CONTENTS

PART 1

(SPECIFICATION)
Chapter No. Particulars SECTION A-B I!"IN#S 1. EXCAVATION 1.1 1.2 2. Clearance and dressing of site Excavations of foundations. 1-5 1 2 (-() ( , 1/ 1/ 12 112 1( 225 --2 -) -, 2/ 22 2( 2) (2 (,-)(, )1 )2 )1 Page No.

!I"#IN$ %ATE&IA"' 2.1 2.2 2.2.-.1 2.-.2 2.-.2.2 2.5 Carriage and stac*ing of +aterials. uilding stone. uilding .ric*s. Co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s. 1eav0 dut0 .urnt cla0 .ric*s. 'un-dried .ric*s. 'teel Ti+.er

2.5.A. 3l04ood 2.( 2.) 2., 2.,.A 2.5 2.1/ 2.11 2.12 2.12.12 -. "i+e Ce+ent 'and #eter+ination of grading 'ur*6i Cinder aggregates for use in li+e concrete. Aggregates for ce+ent concrete. 7an*ar uilder8s 6ard4are 3aints

%O&TA&' -.1 -.2 -.-.2 "i+e +ortar. Co+9osite +ortar Ce+ent +ortar %ud +ortar.

Chapter No. 2. 3"A'TE&IN$. 2.1 2.2 2.2.2 2.5 2.( 2.) 5.

Particulars

Page No. )2 )2 ,1 ,,5 ,) 5/ 52 52-1

$eneral s9ecifications. "i+e 9laster. Ce+ent 9laster : ce+ent li+e 9laster. &oug6 cast 9laster. Arais6 3lastering 4it6 $09su+ 9laster. 3ointing.

CONC&ETE 5.1 5.2 5."i+e concrete for foundation of .uildings. 3lain ce+ent concrete. &einforced ce+ent concrete.

(.

%A'ON&; (.1 (.2 (.2.1 (.2.2 (.2.(.2.2 (.2.5 (.(.2 (.2.1 (.2.2 (.5 (.( (.(.1 (.(.2 A. (.) (.).1 $eneral s9ecification for stone +asonr0. As6lar +asonr0. As6lar fine +asonr0. As6lar roug6 tooled +asonr0 or .loc* in course +asonr0. As6lar 9itc6ed-faced +asonr0. As6lar facing +asonr0. As6lar veneer 4or* <'tone li+ing to .uilding facade=. Coursed &u..le->acing +asonr0. &ando+ &u..le +asonr0. &ando+ &u..le +asonr0 &ando+ &u..le facing <#ecorative ?or*= +asonr0. 'tone 9illar +asonr0. #r0 stone +asonr0. #r0 coursed ru..le facing retaining 4all +asonr0. #r0 rando+ ru..le retaining 4all +asonr0. An Ex9lanator0 Note for dr0 ru..le retaining 4all. Arc6 and #o+e +asonr0. As6lar arc6 and do+e +asonr0. $

111-1 111 11112 11) 11, 12/ 122 12122 12) 1-1 1-5 1-( 1-5 1-5 12/ 121 122

Chapter No. (.).2 (., (.5 (.1/ (.11 ).

Particulars &u..le arc6 +asonr0. ric* 4or*. ric* arc6es. Cavit0 4alls. &einforced ric* ?or*.

Page No. 122 125 12( 125 151 15(-1(5 15(

?OO#-?O&7 ).1 ).2 ?ood 4or* for doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators. ?ood 4or* in roof trusee@ fra+es@ etc.

,.

'TEE"-?O&7 ,.1 ,.2 ,.,.-.1 ,.-.2 ,.-.'tructural steel 4or*. >ixing of +etal doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators. ?elding ?elding-%etal Arc. Ox0-acat0lene 4elding ?elding of reinforce+ent in &.C. 4or*

1((-155 1(( 1)2 1,/ 1,/ 1,( 15/ 15(-215 15( 2/2 2/5 2/5 211 21212 21(-22(

5.

&OO>IN$ 5.1 5.2 5.5.2 5.5 5.( 5.) 'tone sla. roofing. $alvanised corrugated steel s6eet roofing. As.estos ce+ent s6eet roofing Aac* arc6 roofing %angalore tile roofing Countr0 tile roofing. T6atc6 roofing

1/.

>"OO&'. 1/.1 1/.2 1/.1/.2 1/.5 1/.( 1/.) 1/., 1/.5 ase for floors. Ce+ent 9laster over ti+e concrete .ase. Ce+ent concrete flooring. >lag stone flooring. TarraBBo in situ flooring. Ce+ent tile <3ain : TerraBBo= >looring. ric* on edge flooring $ranolit6ic floor finis6 "inoleu+ floor.

21( 21, 215 2222( 2-2-, 22/ 2222)-2)1

11.

?1ITE AN# CO"O!& ?A'1IN$@ 3AINTIN$ AN# OT1E& >INI'1E' %

Chapter No. 11.1 11.2 11.11.2 11.5 11.( 11.) 12. ?6ite 4as6ing Colour 4as6ing #iste+9ering 3ainting. Varnis6ing >renc6 9olis6ing ?ax 9olis6ing

Particulars

Page No. 22) 251 2525( 2(5 2() 2)1 2)2--5/ 2)2 2,-

%I'CE""ANEO!' 12.1 12.2 ar.ed 4ire fencing. %iscellaneous .ric* 4or*@ suc6 as cor.els@ string courses@ 9roCections@ 9ilasters@ a9rons@ frieBes@ fire 9laces@ under 9inning@ fair cutting@ edging@ filleting@ tile .ric* 4or*@ etc. Cutting re.ates@ 6oles@ o9enings@ grooves@ etc in dressed stone 4or*@ concrete and .ric* 4or*. #a+9 9roof course.

12.12.2

2,5 2,) 2,) 2,5 25, -/2 -/, -12 -1( -1) -15 -2-2( -2, --2 --2 --) --5 -25

12.2.1 #a+9 9roof course for 4alls effected .0 rising da+9. 12.2.2 #a+9 9roof coursing 4it6 .itu+en felts. 12.5 12.( 12.) 12., 12.5 12.1/ 12.11 12.12 12.112.12 12.15 12.1( 12.1) 12.1, 12.15 #e+olition and dis+antling. Ex9ansion Coints. Cut stone door and 4indo4 fra+es. &.C.C. door and 4indo4 fra+es. 1old fasts. "at6 and 9laster 9artition. Ti+.er 9artitions. &ain 4ater s9outs. Cut stone stairs. ?ooden stair cases. 'tone 9lint6 <dasa= co9ing@ cornices@ string courses@ etc. 'tone sills@ s6elves@ tands@ srivans@ lintels@ etc. Trellis 4or*. ?all covering. ?ater 9roofing of flat roofs 4it6 .itu+en felts. SECTION B-&O SE "RAINA#E 1-. 'ANITA&; A33"IANCE' '

-51--(5

Chapter No. 1-.1 1-.2 1-.1-.2 1-.5 1-.( 1-.) 1-., 1-.5

Particulars Indian t09e 4ater-closet. Eur9oean t09e 4ater-closet. >lus6ing cistern for 4ater-closet. "i99ed urinal. ?as6 .asins. 'in*s. #raining .oards. at6 tu.s. '6o4ers.

Page No. -51 -5-52 -5( -5, -(/ -(2 -(-(2 -(( -() -(, -(5 -)/-2// -)/ -)( -,/ -,-,( -,5 -51 -5-5) 2/1-212 2/1 211 21--22/ 2121) 215

1-.1/ %irror for 4as6 .asin. 1-.11 To4el rail. 1-.12 $lass s6elf for 4as6 .asin. 1-.1- Toilet 9a9er 6olders. 12. 3I3E' AN# 3I3E >ITTIN$'. 12.1 12.2 12.12.2 12.5 12.( 12.) 12., 12.5 15. 'alt glaBed stone4are 9i9es. Ce+ent concrete 9i9es for 6ouse drainage. $alvanised iron 9i9e. Cast iron 9ressure 9i9es and fittings. Cast iron soil@ 4ater@ vent 9i9es and fittings. Cast iron rain 4ater 9i9e and accessories. As.estos ce+ent .uilding 9i9es and accessories. As.estos ce+ent gutters. "ead 9i9es.

%AN1O"E' AN# $!""; C1A% E&'. 15.1 15.2 %an6oles. &oad $ull0 c6a+.er.

1(

'E3TIC TAN7 AN# 'EE3A$E 3IT. 1(.1 1(.2 1(.'e9tic tan*. 'ee9age 9it. #is9ersion trenc6.

CONTENTS
PART II (E)P!ANATOR* NOTES)
Chapter No. Particulars SECTION A-B I!"IN#S 1. EXCAVATION 1.1 1.2 1.1.2 1.5 1.( 2. -. Ti+.er 'easoning of ti+.er. 'torage of ti+.er. >i.re .uilding .oards ?ooden flus6 door s6utters. loc* oards. 221-222 221 222 22, 225 2-221 22--225 25/-251 25/ 25/ 252-25252-2(/ 2(1-2(2 2(--2)2 2)--2)2 2)5-251 2)5 2), 2,2 251 252-252 255-25( Page No.

>IE"# AN# "A O&ATO&; TE'TIN$ O> !I"#IN$ "I%E. TE'T' >O& 'AN#. -.1 -.2 >ield test to deter+ine .ul*ing of sand. Test for aggregates at site.

2. 5. (. ). ,. 5.

$;3'!% AN# $;3'!% 3"A'TE&. #&E''IN$ O> NAT!&A" !I"#IN$ 'TONE'. CAVIT; ?A""'. ?E"#IN$ $&ANO"IT1IC >"OO& >INI'1 #I'TE%3E&' AN# 3AINT'. 5.1 5.2 5.5.2 #iste+9ers. 3ainting uild u9 of a 9aint s0ste+. >renc6 3olis6.

1/. 11.

#A%3 3&OO> CO!&'IN$ TO !I"#IN$ EX3AN'ION@ CONT&ACTION AN# CON'T&!CTION AOINT' IN CONC&ETE ?O&7. SECTION B-&O SE "RAINA#E

12.

$ENE&A" 3&INCI3"E' >O& #E'I$N O> 1O!'E #&AINA$E. 12.1 '0ste+ of 9lu+.ing. +

25)-5/, 25)

Chapter No. 12.2 12.12.2 12.5 12.( 12.) 1-.

Particulars C6oice of 9lu+.ing s0ste+. 3recautions for one 9i9e s0ste+. 3recautions for 9artiall0 ventilated single stac* s0ste+. "a0out of 9lu+.ing 4or*. 'torage of 4ater. asic reDuire+ent for 4ater su99l0@ drainage and sanitation.

Page No. 25) 25) 25, 25, 255 5/1 5/5-51/ 5/5 5/5 5/5 511-5-1 511 512 515 515 51, 51, 515 52/ 52/

'ANITA&; A33"IANCE' 1-.1 1-.2 1-.?6ite glaBed eart6en4are. Vitreous c6ina sanitar0 4are. 'i96onic 4ater-closets.

12.

3I3E' AN# >ITTIN$'@ AOINTIN$ AN# "A;IN$ O> 3I3E'. 12.1 12.2 12.12.2 12.5 12.( 12.) 12., 12.5 'tone 4are 9i9es. Ce+ent concrete 9i9es. $alvanised iron 9i9es. Cast iron 9i9es. Corrosive action on C.I. 9i9es. As.estos ce+ent 9i9es. As.estos ce+ent 9ressure 9i9es. As.estos ce+ent gutters. "ead 9i9es.

15.

%AN1O"E'@ %AN1O"E COVE&' AN# >&A%E'@ $!""; T&A3'. 15.1 15.2 15.15.2 #efinitions "ocation of %an6oles. 'iBe of %an6ole c6a+.ers. $ull0 Tra9s.

5-2-5-5 5-2 5-2 5-5-2 5-(-52/ 5-( 5-5 521

1(.

'E3TIC TAN7@ 'EE3A$E 3IT AN# #I'3E&'ION T&ENC1. 1(.1 1(.2 'e9tic tan*. 'ee9age 9it and dis9ersion trenc6.

Note E F E&&ATA ,

SPECIFICATIONS
FOR B I!"IN#S

C1A3TE&- 1 - EXCAVATION
1-1 C!EARANCE AN" "RESSIN# OF SITE. 1.1.1 Scope. 1.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od and +ode of +easure+ent of dressing and clearance of site. #ressing E- Tri++ing of natural ground to re+ove vegetation and s+all ineDualities not exceeding 15 c+.de9t6. ClearanceE- T6e re+oval of all +ortal +ills@ tan*s @ stac*s@ s6eds@ ot6ers a99urtenances and 4aste +aterials incidental to 4or*. All loose stones. 4eeds@ .rus64ood@ stu+9s of trees and sa9lings s6all .e gru..ed u9 and re+oved and servicea.le +aterial stac*ed neatl0 so as not to interfere 4it6 t6e construction. All 6oles@ +ade during cleaning s6all .e filled 4ing eart6@ 4ell ra++ed and neatl0 levelled off. If an0 structure @ large trees < $irt6 over -/ c+ at 1// c+ 6eig6t fro+ ground level etc.= are to .e re+oved@ t6e0 s6all not .e included under dressing. All fossils@ coins@ articles of value or antiDuit0 and structures or ot6er re+ains or t6ings of $eological interest discovered on t6e site s6all .e dee+ed to .e a.solute 9ro9ert0 of t6e $overn+ent and t6e contractor s6all ta*e reasona.le 9recautions to 9revents t6e 4or* +en or an0 ot6er 9ersons fro+ re+oving or da+aging an0 suc6 article or t6ings and s6all i++ediatel0 on discover0 t6ereof and .efore re+oval acDuaint t6e Engineer of suc6 discover0 and s6all carr0 out t6e Engineer8s orders as to dis9ose of t6e sa+e. If t6e carr0ing out of suc6 orders involves t6e contractor of an0 extra ex9enses inti+ation of t6e sa+e s6all .e given to t6e Engineer and suc6 4or* s6all .e treated as extra ite+. All +ortal +ills tan*s@ stac*s@ s6eds and ot6er a99urtenances incidental of structural 4or*s s6all .e re+oved and t6e ground levelled off as soon as t6e construction is co+9leted or t6e necessit0 arises. 'urface dressing s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified no se9arate 5

1.1.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

1.1.2.1.

1.1.2.2.

1.1.%.

2etho3 o4 "ressi0g .

1.1.-.1.

1.1.-.2

1.1.'.

Fi03.

1.1.2.1.

1.1.(.

Cleara0ce o4 site.

1.1.5.1.

1.1.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1.1.(.1 1.1.(.2

9a0+ent s6all .e +ade for dressing 4it6 in 1/ +etres distance on all sides of t6e structure. T6is s6all .e dee+ed to .e included in t6e ot6er ite+s of contract. 1.1.(.-. 1.2 1.$.1. Scope . 1.2.1.1. No 9a0+ent s6all .e +ade for t6e clearance of site. EXCAVATION' O> >O!N#ATION' T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for excavation of foundation and t6eir +ode of +easure+ent. Ordinar0 'oil E- $enerall0 an0 +aterial 46ic6 0ields to t6e ordinar0 a99lication of s6ovel li*e turf@ sand@ loa+@ soft s6ale@ +ixture of sand and cla0 or an0 +ixture of t6ese soils. 1ard 'oil E %aterial reDuiring t6e a99lication of 9ic* suc6 as stiff cla0s@ cla0 +ixed 4it6 +ooru+ etc. 'oil %ixed 4it6 .ouldersE- T6is s6all consist of +ooru+ gravel or 6ard cla0 interce9ted 4it6 .oulders not larger t6an -/ c+ cu.e 46ic6 in t6e o9inion of Engineer do not reDuire .lasting and 46ic6 s6all .e re+oved .0 +eans of a 9ic*@ .ar and s6ovel. 'oft &oc*E- disintegrated roc*@ slates@ s6ales@ laterite and ot6er +aterials 46ic6 do not reDuire .lasting in t6e o9tion of t6e Engineer and can .e re+oved 4it6 9ic*@ .ar and s6ovel@ Ordinar0 &oc*E- "i+e stone @ sand stone and suc6 ot6er co+9act roc*s 46ic6 can .e Duarried or s9lit 4it6 cro4vars or 4edges. 1ard &oc* E- < &eDuiring .lasting= It s6all co+9rise of an0 of t6e follo4ing E&oc* li*e granite@ gneiss@ DuartBite or tra9 for t6e excavation of 46ic6 t6e use of +ec6anical 9lant or .lasting is reDuired. 1ard roc* reDuiring .lasting as descri.ed under <i= .ut 46ere .lasting is 9ro6i.ited for an0 reason and excavation 6as to .e carried out .0 c6iselling or an0 ot6er agreed +et6od. T6e centre longitudinal or face line and atleast one +ain cross line s6all .e +ar*ed .0 +eans of s+all 9illars@ .uilt clear of t6e 16

1.$.$.

Scope .

1.2.2.1.

1.2.2.2.

1.2.2.-.

1.2.2.2.

1.2.2.5.

1.2.2.(. <a= <i=

<ii=

1.$.%.

Setti0g out o4 Buil3i0g .

1.2.-.1.

9oints to 46ic6 t6e slo9es or dis9osal of t6e excavation 4ill extend. On eac6 9illar t6ere s6all .e an accurate +ar* to ena.le a t6eodolite to .e set u9 over it for setting out 9ur9ose. T6ese 9illars s6all .e adeDuatel0 9rotected .0 t6e contractor fro+ an0 9ossi.ilit0 of da+age during t6e course of t6e 4or*. T6e cost of construction and 9rotection of t6ese 9illars s6all .e .orne .0 t6e contractor. 1.2.-.2. T6e contractor s6all set out all 4or* s as 9er detailed dra4ings@ also 9rovide all necessar0 la.our@ 9egs@ strings etc. to ena.le t6e Engineer to c6ec* all set out and t6e contractor 4ill rectif0 all errors at 6is o4n ex9ense. T6e existence and location of underground 9rova.le utilities to t6e contractor even if indicated on t6e 9lans@ are not guaranteed. >oundation trenc6es s6all .e accuratel0 excavated to t6e lengt6s@ 4idt6s and de9t6s as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings and s6all .e left 9lu+. 46ere soil 9er+its@ .ut t6e sides +ust .e slo9ed .ac* or s6ored u9 carefull0 46ere soil a99ears li*el0 to cave in t6e .otto+ of t6e trenc6es s6all .e got exa+ined .efore 9lacing concrete and a99roved .0 t6e Engineer in c6arge and t6e 9atc6es of loose ground if found s6all .e treated as extra 4or* and +easured se9aratel0. T6e .otto+ of all excavation s6all .e tri++ed and levelled u9 and s6all .e exa+ined and a99roved .0 t6e Engineer .efore 9lacing foundation concrete. An0 excavation in excess of t6at s6o4n on dra4ing if done .0 t6e contractor 4it6out t6e a99roval of Engineer s6all .e 6is res9onsi.ilit0 and s6all not .e 9aid for. T6is s6all .e filled 4it6 foundation concrete .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense as 9er instruction of t6e Engineer. Excavation in t6e vicinit0 of t6e existing structures and utilities s6all .e carefull0 done .0 6and. T6e contractor s6all .e 6eld res9onsi.le for an0 da+age to and for +aintenance and 9rotection of existing utilities and structures. Excavation in lasting &oc* Elasting s6all .e carried out onl0 46en s9eciall0 9er+itted .0 t6e Engineer. All t6e +ec6anical eDui9+ent of suita.le t09e s6all 11

1.$.'.

2etho3 a03 Fi0ish o4 E7ca8atio0s.

1.2.2.1.

1.2.2.2.

1.2.2.-.

1.2.2.2. <i=

.e 9rovided .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense. <ii= efore carr0ing out t6e .lasting o9eration t6e contractor s6all su.+it@ for a99roval of t6e Engineer@ 6is detailed 9lan and 9rogra++e and s6all ta*e all 9recaution as reDuired under t6e Ex9losive Act. T6e contractor s6all +a*e good at 6is o4n ex9ense an0 da+age t6at +a0 occur due to t6e negligence of t6e contractor or 6is o4n +en. T6e a99roval of 9rogra++e .0 t6e Engineer@ in no 4a0@ s6all relieve t6e contractor of 6is res9onsi.ilities under t6e GEx9losive8s ActG. C6iselling and ?edgingE- ?6en roc* reDuiring .lasting is to .e ta*en out close to anot6er .uilding or 46en .lasting is 9ro6i.ited .0 t6e Engineer@ t6e excavation s6all .e carried out .0 c6iselling@ 4edging or an0 ot6er +et6od a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. 'tac*ing of !seful +aterials E- All t6e useful +aterials o.tained fro+ &oc* excavation s6all .e stac*ed .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense as directed .0 t6e Engineer. No extra 9a0+ent s6all .e +ade for t6is and t6is s6all .e a 9art of t6e ite+ of excavation. Excavation in 4et soilE?6en t6e excavation is .elo4 su.-soil 4ater level it s6all .e classified as 4et excavation. T6e contractor s6all clarif0 fro+ Engineer a.out t6e level fro+ 46ic6 4et excavation co++ences .efore excavation in 4et soil. T6e +ode of t6e .ailing out and dis9osal of 4ater s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore ta*ing u9 suc6 4or*. 3u+9ingE- ?6ere s9rings or su. soil 4ater reDuiring de4atering is li*el0 to .e encountered@ t6e contractor s6all .e reDuired to 9rovide good and sufficient nu+.er of 9u+9s and a99liances to *ee9 t6e excavation clear of 4ater and to 9u+9 out all 4ater t6at +a0 gain ad+ission to t6e 4or* 4it6out an0 regard to t6e source fro+ 46ere it co+es. T6e su+9 6oles s6ould .e onl0 in 9ositions a99roved .0 t6e Engineer and s6all .e arranged suc6 t6at 4ater can .e 9u+9ed clear of sand@ t6e o9eration 1$

<iii=

<iv=

1.2.2.5. <i=

<ii=

<iii=

generall0 .eing so conducted as not to endanger t6e foundation or sta.ilit0 of adCoining structures. !nless stated ot6er4ise t6e 4or* of de4atering s6all .e extra and 9aid over and a.ove t6e rate of excavation. ut no 9a0+ent s6all .e +ade for .ailing out of 4ater caused .0 rains. 1.2.2.(. 3lan*ing and 'truttingE- ?6en it is reDuired to u96old t6e face of loose eart6 9lan*ing and strutting of 9ro9er design s6all .e 9rovided su.Cect to t6e a99roval of t6e Engineer. 3lan*ing and strutting s6all .e suita.l0 constructed and s6all .e of sufficient strengt6 to resist eart6 9ressure and ensure safet0 fro+ sli9@ da+age to 9ro9ert0 or inCur0 to 9erson. T6is s6all include of all necessar0 ti+.er 4or* etc@ including 4ales@ struts and o9en or close 9oling .oards t6eir fixing and su.seDuent re+oval and s6all .e included in t6e ite+ of Excavation unless 9rovided for se9aratel0 in t6e sc6edule of Duantities or is 4arranted and a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ .0 t6e site conditions suc6 as on .us0 roads or 46ere .ailing out 4ater is involved. %ode of +easure+ent ET6e +easure+ent of excavation s6all .e ta*en as t6e area in 9lan of concrete or lo4est >ooting +ulti9lied .0 de9t6 of t6e foundation@ not 4it6standing t6at t6e contractor +a0 find it +ore convenient to ta*e out t6e excavation 4it6 slo9ing sides. T6e +easure+ent s6all .e ta*en in cu.ic +eters in successive stage of 1.5 + de9t6 stating t6e co++encing level. #r0 and 4et excavation s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 for 4or*ing s9ace s6all .e allo4ed unless s9eciall0 +entioned. If Engineer so desires G#ead +enG s6all .e left at suita.le intervals. No allo4ance for for+ing t6ese and re+oval after +easure+ent s6all .e allo4ed. Trenc6es for t6e 9i9es and ca.les s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as descri.ed .elo4 in running +etres 3i9es and ca.les not exceeding )5 ++. dis. 3i9es and ca.les exceeding )5 ++. .ut not exceeding -// ++. dia. 3i9es and ca.les ete. exceeding -// ++. 1%

1.2.2.). <i=

<ii=

<iii=

<a= <.= <c=

dis. <#ia s6all .e internal dia=. T6e trenc6es s6all .e +easured in stages of 1.5 + de9t6 stating t6e average de9t6. >illing and ra++ing <after la0ing 9i9es= and re+oval of s9oil s6all .e included in t6is ite+. <iv= 3lan*ing and strutting if 9aid se9aratel0 s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etre of face su99orted and s6all .e grou9ed according to follo4ing classification. #e9t6 not exceeding 1.5 + #e9t6 exceeding 1.5 + .ut not exceeding +. #e9t6 exceeding - + in stage of - +. ?6ere tig6tl0 driven close .utt Cointed s6eeting is necessar0 as in case of running sand t6e ite+ s6all .e +easured and 9aid se9aratel0 and 9ac*ing of cavities .e6ind s6eeting 4it6 suita.le +aterial s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+. 'tri99ing turf < if carried out as se9arate o9eration or re+oval of to9 soil not exceeding -/ c+ de9t6 and if reused s6all .e +easured in 'D. +etres. 3lan*ing and strutting reDuired to .e left 9er+anentl0 in 9osition s6all .e +easured and 9aid se9aratel0. Excavation in free air and excavation in co+9ressed air s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Excavation in .ul* s6all .e se9arated fro+ excavation in trenc6es.

<a= <.= <c= <v=

<vi=

<vii=

<viii=

<ix=

1'

C&APTER -$- B I!"IN# 2ATERIA!S. $.1. CARRIA#E AN" STAC9IN# OF 2ATERIA!S. $.1.1. Scope . 2.1.1.1 T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding loading trans9ortation@ and stac*ing of various .uilding +aterials and t6eir %ode of %easure+ent. Carriage of +aterials s6all include loading trans9ortation and unloading of +ater %aterial s6all .e loaded carried do4n and unloaded in suc6 a 4a0 as not to cause an0 sort of da+age to +aterials. #a+aged +aterial s6all eit6er .e reCected or t6e cost recovered and no carriage for suc6 +aterials s6all .e 9aid. %aterials s6all .e stac*ed on site or in a store in regular stac*s of s9ecified siBe on a 9re9ared ground unifor+l0 levelled or on a 9latfor+ 9rovided for t6e 9ur9ose. 'tac*ing s6all .e carried out as 9er instruction of t6e Engineer. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified stac*ing of t6e follo4ing +aterials s6all .e carried out in regular stac*s of t6e siBes given .elo4 ETAB!E -I '. No. 1. 2. -. 2. 5. %aterial 'iBe of 'tac* "engt6 readt6 1eig6t in in +. in +. +. 5./ 2./ 5./ 2./ 2./ 2.1.2.2. 2./ 2./ 2./ 2./ 2./ /.(/ /.55 /.(/ ./55 ./(/ Effective 6eig6t of stac* in +etres. /.5/ /.5/ /.5/ /.5/ /.5/ Ca9acit0 in cu+. 5./ 2./ 5./ 2./ 2./

$.$.$.

Carriage o4 2aterials .

2.1.2.1. 2.1.2.2.

$.1.%.

Stac:i0g o4 2aterials .

2.1.-.1.

$.1.'.

Si;e o4 Stac:s .

2.1.2.1.

uilding stone. coarse Aggregate.

All ot6er .uilding +aterials s6all .e stac*ed in a +anner as s9ecified in t6eir res9ective s9ecification. uilding +aterials for 46ic6 +et6od of stac*ing is not s9ecified under t6eir s9ecifications@ stac*ing s6all .e done as 9er instruction of t6e Engineer. >or aggregates and ot6er si+ilar +aterials@ t6e contractor s6all 9rovide suita.le .otto+ less .oxes confor+ing to s9ecified siBes for stac*ing 9ur9oses. 1(

2.1.2.-.

$.1.(.

2o3e o4 /easure/e0t .

2.1.5.1.

Carriage and stac*ing of +aterials s6all .e contracted for .0 4eig6t or .0 volu+e at 7ilo+etre rate. T6e distance accounted for s6all .e t6e s6ortest 9ractica.le route .et4een t6e source and t6e 9lace of storing of +aterial. Carriage and stac*ing of +aterials on fair 4eat6er roads <e.g. eart6en and traffic co+9acted roads = and on all 4eat6er <e.g. ot6er t6an t6ose s9ecified under fair 4eat6er roads = s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Ta.le No. II <given .elo4= s9ecifies t6e units of +easure+ent@ for so+e of t6e co++onl0 used .uilding +aterials. as far as t6eir carriage and stac*ing is concerned E-

2.1.5.2.

TAB!E-II %aterials uilding stone. uilding ric*s. Coarse Aggregate. 7an*ar for 'oling 9ur9ose. 7an*ar for coarse aggregate fine aggregate e.g. 'and@ sur*6i@ cinders. li+e. ce+ent. Ti+.er 'cantlings. 'tone sla. for roofing@ and "intels. >lag stone for flooring and sun s6ade 9ur9ose. $alvanised Iron s6eets and corrugated A.C. '6eets Cast Iron and 'teel. !nit Tonne or Cu+. 3er t6ousand No. Cu+. Tonne or Cu+. Cu+. Cu+. Huintal. Tonne or .0 Cu+. Cu+. Cu+. Huintal or sD. +. Huintal.

1. 2. -. 2. 5. (. ). ,. 5. 1/. 11. 12. 1-.

1+

$.$. B I!"IN# STONE

$.$.1.

Scope

2.2.1.1.

