoCena, ganWradi da ganwvalebadi, qmnadi da aRgebadi da sxv. leqsikur sinonimur wyvilebs, anu hendiadisebs, rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi racionaluri sawyisi hqonda. mTargmneli berZnul sityvas, romelsac farTo semantikuri veli hqonda, Targmnida ori erTmaneTis sinonimuri leqsemiT, romelTagan erTi meores azustebda. saqme imaSia, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi berZnuli enis leqsika, kerZod, terminologiuri leqsikac ganicdida saxecvlilebas, iZenda axal mniSvnelobebs da TandaTan kargavda garkveulobas. amas xels uwyobda terminTa istoriulad SeZenili polisemantizmic, ris gamoc isini Sua saukuneebis TargmanebSi (maT Soris qarTul TargmanebSic) xSirad hendiadisiT gadmoicemoda. hendiadisebis saSualebiT mTargmneli cdilobda daecva zedmiwevniTi sizuste da gadmoeca berZnuli cneba-terminis dafaruli Sinaarsi. garda amisa, hendiadisebi xSirad mTargmnelis interpretaciisa da Taviseburi gaazrebis Sedegsac warmoadgendnen. magram, TandaTan sinonimuri wyvilebis xmareba, SeiZleba iTqvas, trafaretul stilistur xerxad iqca. es metad damaxasiaTebeli stiluri niSania prokle diadoxosisa da gviandeli bizantieli avtorebis enisaTvis. efrem mciresa da petriwTan ki, garda zemoT CamoTvlili funqciebisa, maT didi emociur-eqspresiuli datvirTvac aqvT. rac Seexeba sinonimuri morfologiuri mawarmoeblebiT Seqmnil dubletebs, maTze dakvirveba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT avtorTa SemoqmedebiTs Ziebas, maTi muSaobis meTods: rogor sinjaven da amowmeben isini ama Tu im derivaciuli modelis terminologizaciis unars, gamosadegobas, eZieben saukeTeso gamomxatvelobiTi Zalis mqone warmoebebs, iZlevian ramdenime variants, raTa Semdeg garkveuli cnebisaTvis SearCion sabolood dadgenili srulyofili termini, rogorc formis (substantivaciis unaris mqone da, amave dros, mokle), aseve semantikuri gamWvirvalobisa da gansazRvrulobis TvalsazrisiT. am mizniT isini, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, moxerxebulad iyeneben araproduqtiul, arqaul afiqsebs, brunvis formantebs derivaciuli afiqsebis funqciiT, zrdian morfemaTa distribuciul SesaZleblobebs, sxvadasxva fuZeebTan kombinaciis sixSires ise, rom ar arRveven qarTuli sityvawarmoebis istoriulad Camoyalibebul wesebs. aseTi SemoqmedebiTi siTamamis gareSe, enis SesaZleblobaTa maqsimaluri gamoyenebisa da gaSlis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda mecnieruli enis ganviTareba. cnobilia, rom azrobrivi paradigmatikisa da cnebebisa da maTi adekvaturi terminebis sistemuri urTierTdamokidebuleba naTlad vlindeba antonimur dapirispirebebsa da hiponimur (cnebaTa gvarsaxeobriv) ierarqiul mimarTebebSi. adamianis gonebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cnebiTi antinomiebis gamoxatva enas SeuZlia rogorc

leqsikurad, sapirispiro mniSvnelobis fuZeebis (antonimebis), aseve, antonimuri derivaciuli afiqsebisa da nawilakebis saSualebiT. orive es saSualeba farTod gamoiyeneba da qmnis mwyobr sistemur paradigmas TavTavisi ganStoebebiT: leqsikuri antonomebi: samaradiso _

