Antenna Theory and Design TE-7003 Miniaturized Printed Circular-Slot UWB Antenna with band notch characteristic by Half-Cutting

Method

Name: Muhammad Usman Siddiq

Roll N0: 12-MS-TE-12

Advisor: Rashid Saleem

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA

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Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................3
1.1 Problem statement .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Background ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 4

2.0 Objectives .........................................................................................................4 3.0 Proposed Technical Approach ...........................................................................5

3.1 Architecture Design ........................................................................................5 3.2 Methodology ................................................................................................6

4.0 Anticipated benefits of proposed antenna ................................................................. 6 5.0 References ............................................................................................................................ 7

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Abstract in this proposal, a printed circular slot UWB antenna is presented with band
rejection characteristic. The size of antenna is minimized by using half cutting method. First a full size antenna will be designed and developed and after that the design parameters will be adjusted according to get the desired VSWR and radiation pattern. Slots will be introduced to the existing design, which will help to achieve the band rejection characteristic in WiMAX (3.3 to 3.8 GHz) band and WLAN (5 to 6 GHz) band. The antenna will be small in size and will fulfill the requirements of FCC (Federal Communication Commission).

1.0 Introduction
One of the challenges for the implementation of UWB system is the development of compact antenna with linear phase characteristics, high radiation efficiency and omni-directional pattern [1]. The antenna designed in the original paper promises the size and radiation pattern. Also the VSWR is adjusted in the half cutting by adjusting the design parameters. The design of a UWB antenna based on the circular slot antenna is studied and investigated. It is found that the lower frequency of the operation band decreases when the antenna is half-cut, so that a smaller size of the antenna is obtained[2].

1.1 Problem statement

The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) allocated 7.5 GHz (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) for UWB indoor applications [3]. There are other systems that are using frequencies which interfere with UWB. These existing systems include in WiMAX (3.3 to 3.8 GHz) band and WLAN (5 to 6 GHz) band. Also the radiations beyond the UWB are to be minimized i.e. 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. In order to overcome these problems possible solutions have been suggested in further discussion.

1.2 Background
In original paper a small size circular slot patch antenna is designed. The antenna or the radiator is circular and the ground plane has a circular slot. At first the antenna is designed and tested for VSWR and gain. To make the size of antenna more compact to be used for UWB application half cutting method is used and the VSWR and impedance matching is done. After the half cutting method is applied the antenna dimensions are furthered cut to half and design parameters are adjusted accordingly. The measure and simulated results show some difference which are due to fabrication error etc. Also the time domain characteristics show very promising results.
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1.3 Literature Review

The UWB communication systems use the 3.1-10.6 GHz frequency band. But there are some other existing systems that already occupy frequencies in the UWB band such as the C-band Satellite communication systems and wireless local-area network (WLAN) and WIMAX. Therefore, UWB communication systems may cause unwanted interference with other co-existing communication systems. In this research paper no measures are taken to avoid the overlapping of existing system with the UWB. The WLAN and WIMAX can cause interference with UWB signal. Which are difficult to recover and also it is recommended by FCC to avoid the overlapping of systems with each other. A dual notch is needed for WLAN and WIMAX. According to FCC the frequency radiation beyond UWB band is to be eliminated or to be reduced. No protection has been used to stop radiation beyond UWB i.e. 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.The antenna design should meet the requirements of FFC to be used for commercial purpose but the design presented in this paper doesnt meet the criteria The simulated and measured result is different because of fabrication and numerical errors. As the size of antenna is decreased the size of the slots and radiator is also decreased which cause complexities in fabrication.

2.0 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this proposal is to design an antenna with band notches. This will stop the radiation in the WiMAX and WLAN bands. WiMAX and WLAN causes interference with UWB cause reception problems of the original signal, delay, overlapping of signals and increase BER in case of digital systems. To avoid this band notch in WiMAX band and WLAN band is desirable. A generic band notch filter is shown in Fig 1. The band notch is a filter which suppresses the desired band of frequencies and allows others to pass.

Figure 1

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3.0 PROPOSED TECHNICAL APPROACH

The Band notches in the WiMAX and WLAN bands are to be provided. . The most popular and easiest technique is to embed a U, C, V-slot in the radiator or ground plane. However, most of these designs have only single band notch characteristic because, either the space occupied by these slots or slit is very large or notch bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz band. The main problem of the frequency rejected design is the difficulty of controlling the width of the notch band within a limited space. Therefore, obtaining an efficient band-notched characteristic is a challenging issue and is difficult to implement. A few papers address the dual or multiple band notch design [4, 5]. It has to be noted that most of the presented works focus on the rejection of a single band within the 4.9 to 5.9 GHz. These works have paid no attention to the FCC recommendation that the radiation from the UWB transmitters should be eliminated or reduced outside the specified 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band [6].

3.1 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

So in order to achieve the desired band notches and limiting radiation outside the FCC recommended UWB, slots will be etched in the ground plane and the radiator. The slots in the radiator will provide the WiMAX and WLAN band notches and the slots in the ground plane will limit the radiation outside the UWB. The initial design will be simple circular slot antenna with dual band notch characteristic. After getting the expected results and radiation patters the antenna will be miniaturized by half cutting method and the design parameters will be adjusted accordingly to compensate the half antenna design. The parameters which require the most attention will be VSWR, Band notches and radiation pattern. A typical radiator with slots is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

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3.2 Methodology
The steps that are going to be followed for the completion of this project are depicted in the following flow diagram Figure 3.

Implementation of original antenna in HFSS 13.0

Introduction of slot in ground plane and radiator to achieve Band Notching

Application of half cutting method

Simulation and design analysis after application of the alteration

Design adjustments for desired results

Figure 3

4.0 Anticipated benefits of proposed antenna

If the proposed design works ccordingly it will provide a small size antenna with dual band notch characteristics, which can be used for commercial applications and will fulfill the requirements of FCC.
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6.0 References
[1] Lim, G., Z. Wang, C.-U. Lei, Y. Wang, and K. L. Man, \Ultra wideband antenna Past and present," IANGE International Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 37, No. 3, IJCS 37 3 12, 2002.

[2] Design of a Miniaturization Printed Circular-Slot UWB Antenna by the Half-Cutting Method Guo-Ping Gao, Bin Hu, and Jin-Sheng Zhang, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 12, 2013

[3] Federal Communications Commission, \FCC report on ultra wideband technology," Washington, D.C., 2002 [4] Zaker, R., C. Ghobadi, and J. Nouronia, \Bandwidth enhancement of novel compact single and dual band-notched printed monopole antenna with a pair of L shaped slots," IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 12, 3978{3983, 2009.

[5] Li, W. T., X. W. Shi, and Y. Q. Hei, \Novel planar monopole antenna with triple band notched characteristics," IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 8, 1094{1098, 2009. [6] Bialkowski, M. E. and A. M. Abbosh, \Design of UWB planar antenna with improved cut-o at the out of band frequencies," IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 7, 408{410, 2008.

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