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding s6a9e@ siBe @ texture and colour etc. of a .uilding stone as used in all t09es of +asonr0 4or*. cut stone 4or* and roofing. It also s9ecifies t6e +ode of +easure+ent. T6is s9ecification does not cover t6e stones used for flooring@ lintel@ tands@ and various ot6er 4or*s. T6e structural stones s6all 9ri+aril0 .e <a= 'trong against crus6ing <.= #ura.le <resistant to +oisture and 4eat6ering= <c= $ood in a99earance <clolur= <d= susce9ti.le of .eing Duarried in large siBes. A fres6 fracture of good stone suita.le for structural 4or* s6all .e .rig6t@ clean and s6ar9@ free fro+ loose grains and@ s6all not 6ave an eart60 s+ell. T6e stone s6all .e 6ard dura.le@ free fro+ cleavage and ot6er defects@ 46ic6 4ould adversel0 effect to t6eir strengt6 and a99earance. >or dressing@ stones +a0 .e co+9arativel0 soft@ 0et dura.le@ co+9act grained and 6o+ogeneous in texture@ rat6er t6an cr0stalline and free fro+ veins and 9lanes of cleavageI t6e s9ecific gravit0 s6ould not .e less t6an 2.(5 and t6e 4ater a.sor9tion after i++ersion in 4ater for 22 6ours@ not +ore t6an 2J. T6e 9rinci9al stones used in .uilding construction s6all .e granite@ gneiss@ tra9 or .asalt@ DuartBite@ laterite@ li+e stone@ sand stone and slate. &e9resentative sa+9les of t6e stone 9ro9osed to .e used for t6e 4or* s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore t6e su99l0 of t6e sa+e. 'u.seDuentl0@ all su99lies s6all .e as 9er t6e original sa+9le < 46ic6 4ould re+ain in t6e custod0 of t6e Engineer=. failing 46ic6 t6e Engineer s6all reCect t6e lot and t6e Contractor s6all at 6is o4n ex9ense re+ove t6ese stones fro+ t6e site of 4or* 4it6in ) da0s. '6a9e and 'iBe E- T6e stone s6all .e rectangular in s6a9e for As6lar 4or* lengt6 s6all .e greater t6an t4ice t6e 6eig6t and .readt6 s6all not .e less t6an 6eig6t .ut not less t6an -/ c+s. in an0 case unless ot6er4ise s9ecified .0 t6e Excutive 1,

$.$.$.

Re<uire/e0ts o4 2.2.2.1. goo3s Structural Sto0e. 2.2.2.2.

2.2.2.-.

$.$.%.

Sto0e se3 I0 =uil3i0g Co0structio0.

2.2.-.1.

$.$.'.

Sto0e 4or Ashler 2.2.2.1. a03 Cut sto0e >or:.

Engineer. >or cut stone 4or* t6e s6a9e and seBe s6all .e suc6 t6at t6e finis6ed t6ic*ness after dressing is as stated in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ or as s6o4n in dra4ings. 2.2.2.2. T6e +ini+u+ 6eig6t of t6e >ine Tooled dressed stone according to s9ecifications s6all .e -/ c+s. and for roug6 tooled and 9itc6ed face dressed stone t6e 6eig6t s6all .e 2/ c+s. +inus t6e Coint t6ic*ness@ unless s9ecified ot6er4ise@ .0 t6e Engineer. Texture and Colour E- T6e stones s6all .e of unifor+ colour and texture and as for as 9ossi.le s6all .e o.tained fro+ one Duarr0 onl0. '6a9e and siBeE- T6e lengt6 and .readt6 s6all not .e less t6an t6e 6eit6t. T6e +ini+u+ 6eig6t of t6e dressed stone s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+s. +inus t6e Coint t6ic*ness. Texture and Colour E- T6e texture and colour of stones for course ru..le facing +asonr0 first sort s6all .e unifor+. T6is s6all .e as o.tained fro+ t6e Duarr0@ .ut t6e di+ensions s6ould .e suc6 t6at it s6all not 9ass t6roug6 a circular ring 15 c+. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e stone in an0 directions <exce9t for t6e s9auls= s6all not .e less t6an 1/ c+s. T6e stone s6all .e 6an*ari@ Aod69ur@ %oda*@ %andal or of an0 ot6er 9lace as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities or as a99roved .0 t6e Executive Engineer. In case of Aod69ur stone sla.s onl0 C6ittar stone sla.s <also *no4 as 'oor sagar sla.s= s6all .e used. T6e stone sla. s6all .e free fro+ an0 crac*s or fine Coints <veins= loose +aterials or la+inace or an0 ot6er defects. '6a9e and 'iBeE- T6e sla. s6all .e sDuare 4it6 a 9er+issi.le deviation fro+ t6e rig6t angle t6at s6all not exceed 15/. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e sla. s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E-

2.2.2.-.

$.$.(.

Sto0e For Course3 2aso0r1 .

2.2.5.1.

2.2.5.2.

2.2.5.-.

$.$.+.

Sto0e 4or Ru==le 2aso0r1 .

2.2.(.1.

$.$.,.

Sto0e sla= 4or Rao4i0g .

2.2.).1.

2.2.).2.

1-

TA "E-1
'ources 1. Aod69ur. 6an*ri. 2. %oda*. !ess tha0 $ /. ) to , c+. <2KG to -LG= Not less t6an (c+. <2MG= Clear s9ans. $/. a03 =elo> $.( / =elo> %/. $.( / , to 5 c+. 5 to 1/ c+. <-LG to -MG= <-MG to 2G= ( to ) c+. ) to , c+. <2MG to -G= <2KG to -LG= % /. ? =elo> %.% /. Not less t6an 1/ c+. <2G= Not less t6an , c+. <-LG= Not less t6an ) c+. <-G= at an0 3oint.

NoteE-

>or 9att0 sla. fro+ sources ot6er t6an +entioned a.ove@ t6e t6ic*ness s6all .e as given in sc6edule of Duantities or as s9ecified .0 t6e Executive Engineer. T6e .uilding stone for +asonr0 and cut stone 4or* s6all .e +easured eit6er in Duintals or in cu.ic +etre. ?6en +easured in stac*s .0 volu+e +easure+ents@ of stac*s s6all .e done in accordance to '9. No. 2.1. 'tone sla.s for roofing 9ur9oses s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres@ t6ic*ness of sla. .eing s9ecified.

$.$.-.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

2.2.,.1.

2.2.,.2.

15

$.%. B I!"IN# BRIC9S 2.-.1. $.%.1.1 . Scope . 2.-.1.1.1. Co++on .urnt $la0 ric*s E T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for di+ensions@ Dualit0 and strengt6 of Co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s and t6eir +ode of +easure+ent. ric*s s6all .e +ade fro+ carefull0 selected good fir+ loa+@ free gravel@ coarse sand@ 7an*ar and fro+ sul9+oulded allo4ance .eing 9rovided for s6rin*age in dr0ing and .urning. 'a+9le .ric*s@ s6all .e got +ade fro+ t6e soil@ 9ro9osed to .e used for .ric* +a*ing and .urnt at an existing 7iln to c6ec* for s6rin*age for +oulding 9ro9erties. T6ese s6all .e free fro+ crac*s@ fla4s@ and nodules of free li+e. T6ese sa+9le .ric*s s6all confor+ to I.'. E 1/)) and s6all re+ain in t6e custod0 of t6e engineer and all su.seDuent su99l0 s6all .e confor+ to t6ese sa+9les. Classification E- co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s are classified in t6ree categories as class I@ class II@ and class III@ .ric*s@ and eac6 class is furt6er graded as co++on grade@ $rade A@ and $rade AA as 9er t6eir strengt6 given .elo4 E Co++on $radeE- Co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s in general s6all 6ave a +ini+u+ co+9ressive strengt6 of -5 7gN'D. c+. 46en tested according to I.'. 1/)). $rade A E- ric*s 4it6 co+9ressive strengt6 not less t6an )/ *gN'D.C+. $rade AA E- .ric*s 4it6 co+9ressive strengt6 not less t6an 12/ 7gN'D.C+. T6e co+9ressive strengt6 of an0 individual s6all not fail .elo4 t6e average Co+9ressive 'trengt6 .0 +ore t6an 2/J <a= <i= Class I .ric*s E $eneral E- T6ese s6all 6ave a fine unifor+ dee9 c6err0 red or co99er colour and s6all 6ave a fine co+9act and unifor+ texture. T6eir edges +ust .e s6ar9 and sDuare and .ric*s +ust 9roduce a clear ringing sound 46en $6

$.%.1.$ .

#e0eral .

2.-.1.2.1.

2.-.1.2.2.

2.-.1.2.-.

struc*. T6e0 +ust .e sound@ 6ard free fro+ crac*s@ fla4s and stone or lu+9s of an0 *ind. <ii= ?ater A.sor9tion E- ric*s .elonging to t6is class s6all not a.sor. +ore t6an 2/J 4ater .0 4eig6t 46en i++ersed in cold 4ater for 22 6ours. EfflorescenceE- It s6all s6o4 nil to slig6t sign of Efflorescence <i.e. / to 1/J of t6e surface area of t6e .ric* s6ould s6o4 a t6in fil+ of salt de9osit@ 46en tested according to I.'. E1//) 'trengt6 E- Co++on $rade E- Co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s in general s6all 6ave a +ini+u+ co+9ressive strengt6 of -5 7gNc+. ?6en tested according to I.'. E 1/)). Class II ric*s E $eneral E- T6ese s6all 6ave a unifor+ colour and +a0 .e slig6tl0 over .urnt .ut not under .urnt@ slig6tl0 distorted and +a0 6ave rounded edges. T6ese s6all 6ave a unifor+ texture and s6ould generall0 e+it a clear ringing sound 46en struc*. ?ater A.sor9tion E- Not +ore t6an 22J .0 4eig6t 46en i++ersed under cold 4ater for 22 6ours. EfflorescenceE-'a+e as s9ecified for class I .ric*s. 'trengt6 E- 'a+e as s9ecified under class I .ric*s. Class III ric*s E $eneral E- T6ese +a0 .e slig6tl0 under or over .urnt .ut +ust .e of distinct reddis6 0ello4 colour t6roug6out. T6ese +a0 6ave distorted and round edges. T6e defects in unifor+it0 of s6a9e s6all not .e suc6 as to cause difficult0 in o.taining unifor+ courses 4it6 t6eir use. 4ater A.sor9tion E- Not +ore t6an 25J .0 4eig6t on i++ersion in cold 4ater for 22 6our. Efflorescence E- s6all .e slig6t to +oderate i.e. 1/J to 5/J of t6e surface area of .ric*s is coverd 4it6 a t6in la0er $1

<iii=

<iv=

<.= <i=

<ii=

<iii= <iv= <c= <i=

<ii=

<iii=

of de9osited salts@ 46en tested in accordance to I.'. E 1/)). <iv= $.%.1.% . Si;e . 2.-.1.-.1. 'trengt6 E- sa+e as s9ecified under class I .ric*s. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer or in contract agree+ent t6e .ric*s s6all .e of t6e siBes@ 15x5x5 c.+. or 15x5x2 c+. T6e frog s6all .e 1/x2 c+. of rectangular or oval s6a9e and 1/ +.+. dee9. $.%.1.' . Special Shapes . 2.-.1.2.1. ?6en so s9ecified or in s9ecial 4or*s suc6 as arc6es@ do+es 4ell foundation etc. 46ere a large nu+.er of s9eciall0 s6a9ed .ric*s are reDuired@ t6ese s6all .e +oulded@ and .urnt to t6e reDuired s6a9e. ric*s@ reCected .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* .0 t6e contractor 4it6in ) da0s at 6is o4n cost and la.our. In case t6e contractor fails to do so t6ese s6all .e re+oved and ex9enses c6arged to t6e contractor t6erof. T6e .ric*s s6all .e enu+erated after t6ese are 9ro9erl0 stac*ed in regular stac*s of a99roved design. 2.-.2. 1eav0 - #ut0 runt- Cla0 ric*s E $.%.$.1 . Scope . 2.-.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for di+ensions@ Dualit0 and strengt6 of 6eav0 dut0 .urnt cla0 .ric*s and t6eir +ode of +easure+ent. T6e 6eav0 dut0 .urnt cla0 .ric*s also *no4n as Engineering .ric*s are reDuired for +asonr0 in 6eav0 Engineering 4or*s suc6 as .ridge structures@ industrial foundation@ +ultistoried .uildings etc. T6e 6eav0 dut0 .urnt cla0 .ric*s s6all .e of t4o classes class I and Class II as 9er I.'. 21,/ -15(2. Class I .ric*s s6all .e t6oroug6l0 .urnt and s6all 6ave 9lain rectangular faces 4it6 9arallel side and s6ar9 straig6t rig6t angled edges. Class II .ric*s +a0 .e slig6tl0 over .urnt. T6e0 +a0 .e slig6tl0 distorted and or 6ave round edges. An0 defect in unifor+it0 or s6a9e s6all not .e as to cause difficult0 in o.taining unifor+ $$

$.%.1.( .

Re@ecte3 Bric:s 2.-.1.5.1. .

$.%.1.+ .

2o3e o4 2.-.1.(.1. 2easure/e0t .

$.%.$.$ .

#e0eral .

2.-.2.2.1.

$.%.$.% .

Classi4icatio0 .

2.-.2.-.1.

2.-.2.-.1.1 .

2.-.2.-.1.2 .

course. $.%.$.' . "engt6. 15c+. 15c+. "i/e0sio0s . 2.-.2.2.1. !nless ot6er4ise stated 6eav0 dut0 .uilding .ric*s s6all .e one of t6e follo4ing siBesEF 1eig6t. 5c+. 5c+. T6e +axi+u+ 9er+issi.le to lerance on t6e di+ensions s9ecified a.ove s6all .e as follo4s EF Tolerance. 2 ++. )++. 2.-.2.5.1. T6e average co+9ressive strengt6 46en tested according to t6e 9rocedure laid do4n in A99endix A of I.'. E 21,/-15(2 '6all .e less t6an 22/ 7g.Nc+2 . T6e 4ater a.sor9tion .0 4eig6t 46en deter+ined according to t6e 9rocedure laid do4n in A99endix s6all not .e greater t6en 5J 1eav0 dut0 .urnt cla0 .ric*s s6all .e +easured as 9er co++on .urnt cla0 dric*s. 2.-.-. 'u+- #ried ric*s EF $.%.%.1 . Scope . 2.-.-.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for di+ensions@ Dualit0 and strengt6 of su+ dried .ric*s@ and t6eir +ode of +easure+ent. T6ese s6all .e +anufactured fro+ good .ric* eart6 and s6all .e free fro+ crac*s@ fla4s@ stones or lu+9s of an0 *ind. T6e0 s6all 6ave defined edges and t6eir siBe s6all .e as for .urnt cla0@ unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. T6ese s6all .e +easured as 9er +ode of +easure+ent for co++on .urnt cla0 .ric*s.

?idt6. 5c+. 15c+. 2.-.2.2.2.

#i+ensions. 5 c+. 15 c+. $.%.$.( . Co/pressi8e Stre0gth

$.%.$.+ .

Aater A=sorptio0

2.-.2.(.1.

$.%.$., .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t

2.-.2.).1.

$.%.%.$ .

#e0eral .

2.-.-.2.1.

$%

$.' STEE! $.'.1. "e4i0itio0 . 2.2.1.1. 'teel is a 9roduct +anufactured fro+ 3ig Iron .0 various refining 9rocesses suc6 t6at t6e reDuisite Duantit0 of Car.on@ 'ul96ur@ 36os96orus and ot6er ele+ents re+ain. T6e +ec6anical 9ro9erties of steel var0 4it6 t6e c6e+ical co+9osition. Car.on@ 'ul96ur and 36os96orus@ .eing t6e 9rinci9al ele+ents effecting t6e sa+e. Certain ele+ents are also added to o.tain t6e desired +ec6anical 9ro9erties in s9ecial steels designated as allo0 steel. T6e +ec6anical reDuire+ents of various t09es of 9roducts are different@ suc6 as &olled section < Aoists@ c6annels@Tee and Angles etc.= Cold for+ed lig6t gauge sections@ s6eets@ &ivet .ars@ 4ires@ ars and 4ires for &einforce+ent etc@ and so+e of t6e a.ove 9roduct are reDuired in different Dualities and eac6 Dualit0 in various grades. 'teel for t6e various 9roducts s6all confor+ to t6e Indian standards +entioned against eac6 in Ta.le I. Indian 'tandards I.'. E 2/(2-15(2 I.'. E 22(-15(2 I.'. E15))-15(2 I.'. E 15(1-15(2 I.'. E1/)5-155, I.'. E 11(1-155, I.'. E 112,-155) I.'. E 1125-155) I.'. E 2-2-15(/ I.'. E 11,(-15(1 I.'. E 11-5-1555 I.'. E2/5/-15(2 I.'. E 1),5-15(1 I.'. E 15((-15(/

$.'.$.

#e0eral .

2.2.2.1.

2.2.2.2.

$.'.%.

Steel Pro3ucts . 2.2.-.1.

'. No. 1.

2. -. 2. 5. (. ). ,. 5. 1/. 11. 12.

TAB!E I T09es of 'teel 3roducts 'tructural 'teel E <a= >usion ?elding Dualit0. <.= 'tandard Dualit0. <c= Ordinar0 Dualit0. 'tructural 'teel 1ig6 Tensile. Car.on 'teel s6eet and stri9. "ig6t $auge 'tructural Dualit0. 'teel Tu.e for structural 9ur9oses. &ivet ars for 'tructural 9ur9oses. &ivet ars 1ig6 Tensile for 'tructural 3ur9oses. %ild steel and %ediu+ Tensile steel .ars and 6ard dra4n steel 4ire for concrete &einforce+ent. Cold t4isted .ars for concrete &einforce+ent. #efor+ed .ars for concrete &einforce+ent@ 6ot rolled +ild steel and +ediu+ Tensil steel. 1ig6 tensil steel .ars used in 9restressed concrete. 3lain 1ard dra4n steel 4ire for 9restressed concrete. >e.ric for concrete &einforce+ent 1ard dra4n 'teel 4ire. $'

2.2.2. #i+ensions E

2.2.2.1.

T6e di+ensions of &olled steel 9roducts confor+ing to I.'. E2/(/-(2@ I.'.E22(15(2@I.'E 5))-15(2 and I.'. 5(1@ s6all .e in accordance 4it6 t6e relevant Indian 'tandard given .elo4 and I.'. 1and .oo* for 'tructural Engineers Vol. I. Rele8e0t I03ia0 Sta03ar3. I.'. E ,/,-155) I.'. E 11)--155) I.'. E 1)-/-15(1 I.'. E 1)-1-15(1 I.'. E 1)-2-15(1

Pro3uct ea+s@ c6annel and angle sections. Tee ars. 3lates@ s6eet and 'tri9s. >lates. &ound and sDuare .ars. 2.2.2.2.

T6e s9ecification for section for+ed out of Car.on steel s6eet and stri9 "ig6t gauge 'tructural Hualit0 1ot rolled s6all confor+ to I.'. E,11-15(1 T6e di+ensions of steel tu.es for structural 9ur9oses are incor9orated in I.'. E 11(1-155, itself. T6e di+ensions of rivets +anufactured fro+ steel confor+ing eit6er to I.'. E 112,-115) or I.'. E 1125-115) s6all .e as 9er I.'. E 1525-15(1. 'tructural steel fusion 4elding Dualit0 EF >or +e+.ers in 'tructures su.Cected to d0na+ic <4ind load is not to .e considered as d0na+ic for t6is 9ur9ose= loading 46ere 4elding is e+lo0ed for fa.rication and 46ere fatigue@ 4ide fluctuation of stress@ reversal of stress and great restraint are involved e.g. for exa+9le crane gantr0 girders. &oad and &ail ridges etc. 'tandard Dualit0 EF >or all structural 9ur9oses@ 46ere 4elding is not e+9lo0ed for fa.rication. 1o4ever t6is t09e is also suita.le for 4elding 9rovided t6e t6ic*ness does not exceed 2/ ++. ?6en t6e +aterial over 2/ ++. t6ic* s9ecial 9recautions +a0 .e reDuired in case t6e +aterial is to .e 4elded. Ordinar0 Hualit0 EF T4o grades of steel are covered under t6is Dualit0 designated as 't. -2-/ and 't. 22-/. <a= 'teel 't. -2-/ is intended for general 9ur9ose suc6 as door and 4indo4 fra+es@ 4indo4 .ars@ grills@ steel gates@ and railing .uilders 6ard4are@ fancing 9osts@ tie .ars etc. 'teel 't. 22-/ is intended to .e used for structures not su.Cected to d0na+ic $(

2.2.2.-.

2.2.2.2.

$.'.(.

ses .

2.2.5.1.

2.2.5.2.

2.2.5.-.

<.=

loading ot6er t6an 4ind loads as for exa+9les 9latfor+ roofs@ foot over .ridges@ office .uildings@ ot6er ordinar0 factor0 s6eds not su.Cected to d0na+ic loading. Even in suc6 cases steel 't. 22-/ is not reco++ended to .e used. <i= <ii= <iii= If 4elding 6as to .e e+9lo0ed for fa.rication. If t6e 'tructure is situated in eart6Dua*e Bone su.Cected to severe da+age. If t6e design of t6e structure 6as .een .ased on 9lastic t6eor0.

$+

$.( TI2BER. $.(.1. Scope . 2.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for grading of out siBe ti+.er. It covers ti+.er as used for structural and nonstructural 9ur9oses in uildings and also include ti+.er reDuired for Coiner0. aul* F A 9iece of sa4n ti+.er 46ose cross sectional di+ensions exceed 5 c+. in one direction and 2/ c+. in ot6er direction. oxed 1eart EF A 9iece of ti+.er so sa4n or 6e4n t6at t6e 9itc6 or t6e centre 6eart falls entirel0 4it6in t6e four surface t6roug6out its lengt6. C6ec*- A fine crac*. Co+9ression 4ood EF A .nor+al 4ood 46ic6 is for+ed on t6e lo4er sides of .ranc6es and inclined ste+s of coniferous trees. 1eart 4ood E- T6e inner 9ortions of 4ood in a tree or a log 46ic6 is usuall0 of a dar*er colour. 7not E- A .ranc6 .ase e+.edded in t6e tree or ti+.er. 3it6 9oc*et E-Accu+ulation of resin .et4een gro4t6 rings of coniferous 4ood as seen on t6e cross section. 3it6 E- t6e soft tissues found near a.out t6e center of t6e log. 'a9 4ood E- T6e outer la0ers of t6e log@ 46ic6 in t6e gro4ing tree contain living cells. T6e sa9 is usuall0 lig6ter in colour. '6a*e E- A 9artial or co+9lete se9aration .et4een adCoining la0ers of tissues. '9lit E- a crac* extending fro+ one face to anot6er face. ?ar9 E- A deviation in sa4n ti+.er fro+ a true 9lane surface. 'lo9e of grain E- T6e tangential slo9e of grain to .e E- +easured on tangential side as a deviation of fi.ers and t6e radial slo9e of grain on a radial side as a deviation of annular rings fro+ corner of a 9iece. ?or+ 6oles E- 1oles caused .0 4or+s <*inds of inverte.rate li+.less cree9ing ani+als@ of internal 9arasite. "oose grains E- T6e ti+.er s6all .e called loose grained if t6e nu+.er of rings are +ore t6an ( rings 9er 25 ++. Ti+.er used or intended for use in uilding 46ere strengt6 is t6e 9ri+ar0 $,

$.(.$.

Ter/i0olog1 .

2.5.2.1.

2.5.2.2.

2.5.2.-. 2.5.2.2.

2.5.2.5.

2.5.2.(. 2.5.2.).

2.5.2.,. 2.5.2.5.

2.5.2.1/. 2.5.2.11. 2.5.2.12. 2.5.2.12.

2.5.2.15.

2.5.2.1(.

2.5.-.

'tructural Ti+.erE

2.5.-.1.

consideration is called 'tructural Ti+.er. 'a+9le of Ti+.er 6aving a 4eig6t less t6an )5J of t6e average 4eig6t of t6at s9ecies of Ti+.er s6all not .e used fore structural 4or*. 2.5.-.2. 2.5.-.2.1. $radingE 'tructural Ti+.er s6all .e graded into t6ree grades viB. 'elect grade@ $rade 1 and $rade 2 de9ending on t6e 9er+issi.le dedects in cut siBes of Ti+.er. I.'. E1(2515(/=. 'elect gradeEF Ti+.er of t6is grade s6all not contain defects@ t6e esti+ated dffect of s6ic6 tends to reduce t6e .asic strengt6 of Ti+.er .0 +ore t6an 12.5J $rade 1 E- Ti+.er of t6is grade s6all not contain defects@ t6e esti+ated effect of 46ic6 tends to reduce t6e .asics strengt6 of ti+.er .0 +ore t6an 25J $rade 2 E- Ti+.er of t6is grade s6all not contain defects t6e esti+ated effect of 46ic6 tends to reduce t6e .asic strengt6 of ti+.er .0 +ore t6an -).5J #efectsE #efects 9ro6i.ited E- Ti+.er 4it6 loose grain@ s9lits@ co+9ression 4ood in coniferous structural ti+.er@ 6eart 4ood rot and 4ar9 s6all not .e selected for structural 9ur9ose. ?or+ 6oles +ade .0 9o4der 9ost .eetles and 9it6 9oc*ets s6all not .e 9er+itted. #efects 9er+issi.le E- 4anes are 9er+itted 9rovided t6e0 are not co+.ined 4it6 *nots and t6e reduction in strengt6 on account of t6e 4anes is not +ore t6an t6e reduction caused .0 +axi+u+ allo4a.le *nots. ?anes +a0 also .e 9er+itted 9rovided t6ere is no o.Cection to its use as .earing area@ nailing edge and general a99earance. ?or+ 6oles ot6er t6an t6ose due to 9o4der 9ost .eetles located and grou9ed to reduce t6e strengt6 of ti+.er s6all .e evaluated in t6e sa+e +a0 as *nots. All ot6er defects 46ic6 do not affect an0 of t6e +ec6anical 9ro9erties of ti+.er s6all .e 9er+itted. T6e defects listed in Ta.le I@ s6all .e 9er+itted for $rade1.s

<a=

<.=

<c=

2.5.-.-. <a=

<.=

$-

TAB!E 1. "e4ects Per/issi=le 4or #ra3e 1B o4 cut si;e structural ti/=er. ?idt6 of >ace. 'iBe of 7nots %axi+u+. Narro4 face Central 1alf and L of t6e of t6e 4idt6 of 4idt6 of 4ide t6e 4ide >ace >ace to to9 : .otto+ edges. ++. ++. 15 15 25 25 -, -, 22 5/ 5/ 5) 52 )5 5) ,1 (,) (( 5(5 1// )2 1/)5 1/( NoteE-<1= #e9t6 of c6ec*s@ and s6a*es %ax. 'lo9e of grain %ax.

++. )5 1// 15/ 2// 25/ -// -5/ 2// 25/ 5// 55/ (//

++. 25 -5 5/ (5 ,1 1// 115 1-1 15/ 1(5 1,1 2//

1 in 15

>or select $rade@ defects onl0 6alf a large as t6ose 9er+itted for $rade 1 s6all .e allo4ed and t6e slo9e of grain s6all not .e +ore t6an 1 in 2/. >or $rade 2@ defects onl0 1M ti+e as large as t6ose 9er+itted for $rade 1@ s6all .e allo4ed@ and t6e slo9e of grain s6all .e +ore t6an 1 in 12. $radingEF

<2=

$.(.'.

Ti/=er 4or 2.5.2.1. No0-Structural Purpose. 2.5.2.1.1.

Ti+.er for non -structural 9ur9ose i.e.for suc6 9ur9oses 46ere strengt6 is not t6e 9ri+ar0 consideration@ e.g. furniture and ot6er suc6 uses s6all .e of t4o grads viB.grade 1 and $rade 2 de9ending on 9er+issi.le defects. $rade 1 E- Ti+.er of t6is grade s6all not contain defects 46ic6 4ill undul0 4ea*en and effect t6e ti+.er 46en used for 9er+anent constructions ex9osed to 4eat6er. $rade 2E- Ti+.er of t6is grade +a0 contain defects 46ic6 46en 9lugged in 9er+it t6eir use@ in te+9orar0 constructions not ex9osed to 4eat6er.

2.5.2.2. <a=

#efectsEF #efects 3ro6i.itedEF Ti+.er for non$5

structural use s6all .e free fro+ 6eart rot@ sa9 rot@ s9lits@ 4ar9@ and 4or+ 6oles due to 9o4der 9ost .eetles. 3it6 9oc*ets and .oxed 6eart s6all not .e 9er+itted for $rade 1. C <.= #efects 3er+issi.le E- ?or+ 6ole ot6er t6an t6ose due to 9o4der 9ost .eetles s6all .e 9er+itted and s6all .e evaluated in t6e sa+e 4a0 as *nots. No *not s6all .e 9er+issi.le if it is 4it6in 1M ti+e t6e s+allest t6ic*ness of t6e +e+.ers in t6e Coint. 7nots s6all not .e grou9ed as to affect undul0 t6e usefulness of t6e +e+.er. In grade 2 defective 7nots@ suc6 as deca0ed *nots@ dead 7nots@ 7not 6oles etc. +a0 .e 9er+itted 9rovided t6e0 s6all not undul0 4ea*en t6e +e+.er. t6ese *nots s6all .e co+9letel0 .ored or cut out and tig6tl0 9lugged 4it6 a cross grained seasoned 9lug of t6e sa+e s9ecies of Ti+.er and 9ro9erl0 glued in. T6e grain of 9lug s6all run in t6e direction of t6e grain of t6e 9iece. oxed 6eart s6all .e 9er+itted exce9t on t6e ex9osed edges@ 9rovided t6e0 are clean and filled u9 4it6 9utt0 or filler. ?6ere 9it6 9oc*ets are located on ex9osed edges@ 9rovided t6e0 are clean and filled u9 4it6 9utt0 or filler. ?6ere 9it6 9oc*ets are located on ex9osed edge of t6e core t6e0 s6all .e cut out and fitted and glued in 4it6 a 9lug of 4ood or si+ilar s9ecies of ti+.er@ 4it6 grains running in t6e sa+e direction as t6at of t6e 9iece. 'o+e of t6e 9er+issi.le defects for $rade 1 and grade 2 are given in Ta.le II. <>or co+9lete infor+ation refer I.'. E1(2515(2.= TAB!E II. "e4ects Per/issi=le i0 cut si;e ti/=er 4or 0o0-structural use. '. No. 1. 2. #efect. 'lo9e of grain %axi+u+. "ive 7nots <i= 'iBe %axi+u+. <ii= Nu+.er 9er +etre lingt6@ %axi+u+. C6ec*s@ de9t6 %axi+u+. %6 $rade 1. 1 in 15 12.5 ++. I - ++. $rade 2. 1 in 12 25 ++. 2 L of t6e total t6ic*ness of 9iece or ( ++..

<c=

<d=

<e=

-.

$.(.(.

Ti/=er For Doi0er1.