JamisqueSe//odesme; martivi _ Sezavebuli//Sedgmuli; dasabami//daswyisi _ dasasruli; erTi _ mravali; didi _ mcire; arseba _ SemTxueviTi; sinotie _ simele; simurvale _ sigrile; marTganmavloba _ drekiloba; igive _ sxua; midrekadi _ miudrekeli.
TiToeuli am wyvilTagan, amave dros, Sedis sxvadasxva formalur da semantikur paradigmatul rigSi da sxvadasxva semantikur mimarTebebSic:

samaradisooba _ odesmeoba _ erToba _ simravle... arsi _ arseba _ arsebiTi... SemTxueviTi _ arsebiTi _ JamiTi _ suliTi _ cnobiTi... da
sxva. rac Seexeba antonimTa derivaciul tips, igi terminologiur sistemebSi gansakuTrebuli regularobiT xasiaTdeba, da am mxriv arc gelaTis skolis filosofiuri xasiaTis naSromebia gamonaklisi, radganac cnebebis dapirispirebulTa mixedviT diqotomiuri dayofis (`winaaRmdgomobiTi ganwvaleba ejnantivkh diaivresi) dros ukuTqmiTi Sinaarsis afiqsuri warmoeba yvelaze martivi meqanikuri saSualebaa (ityvian vieTnime, viTarmed metyvi da utyvi, mokudavi da ukudavi, sxeuli da usxeulo viTar ariana winaaRmdgomni? (amon. 138, 11-13). am tipis warmoebaSi fuZeTa mixedviT afiqsTa da afiqsoidTa ganawilebas garkveuli kanonzomiereba axasiaTebs. cnebaTa da maTi aRmniSvneli terminebis sistematizacia muSaobis rTul etapebs moicavs. cnebaTa mniSvnelobebis dadgena da maTTvis saxelwodebaTa SerCeva ganyenebulad ar xdeba (an ar unda xdebodes), aramed sxva cnebebTan da maT Sesatyvis terminebTan mimarTebaSi unda zustdebodes. yovel cnebas Tavisi adgili unda hqondes miCenili cnebaTa sistemaSi da am cnebaTa (da Sesabamisad _ maT gamomxatvel terminTa) Soris arsebul kanonzomierebebs unda asaxavdes. rogorc cnobilia, es kanonzomierebani cnebaTa logikur kavSirebs emyareba da cnebaTa iseT klasifikacias gulisxmobs, romelic mniSvnelobaTa gvar-saxeobriv urTierTobebSi vlindeba. rodesac gvarsaxeobiTi cnebebis am ierarqiuli damokidebulebis (hiponimiis) gamoxatva gamWvirvale enobrivi masaliT xdeba, saqme gvaqvs idealur SemTxvevasTan cnebaTa da Sesatyvis terminTa sistematizaciis TvalsazrisiT. swored aseTi sanimuSo SemTxvevaa petriwis mier gvar-saxeobiTi damokidebulebis aRmniSvneli wyvilis _ gevno da ei[do, cnebebis gadmotana erT semantikur velSi Semavali urTierTdamokidebuli wyviliT _ tomi da guari (romelTagan pirveli farTo moculobis hiperonimia, meore ki masSi Semavali viwro moculobis hiponimi), nacvlad qarTul logikur terminologiaSi adre (damaskelis `dialeqtikisa da amoniosis Sromebis TargmanebSi) miRebuli terminebisa _ naTesavi da saxe. saqme isaa, rom arc TviT berZnul terminebSi da arc maTs Zvel qarTul TargmanebSi ar aris daculi (da gaazrebuli) saTanado sistemuroba, romelic idealur SemTxvevaSi erTi jgufis cnebebis erT semantikur velSi Semavali terminebiT asaxvas gulisxmobs. naTesav termins (romelic amave dros, metad gavrcelebuli yofiTi mniSvnelobis sityvaa) ioane petriwi cvlis misi nawilobrivi sinonimiT, sparsulidan adreve nasesxebi tomiT, xolo ei[do-is Zvel qarTul Sesatyviss _ saxe-s cvlis guar terminiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, tom-is1 qveklass warmoadgens. amgvarad, igi axerxebs
1

ix. gelaTis katenebiani biblia: tomi umetes gareSemcvelobiTi ars, ufrois vidre saxeli erisai (A 1108, 38r)

