Box Culvert

Hydraulic Structures Box Culverts Printed: May 27, 2011
1

Box Culverts
Design Example
Design a reinforced concrete box culvert under a drain for the following data:
Properties of the drain:
1 2
300 , 8 , 15 , 3.5 ,
side slopes 2 :1 , 75 and bed level 201
n
Q cumec W m W m d m
H V b m m
= = = =
= = =

Properties of channel:
1 1
1
60 , 30 , side slopes 2 :1 , water table in the region 200 ,
2 , 5.5 , 3.5 , freeboard above channel water surface 0.4 .
b b
Q cumec b m H V m
d m h m f m m
= = = =
= = = =

Bed reduced level (B.R.L.) = 200 m
3
2.4 /
c
T m =
Design the same transition type for both inlet and outlet. Draw the details of your design.

Figure 1: Profile of the box culvert.

2

Solution
Drain waterway
For the drain check the waterway
min
4.83
4.83 300 83.65
P Q
m
=
= =

Applied wetted parameter ( )
2
2
.
75 2 3.5 3.5 2
90.65 83.65 O.K.
app
P
m m
= + +
= >

Channel waterway
For the channel,

( )
60
0.8823
30 2 2 2
V m s = =
+

Maximum channel fluming is 40%, 0.4 30 12 take 12.05 m m =
Let the channel waterway be reduced from 30 m to 12.05 m.
Take 4 vents 2.75 1.9 each m

Figure 2: Box culvert vents.

60
2.87 3 OK
4 2.75 1.9
V m s m s = = <

2.87
0.66 1 OK
9.81 1.9
r
F = = <

Length of expansion
30 12.05
3 26.925
2
m
= =
Length of contraction
30 12.05
2 17.95
2
m
= =

1.9 m 2.75 m
12.75 m
12.05 m
3

Pucca Floor
Length of u.s. pucca floor
17.95
8.975 say 9
2
m m = =
Length of u.s. pucca floor
3
26.925 20.20
4
m = =
Design of Transitions
a. Expansion transition
( )
30 , 12.05 , 26.925
c f f
x
f c c f
c f f
B B L
B
L B x B B
B m B m L m
=

= = =

542.2
45
x
B
x
=

x (m) 0 5 10 15 20 26.925
B
x
(m) 12.05 13.56 15.49 18.07 21.69 30.00

b. Contraction transition
30 , 12.05 , 17.95
c f f
B m B m L m = = =
361.49
30
x
B
x
=

x (m) 0 5 10 15 17.95
B
x
(m) 12.05 14.46 18.07 24.10 30.00
Uplift Pressures
a. Seepage pressure
Seepage head ( ) 201 3.5 200 4.5m = + =
Total seepage path ( ) ( )
1
3
0.98 2 1.9 0.35 0.35 1 33.95 20.2 22.61m = + + + + + =
Depth of earth at inside edge 0.6 75 0.005 0.98m = + =
1. At bottom of barrels
1.96 2.6 4.56
4.5
18.05 3.59
22.61
L
h m
= + =
= =

Uplift at the base of the barrels
2
2
3.59 2.58 6.17
say 6.2
t m
t m
= + =
2. At d.s. end of barrels
4.5
6.73 1.34
22.61
h m = =
4

3. At 5 m from d.s. end of floor
4.5 5
0.33
22.61 3
h m
| |
= =
|
\ .

4.5 10
0.66
22.61 3
h m
| |
= =
|
\ .

4.5 15
0.99
22.61 3
h m
| |
= =
|
\ .

Figure 3: Seepage head at different points under the pucca floor.
b. Static head
1. At bottom of barrels floor
Elevation of bottom of barrels floor ( ) 201 0.98 0.35 1.9 0.35 197.4m = + + =
Static head 200 197.4 2.58m = =
Weight of earth, water and concrete ( ) 3.5 00.98 2 0.35 0.35 2.4
0.35 1.9 5 2.4
12.75
7.76 of water 6.2 O.K. m m
= + + +

+
= >

2. At d.s. end of barrels
El. of end of barrels ( ) ( ) 201 0.6 0.35 1.9 75 33.95 0.005
197.61m
= + + + (

=

Assume floor thickness 3.0m
El. of lower point 197.61 3 194.61m = =
Static head 200 194.61 5.39 = =
Total head 1.33 5.39 6.72m = + =
5

Min. floor thickness
6.72
3.05
2.2
m = = this is larger than the assumed 3.0 m,
Assume thickness 3.1m = , therefore,
El. of lower point 197.61 3.1 194.51m = =
Static head 200 194.51 5.49m = =
Total head 5.49 1.33 6.82m = + =
6.82
3.1 assumed thickness O.K.
2.2
m = = =