2.5.5.1. <a=

#efects E #efects 3ro6i.itedEF Ti+.er as used for Coiner0 4or* s6all .e free fro+ deca0@ fungal gro4t6@ .oxed 6eart@ 9it6 9oc*ets or strea*s on t6e ex9osed edges@ .orer 6oles@ s9lits and crac*s. #efects 3er+issi.leEF 7nots s6all .e grou9ed as not to effect undul0 t6e usefulness of t6e +e+.er. No 7not s6all .e 9er+issi.le if it is over or touc6ing a 9lace of Cointing. #efective *nots suc6 as deca0ed *nots@ *not 6ole etc. +a0 .e 9er+itted onl0 in grade 2 ti+.er <as given under ta.le III=@ 9rovided t6e0 s6all not undul0 4ea*en t6e +e+.er and furt6er@ t6at t6e0 s6all .e 9lugged@ if t6e0 a99ear on t6e ex9osed edges. TAB!E III

<.=

"e4ects Per/issi=le i0 Ti/=er For Doi0er1 Aor:. S. No. 1. 2. "e4ect. Cross $rain "ive sound 7nots. <a= on rails. <.= on 9anels. #ra3e 1. Not stee9er t6an 1 in 15. %ax. 12.5 ++ and not +ore t6an one *not 9er +etre lengt6. %ax. 2/ ++ and not +ore t6an one *not 9er 9anel. None. #ra3e $. Not stee9er t6an 1 in 12 %ax 25 ++ and not +ore t6an 2 *not 9er +etre lengt6. %ax 2/ ++ and not +ore t6an one 7not 9er /.2 sD +. of 9anel. 3er+issi.le exce9t on t6e ex9osed edges@ 9rovided t6at t6e0 are clean and filled u9 4it6 suita.le 9utt0 or filler. ?6ere 9it6 9oc*ets or t6e strea*s are located on t6e ex9osed edges of t6e core. T6e0 s6all .e cut and fitted 4it6 9ieces of 4ood of si+ilar grains running in t6e sa+e direction. T6e 9ieces s6all .e 4ell glued.

-.

3it6 9oc*ets or 'trea*s.

%1

$.(.+.

Classi4icatio0 =1 Si;es.

2.5.(.1.

atten <>illet= EF A 9iece of sa4n ti+.er 46ose cross sectional di+ensions do not exceed 5 c+. eit6er in .readt6 or in t6ic*ness. 'cantlingsEF A 9iece of sa4n ti+.er@ 46ose cross sectional di+ensions exceed 5 c+. .ut do not exceed 2/ c+. in .ot6 t6e directions. aul*EF A 9iece of sa4n ti+.er 46ose cross sectional di+ensions exceeds 5 c+. in one direction and 2/ c+. in t6e ot6er di+ensions. 3lan*EF A 9iece of sa4n ti+.er 4it6 t6ic*ness not exceeding 5 c+. and t6e 4idt6 exceeding 5 c+. 'easoning and 9reservation of ti+.er s6all .e done in accordance to t6e +et6ods 9rescri.ed under Ex9lanator0 Note for Ti+.er. T6e %ax@ 9er+issi.le +oisture content .efore use of ti+.er of 46ic6 it s6ould .e seasoned de9ends on t6e service reDuire+ent of t6e finis6ed article and cli+atic conditions of t6e localit0. T6is s6all .e as 9er ta.le No. V .elo4 for so+e of t6e co++on uses of ti+.er. TAB!E E

2.5.(.2.

2.5.(.-.

2.5.(.2.

$.(.,.

Seaso0i0g a03 2.5.).1. Preser8atio0 o4 Ti/=er. 2.5.).2.

S.No.

se

2oisture co0te0tF Go0e I. Go0e II 12 12 1/ 12 12 1/

1. 2. -. 2. 5. (.

ea+s and &after #oors and ?indo4s >looring stri9s for general 3ur9oses. >urniture and ca.inet +a*ing. 1andles. 3attern %a*ing.

12 1/ , 1/ 12 ,

OonesE- T6e countr0 6as .een .roadl0 into four Bones@ viB-Oone I@ II@ III : IV .ased on cli+atic consideration. ?estern 9art of &aCast6an co+es under Oone I and rest of it under Oone II. $.(.-. 2o3e o4 2.5.,.1. 2easure/e0t o4 Ti/=er. Ti+.er s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres@ t09e and grade of ti+.er .eing s9ecified. Eac6 s9ecies of ti+.er s6all .e stored and +easured se9aratel0. ?roug6t ti+.er <i.e. 3laned ti+.er= s6all .e +easured in cu.ic %$

+etres@ se9aratel0. $.(.5. 2o3e o4 2.5.5.1. 2easure/e0t o4 "e4ects. C6ec*s@ s9lits and s6a*esE- '6a*es are +easured .0 t6eir extensions on one end in centi+eters or in 9arts of t6at side of t6e 9iece on 46ic6 t6eir 9roCections are greater. T6eir a99earance on t6e ot6er end is not ta*en into account. Exterior s6a*es@ C6ec*s and s9lits are +easured on t6e sides of t6e 9iece .0 t6eir de9t6 in centi+eters or in 9arts of t6e lengt6 of t6e 9iece. End Bones s6a*es@ c6ec*s and s9lits are +easured .0 t6eir de9t6 in +illi+etres fro+ t6e end. NoteE- T6e siBe of +axi+u+ c6ord is ta*en as t6e extension of t6e ring s6a*e. 2.5.5.2. 2.5.5.-. 2.5.5.2. Co+9ression 4oodE- Co+9ression 4ood is +easured as 9ercentage of t6e face area. 1eart 4oodE- 1eart 4ood rot is +easured as 9ercentage of t6e sectional area. 7notsE- T6e dia+eter of a *not is t6e +axi+u+ distance .et4een t4o 9oints for t6ese a9art on t6e 9eri96er0 of a round *not on t6e face of 46ic6 it .eco+es 9ossi.le. 'a9 rotE- 'a9 rot +easured lengt64ise in centi+etres or as 9ercentage of t6e sectional area. 'lo9e of grainsE- T6e tangential slo9e of grain is +easured on tangential side as a deviation of fi.ers and t6e radial slo9e of grain on a redial side as a deviation of annular rings fro+ corners of a 9iece in c+. 9er one linear +etre. "oose grainE- "oose grains s6all .e +easured in ter+s of nu+.er of rings 9er 25 ++. and grains s6all .e considered loose if t6e nu+.er of rings are +ore t6an ( in nu+.er 9er 25 ++. ?aneE- T6e +axi+u+ 4idt6 of 4ane visi.le on t6e face. ?or+ 6olesE- T6e nu+.er of 4orn 6oles is counted according to t6eir variet0 9er one +etre of lengt6 of ti+.er or is ta*en in relation to t6e full lengt6 of a 9iece. 3it6 3oc*etE- T6e lengt6 of 3it6 9oc*et is +easured on t6e sides <>aces= of a 9iece in +ili+etres. 3it6 9oc*ets are ta*en stoc* of Duantitativel0 9er +etre of lengt6 or in relation to t6e full lengt6 of a 9iece. oxed 1eartE- oxed 6eart is +easured as 9ercentage of t6e area of t6e face on 46ic6 it .eco+es visi.le. %%

2.5.5.5.

2.5.5.(.

2.5.5.).

2.5.5.,. 2.5.5.5.

2.5.5.1/.

2.5.5.1/.

$.(.A. P!*AOO" $.(.A.1. "e4i0itio0. 2.5.A.1.1. A .oard for+ed of t6ree or +ore la0ers of Veneer <a t6in s6eet of 4ood of unifor+ t6ic*ness o.tained .0 slicing rotar0 cutting of sa4ing= Ce+ented or glued toget6er usuall0 4it6 t6e grain of adCacent Veneer running at rig6t angles to eac6 ot6er. 3l04ood used in t6e .uilding construction 6as .een divided into t4o categories. 3l04ood for general 9ur9ose confor+ing to I.'.E -/--15(/. #ecorative 9l04ood confor+ing to I.'. 1-2,-155,. 3l04ood for general 9ur9oses s6all .e of t6ree grades na+el0 ?&@ ??& : C?& de9ending u9on t6e ad6esives used for .onding t6e Veneers. T6e reDuire+ents of ti+.er s9ecies of ad6esives for eac6 grade and 9er+issi.le defects in eac6 grade of 9l04ood s6all .e as given in Ta.le-III. Overla9 and 4ar9s s6all not .e 9er+itted in an0 of t6e grades. $.(.A.'. T1pes. 2.5.A.2.1. 3l04ood for general 9ur9ose s6all .e of six t09es na+el0 AA@ A @ AC@ @ C : CC .ased on t6e Dualit0 of t4o faces. Eac6 face .eing of an0 of t6ree Dualities viB. A@ @C de9ending u9on t6e 9er+issi.le defects. T09e AA s6all 6ave .ot6 faces of Dualit0 A@ t09e A s6all 6ave one face of Dualit0 A and ot6er of Dualit0 and so on. t6e Dualit0 reDuire+ents for eac6 *ind of face s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents s9ecified in Ta.le IV <I.'. -/--15(/= T6e s9ecies of ti+.er to .e used in t6e +anufacture of t6e different grade of 9l04ood for faces@ cores and cross .ands s6all .e as given in Ta.le III. T6e ad6esive used for .onding t6e Veeners s6all .e eit6er s0nt6etic resin ad6esive confor+ing to I.'.E ,2,-155) or cold setting case-in glue confor+ing to I.'. ,25-155) as s9ecified in ta.le III. %'

$.(.A.$.

#e0eral.

2.5.A.2.1.

<a= <.= $.(.A.%. #ra3es. 2.5.A.-.1.

$.(.A.(.

2aterial.

2.5.A.5.1.

$.(.A.+.

A3hesi8es.

2.5.A.(.1.

2.5.A.(.2.

'0nt6etic resin ad6esives 46en extended .0 +ore t6an 25J and resin glues <and ot6er si+ilar glues= s6all contain suita.le 9reservative in sufficient concentration to satisf0 t6e +0cological test as descri.ed in I.'. -/--15(/. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e 9l04ood .oards s6all .e of siBes s9ecified in Ta.le I. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6ic*ness of 9l04ood .oard s6all .e as s9ecified in Ta.le II.

$.(.A.,.

Si;e.

2.5.A.).1.

$.(.A.-.

Thic:0ess.

2.5.A.,.1.

TAB!E I SIGE OF P!*AOO" BOAR"S C+. x C+. 22/x12/ 22/x5/ 21/x12/ 21/x5/ 1,/x1// 1,/x5/ 15/x12/ 15/x5/ 12/x12/ 5/x5/ TAB!E II Thic:0ess o4 Pl1>oo3 Boar3s oards - 9l0. T6ic*ness ++. 2 5 ( 5 ( , 5 5 11( 11( 15 15 22 25 as ordered >t. x >t. ,x2 ,x)x2 )x(x2 (x5x2 5x2x2 -x-

5 9l0.

) 9l0

5 9l0

11 9l0 A.ove 11 9l0

%(

$.(.A.5.

Fi0ish.

2.5.A.5.1.

T6e 9l04ood .oards s6all .e of unifor+ t6ic*ness 4it6in t6e clearances s9ecified a.ove. T6e faces of 9l04ood .oards s6all .e reasona.l0 s+oot6 as s9ecified in Ta.le IV. 'lig6t sanding +a0 .e given to roug6 .oards in order to +a*e t6e+ reasona.l0 s+oot6. T6e edges of t6e .oards s6all .e tri++ed sDuare 4it6in ++. <or 1N,G=.

2.5.A.5.2.

$.(.A.16. 2ar:i0g.

2.5.A.1/.1. Eac6 9l0 .oards s6all .e legi.l0 and indeli.l0 +ar*ed or sta+9ed 4it6 t6e +anufacturer8s na+e@ 6is initials or 6is trade +ar* and t6e 0ear of +anufacture. T6e grade and t09e s6all also .e +ar*ed as follo4sE?&NA ??&N C C?&NCC etc.

%+

TAB!E III REH IRE2ENTS FOR "IFFERENT #RA"ES OF P!*AOO"

'.No. 1 <i= Particulars ?& 2 Classes of Ti+.er '9ecies <'ee A99endix A I.'.E-/--15(/= >aceP Core and Cross.and in +ulti9l0 .oards. Ad6esivesJ Class I Class I or II Class I or II Class I or II Class II Class I@II or III &eDuire+ents of $rade ??& 2 C?& 5

<a= <.=

<ii=

Confor+ing to ?& t09e of s0nt6etic resin of I.'E ,2,-155).

Confor+ing to ??& t09e of s0nt6etic resin of I.'.E ,2,155).

Confor+ing to C?& t09e of s0nt6etic resin of I.'.E ,2,-155) or to cold setting case in glue of I.'.E ,25-155).

<iii= <a=

#efects. $a9s in cores and cross .ands. 3er+itted 3rovided 'a+e as for t6e 4idt6 of ga9s does ?& grade. not exceed /., ++. <or 1N-2 in= in t6e case of - 9l0 or - ++ <or 1N, in= in case of +ulti9l0I and 9rovided suc6 ga9s@ if +ore t6an one in an0 9articular veneer@ are s9aced not less t6an 2/ c+. <or , in= a4a0 fro+ eac6 ot6er and are staggered not less t6an 1/ c+. <or 2 in= a4a0 as .et4een 9l0@ t6e next 9l0 6aving t6e sa+e grain direction. 'a+e as for ?& grade. 3er+itted@ 3rovided t6e 4idt6 of ga9s does not exceed - ++. <or 1N, in= in t6e case of --9l0 and ( ++. <or 1N2 in= in t6e case +ulti-9l0E and 9rovided suc6 ga9s@ if +ore t6an one in an0 9articular veneer@ are s9aced not less t6an , c+. <or - in= a4a0 fro+ eac6 ot6er and are staggered not less t6an 5 c+. <or 2 in= a4a0 as .et4een 9l0@ t6e next 9l0 6aving t6e sa+e grain direction.

<.=

'9lits in cores and 2 9er core or crosscross-.ands. .and

'a+e as for ?& grade.

P In t6e case of ??& and C?& grades of 9l04ood@ use of Class III ti+.er s9ecies +a0 .e 9er+itted for face veneer if s9ecificall0 reDuired .0 t6e 9urc6aser. J In t6e case of 9l04ood ex9osed to t6e 4eat6er 96enolic resin ad6esives s6all .e 9refera.l0 used for .onding t6e veneer.

%,

TAB!E IE Hualit1 Re<uire/e0t o4 Pl1>oo3 4or #e0eral Purposes.

DEFECT 1. lister C6ec*s >ACE A 2. Nil Individual c6ec* not +ore t6an 25 ++. <or 1 in.= in lengt6@ and t6e total lengt6 not +ore t6an -// ++ 9er sD. +. <or 12 in. 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 5 9ercent of t6e area@ if not inCurious to t6e .oard. Nil Nil >ACE -. Nil Individual c6ec*s not +ore t6an 5/ ++ <or 2 in= in lengt6 and t6e total lengt6 not +ore t6an (// ++ 9er sD. + <or 22 in 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 25 9ercent of t6e area@ if not in Curious to t6e .oard. 5 c+ 9er sD.+ <or 2in 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 'cattered u9 to 12 6oles 9er sD. + <or 1/ sD.ft.= None in 2// ++ <or , in.= 4ide face@ and one Coint for ever0 +ulti9le of 15/ ++ <or ( in.= in 4idt6. NoteE- ?idt6 at t6e edges +a0 .e less due to tri++ing. 2 u9 to 12 ++ dia 9er sD. + <or M in. dia 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 2 9er sD.+. <or 1/ sD.ft.= No restriction. >ACE C 2. Nil Individual c6ec*s not +ore t6an 1// ++ <or 2 in= in lengt6@ and t6e total lengt6 not +ore t6an 1/// ++. 9resD. + <or 2/ in. 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 5/ 9ercent of t6e area@ if not inCurious to t6e .oard. 15 c+ 9er sD.+ <or ( in 9er 1/ sD.ft.= 'cattered u9 to 22 6oles 9er sD.+ <or 1/ sD. ft.= No restriction.

#iscoloration

#ote Insect 6ole

Aoints

7nots <dead=

None in 25/ ++ <or 1/ in.= 4ide face@ and one Coint for ever0 +ulti9le of 2// ++ <or , in.= in 4idt6. NoteE ?idt6 at t6e edges +a0 .e less due to tri++ing. Nil

3in *nots <dead= 3in *nots <live= 7nots <tig6t=

Nil. 3er+itted 9rovided t6e0 do not +ar t6e a99earance. - u9to 25 ++ dia. 9er sD. + <or 1 in. dia 9er 1/ sD. ft.=

2 u9 to 2/ ++ dia 9er sD. + <or K in. dia 9er 1/ sD.ft.= ( 9er sD.+. <or 1/ sD.ft.= No restriction.

( u9to 25 ++ dia. 9er sD. + <or 1 in. dia 9er 1/ sD. ft.=

No restriction.

3atc6es

Nil

2 9atc6es 9er sD. + <or 1/ sD.ft.= 9rovided t6e0 are all tig6t 9atc6es : do not +ar t6e a99earance.

An0 nu+.er@ 9rovided t6e0 are all tig6t 9atc6es and are +atc6ed for colour.

%-

1 '9lit

2 One s9lit@ not +ore t6an /., ++ <or 1N-2 in.= 4ide and not longer t6an 5/ ++ <or 2 in= 9rovided it is filled 4it6 a suita.le filler.

2 s9lit@ not +ore t6an ( ++ <or L in.= 4ide and total longer t6an 2// ++ <or , in= 9rovided t6e0 are filled 4it6 suita.le veneer inserts.

2 - s9lit@ not +ore t6an 1/ ++ <or -N, in.= 4ide and total longer t6an -// ++ <or 12 in= 9rovided t6e0 are filled 4it6 suita.le veneer inserts. '9lits u9 to 25 ++ <or 1N, in.= long and /., ++ <or 1N-2 in.= 4ide +a0 .e ignored@ 9rovided t6e0 are suita.l0 filled.= No restriction.

'4irl.

!9to 2 9er sD. + <or 1/ sD.ft.= 9rovided t6e0 do not +ar t6e a99erance.

!nli+ited@ 9rovided t6e0 do not +ar t6e a99erance.

%5

$.+ !I2E

$.+.1.

Scope.

$.+.1.1.

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for t6e 960sical and c6e+ical 9ro9erties and su99l0 and storage of t6e different classes of li+e. Huic*li+e EF A calcined +aterial@ t6e +aCor 9art of 46ic6 is calciu+ oxide in natural association 4it6 a relativel0 s+aller a+ount of +agnesiu+ oxide@ ca9a.le of sla*ing 4it6 4ater. >at "i+e EF T6e li+e 46ic6 6as 6ig6 calciu+ oxide content and is de9endant for setting and 6ardening solel0 on t6e a.sor9tion of car.on dioxide fro+ t6e at+os96ere. 10draulic li+e EF "i+e containing s+all Duan+tities of slica and alu+ina and or iron oxide 46ic6 are in c6e+ical co+.ination 4it6 so+e of t6e calciu+ oxide content@ giving a 9utt0 or +ortal 46ic6 6as t6e 9ro9ert0 of setting and 6ardening under 4ater. 10drated "i+e EF A dr0 9o4der resulting fro+ treat+ent of Duic*li+e 4it6 4ater enoug6 to satisf0 its c6e+ical affinit0 for 4ater under t6e condition of its 60dration. "u+9 "i+e EF Huic*li+e as it co+es fro+ *ilns. uilding li+e s6all .e classified as .erlo4EF Class AF E+inentl0 60draulic li+es used for structural 9ur9oses. Class EF 'e+i 60draulic li+es used for +ortal for +asonr0 4or*. Class CEF >at li+e used +ainl0 for finis6ing coat in 9lastering. 46ite 4as6ing and 4it6 suita.le ad+ixture@ suc6 as sur*6i or an0 ot6er 9oBBolanic +aterial to 9roduce artificial 60draulic +otar.

$.+.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

$.+.$.1.

$.+.$.$.

$.+.$.%.

$.+.$.'.

$.+.$.(. $.+.%. Classi4icatio0.- $.+.%.1.

$.+.'.

Ph1sical a03 Che/ical Re<uire/e0ts.

$.+.'.1.

360sical reDuire+ents EF T6e 960sical reDuire+ents of .uilding li+e is as given in Ta.le I. '6

$.+.'.$.

C6e+ical reDuire+ents EF T6e c6e+ical reDuire+ents of .uilding li+e s6all .e as given in ta.le II. Class A li+e s6all .e su99lied as 60drated li+e onl0. Class and Class C li+e s6all .e su99lied .ot6 as Duic* li+e and 60drated li+e. 10drated li+e s6all .e in t6e for+ of a fine dr0 9o4der 9roduced .0 treating Duic* li+e in an0 suita.le for+ 4it6 sufficient 4ater so as to 9roduce a Gdr0G sound 9roduct. T6e +aterial s6all .e su99lied at t6e site and stac*ed as given .elo4 in a store or an0 ot6er 9lace to .e dr0 and under co+er 4ell 9rotected for+ rain. Huic* li+e deteriorates Duic*l0 as it attracts +oisture and car.on dioxide fro+ at+os96ere as suc6 s6ould .e run to 9utt0 as Duic*l0 as 9ossi.le. >or storing it s6ould .e 9iled u9 and covered 4it6 a .lan*et of li+e dust to exclude +oist air. ?6en 60drated li+e is to .e stored for a long ti+e it s6ould .e filled in .ags and *e9t in a dr0 9lace. "i+e 46ic6 6as .een reCected .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense 4it6in - da0s. Huic* and 60drated li+es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0@ in Duintals. T6e class of li+e .eing s9ecified.

$.+.(.

Suppl1 a03 Storage.

$.+.(.1. $.+.(.$.

$.+.(.%.

$.+.(.'.

$.+.(.(.

$.+.(.+.

$.+.+.

Re@ecte3 !i/e. $.+.+.1.

$.+.,.

2o3e o4 $.+.,.1. 2easure/e0t .

TAB!E I Ph1sical Re<uire/e0ts o4 Buil3i0g !i/es. S. No. Characteri stics. $ >ineness. Class A % '6all leave no residue on I' 'ieve 22/@ not +ore t6an 5 9ercent on I' 'ilver ,5 and t6e fractions Re<uire/e0t For Class B Class C Huic: &13rate Huic: &13rate3 li/e. 3 !i/e. !i/e. li/e. ' ( + , '6all '6all leave no -leave no -residue on I' residue 'ieve ,5@ not on I' +ore t6an 5 'ieve 9ercent on I' 22/@ not 'ieve -/ and +ore t6e fraction

1 <I=

'1

after 9assing t6roug6 I' 'ieve ,5 s6all leave not +ore t6an 1/ 9ercent on I.'.'ieve -/.

<ii=

Co+9ressiv 1).5 7g. 9er sD e 'trengt6@ c+ <or 25/ I. +in. 9er sD in .= after -12 da0s and 2,./ 9er sD c+. <or 2// I. 9er sD in = after 2, da0s.

<iii=

Transverse 'trengt6.

%odulus of ru9ture not less t6an 1/.5 *g 9er sD c+ <or 15/ I. 9er in.= at 2, da0s.

--

<iv=

Volu+e ;ields.

--

--

t6an 5 9ercent on I' 'ieve ,5 and t6e fraction 9assing t6roug6 I' 'ieve ,5 s6all leave not +ore t6an 1/ 9ercent on I' 'ieve -/. In case of se+e60draulic li+e 12.5 *g. 9er sD c+ <or 1)5 I. 9er sD in= after 12 da0 and 1).5 *g. 9er sD c+ <or 25/ I. 9er sD in.= at 2, da0s. T6e strengt6 at 2, da0s s6all@ 6o4ever@ s6o4 an increase over t6at at 12 da0s. %odules of ru9ture not less t6an )./ *g 9er sD. c+ <1// I. 9er sD in.= at 2, da0s. --

9assing t6roug6 I' 'ieve -/ s6all leave not +ore t6an 1/ 9ercent on I' 'ieve 2/.

--

--

1.) +l 9er g. or as agreed.

--

'$

TAB!E II C&E2ICA! CO2POSITION OF !I2ES '. No. Constituent Class A 3ercent. <i= Calciu+ and +agnesiu+ oxide@ <a= +in. <.= +ax. 'ilica@ alu+ina and ferric oxide@ +in. Insolu.le residue in 60droc6loric acid less t6e silica@ +ax. "oss on ignition@ +ax &eDuire+ents for Class Class C Huic* 10drated Huic* 10drated 3ercent. 3ercent. 3ercent. 3ercent.

(/ )/ 25 2

)/ -15 -

)/ -15 2

,5 ----

,5 ----

<ii= <iii=

<iv=

--

<a=5 <for lu+9li+e= <.= <for groundli+e= 5 5

<v=

Car.on dioxide@ +ax.

<a= 5 <for lu+9 li+e= <.= for ground li+e= 5

--5

Note for Ta.le No. I EFF >or t6e reDuire+ents setting ti+e@ 4or*a.ilit0@ soundness@ 9o99ing and 9itting refer I.'. E)12 Note for Ta.le No. IIEFF T6e C6e+ical co+9osition of Class A@ Class @ Class C li+es ex9ressed on an ignited .asic <in res9ect of ite+ <i=@ <ii= : <iii=.

'%

$.,. CE2ENT $.,.1. Scope . 2.).1.1. T6is s9ecification covers various t09es of ce+ents@ t6eir su99l0@ storage and +ode of +easure+ent. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified ce+ent s6all confor+ to follo4ing Indian 'tandard '9ecifications. Ordinar0@ &a9id 6ardening and "o4 6eat 9ort land Ce+ent I.'. E 2(5 last furnace stag 9ortland ce+ent I.'. 255. Ot6er ce+ent@ for 46ic6 Indian standards are not availa.le@ s6all .e of suc6 +anufacture as a99roved .0 t6e Executive Engineer. Ce+ent s6all .e delivered at t6e site of 4or* in .atc6es to co++ensurate 4it6 t6e 9rogress of t6e 4or*. It +a0 eit6er .e su99lied fro+ t6e de9art+ental store or +a0 .e su99lied .0 t6e contractor. In later case t6e contractor s6all 9roduce a test certificate a.out t6e Dualit0 of t6e ce+ent delivered@ failing 46ic6 t6e Engineer s6all get it tested at 6is end@ t6e cost of all suc6 testing s6all .e .orne .0 t6e contractor. ce+ent s6all .e stored in da+9 9roof and draug6t free s6eds on a raised floor to 9revent deterioration and s6all .e used in t6e order in 46ic6 it is received. T6e store s6all .e large enoug6 to 6old sufficient ce+ent to ensure t6e continuit0 of t6e 4or* and eac6 consign+ent s6all .e stac*ed se9aratel0 t6erein to 9er+it eas0 access for ins9ection. T6e ce+ent .ags s6ould .e stored clear of 4alls. ags s6all not .e stac*ed +ore t6an 2 +etres 6ig6 to avoid G?are6ousing 'etG 46ic6 resulting fro+ ce+ent .eco+ing co+9acted. An0 da+age occuring to ce+ent .T6e to ce+ent due to fault0 storage in contractor8s s6eds s6all .e 6is lia.ilit0. T6e ce+ent s6all .e used as far as 9ossi.le in t6e order in 46ic6 it 6as .een stored. if for an0 reason t6e stored ce+ent s6o4s signs of deterioration or conta+ination it s6all .e got tested .efore use@ to ascertain its strengt6@ setting ti+e etc. Ce+ent s6all .e +easured in Duintals or .0 nu+.er of .ags received.

$.,.$.

#e0eral .

2.).2.1.

<a= <.= 2.).2.2.

$.,.%.

Suppl1 .

2.).-.1.

$.,.'.

Storage .

2.).2.1.

%ode of %easure+ent E

2.).5.1.

''

$.- SAN" $.-.1. Scope . 2.,.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for sand reDuired in li+e or ce+ent +ortars for +asonr0@ 9laster an0 ot6er 4or* .ut excludes sand as fine aggregates for concrete 4or*s for 46ic6 s9ecification No. 2.1.1. s6ould .e referred. Natural 'and EF >ine aggregate 9roduced .0 t6e natural disintegration of roc*s. Crus6ed 'tone 'and EF >ine aggregates 9roduced .0 artifical crus6ing of t6e notural gravel. T6e sand s6all not contain 6ar+ful in9urities li*e iron 90rites@ al*alies@ salts@ coal@ +ica@ s6ale or si+ilar la+inated or ot6er +aterials@ in suc6 for+ or in suc6 Duantities as to effect adversel0 t6e 9ro9erties of sand. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer t6e +axi+u+ Duantit0 of cla0@ fine silt and fine dust in sand s6all not .e +ore t6an 2 J .0 4eig6t in case of t6e natural sands and crus6ed gravel sands and not +ore t6an 1/ J .0 4eig6t in t6e case of crus6ed stone sands. T6e organic i+9urities in sand s6all not exceed t6e li+its s9ecified in I.'. -,-.. $rading s6all .e deter+ined in accordance to A99endix A to t6is c6a9ter. >or li+e +ortars EFF T6e sand for li+e +ortar s6all .e suc6 t6at 46en sieved t6roug6 a set of standard sieves for fine@ aggregates@ (/ to 55J of it s6all 9ass t6roug6 I.'. 'ieve No. 22/ and a.out / to 15J of it s6all 9ass t6roug6 I.'. 'ieve No. 15. >or 9lasters and for ce+ent +ortars ET6e grading of sand for internal 4all and ceiling 9laster s6all .e 4it6in t6e li+its given in t6e ta.le given .elo4 < as 9er I.'. E1522=.

$.-.$.

T1pe o4 sa03 .

2.,.2.1. 2.,.2.2.

$.-.%.

Hualit1 o4 Sa03 2.,.-.1.

2.,.-.-.

$.-.'.

#ra3i0g o4 Sa03 .

2.,.2.1.