enobrivi masalis saSualebiTac asaxos is ierarqiuli damokidebuleba, romelic am gamosaxatav cnebebs Soris arsebobs, riTic aRwevs idealur sistematurobas gamoxatvis planSi. am mxriv igi aWarbebs sistematizaciis saocari unariT ganTqmul TviT proklesac ki, romelic am SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, tradiciiT iyo SezRuduli. xolo qarTveli filosofosis winaSe, meore mxriv, saxe sityvis polisemantizmis sakiTxic idga, rasac igi SesaniSnavad arTmevs Tavs rogorc am, ise sxva cnebebTan mimarTebaSi (petriwi cdilobs, TiToeuli mniSvnelobisaTvis, romelsac saxe leqsema gadmoscems Zvel qarTulSi, daZebnos calsaxa Sesatyvisebi: ei[do-saTvis _ guari, morfhv-saTvis _ saxe, sch`ma-sTvis _ nakueTi, eijkwvna-sTvis _ xati, paravdeigma-saTvis _ igavi... Tavisi terminologiuri Ziebebis gzaze petriwisaTvis yvelaze mTavari mainc sityvis arsSi wvdoma da am arsis zedmiwevniTi sizustiT gamoxatvaa enobrivi niSniT. igi miiswrafvoda Seeqmna cnebis, sagnisa da movlenis arsis gamomxatveli gamWirvale semantikuri struqturisa da cxadi motivaciis mqone, sworad maorientirebeli terminebi. misi es miswrafeba savsebiT eTanxmeba terminologiuri sityvawarmoebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebs: terminisaTvis upiratesoba eniWeba gamWvirvale Sinagan formas. terminologiaSi sityvawarmoebiTi aqti, garda sakuTriv derivaciuli operaciisa, gulisxmobs cnebis Sinaarsis sityvier gaxsnas. terminisa da cnebis Sesatyvisobis es moTxovna dResac mTavaria terminologiuri sityvawarmoebisas. platonis mier `kratilosSi~ gamoTqmuli azriT, yoveli saxeli unda gamoxatavdes sagnis bunebas1 da, radganac petriwis Rrma rwmeniT `ellinTa enamzeobasa zeda yovelsave Tsi saxeli hrqan, Sesabami Tsisa arsebisa~, amitom misi mizania qarTuli filosofiuri ena Tavisi gamomxatvelobiTi ZaliT gautolos `gonierTa xedvaTa mommarjv elinurs. aqedan modis swored misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi principi terminSemoqmedebisa _ axal cneba-terminTa berZnuli enidan kalkirebis xerxis aqtiuri gamoyeneba. es gamocdili xerxi uzrunvelyofda zust Targmans da filosofiuri teqstis mTargmnels icavda nefsiTi Tu uneblie sakuTari interpretaciebis safrTxisagan. berZnuli terminis qarTulad gadmoRebisas amodiodnen misi Zireuli, pirveladi mniSvnelobidan an konteqstualuri mniSvnelobidan. ase, mag. stoicei`on terminis Zveli qarTuli Sesatyvisi _ wesi, romelic am berZnuli leqsemis pirvelads mniSvnelobas asaxavs da misi Zireuli semantikuri kalkia, (wesis es pirveladi mniSvneloba qarTulSi, Tavis mxriv, daculia hendiadisur kompozitSi wes-rigi da mTis dialeqtebSi; ix. mag., vaJa-fSavela: rigSi viyavi sadame (`aluda qeTel.) an, ix. samarTl. Zegl.: amas brZanebs rigi samarTlisa (somx. samarT., 228,236)), magram garkveviT ver gadmoscems am cnebis specialur filosofiur (`elementi, safuZveli) Sinaarss, radganac sxva mniSvnelobiT daitvirTa. amitom igi Semdgom Secvales aso terminiT, xolo petriwma, Tumca arc es ukanaskneli termini (aso) ukuagdo, magram garkveuli SemTxvevebisaTvis daamkvidra termini kavSiri, rac aSkarad am cnebis miseuli interpretaciis Sedegia da gulisxmobs oTxi elementis, pirvelsawyisTa kavSirs, rac erT mTlianobas qmnis da safuZvlad udevs yovelives raobas. am TvalsazrisiT kavSiri garkveulad wesis