3. At 5 m from d.s. end of pucca floor
Assume thickness 2.5m =
Static head 200 195.11 4.895m = =
Total head 4.895 0.33 5.22m = + =
5.22
2.37
2.2
m = = , this is smaller than the assumed 2.5 m thickness,
Static head 200 195.31 4.69m = =
Total head 4.69 0.33 5.02m = + =
5.02
2.28 2.3 O.K.
2.2
m m = = <
Static head 200 195.11 4.895m = =
Total head 4.895 0.66 5.55m = + =
5.55
2.52 2.5 not O.K.
2.2
m m = = >
Static head 200 195.01 4.99m = =
Total head 4.99 0.66 5.65m = + =
5.65
2.57 2.6 O.K.
2.2
m m = = <
Static head 200 194.61 5.39m = =
Total head 5.39 0.99 6.38m = + =
6

6.38
2.9 3.0 not O.K., revise
2.2
m m = = <
Static head 200 194.71 5.29m = =
Total head 5.29 0.99 6.28m = + =
6.28
2.85 2.9 O.K.
2.2
m m = = <

Figure 4: Floor thickness at different points.
Upstream pucca floor
Length of seepage path ( ) ( )
1
3
0.6 2 0.35 1.9 0.35 1 23.55 9
14.65m
= + + + + +
=

Seepage head 204.5 200 4.5m = =
1. U.S. end of barrels
23.55
0.6 2 2.6 11.65
3
4.5
3 0.92
14.65
L m
h
= + + =
= =

Assume thickness = 0.8 m
Total head 0.8 0.92 1.72m = + =
1.72
0.78 0.8 O.K.
2.2
m m = = <
2. At 5 m from u.s. end of floor
4.5 5
0.51
14.65 3
h m = =
Assume floor thickness = 0.6 m
Total head 0.6 0.51 1.11m = + =
1.11
0.505 0.6 O.K.
2.2
m m = = <

7

PROFILE

PLAN
Figure 5: Box culvert details.

8

Structural Design
Number of barrels = 4
Size of barrels = 2.75 m1.9 m
Bank level = 205.5 m
Drain high flood level = 204.5 m

Uplift at base of barrel = 6.2 t/m
2
Unit weight of dry earth = 1.6 t/m
3
Unit weight of saturated earth = 2.0 t/m
3
Unit weight of submerged earth = 1.0 t/m
3
Angle of internal friction in all conditions = 30
Depth of earth cover = 5.5 m

Figure 6: A cross-section of the proposed box culvert. Dimensions are in meters.
Design
Depth of dry earth cover 205.5 204.5 1m = =
Depth of saturated earth 204.5 200 4.5m = =
Weight of dry and saturated earth ( )
3
1 1.6 4.5 2 10.6t m = + =
Weight of top slab
2
0.35 2.4 0.84t m = =
Weight on top slab including its own weight
2
10.6 0.84 11.44t m = + =
Weight of barrels per meter length ( ) 12.75 2 5 1.9 0.35 2.4 29.4t m = + =
Total dead load/meter of barrels 29.48 10.6 12.75 164.55t m = + =
Uplift/meter length 6.2 12.75 79.05t m = =
9

Net vertical load acting on foundation 164.55 79.05 85.5t m = =
Pressure on foundation soil
2
85.5
6.70
12.75
t m = =
Pressure acting on the base slab= soil reaction + uplift
2
6.7 6.2 12.9t m = + =
Net upward pressure on the base slab
2
2
12.9 0.84 12.06
say 12.1
t m
t m
= =
Earth Pressure
1 sin30 1
1 sin30 3
p
C

= =
+

Pressure at point (a) ( ) ( )
2
1 204.5 199.825 204.5 199.825 6.770
p d p s w
C C t m = + + =
Pressure at point (n)
2
1
6.77 1 2.25 1 2.25 9.77
3
t m = + + =

Figure 7: Loading on the culvert barrels.
Distribution Factors
At joints a, e, f and n
For ab, mn, ed and fg, distribution factor
2.25 2.25
0.42
2.25 3.1 5.35
= = =
+

For an, ef, distribution factor
3.1
0.58
5.35
= =
At joints b, c, d, g, h and m
For ba 2.25 3.1 3.1 6.975, D.F. 0.3
3.1
I I
= = =
For bc 2.25 3.1 3.1 6.975, D.F. 0.3
3.1
I I
= = =
For bm 2.25 3.1 3.1 9.61, D.F. 0.4
2.25
I I
= = =
10

Fixing Moments
( )
( )
2
2
11.44 3.1
9.16
12
12.1 3.1
9.69
12
F
ab
F
nm
M t m
M t m
= =
= =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
6.77 2.25 3 2.25
2.86 0.506 3.37
12 30
6.77 2.25 3 2.25
2.86 0.76 3.62
12 20
F
an
F
na
M t m
M t m
= + = + =
= + = + =

Figure 8: Fixed end moments in tm.
Table 1: Finding moments using moment distribution method.
Joint m n a b c h
Member mh mb mn nm na an ab ba bm bc cb hm
D.F. 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.42 0.58 0.58 0.42 0.3 0.4 0.3

F.E.M. 9.69 - -9.69 9.69 -3.62 3.37 -9.16 9.16 - -9.16 9.16 -9.69
Balance

-2.549 -3.521 3.358 2.432

C.O.