<a= <i=

<.= <i=

'(

TAB!E I REH IRE2ENTS OR #RA"IN# FOR SAN"S FOR INTERNA! AA!! AN" CEI!IN# P!ASTERS. I.S. Sie8e. 2.-( ++. 1.1, ++. (// +icron -// +icron 15/ +icron . TAB!E II REH IRE2ENTS OF #RA"IN# FOR SAN"S FOR E)TERNA! P!ASTERIN# AN" REN"ERIN#. I.'. 'ieve. 2,/ 22/ 12/ (/ -/ 15 .'. 'ieve. -N1( ) 12 25 52 1// 3ercentage 9assing .0 4eigt6. Class A Class . 1// 1// 1/-1// 5/-1// )/-1// )/-1// 2/-,5 2/-55 5-5/ 1/-(5 /-1/ /-15 B.S. Sie8e. ) 12 25 52 1// Perce0tage passi0g =1 >eigth. Class A. Class B. <5,-1// for under coasts. <5,-1// for under coat.. <1// for finis6ing coasts. <1// for finis6ing. <,/-55 for under coat. <,/-1// for under coats. <55-1// for finis6ing coats. <55-1// for finis6ing. -/-,5 -/-55 5-5/ 5-(5 /-1/ /-15

<i=

Note E--1. Class A sands s6all .e used generall0 for 9laster 4or*@ .ut 46ere t6e0 are not availa.le@ Class sands s6all .e used. #eviation of a.out 5J fro+ t6e s9ecified li+its in t6e grading for fractions 9assing t6roug6 I.'. E 12/ and (/ onl0@ +a0 .e allo4ed.

2.

<i= In case of t6e finis6ing coats of 9lasters@ t6e grading de9ends on t6e finis6ing treat+ent. T6e grading s9ecified vide ta.le I and II 4ill .e follo4ed for t6e under coats and for so+e of t6e finis6ing coats suc6 as t6e s+oot6 <floated= finis6ed@ t6e scra9ed finis6ed @ and for 9e..le-das6 or dr0 das6 finis6ed coats.

<iii= &oug6 ast >inis6ed 9laster s6all conta in +uc6 of t6e coarse 9art of aggregate in co+9arison to t6e finer 9ortions de9ending on t6e texture of t6e finis6. $enerall0 t6e 9ro9ortion of coarse <+aterial retained on I.'. E2,/ 'ieve = to fine aggregate s6all .e 1E2 . '+

<iv= >or finis6es o.tain .0 treating t6e fres6l0 a99lied final coats 4it6 a tool@ t6e sand s6all .e seived t6roug6 I.'. 'eive t6roug6 No. 22/ and t6e +aterial retained over it s6all .e discarded. $.-.(. Bul:i0g o4 sa03 2.,.5.1. . ul*ing of sand s6all .e in accordance to ta.le IV. under s9ecification No. 2.11. #ue allo4ance for t6e .ul*ing of sand s6all .e +ade 46ile 9re9aring t6e +ix. 'and s6all .e stac*ed in regular stac*s on a clean and 6ard surface and never on t6e +udd0 ground@ conta+inated 4it6 organic +atters. 'tac*ing s6all .e done in standard stac*s 9rescri.ed under s9ecification No. 2.1. 'and s6all .e +easured in stac*ing s6all .e +ade .0 +easuring t6e (/ c+. 6ig6 stac* as 5/ c+. 6ig6. Allo4ance for looseness in stac*ing s6all .e +ade .0 +easuring t6e (/ c+ 6ig6 stac* as 5/ c+. 6ig6. Allo4ance for +oisture s6all .e +ade as 9er ta.le IV under s9ecification No. 2.11 G Aggregates for ConcreteG

$.-.+.

Sta:i0g o4 2aterials .

2.,.(.1.

$.-.,.

2o3e o4 2.,.).1. 2easure/e0t . 2.,.).2.

2.,.).-.

',

$.-. A "ETER2INATION OF #RA"IN#

$.- A.1.

Apparatus

2., A.1. 1

'ieve of t6e siBes given .elo4@ confor+ing to I.'. E 2(/ GIndian 'tandards '9ecification for Test 'ieveG@ s6all .e used for t6e deter+ination of grading. Test 'ieves for fine Aggregates E-I.'. 'ieve No. 2.)( ++@2.-( ++. (// +icron. .'. 'ieve No. -N1(@ )@ 12@ 25@ 52@ 1//.

$.-.A.$

Sa/ple .

2.,.A.2.1.

15 7g <2, I.s.= of la.orator0 sa+9le s6all .e ta*en and fro+ t6is@ sa+9le for sieving s6all .e 9re9ared eit6er .0 Duartering or .0 +eans of a sa+9le s9litter. T6e sa+9le for sieving s6all not 4eig6 less t6an 1N2 *g. <1I.=. T6e sa+9le s6all .e dried <surface dr0=@ cooled and 4eig6ed. It s6all t6an .e 9assed t6roug6 t6e set of 'ieves given in 2.,.A.1.1. starting 4it6 t6e largest one. Care s6all .e ta*en to ensure t6at t6e sieve clean and dr0 .efore use. If t6e sieving is carried out .0 6and@ eac6 sieve s6all .e s6a*en se9aratel0 over a clean tra0 for a 9eriod of t4o +inutes@ .0 giving a +otion .ac*4ards and for4ards rotating cloc*-4ise and anticloc*4ise and side4a0s@ so t6at t6e 9articles on sieve *ee9s on rotation. 'ieving s6all not .e 6el9ed g0 using 6and or .0 .rus6es. "u+9s of fine +aterial +a0 .e .ro*en .0 gentle 9ressure 4it6 fingers against t6e sides of t6e sieves. In case sieving is carried out 4it6 t6e set of sieves arranged in t6e given order on t6e +ac6ine@ sieving s6all .e done constantl0 for 1/ +inutes. On co+9letion of sieving +aterial retained on eac6 sieve toget6er 4it6 an0 +aterial cleaned fro+ t6e +es6@ s6all .e 4eig6ed on a .alance sensitive to /.1J of t6e 4eig6t of t6e test sa+9le. T6e 9ercentage .0 4eig6t retained on eac6 sieve s6all .e calculated and result s6all .e given to t6e nearest /.1J . T6e cu+ulative 9ercentage .0 4eig6t of t6e total sa+9le 9assing eac6 of t6e sieve s6all .e calculated and recorded to nearest 46ole nu+.er. '-

$.-.A.%.

Proce3ure .

2.,.A.-.1.

2.,.A.-.2.

2.,.A.-.-.

2.,.A.-.2.

$.-.A.'.

Report .

2.,.A.2.1.

$.-.A.(.

A3@ust/e0t o4 2.,.A.5.1. #ra3i0 g.

T6e re9ort o.tained as 9er 2.,.A.2 s6all .e co+9ared 4it6 t6e reDuired grading of sand@ <$iven in clause 2.,.A.2 of t6e s9ecification=. If ordered .0 t6e Engineer@ t6e deviation fro+ t6e standard grading@ as found s6all .e +ade good .0 adding or .0 sieving out calculated a+ount of certain fraction of 'and. N. . >or deter+ination of cla0 contents and organic and ot6er i+9urities @ tests s6all .e carried out in accordance to I.'. 2-,( <3art II= -15(-.

$.-.A.1

Apparatus .

2.,.A.1.1.

'ieves of t6e siBes given .elo4 @ confor+ing to I.'.E2(/ G Indian 'tandards '9ecification for Test 'ievesG. s6all .e used for t6e deter+ination of grading. Test 'ieves for fine Aggregates E-I.'.'ieve No 2.)( ++. @ 2.-( ++@ 1.1( ++@ (// +icron@ -// +icron and 15/ +icron. .'. 'ieve No. -N1(@ )@ 12@ 25@ 52@ 1//.

2.,.A.2.

Sa/ple .

2.,.A.2.1.

15 *g. <I.s= of la.orator0 sa+9le s6all .e ta*en and fro+ t6is@ sa+9le for sieving s6all .e 9re9ared eit6er .0 Duartering or .0 +eans of a sa+9le s9litter. T6e sa+9le for sieving s6all .e not 4eig6 less t6an 1N2 *g. =1 I..=. T6e sa+9le s6all .e dried <surface dr0=.cooled and 4eig6ed . It s6all t6an .e 9assed t6roug6 t6e set of sieves given in 2.,.A.1.1. starting 4it6 t6e largest one. Care s6all .e ta*en to ensure t6at t6e sieves are clean and dr0 .efore use. If t6e sieving is carried out .0 6and@ eac6 sieve s6all .e s6a*en se9aratel0 over a clean tra0 for a 9eriod of t4o +inutes@ .0 giving a +otion .ac*4ards and for4ards rotating cloc*-4ise and anticloc*4ise and side4a0s@ so t6at t6e 9articles on sieve *ee9s on rotating. 'ieving s6all not .e 6el9ed .0 using 6and or .0 .rus6es. "u+9s of fine +aterial +a0 .e .ro*en .0 gentle 9ressure 4it6 fingers against t6e sides of t6e sieves. In case sieving is carried out 4it6 t6e set of sieves arranged in t6e given order on t6e +ac6ine@ sieving s6all .e done constantl0 for 1/ +inutes. '5

2.,.A.-.

Proce3ure .

2.,.A.-.1.

2.,.A.-.2.

2.,.A.-.-.

2.,.A.-.2.

On co+9letion of sieving +aterial on eac6 sieve toget6er 4it6 an0 +aterial cleaned fro+ t6e +es6@ s6all .e 4eig6ed on a .lance sensitive to /.1J of t6e 4eig6t of t6e test sa+9le. T6e 9ercentage .0 4eig6t retained on eac6 sieve s6all .e given to t6e nearest /.1J. T6e cu+ulative 9ercentage .0 4eig6t of t6e total sa+9le 9assing eac6 of t6e sieves s6all .e calculated and recorded to nearest 46ole nu+.er. T6e re9ort o.tained as 9er 2.,.A.2. s6all .e co+9ared 4it6 t6e reDuired grading of sand@ <$iven in clause 2.,.A.2. of t6e s9ecification=. If ordered .0 t6e Engineer@ t6e deviation fro+ t6e standard gradings@ as found s6all .e +ade good .0 adding or .0 sieving out calculated a+ount of certain fraction of sand. N. . >or deter+ination of cla0 contents and organic and ot6er i+9unities tests s6all .e carried out in accordance to I.'. 2-,( <3artII=-15(-.

2.,.A.2.

Report .

2.,.A.2.1.

2.,.A.5.

A@ustu/e0t o4 2.,.A.5.1. #ar3i0 g.

(6

$.5. S R9&I

$.5.1

Scope .

2.5.1.1.

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding fineness and strengt6 of 'ur*6i as used in +ortars and also covers its +ode of +easure+ent. 'ur*6i is t6e na+e given to 9o4dered .urnt .ric*s. .ric* .ats or .urnt loa+ and is used as an ad+ixture to li+e. ce+ent or .ot6 for +a*ing structural +ortal. ?6en o.tained .0 grinding .ric*s@ 'ur*6i s6all al4a0s .e o.tained fro+ full0 .urnt or slig6tl0 under .urnt@ .ut never fro+ over .urnt .ric*s. 'ur*6i o.tained fro+ .urnt loa+ s6all not contain an0 un.urnt soil. 'ur*6i s6all .e 9erfectl0 clean free fro+ ads+exture ar an0 foreign +atter and s6all confor+ to I.'. 1-22. 'ur*6i s6all not contain solu.le sul96ate +ore t6an /.5J for ex9osed 4or* and 4or* in da+9 situations and not +ore t6an 1./J 46en used for 4or*s in dr0 and internal situations. 'ur*6i s6all not .e used in situation 46ere is +uc6 salt in t6e soil. On sieving t6roug6 I.'. sieve No. 5 t6e residue left on t6e sieve s6all not .e +ore t6an 1/J .0 4eig6t of t6e sa+9le. Co+9ressive 'trengt6 E-'tandard test cu.es )./( c+ siBe 9re9ared fro+ 1 E - +ix one 9art of +ixture <co+9rising of 2 9art sur*6i and one 9art ce+ent= and - 9art standard sand 46en tested for co+9ressive strengt6 tested in accordance to A99endix 8C8 of I.'. 1-22 and co+9ared 4it6 ce+ent +ortar <1E-= +ix under si+ilar condition@ and s6all give t6e follo4ing results E-<a= At t6e age of 2, da0s --,/J of t6e strengt6 of corres9onding c.+. cu.e. <.= At t6e age of 5/ da0s -- EDual strengt6.

$.5.$.

2.5.2.1.

$.5.%.

2a0u4acture .

2.5.-.1.

2.5.-.-. $.5.'. #e0eral 2.5.2.1. Proper ties . 2.5.2.2.

2.5.2.-.

2.5.2.2. 2.5.2.2.1.

2.5.2.5. 2.5.2.5.1.

"i+e reactivit0 E?6en tested in accordance to A99endix (1

of I.'. 1-22 t6e li+e reactivit0 of sur*6i s6all .e suc6 t6at t6e average co+9ressive strengt6 of test cu.es <of side )./(c+.= on seven da0 of curing s6all not .e less t6an 2/ *gNsD c+. Cu.es s6all .e 9re9ared fro+ one of "i+e 'ur*6i +ortar <1E2= +ixed 4it6 t6ree 9arts standard sand. $.5.(. Stac:i0g . 2.5.5.1. 'ur*6i s6all .e stac*ed on +asonr0 or 4ooden 9latfor+ in regular stac*s as 9er s9ecification No. 2.1 at t6e 9laces as directed .0 t6e Engineer and s6all .e 9rotected fro+ dust@ rain and da+9ness and s6all .e *e9t under adeDuate coverings 9rovided .0 t6e Contractor. 'ur*6i s6all .e +easured in Cu.ic +etres in standard stac*s as s9ecified under '9ecification No. 2.1. Allo4ance for looseness of stac*s s6all .e +ade .0 +easuring (/ c+. 6ig6 stac*s as 5/ c+. 6ig6.

$.5.+.

2o3e o4 2.5.(.1. 2easu re/e0t .

($

$.16 CIN"ER A##RE#ATES FOR SE !I2E CONCRETE

2.1/.1

Scope .

2.1/.1.1.

T6is standard la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for cinder for use as coarse and fine aggregates in li+e concrete. Cinder@ 46ic6 is availa.le in 9len+t0 as a 4aste 9roduct fro+ "oco+otives@ t6er+al 9o4er 6ouses@ etc. and 9ossesses 9oBBolanic 9ro9erties can .e advantageousl0 utiliBed as a .uilding +aterial. Its 9oBBolonic 9ro9erties +a*e it 9articularl0 suita.le as an aggregate for li+e concrete. $eneral E-- Cinder aggregates s6all .e .urnt furnace residue o.tained fro+ furnaces using coal fuel onl0. It s6all .e clean and free fro+ cla0@ dirt@ 4ood as6 or ot6er deleterious +atter. 'olu.le sul96ate E-- T6e contents of solu.le sul96ate as deter+ined .0 t6e +et6od laid do4n in c6a9ter 2 clause 2.2 if ex9lanator0 Notes@ s6all not exceed 1./ 9ercent 46en ex9ressed as sul96ur trioxide. "oss on lgnition E-- T6e contents of solu.le sul96ate as deter+ined .0 t6e +et6od laid do4n in c6a9ter 2 <clause 2.5= of ex9lanator0 Notes@ s6all not exceed t6e values given in Ta.le I.

2.1/.2.

#e0eral .

2.1/.2.1.

2.1/.-.

Hualit1 o4 2.1/.-.1. Aggreg ates .

2.1/.-.2.

2.1/.-.-.

TAB!E I TAB!E I A!!OAAB!E PERCENTA#E !OSS OF AEI#&T ON I#NITION

Class A

se Aggregate for use li+e concrete for general 9ur9oses. Aggregate for use in li+e concrete for interior 4or* not ex9osed to da+9 conditions. Aggregate for 9recast li+e concrete .loc*s.

!oss o0 ig0itio0 perce0t. 1/

2/

25

2.1/.-.2.

'oundness E-- T6e aggregate s6all .e sound@ 46en tested in accordance 4it6 t6e +et6od laid do4n in A99endex C@ of t6e I.'. In vie4 of t6e nature and availa.ilit0 of t6e +aterial a strict li+it connot .e laid on grading of t6e aggregate. (%

2.1/.2.

Si;e o4 Aggreg ate.

2.1/.2.1.

2.1/.2.2.

T6e average grading for coarse and fine cinder aggregate is indicate ta.le II and Ta.le III for guidance.

TAB!E II #RA"IN# OF COARSE A##RE#ATE. I.'. 'ieve #esignation. ,/++. 2/++. 2/++. 1/++. 2.)5++. 2.-(++. No+inal siBe of graded No+inal 'iBe of 'ingle Aggregate in ++. Aggregate in ++. 2/ 1 2/ 1 1/ 2/ 1 2/ 1 1/ 3ercentage 3assing 3ercentage 3assing 1// ----1// ----5/-1// 1// --,5-1// 1// --1/-)/ 5/-1// 1// 5-25 ,5-1// 1// 5--/ 1/-)/ 5/-1// /-5 5-25 5/-1// /-5 /-1/ /-2/ -/-5 /-2/ /-2 /-5 /-) --/-5 TAB!E II #RA"IN# OF T&E A##RE#ATE. I.S. Sie8e 3esig0atio0 . 1/++. 2.)5++. 1.1,++. -// +icron. 15/ +icron. Perce0tage Passi0g 1// ,5-1// 2/-,/ 1/--5 5-25

('

$.11 A##RE#ATES FOR CE2ENT CONCRETE

2.11.1.

Scope .

2.11.1.1.

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuest+ents for Dualit0@ grading and +ode of +easure+ents for coarse and fine aggregates derived fro+ natural and used fro concrete. Aggregate E- T6e ter+ aggregate is used to define t6e gravels@ stones and 46ic6 are +ixed 4it6 ce+ent and 4ater to for+ concrete. Aggregates s6all .e classified as underE>ine Aggregate E- s6all +ean aggregate +ainl0 9assing t6roug6 2/)5 ++. I.'. 'ieve <-N1(=. >ine aggregate resulting fro+ natural disintegration or crus6ing of roc* *no4n as sand. Coarse Aggregate E- s6all .e +ean aggregate +ainl0 retained on 2.)5 ++. I.'. 'ieve. All in aggregate E- '6all +ean +aterial co+9osed of fine and coarse aggregate collected directl0 fro+ 9it@ river .ed or crus6ing 9lant. Aggregate s6all consist of naturall0 occurring sand@ gravel or stone@ crus6ed or uncrus6ed or a co+.ination t6eirof . T6e0 s6all .e 6ard@ strong@ dense@ dura.le@ clean and free fro+ ad6erant coation. As far as 9ossi.le@ fla*0 and elongated 9ieces s6all .e avoided. Aggregates s6all not contain an0 6ar+ful +aterial suc6 as iron 90rite@ Coal@ +ica@ s6ell or si+ilar la+inated +aterial cla0@ al*ali@ soft frag+ents@ sea s6ells@ organic i+9urities etc. in suc6 Duantit0 so as to adversel0 effect t6e strengt6 or dura.ilit0 of concrete or in addition to t6e a.ove@ for reinforced concrete@ an0 +aterial 46ic6 +ig6t t6e reinforce+ent. T6e +axi+u+ Duantit0 of deleterious +aterials suc6 as coal@ lignite@ cla0 lu+9s@ s6ell@ soft roc* <in case of coarse aggregates= and +aterial 9assing )5 +icron I.'.E 'ieve s6all not exceed a total of 5 9ercent 46en tested in accordance 4it6 I.'. 2-,(G %et6od of test for aggregates for concreteG.

2.11.2

"e4i0itio0 .

2.11.2.1.

<a=

<.=

<c=

2.11.-.

Hualit1

o4 2.11.-.1. Aggreg ate .

2.11.-.2. 2.11.2. "eleterious 2ateri als . 2.11.2.1.

2.11.5.

Aggregate

2.11.5.1.

T6e aggregate crus6ing value 46en ((

Crushi 0g Ealue .

deter+ined in accordance 4it6 I.'. E 2-,(-15(- <3ast IV= G %et6od of Test for aggregate for concreteG s6all not exceed 25 9ercent for aggregates used for concrete ot6er t6an used for 4earing surfaces <na+el0 roads@ 9aving and si+ilar surfaces=. Coarse aggregate E- 'ingle seBed or graded coarse aggregate s6all .e as 9er no+inal siBe given in t6e sc6edule. >or an0 of t6e no+inal siBes s9ecified t6e 9ro9ortions of various siBe as deter+ined in accordance 4it6 I.'. E2-,(-15(- <3art I= s6all .e 4it6in t6e li+its given in t6e Ta.le I.

2.11.(.

Si;e

o4 2.11.(.1. Aggreg ate .

TAB!E I COARSE A##RE#ATES. (I.S. %-%-15+%) I.'. 'ieve #esignation. (-++ ,/++ 1// (-++ ,51// 2/++ /--/ 2/++ 1(++ 12.5++ 1/++ 2.)5++ 2.-(++ /-5 ----------3ercentage 9assing for single siBed Aggregate of No+inal siBe. 2/++ 2/++ 1(++ 12.5++ 1/++ --------1// ------,51// /-2/ ----/-5 ----1// ,51// ----/-2/ /-5 ----1// ,51// -/-/ /-5 ---1// ,5-1// /-25 /-1/ ----1// ,51// /-2/ /-5 3ercentage 9assing for $raded Aggregate of No+inal siBe. 2/++ 2/++ 1(++ 12.5++ 1// -------5/1// -/-)/ --1/--5 /-5 -1// 551// --25-55 /-1/ --1// 5/1// --/-)/ /-1/ --1// -5/-1// 2/-,5 /-1/ --

Note E- >or t6e coarse aggregate .ot6 single siBed and graded aggregates 6ave .een included in t6e a.ove ta.le. T6e one used s6all de9end u9on t6e source@ and 46it6er t6e aggregate is crus6er run or 6and .ro*en. 2.11.(.2. >ine Aggregate E- T6e grading of fine aggregate s6all .e 4it6in t6e li+its given in t6e ta.le .elo4 and s6all .e descri.ed as >ine aggregate $rading Oone I@ II@ III@ or IV in t6e order or fineness of aggregates. >or crus6ed stone sand t6e 9er+issi.le li+its on 15/ %icron I.'. sieve is increased to 2/ 9ercent@ 4it6out affecting t6e 5J tolerance over ot6er sieves. $rading Oone IV +aterial s6ould not .e used for concrete in reinforced 'tructures. Note E- <1= >ine aggregate co+9l0ing (+

4it6 t6e reDuire+ents of an0 grading Bone given in Ta.le II is suita.le for +a*ing concrete .ut t6e Dualit0 of concrete 4ould de9end u9on a nu+.er of factors including t6e +ix of fine aggregate to t4o 9arts of coarse aggregate@ are not t6e +ost suita.le for all +aterial covered .0 t6e four grading Bones. 6o4ever de9ending u9on t6e grading of coarse aggregate even using t6e 1E2 ratio t6e concrete 9roduced 4ould .e satisfactor0 for +an0 .uilding 9ur9oses. <2= ?6en concrete of 6ig6 strengt6 and good dura.ilit0 is reDuired fine aggregate fro+ an0 one of t6e four grading Bones designed. As t6e fine aggregate grading .eco+es 9rogressivel0 finer 9assing fro+ $rading Bone 1 to $rading Bone IV t6e ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate s6ould .e 9rogressivel0 reduced. >or Exa+9le E- Tests on concrete +ixes of 1E ( 9ro9ortions indicate t6at concrete could .e +ade 6aving t6e sa+e 4ater Ce+ent ratio@ 4or*a.ilit0 and strengt6 using t09ical fine aggregate fro+ Bone No. I@ ii@ iii@ or VI@ if t6e fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratios 4ere a99roxi+atel0 1E1M@ 1E2@ 2E-@ and used for an0 9articular +ix 4ill. 6o4ever@ de9end u9on t6e actual grading @ t6e 9article s6a9e and t6e surface texture of .ot6 t6e fine and coarse aggregates.
TAB!E II FINE A##RE#ATES. I.S. Sie8e. "esig0atio0. 1/ ++ 2.)5 ++ 2.-( ++ 1.1, ++ (//--%icron -//--%icron 15/--%icron Perce0tage passi0g 4or. #ra3i0g I. 1// 5/-1// (/-55 -/-)/ 15--2 5-2/ /-1/ #ra3i0g II. 1// 5/-1// )5-1// 55-5/ -5-55 ,--/ /-1/ #ra3i0g III. 1// 5/-1// ,5-1// )5-1// (/-)5 12-2/ /-1/ #ra3i0g IE. 1// 55-1// 55-1// 5/-1// ,/-1// 15-5/ /-15

(,

2.11.(.-.

All in Aggregate E- If co+.ined aggregate are availa.le. t6e0 need not .e se9arated into fine and coarse .ut necessar0 adCust+ents +a0 .e +ade in t6e grading .0 addition of single siBe aggregates to o.tain t6e s9ecified grading. >or 2/ ++. and 2/ ++. no+inal siBe of aggregate t6e final grading s6all .e as under Ta.le III. 'a+9le of Aggregate 9ro9osed to .e used for t6e concrete 4or* s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore t6e start of t6e 4or*. All su.seDuent su99lies s6all 9refera.l0 .e o.tained fro+ t6e sa+e source and confor+ to t6e sa+9le 46ic6 s6all re+ain in t6e custod0 of t6e Engineer. In case 46ere deleterious +aterial contained are dirt@ fine dust 46ic6 exceed t6e 9er+issi.le li+its a.ove@ .ut can .e .roug6t do4n .0 9er-4as6ing of aggregates@ t6e Engineer +a0 9er+it t6e use of suc6 +aterials@ 9rovided after 4as6ing t6e 9ercentage of deleterious +aterials do not exceed t6e 9er+issi.le li+it.

2.11.).

Sa/ple .

2.11.).1.

2.11.,

Aashi0g o4 2.11.,.1. Aggreg ates .-

TAB!E III A!! - IN - A##RE#ATE #RA"IN#. I.S. Sie8e "esig0atio0. ,/ ++ 2/ ++ 2/ ++ 2.)5 ++ (// %icron 15/ %icron Perce0tage Passi0g 4or All i0- aggregate o4 '6 // No/i0al si;e. $6 // No/i0al si;e. 1// ---55-1// 1// 25-)5 55-1// 25-25 -/-5/ ,--/ 1/--( /-( /-(

Note E-- All in Aggregate is not reco++ended for reinforced concrete 4or* as t6e grading is ver0 lia.le to var0 and t6e 4ide range of siBes increases t6e rate of segregation. 2.11.5. Bul:i0g o4 2.11.5.1. Fi0e Aggreg ates (Sa03) . In t6e no+inal nixes s9ecified .0 volu+e t6e fine aggregate <sand= is assu+ed to .e dr0. #r0 and saturated 'ands 6ave al+ost t6e sa+e volu+e .ut da+9 sand increases in volu+e < ul*ing= .0 as +uc6 as 25--/ 9ercent de9ending u9on +oisture content. T6e actual a+ount of .ul*ing var0ing 4it6 t6e grading of t6e sand. (-

#ue allo4ance for .ul*ing +ust .e +ade in t6e no+inal +ix of concrete .ased on volu+e +easure+ents. T6e .ul*ing allo4ance for an0 sa+9le of sand s6all .e got deter+ined <&efer C6a9ter - ex9lanator0 Notes= >or guidance 6o4ever t6e ta.le IV .elo4 gives a relation .et4een t6e +oisture content and 9ercentage of .ul*ing. TAB!E IE %oisture content 9ercentage .0 4t. 2 2 5 2.11.5. Bul:i0g o4 2.11.1/.1 Fi0e Aggreg ates (Sa03) ul*ing 9ercent.<volu+e= 15 2/ 25 -/ T6e +aterial s6all .e so stored so as to 9revent conta+ination and stagnation. If stored in 9iles on t6e ground. T6e aggregate s6ould not .e du+9ed on loa+@ +ud or grass so t6at on re6andling dirt and ru..is6 are carried to t6e concrete. If a clean and 6ard surface is not availa.le a 9latfor+ of 9lan*s or a floor of .ric*s s6ould .e 9re9ared to receive t6e aggregates. T6e Aggregates s6all .e laid in regular stac*s as 9er s9ecification 2.1 and +easured in cu.ic +etres.

2.11.11.

2o3e o4 2.11.11.1 2easu re/e0t .

(5

$.1$ 9AN9AR

2.12.1

SCOPE

2.12.1.1.

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ent for s6a9e@ siBe etc. and +ode of +easure+ent of 7an*ar. 7an*ar used for .allast or for +anufacturing li+e s6all .e 6ard@ clean and s6all s6o4 a .luis6 surface on fracture. T6e Duarr0 fro+ 46ic6 t6e *an*ar is o.tained s6all .e su.Cect to t6e a99roval of t6e Engineer. 7an*ar s6all .e sngular in s6a9e and of and siBes as given .elo4 E>or .urning "i+e 25 to )5 ++ siBe. As .allast for concrete 12 to 5/ ++ siBe. >or soling ---- )5 to 15/ ++ siBe. T6e *an*ar s6all .e cleaned of eart6 and ot6er deleterious +aterials and sorted to reDuired siBe at t6e Duarries .efore .eing .roug6t to t6e site of 4or*. 'a+9le of *an*ar s6all .e a99roved .0 t6e Excutive Engineer and *e9t in 6is custod0. Eac6 lot s6all confor+ to t6e a99roved sa+9le failing 46ic6 t6e lot s6all .e reCected and re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* 4it6in ) da0s of reCection at t6e cost of t6e contractor. 7an*ar s6all .e stac*ed '9ecification No. 2.1. as 9er

2.12.2.

#e0eral 2.12.2.1 Re<uir e/e0ts .

2.12.2.2. <i= <ii= <iii= 2.12.-. Suppl1 o4 /ateri al . 2.12.-.1.

2.12.-.2.

2.12.2. 2.12.5.

Stac:i0g . 2o3e o4 /easu re/e0t .

2.12.2.1. 2.12.5.1.

7an*ar s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +atres@ Allo4ance for looseness of stac*s s6all .e +ade in accordance to '9ecification No. 2.1.

+6

$.1% B I!"ERS &AR"AARE

2.1-.1.

Scope .

2.1-.1.1.