ix. platoni, kratilosi, 396a

sinonimicaa, ramdenadac oTxi elementis, stiqiis garkveuli wes-rigiT SekavSirebas niSnavs. imis mixedviT, Tu polisemanturi berZnuli leqsemis romel mniSvnelobas irCevs mTargmneli, SeiZleba vimsjeloT imaze, Tu rogor gaiazra man es cneba, ra motivi wamoswia win an rogori interpretacia daudo safuZvlad mis qarTul Sesatyviss. ase, mag. kovsmo cnebisaTvis adekvaturi qarTuli terminis Ziebisas ioane petriwi win wamoswevs am berZnuli leqsemis amosaval, Zireul mniSvnelobas _ `aRmkuli, romelSic samyaros Sinaarsi iseve metaforuladaa gaazrebuli, rogorc es Zvel berZnebs esmodaT: `wes-rigi, kanonzomiereba, rac elinTa warmodgeniT mSvenierebisa da Semkobilebis safuZveli iyo. amgvarad, petriwis TargmanSi Cans motivacia, romelic safuZvlad udevs am berZnul termins maSin, rodesac Zvel qarTulSi, Cveulebriv, mis azrobriv-konteqstualur Targmans iZleodnen: sofeli _ `samyaro, qveyana, rac kovsmo-is ZiriTad mniSvnelobad iqca. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom Zveli aRTqmis teqstebis TargmamnebSic ca da qveyana samkauladaa gaazrebuli (kai sunetelevsqhsa oJ oujrano; kai; hJ gh` kai; oJ kovsmo aujtw`n _ da srul iqmnes ca da queyana da yoveli samkauli maTi: dabad. 2,1.). es da msgavsi magaliTebi naTlad warmoaCenen petriwis terminSemoqmedebiTs princips: zusti formaluri SesatyvisiT gadmosces berZnul sityvaSi Cadebuli arsi, anu qarTul sityvaSi xelaxla gaacocxlos da aametyvelos berZnuli logosi. amitomaa, rom misi terminebi xSirad emociurad datvirTuli da eqspresiulia, avlens avtoris metaforul azrovnebas da mis esTetikur damokidebulebas aRsaniSni cnebisa Tu movlenisadmi. ase, mag., misi metaforuli azrovnebis nayofia terminebi: naTxzi (`arsis rigi, `mwkrivi), romlis amosavali mniSvnelobaa `nawnavi: (Sdr. gelaTis biblia: ara moiparsoTo garemos

Sesaxedavi Tavisa Tquenisa, xolo ufrosRa kowoli, romel ars dalala da ars igi naTzeni, viTar-igi daiTxznides elenni, A1108, f. 58 r); naqusi (`naqsovi, aqedan `rigi, mwkrivi), es terminebi prokles
ontologiuri struqturis ZiriTadi cnebis seirav-s `jaWvi, `rigi, `mwkrivi Sesatyvisad aqvs SerCeuli; aseve dakazmva termini (kataskeuvh), romelic xatovnad gadmoscems silogizmis agebis, dasabuTebisaTvis saWiro elementebis Sewyoba-agebis Sinaarss (dakazmva samarTa aRmoCenisaTa), rogorc vxedavT, aseT terminebs gamWvirvale Sinagani forma aqvT. saxeldebisas cnebis Sinaarsis gaTvaliswineba anu terminTa motivirebuli warmoeba Zveli qarTuli sityvaTSemoqmedebisaTvis metad damaxasiaTebeli principia. am principis ganxorcielebas SeiZleba Tvali gavadevnoT aristoteles logikuri terminebis qarTul TargmanebSi, Tumca ki am mecnierebis formaluri xasiaTi TiTqos ar unda iZleodes sababs didi stagirelis mier Seqmnili specialuri terminebis sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciisaTvis. qarTveli mTargmnelebi, cdilobdnen ra am cnebaTa arsSi Cawvdomas, qarTuli Sesatyvisebis Ziebisas, pirvel rigSi, mxedvelobaSi iRebdnen motivacias, romelsac, maTi azriT, mocemul terminSi debdnen aristotele da misi komentatorebi. ase, mag., aristoteles cneba-termins sullogismov ioane petriwi Targmnis formaluri kalkiT _ TanSesityua, iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi imas, rom silogizmi aris garkveul SesityvebaTa, gamonaTqvamTa (msjelobaTa) SeerTeba, anu TanSesityveba, maSin, rodesac efrem mcire iZleva mis azrobriv Targmans _ Semokreba, radganac amodis

