ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT KINDS OF TEXT

WRITTEN BY STEVANIA JUNITASARI 9B

DHARMA PUTRA JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TANGERANG 2012

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
DEFINITION
Text or speech that is meant to give a verbal picture of an object, character, location, or event. Description is considered one of the four traditional forms of composition (along with exposition, narration, and persuasion)

PURPOSE
Description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: describe a special place and explain why it is special describe the most important person in your life describe the animal's habitat in your report Descriptive writing is usually used to help a writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
Identification : identifying the phenomenon to be described. Description : describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

LANGUAGE FEATURES
Using attributive and identifying process. Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group. Using simple present tense

EXAMPLE

CLEOPATRA One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became queen of Egypt in 51 B.C. at the age of eighteen. She was a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. When she was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years later she met Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by suicide in 30 B.C. Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her breathtaking beauty but also for her great intellect. She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes. Her skin was in fact an olive shade, darker than Hollywood actress Liz Taylor who pot rayed her in the film 'Cleopatra' in 1963. She had medium dark brown hair, about to the middle of her shoulder blades. She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous woman. Cleopatra was a woman of remarkable poise and unusual intelligence. She was highly educated. She spoke proficiently in nine languages and also skilled in mathematics. She is often considered to be a stunning seductress though she was studying to be a nun. Cleopatra was a very intelligent queen and a politician with a great charisma.

REPORT TEXT
DEFINITION
A non-chronological text written to describe or classify. The text often begins with a general classification, moving to a description of particular characteristics with a final summary. It is often written in the continuous present tense with generalized participants (people, cats, buildings)

PURPOSE
Describe the way things are such as a man-made thing, animals, and plants.

GENERIC STRUCTURE General classification : Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general Description : Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part, customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials.

LANGUAGE FEATURES Introducing group or general aspect Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc Using simple present tense

EXAMPLE

TYRANNOSAURUS - REX Tyrannosaurus rex, sometimes just called T-rex, is believed to be the largest and most fearsome predator on Earth's land ever to have existed. This dinosaur once lived in the Cretaceous period approximately 68 to 65 million years ago. The T-rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in open forests with nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were mild. Tyrannosaurus rex was up to 40 feet (12.4 m) long, about 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6 m) tall. The arms were only about 3 feet (1 m) long. Tyrannosaurus rex was roughly 5 to 7 tons in weight. As a carnivorous dinosaur, this giant predator most likely ambushed their prey, and devoured them with jaws full of white sharp teeth. With it's fast ability to run at an astonishing speed of 32 mph (50 kmh), a perfect slim and stiff tail that gave it an excellent balance and allowed it to make quick turns, equipped this gigantic predator and made it even more deadly, like a killing machine.

RECOUNT TEXT
DEFINITION
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative.

PURPOSE
Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
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Orientation : Introducing the participant, place and time Events : Describing series of event that happened in the past Reorientation : it is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

LANGUAGE FUTURES Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc Using chronological connection; then, first, etc Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc Using action verb; look, go, change, etc Using simple past tense

EXAMPLE

Mr. Richards family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way. On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel. The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food. The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

NARRATIVE TEXT
DEFINITION
Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction / nonfiction / tales / folktales/ fables / myths /epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

PURPOSE
The basic purpose of narrative is to entertain, to gain and hold a readers' interest. However narratives can also be written to teach or inform, to change attitudes / social opinions e.g. soap operas and television dramas that are used to raise topical issues. Narratives sequence people/characters in time and place but differ from recounts in that through the sequencing, the stories set up one or more problems, which must eventually find a way to be resolved. The common structure or basic plan of narrative text is known as the "story grammar." Although there are numerous variations of the story grammar, the typical elements are: Setting - when and where the story occurs. Characters - the most important people or players in the story. Initiating even t- an action or occurrence that establishes a problem and/or goal. Conflict/goal- the focal point around which the whole story is organized. Events - one or more attempts by the main character(s) to achieve the goal or solve the problem. Resolution - the outcome of the attempts to achieve the goal or solve the problem. Theme - the main idea or moral of the story. The graphic representation of these story grammar elements is called a story map. The exact form and complexity of a map depends, of course, upon the unique structure of each narrative and the personal preference of the teacher constructing the map.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

LANGUGE FEATURES
Using processes verbs Using temporal conjunction Using Simple Past Tense

EXAMPLE GOLDEN EGGS

Long time ago a remote village, in central China was inhabited mainly with farmers and hunters. One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock to flood. He prayed hard to God for help or his family would die of starvation. Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house took pity on him. He gave him a goose and said I dont have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose will help you to ease your hardship. A week later to almost surprise the farmer found and egg in his yard. This was no ordinary egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome with joy. Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had forgotten his earlier hardship. He became lazy, arrogant and spendthrift. Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of golden eggs inside its stomach. Though he very much regretted for his foolishness, its already too late.

PROCEDURE TEXT
DEFINITION
Procedure is a specified series of actions or operations which have to be executed in the same manner in order to always obtain the same result under the same circumstances (for example, emergency procedures). Less precisely speaking, this word can indicate a sequence of tasks, steps, decisions, calculations and processes, that when undertaken in the sequence laid down produces the described result, product or outcome. A procedure usually induces a change. It is in the scientific method.

PURPOSE
To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions. STRUCTURE Goal Materials needed Methods or steps LANGUAGE FUTURES Use of imperatives Use of action Verbs Use of connectives Use of adverbial phrases

EXAMPLE HOW TO MAKE TOMATO SOUP To make a bowl of tomato soup, you must prepare all ingredients below:

4 large tomatoes spices 1 small onion teaspoon of salt 8 cups of water teaspoon of pepper small clove garlic teaspoon of butter

Here are the steps to make a bowl of tomato soup:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces. Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes. Add water, spices, salt and pepper. Heat until the water boils. Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.