T6e s9ecification covers t6e follo4ing articles of uilders 1ard4are and la0s do4n t6e different t09es@ corres9onding siBes and +et6od of +easure+ent of siBes. >or detail s9ecification t6e res9ective Indian 'tandards +entioned .elo4 t6e na+e of articles under clause 2.1-.2. .e refered. T6e various article covered are as follo4s E#oor .olts for use 4it6 9ad loc*s. To4er olts. 1inges. utt. 3arlia+ent. Tee and stra9. #ou.le acting s9ring 6inges. #oor s9ring &at tail t09e. #oor sto99ers. #oor 1andles. 1as9s and sta9les. >an lig6t 9ivots. >an lig6t catc6. All articles exce9t ite+ No. <6= : <i= are +anufactured .ot6 fro+ .rass and steel. #oor lots for use 4it6 9ad loc*sEF <As 9er I.'. 2,1-15(2=

2.1-.1.2.

2.1-.1.-. <a= <.= <c= <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <d= <e= <f= <g= <6= <i= 2.1-.2. 2.1-.-. #e0eral . 2.1-.2.1.

T1pe a03 Si;es 2.1-.-.1. .

<a= %ild 'teel T09e sliding .olts. <.= rass sliding olts EF<Ta.le = 2.1-.-.2.

<'iBe 25/ and -// ++. = -doTo4er olts EF <As 9er I.'. 2/2-15(1= !nless ot6er4ise a99roved onl0 .arred To4er olts and '*eletons To4er olts s6all .e used of t6e t09es given .elo4 EF

<a= T09e. <i= <ii= Na+e.

arrel To4er olts EF 'iBe.

%ild steel .arrel to4er .olts 4it6 +ild 15/--// ++. steel arrel and +ild steel .olt. <Ta.le II= rass arrel To4er olts 4it6 rass s6eet 15/--// ++. arrel and rolled or dra4n .rass .olts. <Ta.le II= <.= '*eleton To4er olts. +1

T09e <i=

Na+e %ild steel s*eleton to4er .olts 4it6 steel s6eet 9ressed 9late and sta9les and rolled steel .olts. <Ta.le III= rass s*eleton To4er olts 4it6 cast .rass 9lates and sta9les and rolled or dra4n olts. <Ta.le III=. 2.1-.-.-. <a= <i= <ii= <.= <i= <ii= <C= <i= <ii= <III= <IV= <d= 1inges.

'iBe. -)5-5// ++.

<ii=

-do-

'teel utt 1inges EF<As 9er I.'. 1-2/15(2.= 1eav0 4eig6t Cold-&olled +ild steel utt 6ingesE< Ta.le IV= %ediu+ 4eig6t Cold &olled +ild steel utt 6ingesE< Ta.le V= Non ->errous %etal 9er I.'. 2/5-15(2= utt 6inges E- <As

Cast rass utt 6inges. <Ta.le <VI= Extruded rass utt 6inges.<Ta.le VII=. Tee and 'tra9 6inges. <as 9er I.'. 2/(15(2= %ild steel tee 1inges. <Ta.le VIII=. %ild 'teel Tee 1inges.<+ediu+= <Ta.le IX= %ild 'teel Tee 1inges. <1eav0= Ta.le X= %ild 'teel 'tra9 1inges. Ta.le <Ta.le XI= #ou.le acting s9ring 6inges. <As 9er I.'. 25--15(-= 'iBe. -// : -)5 ++. -do-

T09e. <i= <ii=

Na+e. %ild 'teel door s9rings &at tail t09e. rass #oor '9ring &at tail t09e. 2.1-.-.5. 2.1-.-.(. <i= <ii= 2.1-.-.).

>loor #oor 'to99ers E- <As 9er I.'. 1,2-15(1= <Ta.le XIII= #oor 1andles E- <As 9er I.'. 2/,-155/= #oor 1andles Cast t09e@ <Ta.le XIV= #oor 1andles 3ressed oval t09e@ <Ta.le XV= >anlig6t 9ivots EF <As 9er I.'. 1,-)15(1= <Ta.le XVI= +$

2.1-.-.,. T09e <i=

$.1%.'. Articles . 1.

>anlig6t Catc6 EF <As 9er I.'.-(2-15(2= 'iBe. 5/ ++.

&o> 2easure3 T6e lengt6 of t6e sliding .olts.

Na+e. Cast rass fanlig6t catc6.

2easure/e0t o4 S. No. Na/e o4 Articles. "oor Bolts 4or use >ith Pa3loc:s. <a= %ild 'teel sliding olts. <.= rass sliding olts. 2. To>er Bolts. <a= arrel To4er olts. <.= '*eleton To4er olt. -. &i0ges. <a= utt. <.= Tee and stra9 1inges. <c= #ou.le acting s9ring 6inges. 2. "oor spri0g Rat tail t1pe.

T6e lengt6 of t6e .arrel <excluding t6e soc*et.= T6e lengt6 of Coint. T6e lengt6 of t6e leaf. T6e lengt6 of t6e fla9. T6e distance fro+ t6e center of t6e s9indle to t6e center of &oller. T6e distance .et4een t6e ru..er 9iece and t6e 9art 46ic6 4ould .e 9ressed 46ile closing s6utter 5 ++. $ri9 lengt6. Over all lengt6. Not designated .0 siBe .ut .0 <Nos= s6ould .e co+9ared 4it6 di+ensions in detailed s9ecification. T6e flat over all lengt6 in elevation of t6e 9late 4it6 s9ring catc6 excluding t6e stri*ing 9late.

5.

Floor "oor stoppers.

(.

"oor &a03les. <a= Cast t09e. <.= 9ressed oval t09e.

).

Fa0 light Pi8ot.

,.

Fa0 light Catches.

+%

TAB!E I BRASS S!I"IN# BO!TS. <As 9er 2,1-1551=

'iBe.

"engt6 of olt.

"engt6 of 1as9.

?idt6 of 1as9.

#ia+eter of sta9le olt or fixing olts # ++ 12.) 12.)

"engt6 of 1ole for sta9le in t6e loo9. E ++ 5/., 5/.,

?idt6 of sta9le 1ole for sta9le in t6e 6as9. > ++ 12.12.-

T6ic*ness of sta9le 6ead.

Clearance or loc*.

#ia of loc* 6ole in t6e sta9le .olt.

?idt6 of sta9le 6ead.

T6ic*ness of 1as9.

A ++ 25/ -// ++ 252 -/2., ++ 1/1.( 1/1.(

C ++ 22.5 22.5

$ ++ 12.) 12.)

1 ++ 2/./ 2/./

7 ++ 2/./ 2/./

" ++ 22.5 22.5

% ++ (.(.-

TAB!E II 2I!"STEE! AN" BRASS BARRE! TOAER BO!TS. <2/2-15(1= 'iBe "engt6 of .arrel "engt6 of olt. ?idt6 of arrel@ ?6en ?6en #Q1/./ #Q12./ ++ ++ C ++ ++ #ia of olt. "engt6 of soc*et. T6ic*ness of +etal of .arrel +ild steel or .rass. > ++ 1.25 R/.15 #ia@of ore of #ia of arrel of soc*et *no.. 46en 46en #Q1/./ #Q12./ ++ ++ $ ++ ++ 11./ R /.5 1-./ R /.5 #ia of s6an* of *no.. ?6en ?6en #Q1/./ #Q12./ ++ ++ 1 ++ 1/./R/.5 -/ 1/./R/.5 -/ 12./R/.5 -/ 12./R/.5 -/ 12./R/.5 -/ 12./R/.5 -/ No of scre4 6oles in .arrel : soc*et for 4ood 'cre4 No.( I ++

++ )5 1// 15/ 2// 25/ -//

A ++ )5R-1 1//R-1 15/R-1 2//R-1 25/R-1 -//R-1

++ (5R-1 5/R-1 1-5R-1 1,5R-1 2-5R-1 2,5R-1

# ++ 1/./ R/.5/ or12./ R/.5

E ++ 25R1

++ ( ( ,

-2R2

-,R2

5./R/.5 (./R/.5 -/ -/

, 1/ 1/

+(

TAB!E III 2I!"STEE! AN" BRASS S9E!ETON TOAER BO!TS.

'iBe. "engt6 of olt. "engt6 of olt 3late. ?idt6 of olt 3late or 'ta9le. #ia of olt. "engt6 of 'ta9le T6ic*ness of 3lIate or 'ta9le #ia of ore of 3late or 'ta9le. #ia of 7no.. #ia of '6an* or 7no.. No. of 'ta9les No.. of scre4 1oles for ?ood 'cre4 No.(

A ++ -)5 25/ (// ++ -)5S25/S (//S 15/S2 ++

C ++

# ++

E ++

> ++

$ ++

1 ++

I ++ 12 12 12

-2S2

1/./S/.5

25S1

1.25S/.15

11.5S/.5

1/./R/.5 -/

5/R/.5 -/

)5/ 5//

)5/S 5//S

5 (

1( 1,

TAB!E IE &EAE* AEI#&T CO!"-RO!!E" 2I!" STEE! B TT &IN#ES.

'iBe of 1inges. "engt6 " ++ 1//./S/.5 readt6. ++ )5S1 T6ic*ness of fla9. C ++ -.55S/./, #ia+eter of 1inge 3in. # ++ (.-/S/.,/ No. of scre4 1oles. 'cre4 designation. No. No. of 7nuc*les.

1//

11

++

TAB!E E 2E"I 2 AEI#&T CO!" RO!!E" 2I!" STEE! B TT &IN#ES.

'iBe of 1inges. ++ "engt6. " ++ (5 )5 1// 125 (5.//S/.5 )5./S/.5 1//./S/.5 125./S/.5 ++ 22S1 2)S1 5,S1 (5S1 readt6. T6ic*ness of fla9. C ++ 1.(/S/./5 1.)/S/./5 1.5/S/./5 2.12S/./5 #ia+eter of 1inges 3in. # ++ -.55S/./, 2.//S/./, 5.(/S/./, 5.(/S/./, ( ( , , ( , 5 1/ 5 5 5 5 No. of 'cre4 1oles. 'cre4 designation No. No. of 7nuc*les.

TAB!E EI CAST BRASS B TT &IN#ES.

'iBe of 1inges. ++ 1. (5 E )5 E 1// # 125 C 1//

"engt6. A ++ 2. (5 )5 1// 125 1//

readt6. ++ -. 21 21 5) (( )-

7nuc*le #ia. C ++ 2. (.5 ).5 5.5 5.5 11.5

3in dia. # ++ 5. 2.5 -.( 2./ 2./ 5./

T6ic*ness of fla9. E ++ (. 2.5 -.( 2./ 2./ 5./

Nos of 'cre4 6oles. ). ( ( , 1/ ,

'cre4 designation No. ,. ( , 1/ 1/ 12

+,

TAB!E EII E)TR "E" BRASS B TT &IN#ES.

'iBe of 1inge

"engt6 A

readt6

7nuc*le dia C

3in dia # ++ 5. 1.( -.2 -.2 -.2 2./

T6ic*ness of fla9 d ++ (. 1.( -.2 -.2 -.2 2./

Nos. of scre4 6oles. C ++ ). ( ( , 1/ ,

'cre4 designation No.

++ 1. ( 5E )5 E 1// # 125 C 1//

++ 2. (5 )5 1// 125 1//

++ -. -, -, 5/ (/ ((

++ 2. 2.) ).5 ).5 ).5 5.5

,. ( ( 5 1/ 1/

+-

TAB!E EIII 2I!" STEE! TEE &IN#ES (!ight)

'iBe

#I%EN'ION'. "engt6 of Tee "engt6 of stra9. ?idt6 of stra9. #ia of 3in. T6ic*ness. ?idt6 of Tee near 7nuc*le ?idt6 of tee in t6e *nuc*le #ia of scre4 6oles 1oles drilled : counter sun* to acco++odate scre4 No. No. of 6oles in stra9. No of 6oles in Tee.

++

A ++ ++ -. (/S2 (5S2 (5S2 (5S2 )2S2 ,/S2 1//S2 15/S2 12/S2

C ++ 2. 2/./S1.5 2/./S1.5 2/./S1.5 2/./S1.5 25./S1.5 -/./S1.5 -/./S1.5 5.//S/.1/ 5.(/S/.1/

# ++ 5. 2.,/S/.1/ -.15S/.1/ -.15S/.1/ -.15S/.1/ 2.//S/.1/ 2.//S/.1/ 5.//S/.1/ 5.//S/.1/ 5.(/S/.1/

E ++ (. 1.(/S/.1/ 1.(/S/.1/ 1.(/S/.1/ 1.(/S/.1/ 1.(/S/.1/ 2.//S/.1/ 2//S/.1/ 2.//S/.1/ 2.22S/.1/

> ++ ). 25S2 -/S2 -/S2 -/S2 -/S2 -5S2 2/S2 5/S2 5/S2

$ ++ ,. 2/S1 25S1 25S1 25S1 25S1 -5S1 -5S1 25S1 25S1

& ++ 5. 5S1 (S1 (S1 (S1 ,S1 ,S1 ,S1 ,S1 ,S1 1/. ( ( ( ( , , , 5 5 11. 2 2 2 5 5 ) ) 12. 2 2

1. )5 1// 125 15/ 2// 25/ -// -5/ 2//

2. )5S2 1//S2 125S2 15/S2 2//S2 25/S2 -//S2 -5/S2 2//S2

+5

TAB!E I) 2I!" STEE!B TEE &IN#ES (2e3iu/) "I2ENSI9ONS 'iBe "egt6 of Tec. A ++ 2 )52 1//2 1252 15/2 2//2 25/2 -//2 -5/2 2//2 25/2 5//2 "eg6t6 of 'tra9. ?idt6 of 'tra9. C ++ 2 2/./1.5 2/./1.5 25./1.5 25./1.5 -/./1.5 -/./1.5 -/./1.5 -5./1.5 -5./1.5 25.// 5/./1.5 #ia of 9in. T6ic*ness ?idt6 of Tee Near 7nuc*le > ++ ) 252 -/2 -/2 -/2 252 252 5/2 552 (/2 (/2 (52 ?idt6 of Tee in t6e 7nuc*le $ ++ , 2/1 251 -/1 -51 2/1 2/1 251 5/1 551 551 (/1 #ia of 'cre4 1oles & ++ 5 51 (1 (1 (1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,1 51 51 1oles drilled : counter sun* to acco++odate scre4 No. 1/ ( ( , , , 5 5 1/ 1/1 12 12 No. of 6oles in stra9. No. o 6oles in Tec.

++ 1 )5 1// 125 15/ 2// 25/ -// -5/ 2// 25/ 5//

++ (52 )/2 )52 )52 5/2 1//2 1/52 12/2 1-52 12/2 15/2

# ++ 5 -.15/.1/ -.15/.1/ 2.///.1/ 5.///.1/ 5.(//.1/ (.-//.1/ (.-//.1/ -.-//.1/ ,.///.1/ ,.///.1/ 1/.///.1/

E ++ ( 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 2.///.1/ 2.22/.1/ 2.22/.1/ 2.5//.1/ 2.5//.1/ 2.5//.1/ -.15/.1/

11 2 2 2 5 5 ) ) ) ,

12 2 2 2 2 2

,6

TAB!E ) 2I!" STEE!B TEE &IN#ES (&ea81) "I2ENSI9ONS 'iBe "egt6 of Tec. A ++ 2 15/2 2//2 25/2 -//2 -5/ 2//2 25/2 5//2 (//2 "eg6t6 of 'tra9. ?idt6 of 'tra9. C ++ 2 -/2 2/2 2/2 252 252 5/2 5/2 (52 )/2 #ia of 9in. T6ic*ness ?idt6 of Tee Near 7nuc*le > ++ ) 5/2 552 (/2 (/2 (/2 (52 (52 )/2 )52 ?idt6 of Tee in t6e 7nuc*le $ ++ , 2/1 251 5/1 5/1 5/ 551 551 (/1 (51 #ia of 'cre4 1oles & ++ 5 ,1 ,1 ,1 51 51 51 1/1 1/1 1/1 1oles drilled : counter sun* to acco++odate scre4 No. 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 12 12 12 12 No. of 6oles in stra9. No. o 6oles in Tec.

++ 1 15/ 2// 25/ -// -5/ 2// 25/ 5// (//

++ 1//2 1152 12/2 1252 1252 1-52 1-52 15/2 1(52

# ++ 5 ,.//.5 1/.//.5 1/.//.5 1/.//.5 1/.//.5 12.//.5 12.//.5 12.//.5 12.//.5

E ++ ( -.15/.1/ -.15/.1/ -.15/.1/ -.15/.1/ -.15/.1/ 2.///.1/ 2.///.1/ 5.///.1/ 5.///.1/

11 2 2 5 ( ( ) ) , ,

12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

,1

TAB!E ) I 2I!" STEE!B STRAP &IN#ES

"I2ENSI9ONS 'iBe "eg6t6 of 'tra9. ?idt6 Near 7nuc*le C ++ 1 )5 1// 125 15/ 225 -// ++ )52 1//2 1252 15/ 2252 -//2 ++ 2 251 -/1 2/1 5/ )51 1//1 # ++ 5 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 1.(//.1/ 2.///.1/ 2.5//.1/ E ++ ( 2.///.1/ 2.///.1/ 5.//.1/ 5.///.1/ 5.(//.1/ (.-//.1/ T6ic*ness. #ia 3in. ?idt6 of stra9 in 7nuc*le > ++ ) 1/1 151 2/1 251 -51 5/1 #ia of 'cre4 1oles & ++ 5 51 (1 (1 (1 ,1 51 1/ , , , , 1/ 1/ 11 2 2 2 2 5 1oles drilled : counter sun* to acco++odate scre4 No. No. of 'cre4 6oles in eac6 stra9.

,$

TAB!E )II 2I!" STEE!B"O B!E ACTIN# SPRIN# &IN#ES 'iBe of '9ring 6inges ++ 1// 125 15/ TAB!E )III F!OOR "OORS STOPPERS. "E2ENSION T6ic*ness of #oor s6utter #istance of &u..er 9iece : 9art 46ic6 is 9ressed. A ++ -5./.5 2/.//.5 25.//.5 5//.5 "engt6 of sto99er T6ic*ness of &u..er 9iece Casting '6eet +etal 'cre4 gauge for T1 'cre4 gauge T2 Brass Cou0ter >oo3 scre>. Nos.T1 of 'cre4 6oles for T2 Corres9onding lan* 6inges ++ )/ )5 )5

++ -/ -5 2/ 25

++ 12//.5 12//.5 15//.5 15//.5

C ++ 1, 1,

++

++

2.5R/.-/

-./R/.-/

,%

TAB!E )IE "OOR &AN"!ES CAST T*PE.

'iBe ++. )5 1// Total "engt6. A ++ 12) 152 $ri9 lengt6. $ri9 de9t6. C ++ 2/ 25.5 T6ic*ness of lug. # ++ 2.2 -.2 %inor dia+eter at centre. E ++ (.,./ %aCor dea+eter at centre. > ++ )./ (.%aCor dia at end. $ ++ 5.5 2.2 4idt6 of lug. 1 ++ 1( 2/ No. of scre4 6oles on eac6 lug. 2 $auge of 4ood scre4.

++ )5 1//

( (

TAB!E )E "OOR &AN"!ES PRESSE" OEA! T*PE. 'iBe ++. 125 15/ Total "engt6. A ++ 12) 152 $ri9 lengt6. $ri9 de9t6. C ++ 22.2 25.2 %aCor dia. at centre. # ++ 1( 2/ +aCor dia. at end. E ++ 1/ 15.2 4idt6 of lug. > ++ -2 -, #istance .et4een lug scre4 6oles. $ ++ 2/ 2/ Nos. of scre4 6oles on .ot6 lugs. 2 2 $auge of scre4

++ ,2.5 55.2

( (

,'

TAB!E )EI FAN!I#&T PIEOTS

#I%EN'ION T6ic*ness of ventilator s6utters. #esignation Nos. ?idt6 of 9late "engt6 of 9lates. T6ic*ness of 3lates #ia of 3in. "engt6 of 9in. #ia of 6ole. "engt6 of s6an*. #ia.of s6an*.

A 25 -/ -/ -5 -5 1 2 2 5 2/.//.5 25.//.5 25.//.5 25.//.5 25.//.5 5/.//.5 5/.//.5 (5.//.5 (5.//.5 )5.//.5 -.//.1 -.//.1 -.//.1 2.//.1 2.//.1

C 5.5/.2 12.5/.2 12.5/.2 15.//.2 15.//.2

# 1/.//.2 12.//.2 12.//.2 15.//.2 15.//.2

E 1/.5/.2 1-.5/.2 1-.5/.2 1(.//.2 1(.//.2

> 5.//.2 5.//.2 5.//.2 (.5/.2 (.5/.2

$ 5.//.2 5.//.2 5.//.2 (.5/.2 (.5/.2

,(

$.1'. PAINTS 2.12 "e4i0itio0 . 2.12.1.1. 3aints are liDuid co+9ositions of 9ig+ents and inders 46ic6 46en a99lied to t6e surface in t6in coats dr0 to for+ a solid fil+ to i+9art t6e surface a decorative finis6 a9art fro+ giving 9rotection to t6e .ase +aterial fro+ 4eat6ering corrosion and ot6er c6e+ical and iological attac*s. An0 7ing of 9aint essentiall0 consists of E3ig+ent for colour o9acit0@ 3rotection@ insulation. inder@ Ve6icle or for+ing +aterials. +ediu+ -fil+

2.12.2.

Co0stitue0ts.

2.12.2.1. <a= <.= <c= <d=

'olvent or t6inner-to adCust flo4. Additive to +odif0 t6e 9ro9erties +uc6 as dr0ing@ sta.ilit0 flo4 etc. 'tandardising t6e classification of 3aints is difficult in vie4 of t6e large nu+.er of variation in eac6 of t6e constituents@ .ut a si+9le classification .ased on t6e +edia or .inder and on t6e .asis of its ulti+ate use and 9erfor+ance is suggested as under E-Classification .ased on inders EOil 3aints. 3aints .ased on non-oil &esins. Cellulose 3aints. ?ater ase 3aints. %isc. 9aints. Classification .ased on ulti+ate useE-$eneral 9ur9ose - 3aints including@ 3ri+ers under coat 9aint and finis6ing coat 9aints. Acid and Al*ali &esistant 3aints. >ire &esistant 9aints. >ungicidal 3aints. %isc. 3aints-- including >ire resistant 9aints Anticondensation 9aint etc. !ntil recentl0@ it 4as t6e nor+al 9ractice for +ost of t6e 3ints to .e +ixed at site .0 t6e decorator@ .ut t6e recent scientific ,+

2.12.-.

Classi4icatio0 . 2.12.-.1.

<a= <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= <b= <i=

<ii= <iii= <iv= <v= 2.12.2. Rea31 2i7e3 2.12.2.1. Pai0ts Es. I0

Situ 2i7e3 Pai0ts .

researc6 and develo9+ent of alternate +aterials 6ave led to t6e .ul* use of &ead0 +ixed 3aints. T6e +ain advantage of t6is is t6at a nu+.er of +aterials 46ic6 .e .lended toget6er@ undr t6e controlled factor0 conditions@ and 46ic6 are t6erefore unsuita.le for site +ixing@ can .e utiliBed@ and advantage ta*en of t6eir 9ro9erties. 2.12.2.2. &ead0 +ixed 9aints are +anufactured in .ot6 .rus6ing and s9ra0ing consistencies@ for t6e s9ecific 9ur9ose for 46ic6 t6e 9aint +a0 .e needed .ut 6t su99lies s6ould .e o.tained fro+ a +anufacturer of re9ute. T6e 9aint s6ould confor+ to t6e relevent I.'.I. standard and 46ile using it t6e +anufacturer instructions s6ould .e strictl0 follo4ed. T6e .inder of an oil 9aints is essentiall0 a dr0ing oil or dr0ing oil +odified co+9lex dissolved in a volatile solvent. T6e dr0ing 9rocess co++ences 4it6 t6e eva9oration of solvents and is co+9leted .0 a c6e+ical reaction of t6e ve6icle 4it6 ox0gen a.sor.ed fro+ t6e at+os96ere. and a 6ard fil+ re+ains ad6ered to t6e surface. T6e oil 9aints +a0 .e t6e traditional straig6t oil t09e suc6 as using "inseed oil@ Tung oil@ 'o0a oil etc. or it +a0 .e oleoresinous t09e containing +odified .inder in 46ic6 t6e ingradients of oil li*e fatt0 acids +a0 .e 9resent .ut 6ave no free gl0cerine of of t6e oil grou9. T6ese 9aints 46ic6 are also called Al*0d t09e are .ased on '0nt6etic al*0d resin Ve6icles. T6e straig6t run oil 9aints tend to s6o4 .rus6 +ar*s and are slo4 in dr0ing 46ere as t6e Al*0d .ase 9aints dr0 Duic*er and are good for .rus6ing 6ig6 gloss 6ard flexi.le fil+. 'uita.le treat+ent of t6e dr0ing oil 9roduce 9aints 46ic6 6ave 6ig6 degree gloss and excellent 9ro9erties .0t t6ese 6ave s6l4 6ardening 9ro9erties and are difficult to a99l0. +an0 9ri+ers@ and under coats@ 6o4ever@ contain a 9ro9ortion of treated dr0ing oil 46ic6 serves as elastic .inder and t6ug6ens t6e

2.12.5.

Oil Pai0ts.

2.12.5.1.

2.12.5.2.

2.12.5.-.

2.12.5.2.

,,

ve6icle@ +an0 I.'.I. '9ecifications for read0 +ixed 9aints are .ased on t6is grou9. 2.12.(. Pai0ts =ase3 2.12.(.1. o0 No0oil Bi03er Resi0s . 2.12.).1. In T6ese 9aints@ fil+ for+ing +aterials or .inder for 9ig+ent 9articles are so+e s0nt6etic resin varnis6es or non-oil .inders <instead of straig6t or +odified oil as in oil 9aints= suc6 as e9ox0. c6lorinated ru..er@ !rea for+alde60de etc. T6ese 9aints@ '6o4 so+e of t6e 9ro9erties of c6e+ical resistance. T6ese +aterials +ade fro+ nitrocellulose@ 9lastici-sers@ resins etc. dr0 entirel0 .0 eva9oration of t6e volatile solvent. T6e +ain difference of 9aints .ased on t6ese derivatives fro+ oil 9aints is t6at t6e 9aint dries entirel0 .0 t6e eva9oration of t6e volatile solvent. solvent. T6ese 9aints are +ore suita.le to a99lication 4it6 s9ra0 t6an t6e .rus6 and e+9lo0ed 4idel0 in industrial finis6es. T6ese 9aints dr0 ver0 Duic*l0 and tend to develo9 extre+el0 6ard fil+ 46ic6 is ver0 resistant to a.rasion and nor+al 4ear and tear. T6ese 9aints s6ould .e a99leed to regid surfaces and not to soft 4ood etc. as t6e 6ard fil+ gives crac*ing and fla*ing trou.les. In t6ese 9aints t6e .inder@ 46ic6 +a0 .e dissolved in 4ater or 46ic6 +a0 .e si+ilar to t6at in so+e oil 9aint@ is +ade +isci.le 4it6 4ater .0 an e+ulsification tec6niDue and t6e dr0ing is .roug6t a.out .0 eva9oration of 4ater@ acting as a t6inner@ and +a0 not .e follo4ed .0 an oxidising reaction de9ending u9on t6e nature of t6e .inder@ #r0 diste+9ers@ Oil .ound 4ater 9aint or oil e+ulsion diste+9er can.e included in t6is classification. #iste+9ers E- #iste+9ers +a0 .e 4as6a.le or non-4as6a.le t09e. In 4as6a.le diste+9ers t6e ve6icle in 4ater@ in 9rescnce of glue case in or ot6er sta.lisers T6e 4ater after a99lication eva9orates and t6e fil+ 9roduced is +ore or less insolu.le in 4ater and 6ence t6e 9aint can .e 4as6ed u9 4it6 +ild soa9 solution to get clear

2.12.).

Cellulose "eri8a ti8esI

2.12.).2.

2.12.,.

Aater

Base 2.12.,.1. Pai0ts .

<a=

,-

a99earance. T6e 9ig+ent used are varied according to t6e Co. needed. T6ese are also called oil ound #iste+9ers. T6e non-4as6a.le or soft diste+9ers consist of 46iting .ound 4it6 glue siBe@ tinted 4it6 dr0 stainers and t6inned to 4or*ing consistenc0 4it6 4ater. It dries .0 eva9oration of 4ater .ut on 4as6ing 4it6 4ater@ t6e 4ater 4ill re+ove t6e 9aint and t6e sa+e 4ould .e 4as6ed off co+9letel0. <.= E+ulsion 3aints E- T6e 9rinci9al fil+ for+ing constituent of t6is 9aint is e+ulsified in 4ater so t6at@ it +a0 .e t6inned 4it6 4ater instead of solvent. T6e fil+ for+er is usuall0 .ased on a 9ol0+er suc6 as st0rene@ al*0d resin or 9ol0vin0l acetate and t6e degree of finis6 of t6ese 9aints +a0 ver0 fro+ +att to full gloss. T6e c6aracterstic features of e+ulsion 9aints areEease and s9eed of a99lication. ra9id dr0ing. ra9id attain+ent of +axi+u+ 6ardness. lac* of odour. tolerance to da+9 and i++unit0 to al*ali attac* +aterials and are of great value in treat+ent of ne4 9laster@ ce+ent@ caoncrete etc. t6ese are 6o4ever not suita.le for use on +etals as t6ese 9ro+ote corrosion. T6ese are not as strong in ad6esion to a surface as t6at 9ossessed .0 oil 9aint or oil .ound 4ater 9aints. itu+enous 3aints E- T6ese consist of +aterials +ade for+ 9itc6@ as96alt or cou+erone resin in co+.ination 4it6 6eat treated oils and suita.le solvents. Its. 9ro9erties include good tenacit0@ resistance to +oisture a 6ig6 degree of resistance to c6e+ical and at+os96eric conditions and flexi.ilit0. After a99lication it tends to re+ain soft and 9lastic 46ic6 is colour range is 6o4ever so+e 46at li+ited. T09ical uses include t6e treat+ent of .ridges@ cranes@ steel and c6e+ical 4or*s installations etc. Ce+ent 3aints E--

<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v=

2.12.5.

2iscella0eous Pai0ts.

2.12.5.1.

2.12.5.2.