silogizmis gansazRvrebidan: silogizmi Semokrebilia orTa WeSmaritTa winadadebaTagan da Sesrulebisa (ix. `dial., 51,1). silogizmi rom msjelobaTa `Semokrebadaa gaazrebuli, es Cans nemesios emeselis Txzulebis petriwiseuli Targmanis Semdegi adgilidanac: qsenokratiman ese Sesityuva Sekriba (nemes. 26,24). arsen iyalToeli ki (masve misdevs amoniosis mTargmnelic), iZleva aristoteles am terminis Semdegs Sesatyviss: Segulissityua, (gulissityua Zvel qarTulSi niSnavs "zraxva, azri, fiqri"). aristoteles logikuri cneba provtasi ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis efremisa da arseniseul TargmanebSi winadadeba terminiTaa gadmocemuli, iseTive zusti kalkiT, rogorc laTinursa (propositio) da rusulSi (). amonios ermiasis TargmanSi es cneba gadmocemulia SesatyvisiT _ wingansvla, iseve, rogorc rusuli (). nemesios emeselis da prokles petriwiseul TargmanebSi ki misi ekvivalentia pirveldawesebuli da pirvemRebadi. am ukanasknelis motivacia naTeli xdeba amonios ermiasis Txzulebis (Ammonius in Porphirii Isagogen) Semdegi konteqstidan: Boulovmeno gar; dei`xai o[ti hJ yuch; ajqavnato e[labon to; aujtokivneton prw`ton, sumpevran de; to; ajqavnatou... mnebavman Cuenebad, viTarmed ukudav ars suli, miviRe pirvelad TTmoZravi da Sevasrule ukudavi... (S 2562, 167v). egeve konteqsti gvaZlevs sumpevrasma `danaskvi cnebis efremiseuli da arseniseuli gaazrebis gasaRebs. isini am cnebis Sesatyvisad iZlevian termins Sesruleba (pevra, pevra _ bolo, dasaruli, sazRvari, aqedan sumpevrasma (`Sesruleba, dasruleba). sxagvarad aqvs es cneba gaazrebuli petriws. marTalia, igic sumpevrasma-s ganmartavs, rogorc silogizmis dasasruls (xolo dasasrulsa ewodebis smperazma, `ganmarteba, T. 1.), magram, rodesac am terminis qarTul Sesatyviss iZleva, wamoswevs misi sxvagvari gaazrebis SesaZleblobas: zmnidan peravw _ gadasvla _ sumpevrasma `Tangasavali anu gamomdinareoba, gamosavali, ori Tanamdebare msjelobidan. berZnulSi sunda qarTulSi Tanawindebulebi marjvedaa gamoyenebuli am rTuli Sinaarsis elifsuri saSualebiT gadmosacemad erTi terminiT _ Tangasavali (Sdr. rusuli , laT. concludo>conclusio). cnebis analizisa da gaazrebis da misi Sesatyvisi qarTuli terminis SerCevis TvalsazrisiT metad sainteresoa petriwis msjeloba diavnoia cnebasTan dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, sulsa midmoobasa Soris aqus Zali gagonebisa, misi moqmedeba aris ara martivad `goneba anu gagoneba (e.i. intuiciuri, martivi goniTi moqmedeba), aramed rTuli, nabij-nabij, `gzavniTi-gzavnad mimdinare procesia, anu es aris diskursiuli azrovneba, romelic intuiciurisagan gansxvavebiT, erTbamad ki ar moefineba _ rogorc mzis disko da misi sxivebi _ gasagonos (anu Semecnebis sagans), aramed nel-nela, midmogonebis gziT Seimecnebs mas, amitom hrqan mas saxeli Sesafero, romel ars midmogoneba anu midmogagoneba (`ganmarteba~, 6-7). amgvarad, cnebis Sinaarsis zustad gadmocemis yvelaze marjve da sando xerxi iyo semantikuri da formaluri terminologiuri kalkebis Seqmna, risTvisac saWiro iyo qarTulSi berZnulis adekvaturi sityvawarmoebiTi saSualebebis moZieba da gamoyeneba. ase, berZnuli windebuliani kompoziciis yalibis mixedviT farTod iqna gamoyenebuli da gavrcelebuli qarTuli zmnisarTebisa da Tandebulebis saderivacio SesaZleblobani da Seiqmna metad produqtiuli, marjve yalibebi