-1.275

1.679 -1.760

1.216

Balance 0.382 0.510 0.382 -0.705 -0.974 1.021 0.739 -0.365 -0.486 -0.365

C.O.

-0.243 -0.353 0.191 0.510 -0.487 -0.182 0.370 0.255

-0.182 0.191
Balance 0.179 0.238 0.179 -0.295 -0.407 0.388 0.281 -0.187 -0.250 -0.187

C.O.

-0.125 -0.147 0.089 0.194 -0.203 -0.094 0.141 0.119

-0.094 0.089
Balance 0.082 0.109 0.082 -0.119 -0.164 0.172 0.125 -0.078 -0.104 -0.078

C.O.

-0.052 -0.060 0.041 0.086 -0.082 -0.039 0.062 0.054

-0.039 0.041
Balance 0.033 0.045 0.033 -0.053 -0.074 0.070 0.051 -0.035 -0.047 -0.035

Moment 10.37 0.48 -10.85 6.29 -6.29 5.85 -5.85 10.28 -0.46 -9.83 8.84 -9.37

11

Figure 9: Design centerline moments in tm.
Design Moments
Span ab, de
At face: Sagging moment
2
11.44 3.1 11.44 0.17
0.17 2.84
2 2
t m

= =
Fixing moment ( )
2.93
5.85 10.28 5.85 10.04
3.1
t m = + =

Net fixing moment 10.01 2.84 7.2t m = =
At centre: Sagging moment
2
11.44 3.1
13.74
8
t m
= =
Fixing moment
5.85 10.28
8.065
2
t m
+
= =
Net sagging moment 13.74 8.065 5.68t m = =

Span bc, cd
2
11.44 3.1 11.44 0.17
0.17 2.84
2 2
t m

= =
Fixing moment ( )
2.93
8.84 9.82 8.84 9.77
3.1
t m = + =

2
11.44 3.1
13.74
8
t m
= =
Fixing moment
9.82 8.84
9.33
2
t m
+
= =
12

Span nm, gf
2
12.1 3.1 12.1 0.17
0.17 3.02
2 2
t m

= =
Fixing moment ( )
2.93
6.29 10.85 6.29 10.6
3.1
t m = + =

2
12.1 3.1
14.54
8
t m
= =
Fixing moment
10.85 6.29
8.57
2
t m
+
= =
Span mh, hg
At face: Sagging moment 3.02t m =
Fixing moment ( )
2.93
9.37 10.37 9.37 10.32
3.1
t m = + =

At centre: Sagging moment14.54t m
Fixing moment
9.37 10.37
9.87
2
t m
+
= =
Span an, ef

a. Due to rectangular portion

2
6.77 2.25 6.77 0.17
0.17 1.197
2 2
t m

= =
b. Due to triangular portion

3 2.25 2
2.25 2.25
2 3
3 2.25
3
n
n
R
R
=

Sagging moment
2
3 2.25 2.77 0.17
0.17 0.343
3 2
t m

= =
Total sagging moment1.197 0.343 1.54t m + =
13

Fixing moment ( )
2.08
5.85 6.29 5.85 6.26
2.25
t m = + =

At centre: Sagging moment14.54t m
a. Due to rectangular portion
6.77 2.25
4.28
8
t m
=
b. Due to triangular portion

3 2.25 2.25 1.5 1.13 1.13
0.95
6 2 2 3
t m

= =

Total sagging moment 4.28 0.95 5.23t m = + =
Fixing moment at centre
5.85 6.29
6.07
2
t m
+
= =

Reinforcement
Use thickness of slab= 35 cm
32.5
e
d cm =
Span ab, bc, cd, de
At face (-ve steel)
5
2
6
7
7.2 10
21.54
1200 32.5
t
A cm
= =

Use 16 mm bars,
2
2
s
A cm =
Spacing
100
9.3
21.54 2
cm = =
Use 16 mm bars @ 9 cm c/c
At centre (+ve steel)
5
2
6
7
5.68 10
16.99
1200 32.5
t
A cm
= =

Spacing
100
11.77
16.99 2
cm = =
14

Use 16 mm bars @ 11.5 cm c/c
Refer to Table 2 for the reinforcement of the rest of the members.
Table 2: Steel Reinforcement.
Member
Fixing moment tm
(-ve moment)
Sagging moment tm
(+ve moment)
ab,de
7.20
16 mm bars @ 9 cm c/c
5.68
16 mm bars @ 11.5 cm c/c
bc, cd
6.93
4.41
nm, gf
7.58
5.97
mh, hg
7.30
4.67
an, ef
4.72
-0.84
bm, dg
0.48
-0.47

Maximum moment 7.58t m =

5
7.58 10
28.74 32.5 O.K.
100 9.18
d cm cm
= = <

Box Culvert

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Box Culvert

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydraulic Structures Box Culverts Printed: May 27, 2011

You might also like