,5

<a=

T6ese are 46ite or colored ce+ent 4it6 t6e addition fo accelerators and 4ater 9roofing agent@ and are su99lied in 9o4der for+ and 9re9ared for use .0 +ixing 4it6 4ater. t6ese 9rovide 6ard dura.le +att surface and are resistant to c6e+ical attac*. Oil 9aints are lia.le to .e attac*ed .0 ce+ent 9aint and as suc6 not a99lied on suc6 surfaces. Ce+ent 9aints are suita.le for use on exterior and interior surfaces of concrete@ ce+ent rendering or as.estos ce+ent s6eets .ut t6ese s6ould not .e used on da+9 +aterials containing excess sul96ates. %etallic 3aints EAlu+iniu+ or ronBe 9aints are usuall0 +ade .0 adding alu+iniu+ +etal 9o4der or co99er .ronBe to a cellulose lacDuer or oil varnis6 %etallic 9o4der and +ediu+ are generall0 su99lied se9aratel0 in dual containers and are +ixed i++ediatel0 9rior to a99lication. T6ese 9aints 6ave great covering ca9acit0 and give an o9aDue and s6ining surgce. Alu+iniu+ 9aints are used as 9ri+ers and sealers on external 4ood surfaces finis6ing 9aints for storage tan*s to 9revent losses t6roug6 rva9oration. In addition to t6e .ul* use of read0 +ixed 9aints@ a considera.le 9art of t6e 4or* is .eing carried out .0 +ixing different in gradients at site of 4or*. rief descri9tions of so+e of t6e essential ingradient for oil 9aint is given .elo4E-ase 3ig+ent E-- >ollo4ing +aterials are generall0 usedE-?6ite lead <"ead car.onate 23.CO-3.<O1=2 confor+ing I.'. -22=. It turns 0ello4 after so+e use and t6erefore used onl0 for under coats. &ed "ead E-- <"ead oxide 3.-O2 confor+ing I.'.5)=. It 9rotects iron fro+ rusting and t6erefore .est suita.le on ferrous surfaces.

<.=

2.12.5.-. <a=

<.=

2.12.1/.

Co0stitue0ts 2.12.1/.1. o4 oil Pai0ts. 2.12.1/.2.

<a= <i=

<ii=

-6

<iii=

Oinc 46ite <Binc oxide OnO confor+ to I'.I.-5.=. In t6is t6e 46ite colour is not effected .0 4eat6ering. "it6o96one@ t6is is ver0 o9aDue 9ure 46ite 9ig+ent and used used for under coatings and flat finis6es. Titaniu+ oxide@ a 46ite 9ig+ent of 9ure 46ite colour 9ossessing great o9acit0. Ve6icle E-- 'o+e of t6e Ve6icles for oil 3aints are as under E-"inseed oil &a4 confor+ing to I.'.)5 gives trans9arent fil+. "inseed oil .oiled confor+ing to I.'.)). T6is drie Duic*er@ is +ore dura.le and dar*is6 in colour. "inseed 3ale oiled - Confor+ing to I.'.),. T6is is li*e oiled linseed oil .ut not dar* in colour. Tung oil confor+ing to I.'.I. ,/ used for su9erior 9aints. #rier E-"it6arge <3.O=@ &ed "ead <3.- O2 =@ sul96ates of Bine and %anganese are used as driers. "it6arge is +ost co++on is use .ut in general lead drier s6ould not .e used 4it6 Bine 9aints. #rier in finis6ing coat causes fla*ing and not reco++ended. Colouring 3ig+ent E-- A variet0 of 9ig+ents are availa.le suc6 as car.on .lac* <I.'.2/=@ "a+9 .lac*. <I.'.2-=@ Vegata.le .lac* <I.'.22=@ !ltra+ine lue <I.'.55=@ 3russion lue <I.'.5(=@ ;ello4 Oc6re <I.'.2)=@ Natural !+.er <I.'.25=@ $reen Oxide of c6ro+iu+ <I.'.52=@ etc. 'olvent E- Tur9entine <I.'.5--= is t6e +ost co++onl0 used solvent. ot6er solvent in use is 46ite s9irit. T6e .ase 9ig+ent is t6oroug6l0 ground in oil and t6inning agent is +ixed to get te6 reDuired 4or*a.ilit0. colouring 9eg+ent and drier are ground se9aratel0 and +ixed 4it6 t6inning agent to t6e reDuired consistenc0. #rier s6ould .e used onl0 if Duic* dr0ing of t6e oil is reDuired .ut it s6all not .e used for

<iv=

<v= <.= <i= <ii=

<iii=

<iv= <c= <i=

<ii= <d=

<e=

2.12.11.

Preparatio0 o4 2.12.11.1. pai0t i0 Situ .

-1

9aints used as finis6ing coats. T6e t4o 9arts as 9re9ared s6all .e t6oroug6l0 +ixed and t6e 46ole +ass strained t6roug6 +uslin clot6. 9aints using driers s6all .e consu+ed 4it6in a.out 1, 6ours. 2.12.12. Proportio0 o4 2.12.12.1. I0gra3 ie0ts 4or Co// o0 purpos e Pai0ts. &ed lead 9aints E-- T6is 9aint is used for 9rotect- ion of 6eav0 structural steel and si+ilar 9ur9oses.

&ed "ead. "inseed Oil. Tur9entine <'olvent= including drier 5 J 2.12.12.2. ?6ite "ead. "inseed Oil. Tur9entine

)) to ,2 J 1, to 1- J

?6ite lead 3aint for $eneral 3ur9oseE(2 to )2 J -1 to 2- J 5J >or 3ri+ing 9ur9ose a.ove 9aint .e t6inned .0 adding "itre of "inseed oil and 6alf "itre of of tur9entine to , litre of a.ove 9aint.

2.12.12.-.

3aint for under coating on exterior surfaceE-5/ J 15 J 1/ J &e+ainder.

?6ite "ead. Extenders and colouring 9ig+ents. Tur9entine or ot6er solvents. Not +ore t6an "inseed oil. 2.12.12.2. ?6ite "ead.

?6ite 9aint for finis6ing coat on exterior surfaceE-5/ J

-$

Oinc Oxide@ Tur9entine or ot6er s9irits "inseed Oil.

1( J 5J 25 J

2.12.12.5.

Colouring 3aints for >inis6ing coat E-2/ J 2/ J (J (J ,J 5J -5 J

?6ite "oad. Oinc Oxide. Extender <Argillaceous +atter= ?6iting@ Colouring 9ig+ents. Tur9entine or ot6er s9irits. "inseed Oil. 2.12.12.(.

?6ite 3aints for 1ig6 4a0 signs E-<I.'. 211-155-= 15 J (J (J -2 J

Titaniu+ #ioxide Oinc Oxide. Extender Tur9entine or ot6er s9irits. "inseed Oil.

T6e a.ove 9aint is for finis6ing coat. >or under coat t6e 9ro9ortion of solvent +a0 .e increased to 12 J and t6at of "inseed oil decreased to 2( J.

-%

C&APTER -%-2ORTARS. %.1. !I2E 2ORTAR -.1.1 Scope . -.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9ro9ortions@ 9re9aration@ storage and +ode of +easure+ent of li+e +ortars. "i+e E-- A@ and C class s6all .e used in t6e 9re9aration of +ortar and s6all@ confor+ to s9ecification No.2.(. Aggregates E-- An0 of t6e follo4ing or t6eir +ixture in t6e given 9ro9ortion s6all .e used. 'and E-- It '6all confor+ to '9ecification No. 2.,. 'ur*6i E-- It s6all '9ecification No. 2.5. confor+ to

-.1.2.

2aterials .

-.1.2.1.

-.1.2.2.

<i= <ii= <iii=

Cinder E-- Cinder '6all .e used in t6e +ortars on a 4ritten 9er+ission of t6e Engineer 46ic6 s6all .e given onl0 46en ot6er t09es of aggregates are not availa.le or 46en s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. Cinder +ortars s6all not .e used for 9laster or an0 ot6er ex9osed 4or*. Cinder '6all confor+ to '9ecification No.2.1/ ?ater to .e used in cinder +ortars s6all .e tested .efore 6and for its suita.ilit0.

<iv=

?ater E-- >or All +ortars 4ater used s6all .e free fro+ +ud@ cla0@ acidic@ .asic or organic i+9urities and s6all .e drin*a.le. T6e 3ro9ortion of +ix for +ortar s6all de9end u9on t6e 9ercentage 9urit0 of li+e 4it6 regard to its CaO content. T6e suggested ratios for different t09es of 4or*s are as 9e c6a9ter 2 Ex9lanator0 Notes in 46ic6 t6e Duantit0 of li+e is .ased on standard@ li+e as 9er '9ecification No. 2.(. In case t6e CaO content of li+e is lo4er@ t6e 9ro9ortion of li+e s6all .e suita.l0 increased to co+9ensate@ for t6e lo4er CaO content of t6e li+e used.

-.1.-.

Proportio0s .

-.1.-.1.

-'

-.1.-.2.

T6e volu+e of li+e for 9ur9ose of t6is ta.le s6all .e on dr0 60drated li+e .asis. ?6ere Huic* li+e is used t6e ratio s6all .e 4or*ed out accordingl0@ so as to 9rovide t6e necessar0 Duantit0 of dr0 60drated li+e. 'la*ing of li+e E-- Huic* "i+e s6all .e 9ro9erl0 sla*ed and t6en used. 'la*ing s6all .e carried as 9er clause. T6e 60drated li+e can .e used as suc6 for +a*ing +ortar or +a0 .e run into 9utt0 and t6en used for +a*ing +ortar <In contrast to Huic* li+e.= Tan* 'la*ing ET4o or 9refera.l0 t6ree tan*s lined 4it6 stone or .ric* large enoug6 to 9er+it@ stirring and 6oeing s6all .e 9re9ared <generall0 tan*s suita.le for 5 Duintals for 5 Duintals or 1/ Duintals of Duic* li+e are used in 9ractice=. One of t6ese s6all .e at t6e 6ig6er level and a.out /.5 + dee9 and t6e re+aining a.out /.) to /., +. dee9 at lo4er level suc6 t6at t6e contents of 6ig6er tan* s6all flo4 into t6e lo4er tan*s .0 gravit0. T6e u99er tan* s6all .e filled to 6alf its de9t6 4it6 4ater. Huic* li+e s6all .e graduall0 added till it fills t6e entire .otto+ to a.out 6alf t6e de9t6 of 4ater. <Never add 4ater to li+e=. ?6ile Duic* li+e is .eing added it s6all .e constantl0 stirred and 6oed so as to .rea* u9 t6e lu+9s. No 9art of t6e li+e s6all .e allo4ed to ex9ose a.ove 4ater level. As t6e li+e sla*es 4it6 evolution of 6eat te+9erature .egins to rise and +ore li+e or 4ater +a0 .e added till t6e reDuired te+9erature is reac6ed and t6at te+9erature s6ould .e +aintained .0 t6e addition of +ore li+e or 4ater till all t6e li+e a99arentl0 6as sla*ed@ t6e stirring and 6oeing s6all .e continued during t6e a.ove 9rocess and for so+e 9eriod even after te6 sla*ing is a99erantl0 over. %aturing E- After t6e li+e 6as cooled do4n it s6all .e transferred to t6e lo4er tan* allo4ing it to flo4 t6roug6 I.'. -(

-.1.2.

Preparatio0 o4 -.1.2.1. 2orta r. -.1.2.2.

-.1.2.2. <a=

<.=

<c=

-.1.2.-.

sieve No. 1.1,. ++. +ore 4ater s6all .e added if reDuired and it s6all .e left undistur.ed as under class li+e for not +ore t6an 2 da0sI Class C li+e for not less t6an - da0s for +ortar used for finis6ing coat of 9lasterI Class C "i+e t6an t4o da0s for +ortar used for ot6er 9ur9oses. T6e 9utt0 s6all .e allo4ed to +ature .ut not allo4ed to dr0 out till it is used. -.1.2.2. %a*ing 3utt0 fro+ 60drated li+e - T6e 9utt0 s6all .e o.tained .0 adding 60drated li+e to 4ater in a tan* and stirring to t6e consistenc0 of crea+ and allo4ing to stand as under E

Class A li+e Class li+e Class C li+e Class C li+e

Q Q Q Q

Not +ore t6an 12 6ours. Not +ore t6an 2 da0s. Not less t6an 2 da0s for +ortar used for finis6ing coat of 9laster. Not less t6an 1( 6ours for +ortar used for ot6er 9ur9oses. T6e 9utt0 s6all .e allo4ed to +ature .ut not allo4ed to dr0 out till it is used. %a*ing of coarse stuff%anual %ixing - After t6e li+e 6as +atured as s9ecified in -.1.2.-. +ore 4ater s6all .e added and t6e 9utt0 stirred@ till +il* of li+e is o.tained. T6e fine aggregate s6all .e added 4it6 a 46irling +otion of 6and so t6at t6e aggregate falls evenl0 in t6e tan*. T6e +il* of li+e s6all .e stirred and 6oed continiousl0 till t6e reDuired Duantit0 of fine aggregate is added. %ortar +ill <$6arat= %ixing - Huic* li+e s6all not .e used directl0 for +a*ing +ortar. 3utt0 or dr0 60drated li+e and fine aggregates in reDuired 9ro9ortions s6all .e 9ut along 4it6 4ater in t6e $6arat '9reading unifor+l0 all along its circu+ference and ground till a +ortar of unifor+ colour and desired consistenc0 is o.tained. As grinding is done t6e +ixture s6all .e continiusl0 re*ed and turned over and over s9eciall0 fro+ corners and sides. %ortar s6all .e ground not less 1,/ revolution or for 6ours +ini+u+.

-.1.2.5. <a=

<.=

-+

<c=

%ortar for final coast of 9laster E- It s6all .e ground for a second ti+e after an interval of 2 da0s for class C li+es. >or class and Class A li+es care s6all .e ta*en t6at t6e +ortar is reground i++ediatel0 in case t6e ti+e of first grinding and in case of class li+es eit6er i++ediatel0 or after a suita.le interval 9rovided t6at t6e +ortar s6ould .e used u9 4it6in 2 da0s fro+ t6e 9re9aration of 9utt0 or +a*ing of +ortar as t6e case +a0 .e. "i+e +ortars 9re9ared fro+ class A and class li+es s6all .e used u9 as soon as 9ossi.le after +ixing .ut not later t6an 12 6ours for Class A li+es fro+ t6e ti+e of +a*ing 9utt0 or first grinding as t6e case +a0 .e. %ortars fro+ class C li+es can .e used for 9eriods longer t6an - da0s after t6e +a*ing of +ortar 9rovided t6e0 are 9rotected fro+ dr0ing out. Addition of sur*6i or ot6er 9oBBalonas in t6e +a*ing of +ortars gives t6e +ortars t6e 9ro9erties of 60draulic +ortars and s6ould .e treated li*e class A and Class li+e +ortars@ de9ending u9on t6e 60draulicit0. %ortar not found in accordance 4it6 t6e '9ecifications a.ove and unsuita.le according to field and la.orator0 tests of li+e +ortar as given under $6a9ter 2 of Ex9lanator0 Notes s6all .e reCected. &eCected +ortar s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* 4it6in - da0s .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n cost. 'tone li+e +ortar of stiff consistenc0 s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres. (/ c+s 6ig6 stac*s .eing +easured as 5/ c+s to allo4 for looseness in stac*ing.

-.1.5.

Storage o4 2ortar .

-.1.5.1.

NoteE-

-.1.(.

Ra@ectio0 o4 2ortar .

-.1.(.1.

-.1.).

2easure/e0t .

-.1.).1.

-,

%.$.1.

%.$.$.

%.$.%.

%.$.'.

%.$.(.

%.$.+.

%.$.,.

%.$. CO2POSITE 2ORTARS Scope . -.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9ro9ortions@ 9re9arations@ storage and +ode of +easure+ent of co+9osite +ortars. 2aterials . <a= Ce+ent E- Ce+ent s6all .e ordinar0 9ortland ce+ent confor+ing to s9ecification No. 2.). <.= "i+e E- "i+e s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.(. <c= 'and E- 'and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.,. <d= 'ur*6i E- 'ur*6i s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.5. Proportio0s . -.2.-.1. T6e 9ro9ortion of +ortar +ix s6all .e as 9er sc6edule of Duantities so+e suggested +ix 9ro9ortions are as given in c6a9ter 2 of Ex9lanator0 Notes. Preparatio0 o4 -.2.2.1. Co+9osite +ortar s6all .e +ixed in 2ortar . accordance to an0 of t6e follo4ing +et6ods E<i= Ce+ent@ 'la*ed li+e in 9o4der for+@ sand or 'ur*6i in reDuired 9ro9ortions s6all .e first t6oroug6l0 +ixed dr0 to a unifor+ colour. ?ater is t6en added and +ixing is furt6er continued till reDuired consistenc0 is attained. <ii= Ce+ent@ sand or 'ur*6i s6all .e first +ixed dr0 in t6e reDuisite 9ro9ortions@ "i+e s6all t6en .e added to it in t6e for+ of 9utt0@ dissolved in +ixing 4ater and furt6er +ixing continued till a +ortar of unifor+ consistenc0 is o.tained. <iii= "i+e +ortar s6all .e 9re9ared as s9ecified in s9ecification No. -.1. ce+ent s6all t6en .e +ixed 4it6 li+e +ortar in s+all .atc6es in accordance 4it6 reDuired 9ro9ortions. Storage . -.2.5.1. Co+9osite +ortar s6all .e +ixed onl0 in suc6 Duantit0@ 46ic6 can .e used 4it6 in 25 +inutes fro+ t6e +o+ent ce+ents is +ixed 4et. No +ortar@ 46ic6 6as .egun to set@ s6all .e used and s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* at contractors ris* and cost. Curi0g . -.2.(.1. ?or* done 4it6 co+9osite +ortar s6all .e *e9t 4ell 4etted at least for first four da0s and cured as for li+e +ortars for t6e re+aining 9eriod. 2easure/e0t. -.2.).1. 'a+e as clause -.1.). of 8 '9ecification for "i+e %ortar.

--

%.%.1.

Scope .

%.%.$.

2aterials.

%.%.%.

Proportio0i0g o4 2i7 .

%.%.'.

2i7i0g o4 2ortar .

%.%.(.

Curi0g .

%.%.+.

2easure/e0t.

%.%. CE2ENT 2ORTAR -.-.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9ro9ortions@ 9re9aration@ curing and +ode of +easure+ent of ce+ent +ortar. <a= Ce+ent E- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified@ Ce+ent s6all .e t6e ordinar0 9ortland Ce+ent confor+ing to '9ecification No. 2.). <.= 'andE- 'and s6all confor+ to '9ecification No. 2.,. <c= ?ater E- ?ater s6all .e clean@ clear and drin*a.le. T6is s6all .e free fro+ acidic@ .asic and organic i+9urities and s6all not .e .ra*is6. -.-.-.1. Ce+ent +ortar s6all .e +ixed in 9ro9ortions as 9er sc6edule of ite+s. 'o+e suggested ratios are given in A99endix 8A8 of C6a9ter 2 of Ex9lanator0 Notes. Ce+ent and sand s6all .e 9ro9ortioned .0 t6eir .0 t6eir dr0 volu+es or 4eig6t as s9ecified in t6e agree+ent. -.-.2.1. Ce+ent and sand in t6e reDuisite 9ro9ortions s6all .e first +ixed dr0 over a dr0 and clean solid 9latfor+ to a 6o+ogeneous +ixture of unifor+ colour. ?ater s6all .e added in Cust sufficient Duantit0 t6roug6 a rose can and t6e 46ole +ixed t6oroug6l0 to a +ortar of unifor+ consistenc0 and colour. Alternatel0 +ixing +a0 .e carried out in a99roved +ec6anical +ixtrues. T6e contents of t6e dru+ s6all .e disc6arged .efore rec6arging and t6e ingredients s6all .e +ixed till +ortar of unifor+ consistenc0 is o.tained. ?6en +ixing is sto99ed for +ore t6an one 6our@ t6e stages of +ac6ine s6all .e cleaned. %ac6ine +ixing s6all .e 9referred for .ig 4or*s. -.-.2.2. Ce+ent +ortar s6all .e +ixed onl0 in suc6 Duantities@ 46ic6 can .e used 4it6in 25 +inutes fro+ t6e ti+e@ 4ater is added to t6e +ix. %ortar 46ic6 6as set alread0 s6all .e reCected and re+oved ro+ t6e site of 4or* at t6e cost of t6e contractor. -.-.5.1. ?or* in 46ic6 Ce+ent +ortar s6all .e used@ s6all .e *e9t s6aded and cured 4it6 4ater atleast for seven da0s. -.-.(.1. 'a+e as clause -.1.). of '9ecification for "i+e %ortar.

-5

%.'.2 " 2ORTAR %.'.1. Scope . -.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9re9aration and +ode of +easure+ents of +ud +ortar for setting stones or ric*s in structures. Cla0 E- $ood cla0 soil 6aving a +ini+u+ sand content. In suc6 a Duantit0 t6at a dried lu+9 of t6e +ixture s6all not s6o4 signs of crac*ing@ and dul0 a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ s6all .e used. T6e 3.I. Value .et4een 5 and ). T6is s6all .e .ro*en u9to fine 9o4der fro+@ and s6all .e free fro+ stone@ roots and ot6er foreign +atter. Cla0@ o.tained fro+ localities 6aving salts and@ or infected .0 46it ants s6all not .e used. T6e +ud s6all .e 4ell trodden 4it6 +en8s feet and s9ades and 4or*ed into a t6ic* 9aste .0 adding 4ater. It s6all .e left for a 4ee* allo4ing 4ater to stand on t6e to9 in a s6allo4 9ool. T6e +ud +ortar t6us +ade s6all .e 4ell ta+9ed 4it6 4ater .0 treading .efore .eing used@ care .eing ta*en to re+ove all clods and stones if an0. All excavations +ade for during 9re9aration of +ortar <e.g. for getting cla0=@ dug 4it6in 1// +etres of t6e site s6all .e filled in and dressed 9ro9erl0@ on t6e co+9letion of 4or*. 'a+e as clause -.1.). of s9ecification for "i+e %ortar .

-.2.2.1.

%.'.$.

Preparatio0 o4 2ortar .

-.2.-.1.

-.2.-.2.

%.'.%.

2easure/e0t.

-.2.2.1.

56

C&APTER-'-P!ASTERIN# '.1.#ENERA! SPECIFICATION '.1.1. Scope . 2.1.1.1. T6is general '9ecifications for 9lastering covers its 9ur9ose@ t09es and +ixes of +ortarsI 9laster coats and t6eir t6ic*nessesI 9re9aration of various .ac* grounds@ different t09es of finis6es and t6e +ode of +easure+ent of 4or*. T6e 9lastering over surfaces is done to serve eit6er or .ot6 of t6e follo4ing 9ur9oses E 3rotection fro+ at+os96eric agents suc6 as rain@ acidic fu+es etc@. and da+9 fro+ su.soil .0 inter9osing a t6in la0er of suita.le +aterials@ .et4een at+os96eric agents@ su. soil da+9 etc. and t6e structural 4alling colu+n etc. Even surfaces or desired finis6 for a99earance. Internal 9lasters are +ostl0 9rovided to serve t6e later 9ur9ose. >or t6e 9ur9ose of t6is '9ecification t6e follo4ing definitions s6all a99l0 E.ac* ground E- T6e surface to .e 9lastered is called t6e .ac* ground. >inis6ing coatE- T6e final coat in t6e t4o or t6ree coat 9laster 4or*. It i*s also called 8"oi8 locall0. In dr0 das6 finis6es@ it is t6e coat on to 46ic6 t6e das6 is t6ro4n 46ile t6e coats still soft. In roug6 cast or +ac6ine a99lied finis6es it is t6e last coat t6ro4n on to co+9lete t6e finis6. !nder coats E- 3laster coats <often refers to as .ac*ing coats = t6e +ain function of 46ic6 is to 9rovide surface sui.a.le for t6e a99lication of succeeding coats. >loating coat E- T6e under coat i++ediatel0 9roceeding t6e finis6ing coat <also refered to as t6e second coat= &endering coat E- T6e coat 46ic6is a99lied directl0 to t6e .uilding surface to .e 9lastered <also refered as .ase coat or 8 first coat8= T6ere are various t09es of +ortars for 51

'.1.$.

Purpose o4 Plasteri0g.

2.1.2.1. <a=

<.=

'.1.%.

Ter/i0olg1 .

2.1.-.1. <a= <.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

'.1.'.

T1pes o4 2ortar 2.1.2.1.

4or Plaster .

9laster suiting different at+os696eric conditions and t09e of structures 9er+anent or te+9orar0. <a= <.= <c= <d= 2.1.2.2. "i+e sand or "i+e 'ur*6i. Ce+ent sand. Co+9osite +ortar. %ud +ortar. >or &aCast6an li+e +ortar 9lasters are suita.le for all general 9ur9oses. Ce+ent and ce+ent li+e 9lasters s6ould .e used onl0 for situations of severe ex9osure and 46ere 4ater tig6t surfaces are reDuired. %ud +ortar 9laster can .e used for te+9orar0 structures in t6e arid regions or &aCast6an. T6e surfaces over 46ic6 9lastering is to .e carried ver0 de9ending u9on t6e t09e of 4all construction suc6 as &.&. +asonr0@ ric* %asonr0@ Ce+ent .loc* 4or* etc. &.&. +asonr0 is ver0 roug6 as co+9ared t .ric* 4or* of .loc* +asonr0 construction. A s suc6 different t6ic*nesses of 9lasters 4ill .e reDuired for different .ac* grounds. Even if 9ossi.le 9lastering s6ould not .e carried in a single coat as it 4ould cause 6eav0 s6rin*age and conseDuent crac*ing. T6ree coat 4or*ing case if li+e 9lasters is +ost co++on. T6e range of coats nor+all0 e+9lo0ed for different .ac* grounds is as follo4s EI.'. 1((1- 15(/

'.1.(.

"i44ere0t T1pes 2.1.5.1. o4 Bac: #rou03 a03 Nu/=er o4 Plaster Coasts .

2.1.5.2.

ac* ground 'tone 4or* ric* 4or* or 1ollo4 cla0 tiles Concrete cast in site uilding olc*s ?ood or +etal lat6 ?ood or +etal lat6 >i.re .uilding oard ?ood ?ool sla.s Cor* sla.ls

No. of coats. - or 2 -@ 2 or 1 2 or 1 -.2@ or 1 2 or 1 - or 2 2 or 1

'.1.+.

Reco//e03e3

2.1.(.1.

T6e 5$

reco++ended

+ortar

+ixes

for

2ortar 2i7es 4or Plasters . '.1.,. Fu0ctio0s o4 2.1.).1. "i44ere0t Coats a03 Their Reco//e03e3 Thic:0ess . 2.1.).2.

different situation are as given in Ta.le 1 < as 9er I.'. 1((1=. !nder coats 9rovide +eans of straig6tening or levelling an uneven surface@ t6e0 seal t6e surface of t6e 4all and to so+e extent 9revent rain 9enetration@ t6e0 also 9rovide a surface of even suction and satisfactor0 ad6esion for t6e finis6ing coat. In case of t6ree coat 9lasters t6e t6ic*ness of rendering coat and floating coat s6all 6ave an average t6ic*ness of 5 to , ++. and 1/ to 15 ++. res9ectivel0 de9ending u9on t6e total t6ic*ness of t6e 9laster. >or t4o coat 9lasters t6e under coat s6all .e , to 12 ++. t6ic* <average=. T6e final coat s6all .e 2 to - ++. t6ic* <average= de9ending on t6e t09e of finis6. 'ingle coat 9laster s6all not exceed 12 ++. nor .e less t6an ( ++. in t6ic*ness at an0 9art.
TAB!E -1

2.1.).-.

2.1.).2.

'ituation 1. External 9laster in localities 46ere rain fall is less t6an 5// ++. 9er 0ear and 46ere t6e su. soil 4ater is not 4it6in 2.5 +. .elo4 t6e ground surface. elo4 da+9-9roof course

Co+9osition of %ortar <9ro9ortions .0 volu+e=

I.'.I. $rading of "i+e

<a=

1 Ce+ent ( 'and 1Ce+ent 2 "i+e 5 'and 1 "i+e 2 'and 1 "i+e 1 'and 1 'ur*6i. 1 "i+e 2 'ur*6i. 1 Ce+ent 2 "i+e 5 'and 1 "i+e 2 'and 1 "i+e 1 'ur*6i 1 'and 1 "i+e 2 'ur*6i

or C A or C or C or C A or C or C

<.=

A.ove da+9 9roof course.

External 9laster in localities 46ere rain fall in +ore t6an 1-// ++. 9r 0ear and 46er t6e su.soil 4ater is not 4it6in 2.5 +. .elo4 ground surface.

5%

<a=

elo4 da+9- 9roof course.

1 Ce+ent 2 'and 1 Ce+ent 1 "i+e ( 'and 1 "i+e 2 'ur*6i 1 Ce+ent 2 "i+e 5 'and 1 "i+e 2 'and 1 "i+e 1 'and 1 'ur*6i 1"i+e 2 'ur*6i

or C or C

<.=

A.ove #a+9- 9roof course.

External 9laster in localities 46ere t6e su. soil 4ater is 4it6 in 2.5 +. of t6e ground. olo4 da+9 course 1 Ce+ent - 'ane Internal 9laster in all localities . 1 "i+e2 'and 1 "i+e 1 'ur*6i 1 'and 1 "i+e 2 'ur*6i 1Ce+ent 2 "i+e 5 'and A or C or C or C

2.

NoteI-

T6e ratio of "i+e varies 4it6 t6e J 9urit0 of li+e and t6ese ratios +a0 .e suita.l0 adCusted de9ending u9on local 9ractice. Various t09e of finis6es are o.tained in finis6ing 9laster. T6e suita.ilit0 of so+e +et6ods of finis6ing renderings for verious conditions is ex9lained as .elo4ETro4elled or floated 9lain finis6 E- 'teel tro4elled finis6es are nto reco++ended for external rendering dur to t6e ris* of craBing@ crac*ing and irregular discoloration. 'cra9ed or Textured finis6ed 6and a99liedE- !nifor+ discolorations as suc6 i+9ortant 46en coloured renderings are used. Also distri.ution of flo4 of 4ater reduces ris* of 9enetration t6roug6 t6e rendering. 1and t6ro4n finis6es@ &oug6 coat and dr0 das6- 'a+e advantages as for scra9ed finis6ed under severe Ex9osure@ t6ese are .etter t6an t6e 9revious ones. +ac6ine a99lied finis6es E- T6ro4n at rando+ gives 9orous structure si+ilar to scra9ed finis6es in a99earance and eDual in dura.ilit0. ?ater 9roofing 9ro9erties and resistance to craBing and crac*ing to t6e 6and t6ro4n finis6es.