prefiqsuli wina-, gare-, ukun-, zesT-, que-, Tana- Soris; da sufiqsuri: mieri, -Sorisi, -gamo, -mimarTi, -ebrivi afiqsoidebiT nawarmoebi terminebisa, romlebic Seesatyvisebian berZnul pro-, ejpi-, uJper-, uJpo-, ejn-, prov- ... windebuliani warmoebis formebs: winadadeba, winamdebare,

quemdebare, zesTsruli, zedSemosruli, Tanmeqone, Tandebuli, winaaRmdgomi, winaaRrCeva, ukunqceva, gareSeuwereli, gareSemosazRvrebuli, SorismdebareobiTi, Sinaganmdebare (sityua), myofTagani, aristotelisgamoni, Jamis-Sorisi, sitsmieri, rasamimarTi, rasaSinaoba, sxeulebrivi da sxva.
aseve terminologiuri sityvawarmoebisaTvis metad marjve da produqtiuli aRmoCnda berZnuli aujtov nacvalsaxeliani modelis qarTuli TT nacvalsaxeliani Sesatyvisi modeliT gadmocema: TTZali, TTmimdreki, TTmoZraobiTi, TTmyofi, TTguamovani da sxva. xolo, rac Seexeba sxvadasxva saxis kompozitebs (Serwymul saxelebs, atributulmsazRvrelian Tu marTulmsazRvrelian kompozit-terminebs), isini, Cveulebriv, Sesabamisi berZnuli kompoziti terminebis kalkebs warmoadgenen (sworguerdi, ZgidemarTali, wrfelwiri, namdlmyofi, guarmTavari, keTilSezavebuli, erTqmnili, guarmqmneli...). cnebis aRweris elifsur xerxTan erTad, rodesac, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, rTuli cnebiTi Sinaarsis gadmocema erTsityviani (martivi, warmoqmnili an Txzuli) terminiT xerxdeba, ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda orwevra (iSviaTad samwevrac) Sesityvebebi (terminologiuri gamoTqmebi). aseTi Sesityvebebis orive wevri, Cveulebriv, terminia, erTmaneTTan msazRvrel-sazRvrulis urTierTobiT dakavSirebuli (samaradiso arseba,

romelobani asoTani, usaxo nivTi, gonieri guari, marTebiTi midreka, Jamebrivi gansazidi...). ZiriTad terminad (terminul RerZad)
gansakuTrebiT xSirad figurirebs erTi, mizezi, guari, Zali, moqmedeba (ucnauri erTi, uqmneli erTi, uTq erTi, sayovelTao mizezi, usxeulo

mizezi, ukunqceviTi mizezi, bunebiTi Zali, mozardobiTi Zali, mgrZnobelobiTi Zali...).

cxovelobiTi

Zali,

rogorc ukve vTqviT, gelaTis moRvaweTa mTavari mizani iyo qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis Seqmna qarTuli Zireuli da afiqsuri masalis gamoyenebiT, sesxebis Tavidan acilebiT. magram, iSviaTad, rodesac mTargmneli ver poulobda `berZnulis Sedarebuls marTebiTs Sesatyviss, mas es berZnuli termini uTargmnelad, transliteraciiT gadmohqonda, qarTuli dawerilobiT. magram sesxebamde saqme iSviaTad Tu midioda, radganac isini xSirad berZnul terminTan erTad, hendiadisur wyvilSi xmarobdnen axladnawarmoeb qarTul leqsemas an berZnul termins periodulad unacvlebdnen qarTul Sesatyviss, raTa mkiTxvels enaxa, Tu romeli berZnuli terminis badalad iyo gamoyenebuli igi, moexdina misi identifikacia, SesCveoda mis am mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebas. ase, paraleluradaa naxmari berZnuli da misi Sesatyvisi qarTuli terminebi, petriwTan: sira _ naTxzi (an: naTxzi siraisa), emfasi _

magaliTi, praRma _ saqme, onkos _ zuavi, erToba enas, disko _ mzisTuali... tariWisZesTan: skoposi _ gani, protaseo _ wingansvla... an
iqve mocemulia berZnuli terminis axsna qarTuli SesatyvisiT (rac metad damaxasiaTebelia petriwis `ganmartebis stilisaTvis: stqioni, romel ars asoni; smperazma, romel ars Tangasavali; metavatikosad, romel ars midmocvalebiT...). amgvarad, Zvel qarTvel moRvaweebs, sesxebas erCiaT gamoeyenebinaT Tundac iSviaTi, xmarebidan gadasuli, arauzualuri da amitom,

moCvenebiTad `xelovnuri sityvawarmoebiTi saSualebani. ase, mag., rodesac amas axali cnebis gamoxatvis aucilebloba moiTxovda, iyenebdnen Zvel qarTulSi iSviaT, magram mainc gamocdil saSualebas: arabrunebadi sityvebis gasubstantivebas brunebis gziT (arsi, iZrvisi, imarTebisi, Rirsi tipisa). aseT SemTxvevaSi, berZnulSi, rogorc cnobilia, gamoyenebulia arTroni (to; ei[nai, to; ejstiv, to; o[n). qarTuli sityvawarmoebis am SesaZleblobas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad iyenebdnen giorgi mTawmideli da efrem mcirec1. axal cnebaTa Sesatyvisi terminebis sawarmoeblad qarTuli sityvawarmoebis es iSviaTi xerxi farTodaa gamoyenebuli da gaaqtiurebuli gelaTis skolis terminologiur SemoqmedebaSi, gasubstantivebulia da nabrunebi zmnizeda, Tandebuli, nacvalsaxelis brunvisniSniani forma: masi, TTi (romeli iTqumis igid da masad: `ganmarteba, 123,16); TT igi uTTo TTi erTi zesTa dauSTebis: `ganmarteba, 170,27); muna, aqa (muna,