'.1.-.

"i44ere0t T1pes 2.1.,.1. o4 Fi0ishi0 Treat/e0ts a03 Their Suita =ilit1<a=

<.=

<c=

<d= <i=

5'

<ii=

>inis6es 46ic6 are a99lied .0 $un or '9r0 <6and o9erated =E-T6ese give lo4 densit0 9orous finis6es. 1o4ever t6ere are so+e finis6es 46ic6 are also a99lied .0 +eans of gun under 9ressure@ .ut 9roduce a finis6 so+e 46at si+ilar in a99earance to roug6 cast .ut less attractive. T6ese are generall0 +ore dense and t6erefore give ver0 effective 9rotection. >or t6is reason@ t6ese are generall0 used in circu+stances 46ere 9rotection is t6e sole reDuire+ent. Ne4 'urfaces E- All +asonr0 Coints s6all .e ra*ed to a de9t6 of 1/ ++. in .ric* +asonr0 and 15 ++. in stone +asonr0 for 9roviding *e0 to t6e 9laster. All +ortar dro99ings and dust and laitance in case of fres6l0 cast concrete surface@ s6all .e re+oved 4it6 t6e 6el9 of stiff 4ire .rus6es. Concrete and ot6er s+oot6 surfaces s6all .e suita.l0 6ac*ed to 9rovide necessar0 .ond for 9laster. An0 unevenness s6all .e leveled .efore t6e rendering is a99lied@ for finis6es a99lied in t6ree coats local 9roCections s6all not .e +ore t6an 1/ ++. 9roud of t6e general surface and local de9ressions not to exceed 2/ ++. >or t4o coat 9lasters t6ese li+itations are 5 ++. and 1/ ++. res9ectivel0. T6e surface s6all .e 4as6ed 4it6 clean 4ater and *e9t da+9 unifor+l0 to 9roduce an o9ti+u+ suction. If t6e surface .eco+e dr0 in s9ts suc6 are as s6all .e +oistened again to restore suita.l0 unifor+ suction. In no case t6e surface s6all .e soa*ed 4it6 4ater so as to cause sliding of +ortar .efore it sets or *e9t less 4et to cause strong suction 46ic6 4it6dra4s +oisture fro+ +ortar and +a*es it 4ea*@ 9orous and fria.le. Old 'urfaces E- All dirt@ soot@ oil@ 9aint and Efflorescence etc. s6all .e cleaned of t6e surface. "oose and cru+.ling 9laster la0ers s6all .e re+oved to its full t6ic*ness and t6e surface of t6e .ac* ground s6all .e ex9osed@ Coints ra*ed to a de9t6 as s9ecified for ne4 4or*. T6e surface s6all .e 4as6ed and *e9t da+9 to o.tain o9ti+u+ suction. Old 9laster if s+oot6 and solid s6all .e suita.l0

'.1.5.

Preparatio0 o4 2.1.5.1. =ac: #rou03s .

2.1.5.2.

5(

roug6ened to 9rovide necessar0 .one for t6e ne4 la0er of 9laster. '.1.16. Sca44ol3i0g . 2.1.1/.1. ?6ere it is necessar0 to use scaffolding@ an inde9endent scaffold s6all .e 9rovided and arranged in suc6 a 4a0 t6at on its re+oval at various 6eig6ts@ it s6all .e eas0 to ensure continuous surface avoiding unsig6tl0 Coints .et4een lifts. T6e 9utlog 6oles@ if an0 left 46ile constructing t6e .uilding s6all .e filled in at t6e ti+e of t6e a99lication of under coat. T6e 9laster s6all .e 9rotected fro+ rains and sun to 9revent excessive eva9oration on t6e sunn0 or 4ind4ard sides of .uildings in 6ot dr0 4eat6er@ +atting or gunn0 .ags s6ould .e 6ung over t6e out side of t6e 9laster and *e9t +oist. An0 9laster da+aged .0 rains s6all .e redone .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n coast. An0 crac* in 9laster or an0 9art 46ic6 sound 6ollo4 46en ta99ed or is found to .e soft or ot6er 4ise defective s6all .e re+oved and redone .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense. All +ouldings s6all .e 4or*ed true to t6e dra4ings 4it6 9ro9erl0 constructed te+9lates. $eneral E- 3lastering on ne4 and old surfaces s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in sDuare +eteres@ t6e 9ro9ortion of +ix of +ortar@ nu+.er of coats and t6ic*ness of 9laster .eing s9ecified@ 3lastering on old surface s6all include 6ac*ing off old 9laster and du..ing our 46ere reDuired. T6ic*ness of 9laster s6all .e exclusive of t6e t6ic*ness of *e0@ i.e. grooves or o9en Coints in .ric* 4or*@ stone 4or* etc. or s9ace .et4een lat6s. Exterior 9lastering at a 6eig6t greater t6an 1/ + fro+ average ground level s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in stages of - +etres. 3laster 6ands -/ c+.or .elo4 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in running +etres. O9enings E- >or Ca+.s@ soffits@ sills etc. for o9enings not exceeding /.5 sD. +. eac6 in area@ ends of Coists@ .ea+s@ 9osts @ girders@ ste9s etc. etc. An0 o9enings

'.1.11.

protectio0 .

2.1.11.1.

'.1.1$.

"e4ecti8e Plaster .

2.1.12.1.

'.1.1%.

2oul3i0gs .

2.1.1-.1.

'.1.1'.

2o3e o4 2.1.12.1. 2easure/e0t .

<a=

<.= 2.1.12.2.

5+

exceeding - sD. +. eac6 in deductions and additions s6all .e +ade in t6e follo4ing +anner. <a= No deduction s6all .e +ade for ends of Coints@ .ea+s@ 9osts etc. and o9enings not exceeding /.5 sD +. eac6@ and no addition s6all.e +ade for reveals @ Ca+.s@ soffits@ sills etc. of t6ese o9enings nor for finis6ing t6e 9laster around ends of Aoists@ .ea+s@ 9osts etc. #edications for o9enings exceeding /.5 sD +. .ut not exceeding - sD +. eac6 s6all .e +ade as follo4s and no addition s6all .e +ade for reveals @ Ca+.s@ soffits@ *ills etc. of t6ese o9ening I?6en .ot6 faces of 4all are 9lastered 4it6 t6e sa+e 9laster@ deductions s6all .e +ade for one fade onl0. ?6en t4o faces of 4all are 9lastered 4it6 different 9lasters@ or if one face is 9lastered and t6e ot6er 9ointed@ deduction s6all .e +ade fro+ 9laster or 9ointing on t6e side of fra+es for doors@ 4indo4s@ etc@ on 46ic6 t6e sidt6 of reveals is less t6an t6at on t6e ot6er side@ .ut no deduction s6all .e +ade on t6e ot6er side. In case of o9enings of area +ore t6an - sD +. eac6@ deductions s6all .e +ade for t6e o9enings@ .ut Ca+.s@ soffiets@ and sills s6all .e +easured. Ceilings s6all .e +easured .et4een t6e 4alls or 9artitions and t6e di+ensions .efore 9lastering s6all .e ta*en@ ?idt6 covered .0 cornice or cove@ of an0@ s6all .e deducted. Ceilings at a 6eig6t greater t6an 5 +. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 stating t6e 6eig6t. Ceilings at a 6eig6t greater t6an 5 +. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 stating t6e 6eig6t. '96erical and groin ceilings s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. 'offits of stairs s6all .e +easured as 9lastering on ceilings@ >le4ing soffits s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. &i.s and +oulderings on ceilings s6all .e +easured as for cornices@ deduction .eing

<.=

<i=

<ii=

<iii=

'.1.1'.%. Ceili0gs .-

<a=

<.= <c= <d= <e=

<f=

5,

+ade fro+ 9lastering on ceilings onl0 if t6e 4idt6 exceeds 15 c+. 2.1.12.2. <a= ?alls ET6e +easure+ents of 4all 9lastering s6all .e ta*en .et4een t6e 4alls or 9artitions <.efore 9lastering= for t6e lengt6 and fro+ to9 of floor or s*irting to t6e ceiling for t6e 6eig6t. #e9t6 of cornices or covers if an0 s6all .e deducted . 'ides of 9lasters@ 9roCections@ etc@ s6all .e added to t6e 9laster on 4alls. %ouldings@ arc6itraves and li*e on 9illasters@ around o9enings@ etc@ s6all .e +easured as for cornices. %oulded cornices and coves E%oulded cornices and coves s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres@ area .eing arrived .0 +ulti9l0ing girt6 .0 lengt6@46ic6 s6all .e +easured at t6e centre of t6e girt6. >lat or 4eat6ered to9s to cornices 46en exceed 15 c+. in 4idt6 s6all not .e included in t6e girt6@ .ut +easured 4it6 t6e general 9laster 4or*. Cornices curved in t6eir lengt6 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. All +itres@ sto9s@ +itred and returned ends and t6e li*e s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+. '*irtings E'*rtings u9to -/ c+ in 6eig6t s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres stating t6e nu+.er of coats@ t6ic*ness of eac6 coat and 46et6er 9lain@ c6a+fered or .eaded on to9. '*irting of 6eig6t +ore t6an -/ c+. s6all .e included 4it6 general 9laster 4or*.

<.= <c=

2.1.12.5. <a=

<.=

<c= <d=

2.1.12.(. <a=

<.=

5-

'.$. !I2E P!ASTER 2.2.1. Scope . 2.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers li+e-sand and li+e sur*6i 9lasters and do4n reDuire+ents for +ortar for 9laster and s9ecified +et6od of a99lication of t6e different coats. %ortar for 9laster E- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ li+e +ortar +ixes s6all .e as given in Ta.le I of s9ecification No. 2.1. and s6all .e 9re9ared as 9er s9ecification No. -.1.. T6e +ortar 46ic6 6as set or 6ardened .efore .eing used s6all .e reCected and re+oved fro+ site. A99lication of rendering coat EAfter t6e 9re9aration of surface as given in '9ecification No. 2.1 t6e +ortar s6all .e forci.l0 a99lied 4it6 +ason8s to4el and 9ressed 4ell into t6e Coints and over t6e surface. T6e +ortar s6all .e a99lied to suc6 over t6e surface. T6e +ortar s6all .e a99lied to suc6 t6ic*ness as to cover as far as 9ossi.le all ineDualities of t6e surface. T6e t6ic*ness s6all .e 5 to , ++. T6is s6all .e allo4ed to slig6tl0 6arden and t6en scratc6ed cirss cross 4it6 t6e edge of tro4el t6e scratc6es .eing at a.out 1/ c+. '9acing. T6is s6all .e left to set atleast for ) da0s@ and during t6is 9eriod t6e surface s6all .e cured .0 *ee9ing it da+9 and t6en allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0. A99lication of floating or second coat ET6e rendereing coat s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ dust and ot6er loose +ortar dro99ings and lig6tl0 4etted. 3atc6es 15x15 c+. or stri9s 1/ c+. 4ide s6all .e a99lied at suita.le s9acings to act as gauges. T6en t6e +ortar s6all .e t6ro4n 4it6 +ason8s tro4el s9read and ru..ed to t6e reDuired 9lain surface 4it6 4ooden float. T6e surface o.tained s6all .e dead true in all directions. In case of li+e 9lasters t6e finis6ing coat s6all generall0 .e a99lied i++ediatel0 as 55

2.2.2.

2aterials .

2.2.2.1.

2.2.-.

Three Coat Plaster .

2.2.-.1. <a=

<.=

<c=

2.2.-.2. <a=

<.=

given in clause 2.2.-.-. <a= .elo4. <c= In case of li+e-sur*6i 9lasters t6e floating coat s6all .e allo4ed to slig6tl0 set and t6en lig6tl0 .eaten criss cross 4it6 float8s edge at close sa9acings of a.out 2 c+. t6is s6all .e cured to set co+9letel0 for a +ini+u+ 9eriod of 1/ da0s and t6en allo4ed to dr0 out co+9letel0. T6e finis6ing coat s6all .e a99lied as given in clause 2.2.-.- <.=. A99lication of finis6ing coat 4it6 EI++ediatel0 after t6e floating coat 6as .een a99lied t6e finis6ing coat consisting of t6e crea+ of li+e s6all .e a99lied steel tro4els ru..ed and finis6ed s+oot6. T6e ru..ing s6ould .e continued till it is Duite dr0. It s6all .e cured for atleast ) da0s@ curing s6ould .e started onl0 after 25 6ours. <.= "oi E- T6e surface s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ dust and an0 +ortar dro99ings etc. It s6all .e full0 4etted and t6en t6e finis6ing coat s6all .e a99lied 4it6 suita.le tro4els l ru..ed 6ard and finis6ed s+oot6. No all ot6er res9ects t6e 4or* s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. 2.1. G$eneral '9ecifications for 9lastering G 2.2.2. T>o Coat Plaster I 2.2.2.1. A99lication of rendering coat E- In t6is case t6e rendering coat s6all .e a co+.ination of t6e rendering floating coat as s9ecified for t6ree coat 9laster 4or* a.ove s6all not .e done 6ere and t6e total t6ic*ness s6all .e 12 ++. T6e a99lication of finis6ing coat and ot6er reDuire+ents s6all confor+ to t6ree coat 9laster 4or* clause 2.2.-.-.

2.2.-.-. <a=

2.2.2.2.

166

'.%. CE2ENT P!ASTER AN" CE2ENT !I2E P!ASTER '.%.1. Scope I 2.-.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers 9lain ce+ent and co+9osite +ortar 9lasters and la0s do4n reDuire+ents of +aterials@ a99lication and curing . %ortar E- T6e +ortar +ixes for ce+ent and ce+ent li+e 9lasters s6all .e as s9ecified in s9ecification No. 2.1. G3lastering $eneral G and s6all .e 9re9ared in accordance to s9ecification No. -.2. and -.-. res9ectivel0. T6e nu+.er of 9laster coats s6all .e one or t4o as s9ecified in t6e 'c6edule of Huantities. T6e average t6ic*ness of single coat 9laster exclusive of *e0s@ s6all .e generall0 a.out 1/ ++. .ut s6all not nor+all0 exceed 15 ++. T6e average t6ic*ness of t4o coats 9laster s6all .e a.out 15 ++. .ut s6all not nor+all0 exceed 25 ++. T4o coat 9laster E &endering or first coat E- T6e average t6ic*ness of t6e rendering coat s6all .e eDual to t6e s9ecified t6ic*ness of 9laster less 2 or - ++. $auges s6all .e a99lied on t6e surface as s9ecified for li+e 9laster and t6e rendering coat a99lied to t6e full lengt6 of t6e 4all or u9to natural .rea*ing 9oints li*e doors and 4indo4s@ efore t6e rendering 6ardens it s6all .e suita.l0 4or*ed to 9rovide +ec6anical *e0 for t6e final or finis6ing coat. T6is rendering coat s6all .e tro4elled 6ard forcing t6e +ortar into Coints and over t6e surfare.T6e rendering coat s6all .e *e9t 4et for atleast 2 da0s follo4ing its a99lication and t6en allo4ed t6en allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0. >inis6ing coatE- T6e t6ic*ness of t6e final coat s6all not .e +ore t6an - ++. efore a99l0ing t6e final coat t6e rendering coat s6all .e da+9ed evenl0. T6e final coat s6all .e a99lied 4it6 4ooden floats to a true even surface and finis6ed 4it6 steel tro4els unless ot6er4ise directed .0 t6e Engineer. 161

'.%.$.

2aterials .

2.-.2.1.

'.%.%.

Nu/=er o4 Plaster Coats . Thic:0ess o4 Plaster I

2.-.-.1.

'.%.'.

2.-.2.1.

2.-.2.2.

'.%.(.

Applicatio0 .

2.-.5.1. <a=

<.=

As far as 9ossi.le t6e finis6ing coat s6all .e a99lied starting fro+ to9 to4ards .otto+ and co+9leted in one o9eration to eli+inate Coining +ar*s. 2.-.5.2. 'ingle coat 3laster E- In s6all .e a99lied si+iliarl0 as t4o coat exce9t t6at t6e rendering coat as a99lied for t4o coat 9laster s6all .e finis6ed off i++ediatel0 after it 6as sufficientl0 6ardened@ t6e finis6ing done in accordance to clause 2.-.5.1. <.= a.ove. After t6e co+9letion of finis6ing coat t6e 9laster s6all .e *e9t 4et for atleast ) da0s. 3re9aration of .ac* ground@ 9rotection@ defective 9laster@ +easure+ent etc. s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ent laid do4n under '9ecification No. 2.1. for G9lastering $eneralG

'.%.+. '.%.,.

Curi0g . Preparatio0 o4 Bac: #rou03B Protectio0B "e4ecti8e PlasterB 2easure/e0t Etc.

2.-.(.1. 2.-.).1.

16$

'.'. RO #& CAST P!ASTER '.'.1. Scope . 2.2.1.1 T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents +aterials@ 9ro9ortions and s9ecified t6e +et6od of a99lication of roug6-cast 9lasters. Exce9t aggregates reDuired for t6e finis6ing coat all %aterials s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n for +aterials under s9ecification No. 2.2. and 2.-. Aggregate for t6e finis6ing coat E- It s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.11. Crus6ed roc* or fine gravel u9 to 1/ ++. +axi+u+ +a0 .e used. T6e grading and +axi+u+ siBe 4ill ver0 according to t6e texture reDuired and t6e t09e of stone. An aggregate of t6e desired grasing +a0 .e o.tained eit6er .0 using a +ixture of stone or gravel 4it6 sand or .0 using crus6ed stone graded fro+ t6e +axi+u+ do4n to dust. T6e 9ro9ortion of coarse +aterial < over I.'. 'ieve 2,/ siBe= to fines s6all .e .et4een 1E1 and 1E2 .0 Volu+e as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. &oug6 cast finis6 E- A finis6 in 46ic6 t6e final coat containing a 9ro9ortion off airl0 fcoarse aggregate is t6ro4n on as 4et +ix. and is left in t6e roug6 condition. T6e texture desired is regulated .0 t6e siBe of t6e aggregate. T6e +ix 9ro9ortions for t6e under coats and finis6ing coats s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e agree+ents. 'o+e suita.le +ixes are as given in Ta.le I of s9ecification No. 2.1. T6e nu+.er of coats s6all .e sa+e as s9ecified for t6e 9lain finis6ed li+e and co+ent 9lasters. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e rendering coat and t6e floating coat in case of t4o and t6ree coat 9laster 4or* res9ectivel0 s6all .e reduced@ dur to t6e incersed t6ic*ness of finis6ing coat 46ic6 s6all .e 5 to , ++ de9ending u9on t6e texture reDuired. In case of single coat 9laster t6e t6ic*ness of +ortar a99lied initiall0 s6all .e reduced as far as 9ossi.le t6en finis6ed 4it6 t6e 16%

'.'.$.

2aterials .

2.2.2.1.

2.2.2.2.

2.2.-.-.

'.'.%.

Ter/i0olog1 .

2.2.-.1.

'.'.'.

2i7 Proportio0s 2.2.2.1. .-

'.'.(.

Nu/=er a03 Thic:0ess o4 Coats .

2.2.5.1.

2.2.5.2.

roug6 cast 9laster. T6e t6ic*ness of single coat roug6 cast 9laster s6all .e 15 ++. <average=. '.'.+. Applicatio0 . 2.2.(.1. T6e under coats 4ill .e a99lied as s9ecified in '9ecification No. 2.2 and 2.-. 46ic6ever is a99lica.le. In case of single coat 9lasters t6e finis6ing s6all .e a99lied 46en t6e initial la0er is still soft. A99lication of finis6ing coatE- T6e +ix 46ic6 s6all .e Duite 4et and 9laster is t6ro4n .0 +eans of a tro4el or scoo9. "i+e and ce+ent roug6 cast 9laster 4ill .e cured as laid do4n under s9ecification No. 2.2. and 2.-. res9ectivel0. 3re9aration of .ac* ground@ 9rotection etc s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n under '9ecification No. 2.1.

22.(.2.

2.2.(.-.

'.'.,.

Curi0g .

2.2.).1.

'.'.-.

Preparatio0 o4 2.2.,.1. Bac: #rou03B Protectio0B Etc.

16'

'.(. ARAIS& '.(.1. Scope . 2.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9re9aration of C6in*ra@ a99lication of *ara and Arais6. >or t6e 9ur9oses of t6is s9ecification t6e follo4ing definition s6all a99l0 E2.5.2.1. 2.5.2.2. A6in*i E- T6e aggregate o.tained .0 crus6ing +ar.le stone or c6i9s@ is *no4n as A6in*i. A6in*ra E- T6e 9lastic +ortar of a t6in consistenc0 o.tained .0 +ixing C6ini 4it6 sla*ed li+e sla*ed as given .elo4 is *no4n as A6in*ara < contrast 4it6 *ara clause 2.5.2.-.= 7ara E- T6e +ortar o.tained .0 +ixing C6in*i 4it6 sla*ed li+e sla*ed as 9er s9ecification No. -.1.is *no4n as *ara. A6an4a E- A local stone 9iece used for ru..ing do4n t6e *ara .ac*ground and C6in*ra coat is *no4n as C6an4ar in Cai9ur area stone fro+ 8 7otra8 is used for t6is 9ur9ose. Nali0as E- '+all siBed 9olis6ed iron tro4els are *no4n as Nali0as. $6ont0 E- A ver0 6ard stone 9iece used for ru..ing t6e final coat to give it a gloss0 surface is *no4n as $6ont0. "i+e G- A6in*i s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.11. in all res9ects exce9t t6e siBe 46ic6 s6all .e suc6 t6at all of it 9ass t6roug6 (// +icron I.'. sieve and retained on 15/ +icron I.'. sieve. T6e 9ro9ortion for *ara and C6in*ra s6all .e one 9art 9utt0 of standard consistenc0 as 9er I.@'. )12@ 9re9ared as 9er s9ecification No. -.1. and as 9er given under clause No. 2.5.5.1. .elo4 res9ectivel0 and t4o 9arts of A6in*i .0 volu+e. "i+e s6all .e sla*ed as s9ecified under clause -.1.2.2. of s9ecification No. -.1. for 8"i+e +ortar8 to a consistenc0 t6ic*er t6an 46ite 4as6 and +atured for at least (/ da0s.

'.(.$.

Ter/i0olog1 .

2.5.2.-.

2.5.2.2.

2.5.2.5. 2.5.2.(.

'.(.%.

2aterials .

2.5.-.1.

'.(.'.

Proportio0s o4 :ara a03 Dhi0:ra .

2.5.2.1.

'.(.(.

Preparatio0 o4 Dhi0:ra I

2.5.5.1.

16(

T6e 4ater added to 9utt0 during +aturing s6ould .e c6anged t4ice a 4ee* 4it6 fres6 4ater. T6e +atured 9utt0 s6all .e 9assed t6roug6 course clot6 <eDuivalent I.'. sieve No. (// +icron.= 2.5.5.2. A6in*i s6all .e stac*ed <in t6e reDuired Duantit0= in t6e for+ of a coneI 9utt0 s6all .e added and +ixed t6oroug6l0 adding reDuired Duantit0 of 4ater to 9utt0. $eneral E- Arais6 including *ara is a99lied in ver0 t6in coats totaling to onl0 5 ++. t6ic*ness. As suc6 t6e .ac* ground +ust .e in one 9lane and roug6 in t6e texture. ric* +asonr0 and stone +asonr0 excluding As6lar +asonr0 E- T6e surface s6all .e li+e 9lastered according to s9ecification No. 2.2. exce9t t6at no finis6ing coat 4ill .e a99lied. &.C.C. E 'teel centering s6ould not .e used for t6e faces to 46ic6 Arais6 4ill .e a99lied. T6e 4or* s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 out co+9letel0 at least for 2/ da0s after curing is co+9leted. T6e surface s6all .e 6ac*ed if found necessar0 to 9rovide +ore +ec6anical *e0. As6lar E- As6lar colu+ns@ sills etc. s6ould .e onl0 roug6 tooled dressed. T6e surface s6all .e cleaned off dust@ dirt@ oil and 9oint +ar*s if an0 as s9ecified in s9ecification No. 2.1. and t6oroug6l0 4etted@ t6en *ara 9laster s6all .e a99lied as given under clause No. 2.5.). .elo4. T6e *ara s6all .e a99lied to 9re9ared .ac* grounds in a unifor+ t6ic*ness of 5 ++. and ru..ed 4it6 4ooden floats. T6e ru..ed surface s6all .e in one 9lane and 9erfect 9lu+.. It s6all .e cured for at least 1/ da0s and allo4ed to dr0 out co+9letel0 and left for at least six +ont6s or +ore as to allo4 it to under go t6e effects of at least one +onsoon .efore t6e a99lication of A6in*ar. A99lication of A6in*ara E- After t6e a99lication of 7ara as given under clause 2.5.). a.ove it s6all .e ru..ed 4it6 A6an4a and a t6in la0er of +ortar 8 A6in*ra8 s6all .e a99lied and ru..ed 4it6 A6an4a 4ater .eing 16+

'.(.+.

Preparatio0 o4 2.5.(.1. Bac: #rou03s .

2.5.(.2.

2.5.(.-.

2.5.(.2. 2.5.(.5.

'.(.,.

Applicatio0 o4 9ara Plaster .

2.5.).1.

'.(.-.

Applicatio0 o4 Araish .

2.5.,.1.

s9rin*led .efore ru..ing. T6e a99lication of A6in*ra@ s9rin*ling of 4ater@ and ru..ing s6all .e re9eated t6ree ti+es 46en a fairl0 s+oot6 surface s6all .e o.tained. 2.5.,.2. A99lication of 9utt0 E- After t6e a99lication of A6in*ra a unifor+ coat of 9ure 9utt0 <'ee slause 2.5.5.1.= s6all .e a99lied and ru..ed 4it6 A6an4a. ?ater s6all .e s9rin*led and a.ove 9rocess re9eated t4ice. A99lication of colour E- T6e colour s6all .e a99lied if so s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e colour as desired .0 t6e Engineer and 9re9ared as 9er '9ecification No. 11.2. for colour 4as6ing s6all .e a99lied i++ediatel0 after t6e a99lication of 9utt0 in t6ree coats@ s9rin*led 4it6 4ater and ru..ed 4it6 A6an4a@ after t6e a99lication of eac6 coat. Colour designs for #ecoration E- An0 colour design etc. can .e 9ut u9on 46ile t6e surface is se+iglossed. T6e surface s6all .e *e9t +oistened during t6e 9re9aration of design and until finall0 .eaten 4it6 Nali0as and ru..ed 4it6 $6onties. 3olis6ing EA coat of t6e +ixture of *6o9ra <*ernel of coconut= ru..ed on stone sill@ and li+e 4ater s6all .e a99lied t6e surface ru..ed 4it6 clean +uslin clot6 and left over for t4o or t6ree da0s for dr0ing. After t6e surface 6as dried a t6in coat consisting of a +ixture of eDual 9arts of 9utt0 and $6ee s6all .e a99lied and surface 4i9ed off clean i++ediatel0 and finall0 ru..ed 4it6 +uslin clot6. 3rotection and +ode of +easure+ent s6all .e as s9ecified in s9ecification No. 2.1. G 3lastering $eneral '9ecification.G

2.5.,.-.

2.5.,.5.

2.5.,.(. <a=

<.=

'.(.5.

Protectio0 a03 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

2.5.5.1.

16,

'.+. P!ASTERIN# AIT& #*PS 2 P!ASTER. '.+.1. Scope . 2.(.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding 9re9aration of surfaces@ a99lication and finis6ing of $09su+ 9laster. $09su+ 9laster I- T6e $09su+ 9lasters s6all confor+ to I.'. No. 252)-15(- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified 6e+i60drate of $09su+ s6all .e used. T6e $09su+ 9lastering is suita.le for internal 9laster onl0. T6e 9lastering s6all .e done in t4o coats@ t6ic*ness of t6e finis6ing coat .e a.out , ++. &est of t6e t6ic*ness s6all .e of under coat. T6e total t6ic*ness s6all .e 15@ 2/ or 25 ++. de9ending u9on t6e condition of surface. $eneral E- T6e 4all or ceiling to .e 9lastered s6all .e 9erfectl0 dr0. T6e ra*ing of Coints@ cleaning t6e surface etc. s6all .e done in accordance 4it6 t6e relevant clauses under G'9ecification for "i+e 9lasterG ta*ing s9ecial care as 9rovided under clause 2.(.5.1.Na.ove. A99lication of undercoat E- T6e $09sun 9laster s6all .e +ixed 4it6 suc6 Duantit0 of 4ater so as to give a 9lastic and easil0 4or*a.le +ortar. efore a99l0ing t6e under coat@ sDuare 9ats of a.out 1/ c+. sides .ot6 6oriBontall0 and verticall0 <at suita.le s9acing or vertical stri9s a.out 1/ c+. 4ide =@ s6all .e a99lied to suc6 t6ic*ness t6at t6e surface of all t6e 9ats or stri9s are in t6e sa+e 6oriBontal or vertical 9lane and t6e average t6ic*ness of t6e under coat 4ill .e o.tained. After 6aving a99lied t6ese reference 9ats or stri9s@ t6e +ortar s6all .e a99lied over t6e 46ole surface 9ressed 4ell into all t6e Coints and s6all .e rendered 4it6 a straig6t edge so as to give a dead .ut slig6tl0 roug6 surface. A99lication of >inis6ing Coat E- T6e da0 after t6e a99lication of t6e under coat t6e finis6ing coat s6all .e a99lied to a t6ic*ness of , ++. T6e finis6ing coat s6all .e of t6e 16-

'.+.$.

2aterials .

2.(.2.1.

'.+.%. '.+.'.

Suita=ilit1 .

2.(.-.1.

Plaster Coats 2.(.2.1. a03 Thic:0ess .

'.+.(.

Preparatio0 o4 Sur4aces .

2.(.5.1. 2.(.5.2.

'.+.+.

Applicatio0 .

2.(.(.1.