aRmkuli yoveli, daipyres igavTa da igavis igavTa, xolo aqa, ese naxibli diosi, xatTa da xatis xatTa: `ganmarteba, 108,23; aqasa cxorebisa S 1152, 252v); romelsa ara aqus gardasruli, awi da momavali: `ganmarteba, 108,19;), odesme _ `Jamieri, droismieri (aqa ganhyofs samaradisoTa da odesmeTa: `ganmarteba, II, 8);. odesoba _ `drois kategoria (odesobisa queSe aRiyuanebian aTni ese mxoloni zogadobiTni: amon. 20,1). merme _ `momavali (viTarca gardasrulsa da mermesa, eqsoria iqms: `ganmarteba, II, 11) asevea nawarmoebi: zeSTa da dame (`ganmarteba", 53,4); zena, quena (zena da quena orsaxe ars: amon. 151,3; yovelni zenani [Seasmenen] quenaTa: amon. 58,10; sxsa soflisa, ese igi ars, zenasa A(A 1108,99 v); myisi (nu`n) (myisi, viTar uJamo: qalaqisa mimarT: `ganmarteba, 114,21), Sorisi: (`ganmarteba, 95,17); gani, gamo (`ganmarteba, 71,28), yovliTurTi (yovliTurTi gareSeicavs kerZosa A 1108, 35 r) da sxv.
qarTuli enis am gansakuTrebuli Tvisebis Sesaxeb jer kidev ilia WavWavaZe werda erT Tavis statiaSi: `Cvens enaSi ar aris arc erTi sityvis nawili, rom, rogorc saxeli arsebiTi ar ibrunebodes, Tund zmniszeda aiReT, Tund Tandebuli, Tund zedSesruli, Tund nacvalsaxeli, Tundac TviTon zmnac, roca uRvlilebis formaSia.. Cven ara gvgonia, rom enas warumateblobaSi CamoerTvas, roca sxva sityvebis Caumateblad, marto erTis fleqsiis SemweobiT amisTana saxsars iZleva azris mimoxrisa da gancxadebisaTvis.2 ilia WavWavaZis es sityvebi SeiZleba gavavrceloT Zvel qarTvel moRvaweTa mTel sityvaTSemoqmedebaze: `azris mimoxrisa da gancxadebisaTvis filosofiur enas esaWiroeboda swored aseTi Tavisufleba axal filosofiur cnebaTa Sesatyvisi terminebis sawarmoeblad. amgvarad, gelaTis skolis moRvaweTa mier Seqmnili terminologiuri sistema eyrdnoba istoriulad SemuSavebul da Camoyalibebul qarTuli sityvawarmoebis wesebsa da modelebs, qarTul Zireulsa da afiqsur masalas. qvemoT vnaxavT, rom saWiroebis mixedviT gaaqtiurebulia garkveuli modelebi da calkeuli morfemebi, romlebic yofiTs enaSi naklebi sixSiriT gamoiyeneba (arqauli, dialeqturi, saerTod, naklebad produ qtiuli modelebi da afiqsebi), gazrdilia morfemaTa distribuciuli SesaZleblobani, iqmneba maTi kombinaciebi axal-axal
d. meliqiSvili, sityvawarmoebis saerTo saSualebani efrem mcirisa da ioane petriwis enaSi, Tsu Sromebi, 67. 1974, (#151-152) gv. 120 2 ilia WavWavaZe, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, t. V, Tb. 1927, gv. 95-96.
1

ZirebTan. enis SesaZleblobebis gamovlenisaTvis aseTi Tamami SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gareSe, rogorc araerTxel aRgviniSnavs, SeuZlebelia mecnieruli enisa da Sesabamisad _ TviT mecnierebis ganviTarebac. aseTi gziT axladnawarmoeb terminebs Tavdapirvelad, SesaZlebelia, uCveulobisa da xelovnurobis ieric dahkravdes, magram, rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, droTa ganmavlobaSi isini SeeTvisebian enis qsovils, ena gaiTavisebs maT, Tu Sesabamisi mecniereba ganagrZobs ganviTarebas da STamomavlobas eqneba saTanado pirobebi imisaTvis, rom SesZlos am memkvidreobis aTviseba. damowmebuli teqstebi da Semoklebani: saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutes fondebis xelnawerebi: A 1108, Q 1152 - gelaTis katenebiani bilbia, XII-XII ss. S 2562 amonios ermiasis `mosaxsenebelni~: `xuTTa xmaTadmi porfirisaTa~ da `aTTa katiRoriaTadmi aristotelisaTa~ A 52 Teofilaqte wminidisa mTavarebiskoposisa vulRariaisai, Targmanebai ioannis saxarebisai, XIII s. amon. amonios ermiasis Txzulebani qarTul mwerlobaSi, teqstebi gamosacemad moamzades n. keWaRmaZem da m. rafavam. gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo m. rafavam, Tb., 1983 areopag. petre iberieli, Sromebi, efrem mciris Targmani, gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo s. enuqaSvilma, Tb., 1961 ganmarteba ioane petriwi, Sromebi, t. II, `ganmartebai proklesTvis diadoxosisa...~, teqsti gamosces da gamokvleva daurTes S. nucubiZem da s. yauxCiSvilma, Tb., 1937 dial. ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo m. rafavam, Tb., 1976 nemes. nemesios emeseli, bunebisaTvis kacisa, berZnulidan gadmoRebuli ioane petriwis mier, gamosca s. gorgaZem, Tb., 1914 saq. mociq. saqme mociqulTa, gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo i. abulaZem, Tb. 1950 somx. samarT. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, gamosca i. doliZem, t. I, Tb., 1963