2.(.(.2.

consistenc0 of a t6ic* crea+. T6is s6all .e s9read over t6e 46ole surface evenl0 and s6all .e ru..ed s+oot6@ 9olis6ed and co+9leted in one o9eration. Note ENo curing is reDuired for t6e 9lastering 4or* 4it6 $09su+ 9laster@ rat6er it is detri+ental. T6e resulting surface s6all .e 9erfectl0 s+oot6 and 9lu+.. >or a99l0ing 9aint@ diste+9er etc. t6e 4all s6all reDuire sand 9a9ering. 3rotection and +ode of +easure+ent s6all .e as s9ecified in s9ecification No. 2.1. G 3lastering $eneral '9ecifications.G

'.+.,.

Fi0ish .-

2.(.).1.

'.+.-.

Protectio0 a03 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

2.(.,.1.

165

'.,. POINTIN#. '.,.1. Scope . 2.).1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ 9re9aration of surfaces@ a99lication of various t09es of 9ointing and t6eir +ode of +easure+ent. %ortar E!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities @ t6e follo4ing +ortar +ixed s6all .e used. "i+e +ortar 1E2 %ix <1 "i+e E2 'and E or sur*6i = Ce+ent +ortar 1E- %ix <1 Ce+ent E- sand = 7ara +ortar 1E2 %ix <1 "i+e E2 %ar.le 9o4der = T6e li+e and ce+ent +ortar s6all .e 9re9ared as 9er s9ecification No. -.1 and -.-. T6e 7ara +ortar s6all .e 9re9ared .0 +ixing +ar.le 9o4der to li+e 9utt0 in a +ortar 9an or on a 4ater tig6t 9latfor+ de9ending u9on t6e Duantit0. T6e +ortar 46ic6 6as not or 6ardened .efore .eing used s6all .e reCected and re+oved fro+ site. Ne4 4or* E- All t6e Coints s6all .e ra*ed do4n to a de9t6 of 2/ ++. 46ile t6e +ortar is still soft. T6en t6e surface and Coints s6all .e cleaned at t6e ti+e of 9ointing . Old 4or* E- All loose 9ointing and su9erfluous +ortar on t6e surface and in t6e Coints s6all .e re+ovedI t6e Coints and surface cleaned. $eneral E- T6e +ortar s6all .e 9laced in t6e Coints 9ressed 4ell and finis6ed to an0 of t6e t09es given andNor a99roved .0 t6e Engineer according to t6e clause 2.).2.2. to 2.).2.(. 46ic6ever is a99lica.le. Care s6all .e ta*en t6at in case of As6lar and ric* -4or* 4it6 class I .ric*s@ t6e +ortar s6all not cover t6e face edges.

'.,.$.

2aterials .

2.).2.1. <a=

<i= <ii= <iii= <.=

<c=

'.,.%.

Preparatio0 o4 Sur4aces .

2.).-.1.

2.).-.2.

'.,.'.

Applicatio0 o4 Poi0ti0g .

2.).2.1.

116

2.).2.2. 2.).2.-.

>lus6 9ointing E- T6e +ortar s6all .e finis6ed s+oot6 and flus6 4it6 t6e surface. &uled 9ointing E- T6e 9ointing s6all .e finis6ed as in t6e case of flus6 9ointing exce9t t6at 46ile t6e +ortar is still soft t6e +ortar s6all .e neatl0 ruled along t6e centre of eac6 Coint 4it6 a tool of a99roved siBe. T6e 9ointing lines s6all .e unifor+ in 4idt6 and truel0 6oriBaontal and vertical in case of +asonr0 done in courses@ and 9arallel in case floors and ceilings. 'un* 3ointing E- T6e 9ointing s6all .e done as in case of flus6 9ointing exce9t t6at t6e +ortar s6all .e 9ressed .ac* fro+ t6e edges .0 5 ++. or suc6 greater de9t6 as a99roved@ care .eing ta*en to o.tain unifor+ siBe of 9ointing. T6e 9ointing lines s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid for ruled 9ointing . ?eat6er 'truc* -3ointing E- T6e 9ointing s6all .e done as in case of flus6 9ointing exce9t t6at t6e 6oriBontal Coints s6all .e finis6ed slo9ing I t6e slo9e +eeting t6e edge of t6e .uilding unit at t6e lo4er edge of t6e Coint and set .ac* .0 a.out , ++. fro+ t6e u99er edge. T6e vertical Coints s6all .e ruled 9ointed. &aised and cut 9ointing E- T6e +ortar s6all .e a99lied 9rotruding fro+ face .0 a.out 5 to 1/ ++. or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer and in a 4idt6 slig6tl0 .igger t6an t6e cut 4idt6 of 9ointing 46ic6 s6all .e 1/ to 15 ++. as a99roved. After t6e +ortar 6as slig6tl0 6ardened it s6all .e cut 4it6 a s6ar9 tool to t6e reDuired 4idt6 t6e 9ointing lines s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n for ruled 9ointing clause 2.).2.-. T6e 9ointed surface s6all .e *e9t 4et for atleast a 4ee* or till it sets after its a99lication . T6e 9ointing s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres unit .eing 1/ sD + exce9t for t6e detac6ed Coints 46ic6 s6all .e +easured in running +etres. T6e different t09es of 9ointing s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 t6e +ortar +ix .eing

2.).2.2.

2.).2.5.

2.).2.(.

'.,.(.

Curi0g .

2.).5.1.

'.,.+.

2easure/e0t .

2.).(.1.

2.).(.2.

111

s9ecified . 2.).(.-. T6e 9ointing +asonr0@ flooring and ceiling 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and grou9ed as under E 3ointing +asonr0 4or*. 'tone +asonr0 . ric* +asonr0 . Tile +asonr0 . 3ointing flooring 4or*. 'tone floors. ric* floors. 3ointing ceilings s6all .e grou9ed .ut +easured under a single ite+. T6e o9enings s6all .e +easured in accordance to clause 2.1.12.2. of G $eneral '9ecification for 3lastering.G

<a= <i= <ii= <iii= <.= <i= <ii= <c= 2.).(.2.

11$

C&APTER-(- CONCRETE. (.1. !I2E CONCRETE FOR FO N"ATION OF B I!"IN#S. (.1.1. Scope I 5.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for +aterials@ +et6od of 9re9aration@ la0ing and curing of concrete for foundations of .uildings and also covers its +ode of +easure+ent. Coarse Aggregates E- Coarse aggregate for use in "i+e concrete s6all .e natural stone aggregate or .ro*en .ric* aggregate confor+ing to t6e reDuire+ents given .elo4. Natural stone Aggregate E- It s6all .e 6ard@ strong@ dura.le@ clean and s6all .e free fro+ ad6erant coatings@ As far as 9ossi.le fla*0 and elongated 9ieces s6all .e avoided. Aggregates s6all not contain an0 6ar+ful +aterials in suc6 a Duantit0 as to adversel0 affect t6e deleterious +aterials s6all not exceed a total of 5J 9rovided it confor+s to t6e a.ove reDuire+ent of strengt6 and dura.ilit0. T6e aggregate s6all .e of 2/. ++. no+inal siBe graded or single siBed or as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ <.= ro*en .ric* Aggregate E- ro*en .ric* coarse aggregate s6all .e 9re9ared fro+ .urnt or over .urnt .ric*s. It s6all .e 6ard@ strong@ dura.le@ clean and s6all .e free fro+ under .urnt 9articles and ad6erant coating of soil or silt. As far as 9ossi.le fla*0 and elongated 9ieces s6all .e aovided. Aggregates s6all not contain an0 6ar+ful +aterial in suc6 a Duantit0 as to adversel0 affect t6e strengt6 and dura.ilit0 of concrete. T6e +axi+u+ Duantities of deleterious +aterials s6all not exceed a total of 5J 4ater a.sor9tion s6all not exced 1).5J after soa*ing for 22 6ours and 2/J after .oiling in 4ater for five 6ours 46en deter+ined in accordance to I.'. E No. 2-,(. T6e aggregate s6all .e of 2/ ++. no+inal siBe graded or single siBed or of an0 ot6er siBe and grading as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule

(.1.$.

2aterials .

5.1.2.1.

<a=

11%

of Duantities. 5.1.2.2. "i+e@ Ce+ent@ 'and@ 'ur*6i and Cinder ET6e a.ove +aterials reDuired in t6e 9re9aration of +ortar for concrete s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecifications +entioned for t6e +aterials in t6e s9ecification No. -.1 to -.-. ?ater E- T6e 4ater used s6all .e clean and free fro+ inCurious a+ount of deleterious +atter and s6all .e su.Cect to t6e a99roval of t6e Engineer . T6e +ix 9ro9ortion for use in t6e 9re9aration of li+e concrete s6all .e one of t6e +ixes given in t6e Ta.le I.

5.1.2.-.

(.1.%.

2i7 Proportio0s 5.1.-.1. .

TAB!E JI RECO22EN"E" 2I)ES FOR SE IN !I2E CONCRETE '.No. 1 T09e of %ortar <All 9ro9ortions in Volu+e =. 1 "i+e E 2 'and Class of "i+e A 3ro9ortion of %ortar to coarse aggregate 2/ 3arts of stiff +ortar to 1// 9arts of coarse aggregate. do do &e+ar*s

2 2

1 "i+e E 2 'ur*6i or Cinder 1 "i+e E 1 'ur*6i or 1 Cinder E 1 'and 1 Ce+ent E - "i+eE 12 'and

or C or A or C or A or C

(.1.'.

Preparatio0 o4 5.1.2.1. !i/e Co0crete . 5.1.2.2.

%ortar for concrete E- T6e +ortar for concrete s6all .e 9re9ared in accordance to s9ecifications -.1 to -.-. Aggregate E- T6e aggregate s6all .e 4as6ed clean .efore use unless t6e Engineer 9er+its t6e use of un4as6ed aggregate. %ixing E- T6e concrete s6all .e +ixed on a clean +asonr0 or 4ooden 9latfor+ 4it6 tig6t close Coints so as t6ere s6all .e no lea*age of 4ater or +ortar and also 9revent eart6 or ot6er foreign +atter .eing 4or*ed in during +ixing. T6e coarse aggregate to .e used s6all .e 9laced to an even t6ic*ness on a 9latfor+ in a de9t6 of - c+s. covering not +ore t6an 6alf t6e 9latfor+8s lengt6. T6e reDuired

5.1.2.-.

11'

Duantit0 of +ortar s6all t6en .e evenl0 s9read over t6e aggregate and t6e 46ole is t6oroug6l0 +ixed .0 turing it over and over@ .ac* 4ards and for4ards several ti+es <Not less t6an four ti+es = until ever0 9art of t6e coarse aggregate is sufficientl0 coated 4it6 +ortar. T6e 4ater reDuired s6ould .e gradull0 added t6roug6 a rose noBBle during +ixing. Onl0 sufficient 4ater to ensure a t6ic* 9lastic +aterial of even colour s6all .e added. T6in slo990 +ixture s6all .e avoided. No +ore concrete s6all .e +ixed t6an can .e laid in 9osition t6e sa+e da0 of +ixing and an0 excess s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e site of 4or* i++ediatel0 at t6e contractor8s ex9ense. (.1.(. !a1i0g . 5.1.5.1. efore la0ing t6e concrete t6e .ed s6all .e cleaned@ 9ro9erl0 4atered and ra++ed if necessar0 as directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e concrete s6all .e laid carefull0 in 9osition@ in "a0ers not exceeding 15 c+. It s6all not .e t6ro4n fro+ 6eig6t .ut gentl0 laid in suc6 a 4a0 t6at t6e aggregate does not se9arate fro+ t6e +ortar.@ Eac6 la0er s6all .e 4ell ra++ed 4it6 6eav0 4ooden or iron ra++ers <4it6 area of ra++ing surface not exceeding -2/ sD. c+. i.e. 5/ sD. in= 4eig6ing not less t6an 2.5 *g.- <i.e. 1/ l.s.= untill t6e crea+ of +ortar covers t6e surface .efore t6e next la0er is laid. T6e next la0er s6all .e laid not earlier t6an one da0 after t6e ra++ing of first la0er 6as .een co+9leted. In after ra++ing t6e crea+ does not cover t6e surface co+9letel0 t6e to9 of eac6 la0er s6all .e grouted 4it6 t6in +ortar .efore t6e next la0er is laid. No 4ater or +ortar s6all .e added during la0ing or ra++ing .ut t6e surface of eac6 co+9leted la0er s6all .e 4atered and roug6ed 4it6 4ire .rus6es .efore t6e next la0er is laid. If t6e concrete is to .e laid under 4ater@ 60draulic li+e s6all .e used for t6e concrete and it s6all .e si+9l0 ti99ed into 9lace .0 +eans of .as*ets or a .ox containing t6e concrete lo4ered gentl0 overturned 46en it reac6es t6e .otto+. No ta99ing or ra++ing s6all .e done until concrete surface rises a.ove 4ater level. T6e Engineer +a0 6o4ever s9ecif0 an0 ot6er alternate +et6od for t6e de9osition of concrete under 4ater.

11(

5.1.5.2. 5.1.5.2.1 .

Construction Coints E?6ere Coints in a la0er are unavoida.le t6e edge of t6e concrete s6all .e for+ed against a s6utter .oard and t6e concrete not allo4ed to slo9e itself. T6e Coint s6all .e 4ell roug6ened .efore 9lacing of adCacent concrete. T6e Conts in successive courses s6all .rea* Coints. 'unc6 Conts s6ould 6o4ever .e avoided as far as 9ossi.le. If t6e surface of t6e la0er 9reviousl0 laid 6as set it s6ould .e roug6ened 4it6 9ic* axe and all loose scu+ re+oved and 4ell 4atered .efore anot6er la0er is added la.orers +ust not .e 9er+itted to 4al* on t6e surface of t6e concrete unless it is 9rotected .0 9lan*. ?6en t6e foundation .ed is at different levels t6e concreting s6all .e done as given .elo4 E&oc* .eds 4it6 vertical ste9s E- Concrete at all ste9s s6all overla9 t6e lo4er la0er .0 t4ice t6e 6eig6t of ste9 and 4it6 a vertical edge. eds in 'oil E- T6e concrete s6all .e laid in ste9s of suita.le 6eig6t <1eig6t of ste9s s6all .e si+ilar@ to as a.ove.= Curing E- T6e concrete 46en co+9lete s6all .e *e9t continuousl0 4et for 9eriod of at least ) da0s and no +asonr0 s6all .e laid u9on it@ until at least - da0s after co+9letion of final la0er. T6e concrete laid s6all .e tested as under ET4o da0s after t6e ra++ing is co+9lete a 6ole 1/ c+. dia and 1/ c+.dee9 4ill .e +ade at a s9ot selected .0 t6e Engineer and it s6all .e filled 4it6 4ater. If t6e 4ater is retained in t6e 6ole@ t6e li+e concrete is good@ ot6er4ise@ if t6e 4ater runs t6roug6@ it +eans t6at t6e concrete is eit6er not 9ro9erl0 ra++ed or else t6at sufficient +ortar 6as not .een used. #efective concrete@ 46ic6 cannot .e +ade to Iass t6e test .0 furt6er ra++ing @ s6all .e got re+oved and redone .0 sound and 4ell ra++ed concrete at t6e ex9ense of t6e contractor. All concrete s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres.

(.1.(% .

Steppi0g .-

5.1.5.-.1 . <a=

<.=

5.1.5.2.

(.1.+.

Testi0g Co0crete .

5.1.(.1.

(.1.,.

2easure/e0t.

5.1.).1.

11+

(.$ P!AIN CE2ENT CONCRETE. (.$.1. Scope . 5.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers t6e 9ro9ortioning@ +ixing@ 9lacing and ot6er reDuire+ents of 3lain Ce+ent Concrete use in .uilding and .ridge construction. Concrete is a +ixture of Ce+ent@ 4ater fine and coarse aggregates and an0 a99roved ad+ixture. Ce+ent E- !nless s9ecified@ ot6er4ise@ ce+ent used s6all .e ordinar0 3ortland ce+ent confor+ing to I.'. 2(5-155,. >ine and Coarse aggregates E- '6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.11. t6e no+inal siBe .eing as 9er sc6edule of Duantities. ?ater E- ?ater used for ce+ent concrete s6all .e free fro+ inCurious a+ounts of deleterious +aterial. 3ota.le 4aters are generall0 considered satisfactor0 for +ixing and curing concrete. Ad+ixtures E-No ad+ixture s6all .e added 4it6our t6e a99roval of t6e Engineer. T6e concrete s6all .e in one of t6e 'even grades designated as % 1//@ 15/@ % 2//@ % 25/@ % -//@ % -5/ and % 2//. T6e crus6ing strengt6 of 15 c+. cu.es at 2, da0s after +ixing s6all .e as under ETa=le -I STREN#T& REH IRE2ENTS OF CONCRETE. (Clause (.$.%.) $rade of Concrete . Crus6ing strengt6 of 15 c+. cu.es in *g.Nc+2 at 2, da0s after +ixing. 3reli+inar0 test. %in. 1-5 2// 2(/ -2/ -,/ 22/ 5// ?or*s test. %in. 1// 15/ 2// 25/ -// -5/ 2//

(.$.$.

2aterials I

5.2.2.1.

<a=

< =

<c=

<d= (.$.%. Stre0gth Re<uire/e0t . 5.2.-.1.

% 1// % 15/ % 2// % 25/ % -// % -5/ % 2//

11,

5.2.-.2.

?6en t6e strengt6 of a concrete +ix. as indicated .0 tests@ lies in .et4een t6e strengt6 for an0 t4o grades s9ecified in Ta.le I@ suc6 concrete s6all .e classified for all 9ur9oses as a concrete .elonging to t6e lo4er of t6e t4o grades .et4een 46ic6 its strengt6 lies. T6e deter+ination of 9ro9ortions to ac6ieve t6e a.ove strengt6 s6all .e .0 one of t6e follo4ing +et6ods. ?it6 9reli+inar0 tests .0 designing t6e concrete %ix suc6 concrete s6all .e called G controlled concrete.G ?it6out 9reli+inar0 tests .0 ado9ting no+inal concrete +ixes@ suc6 concrete s6all .e called G Ordinar0 Concerted.G T6e concrete +ix s6all .e designed to 6ave an average strengt6 corres9onding to t6e values s9ecified for 9reli+inar0 tests in Ta.le a.ove. T6e 9ro9ortions s6ould .e suc6 t6at concrete is of adeDuate 4or*a.ilit0 and can .e 9ro9erl0 co+9acted 4it6 t6e +eans availa.le. T6e +ax. Huantit0 of aggregate .0 4t. for 5/ 7g. of ce+ent s6all not exceed t6e follo4ing.

(.$.'.

Proportio0i0g . 5.2.2.1.

<a=

<.=

(.$.'.$ .

Co0trolle3 Co0crete .-

5.2.2.2.1 .

Huantit0 of aggregate in 7g. 2// 25/ 5//

'iBe of aggregate. ?6en +ax. siBe is 2/ ++ or .elo4. ?6en +ax. siBe is 2/ ++ or .elo4 .ut greater t6at 2/ ++. ?6en +ax. siBe is greater t6an 2/ ++.

5.2.2.2.2 .

It is usuall0 difficult to +aintain unifor+ Dualit0 in t6e su99l0 of 9ro9erl0 grades +aterials over t6e 9eriod of 4or*. T6e grading is t6erefor controlled .0 o.taining t6e single siBed coarse aggregate in different siBes and .lending t6e+ in rig6t 9ro9ortion 46en reDuired@ t6e different siBes .eing stoc*ed in se9arate stoc* 9iles.

11-

T6e grading of coarse and fine aggregates s6ould .e freDuentl0 c6ec*ed and c6anges in t6e 9ro9ortions +ade to ac6ieve t6e reDuired .lend. 5.2.2.2.. T6e aggregate and ee+ent s6all .e 9ro9ortioned .0 4eig6t@ and t6e 4eig6t of ce+ent +a0 6o4ever .e acce9ted as 9er +a*er8s s9ecified 4t. An occasional c6ec* s6ould 6o4ever .e +ade to c6ec* t6e net 4eig6t. ?ater s6ould eit6er .e +easured .0 volu+e in cali.rated tan*s or 4eig6ed. T6e 4ater ce+ent ratio s9ecified for t6e +ix s6ould .e *e9t constant at its correct value@ due allo4ance .eing +ade for t6e +oisture content of coarse and fine aggregates. ?or*a.ilit0 of t6e concrete s6ould .e c6ec*ed at freDuent intervals and in case additional 4ater is reDuired to attain t6e reDuired 4or*a.ilit0 t6e Duantit0 of ce+ent s6ould also .e in creased 9ro9ortionatel0. Ordinar0 Concrete E F ?6ere it is not considered 9ractica.le to use controlled concrete as 9er 5.2.2.2 a.ove. Ordinar0 concrete +a0 .e used for concrete of $rade %.1//@ %.15/@ %.2// and %.25/. T6e 9ro9ortions of +aterials for no+inal concrete +ixes s6all .e in accordance 4it6 ta.le II. In 9ro9ortioning concrete t6e Duantit0 of ce+ent s6ould .e deter+ined .0 4eig6t and t6e Duantit0 of fine@ coarse aggregate deter+ined .0 volu+e. In case of 4eig6t.atc6ing 46ic6 s6all .e 9referred@ t6e 4eig6t s6ould .e deter+ined fro+ t6e volu+e s9ecified in ta.le II and t6e 4eig6t 9er litre of dr0 aggregate. G$auging of 4ater for concreteG EF T6e ratio of 4ater to ce+ent for all +ixes s6all .e t6e lo4est co+9ati.le 4it6 adeDuate 4or*a.ilit0 of t6e concrete.

5.2.2.2.2 .

5.2.2.5.2.2.-.1

5.2.2.-.2

5.2.2.-.-

115

TAB!E - II
$rade of concrete. %ax@ total Duantit0 of dr0 aggregate .0 volu+e 9er 5/ *g. of ce+ent to .e ta*en as su+ of t6e individual volu+e of fine and coarse aggregates. 2 -// 3ro9ortion of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate. %ax. Dt0. of 4ater 9er 5/*g. of ce+ent. No+inal +ix ratio for guidance.

1 % 1// % 15/ % 2// % 25/

$enerall0 12 for fine aggregate to coarse aggregate .0 volu+e .ut su.Cect to a u99er li+it of 1E1M and a lo4er li+it of 1E-P.

2 -2 -2 -/ 2)

5 1E-E( 1E2E( 1 E 1M E 1E1E2

P T6e 9ro9ortions of t6e aggregates s6ould .e adCusted fro+ u99er li+it to lo4er li+it 9rogressivel0 as t6e grading of t6e fine aggregate .eco+e finer and t6e +ax. siBe of coarse aggregate .eco+es larger. Exa+9le for an average grading of fine aggregate <i.e. Oone II s9ecification No.2 E 11= t6e 9ro9ortions s6all .e 1 E 1M@ 1 E 2 and 1 E - for +ax. siBe of aggregate 1/ ++@ 2/ ++ and 2/ ++ res9ectivel0. 'lu+9 test s6all .e used as a guide and 4or*a.ilit0 controlled .0 direct +easure+ent of 4ater@ +a*ing allo4ance for an0 surface 4ater .0 fine and coarse aggregate. In t6e a.sence of detailed test t6e Duantit0 of surface 4ater +a0 .e ta*en as under E F TAB!E III S RFACE AATER CARRIE" B* AEERA#E A##RE#ATE Appro7i/ate <ua0tit1 o4 sur4ace >ater i0 litre per cu=ic /eter. Ver0 4et 'and 12/ %oderatel0 4et sand ,/ %oist 'and. 2/ P%oist gravel or crus6ed roc* 2/ to 2/ P Coarser t6e aggregate@ less t6e 4ater it 4ill carr0. 5.2.2.-.2 T6e follo4ing values of slu+9s are suggested for different t09es of construction. Aggregate

1$6

T09e of Construction <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= <vi= NoteEF &einforce+ent foundations@ 4alls and footing 3lain footing@ caissons and su.-structure 4alls. 'la. .ea+s@ and reinforced 4alls. uilding Colu+ns. 3ave+ent 1eav0 +ass construction.

'lu+9 in C+. %ax. %in 12.5<5G= 5<2G= 1/<2G= 15<(G= 15<(G= ).5<-G= ).5<-G= 2.5<1G= ).5<-G= ).5<-G= 2.5<1G= 2.5<1G=

?6en 6ig6 freDuenc0 vi.rators are used@ t6e values given a.ove s6ould .e reduced to a.out one t6ird. 5.2.5.1 As for as 9ossi.le t6e +ixing s6all invaria.l0 .e carried-out in a99roved +ec6anical .atc6 +ixer in suc6 a +anner so as to avoid an0 loss of 4ater or ce+ent. T6e +ixing s6all .e continued till all t6e concrete o.tained is unifor+ in colour and consistenc0. Nor+all0 t6e +ixing s6ould .e carried for a stead0 t4o +inutes after all t6e +aterials including 4ater are in t6e dru+. 3ro9er care s6all .e ta*en in cleaning and +aintaining t6e +ixer. ?6en +ixer is sto99ed for longer t6an one 6our@ t6e +ixing dru+ s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned .efore resu+9tion. Continuous +ixing +ac6ines s6all not .e allo4ed. 1and %ixing E F ?6en t6e Duantit0 of concrete reDuired is s+all@ 6and +ixing +a0 .e 9er+itted .0 t6e Engineer@ t6e +ixing s6all .e carried out on a 4ater tig6t 9latfor+. Ce+ent and aggregates s6all .e +ixed dr0 until t6e +ixture is unifor+ in colour and texture. ?ater s6all t6en .e added and t6oroug6l0 +ixed till t6e +ass is unifor+ in colour@ consistenc0 and suc6 t6at ever0 9ieces of aggregate is unifor+l0 coated 4it6 ce+ent 9aste.. No +ore concrete s6all .e +ixed in an0 one lot t6an t6at can .e laid in 9osition .efore t6e Ginitial settingG occurs.

5.2.5

2i7i0g.

5.2.5.2

5.2.5.-

1$1

5.2.(

Testi0g.

5.2.(.1

T6e strengt6 of concrete s6all .e tested .0 o.taining rando+ sa+9les and +a*ing cu.es or c0linders and testing t6e+ in accordance 4it6 I.'. 51(. T6e +ini+u+ nu+.er of s9eci+en ta*en fro+ eac6 da0s 4or* or for ever0 15/ +- of concrete s6all not .e less t6an t6ree. Onl0 one out of t6e t6ree consecutive tests +a0 given value less t6an t6e s9eficied strengt6 .ut t6is s6all not .e less t6an 5/ 9ercent of t6e s9ecified strengt6. T6e concrete s6all .e trans9orted fro+ t6e 9lace of +ixing to t6e 9lace of final dis9osal as ra9idl0 as 9ossi.le and .0 +eans of 46eel arro4s@ concrete carts@ +onorials@ 1oist@ concrete c6utes or .0 an0 ot6er +et6od t6at s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer 9rior to t6e start of t6e 4or*. $reat care s6all .e ta*en during trans9ortation to 9revent dr0ing out@ segregation or consolidation of +ixed concrete. In case segregation does occur during t6e trans9ortation@ concrete s6all .e got re+ixed .efore 9lacing it in no+inal 9osition. ?6enever trans9ortation is sto99ed for +ore t6an one 6our@ t6e 46eel .arro4s etc. s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned .efore resu+9tion. T6e concrete s6all .e laid in its 9osition in la0ers not exceeding -/ c+ eac6. T6e second and su.seDuent la0er s6all .e laid .efore t6e earlier la0er is still 4et@ so t6at no cleavage occur .et4een t6e t4o la0ers. It s6all .e 9laced in t6e final 9osition 4it6 in 25 +inutes of adding 4ater to t6e aggregate and .efore t6e initial set occurs. It s6all .e laid gentl0 in its final 9osition and not t6ro4n fro+ a 6eig6t in suc6 a 4a0 t6at segregation +a0 occur. ?6ile de9ositing concrete under 4ater@ t6e +et6od used s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore start of 4or*. T6e for+s used for 3lain ce+ent concrete s6all s6all .e sufficientl0 stout and tig6t to ensure t6at t6ese do not get dis9laced nor allo4 an0 +ortar slurr0 oBBe out t6roug6 t6e Coints.

5.2.)

Tra0sportatio0. 5.2.).1

5.2.,

!a1i0g o4 Co0crete.

5.2.,.1

5.2.,.2

5.2.5

For/s.

5.2.5.1

1$$

5.2.1/

Aor: i0 E7tre/e Aeather .

5.2.1/.1

No concreting or ot6er 9er+anent 4or* s6all .e carried during 4eat6er detri+ental to t6e finis6ed Dualit0 of 4or*. >roBen +aterials and +aterials containing ice s6all not .e used. 46en frost or extre+e 6ot 4eat6er is 9ro.a.le or 46en t6e Engineer so direct@ suita.le 9rotective +easures s6all .e ta*en to ensure .etter results. !nder no circu+stances concreting s6all .e carried out under 5/C for a falling te+9erature or under 2/C for a rising te+9erature. >or 1ot ?eat6er E F As 9lacing of concrete at te+9erature a.ove -,/C is attended 4it6 defects li*e loss of 4or*a.ilit0 t6roug6 accelerated settingI for+ation of 9lastic s6rin*age crac*s etc.@ no concreting s6all .e carried out in te+9erature exceeding -,/C unless due 9recautions are ta*en. T6e stoc* 9ile of aggregate s6all .e *e9t cool .0 9utting it in a s6aded 9lace or .0 regular s9rin*ling of t6e aggregate .0 cold 4ater .efore used. t6e +ixer s6all also .e 9laced under s6ade and t6e +ixing ti+e allo4ed s6all .e *e9t a +ini+u+. 'ince t6e setting ti+e of concrete is considera.l0 reduced under suc6 circu+stances@ t6e la.our e+9lo0ed s6all .e a+9le so t6at +ini+u+ 9ossi.le ti+e s6all ela9se .et4een t6e +ixing and 9lacing t6e concrete in for+s. T6e surface of t6e for+s and t6e reinforce+ent s6all .e +oistened 4it6 cold 4ater i++ediatel0 .efore 9lacing concrete. In ver0 6ot 4eat6er@ t6e concreting +a0 .e restricted to t6e cooler 6ours of t6e +orning of later evenings. If s9eciall0 allo4ed@ it +a0 .e carried out at nig6t ti+e .ut t6e contractor s6all not clai+ an0 extra for overti+e 4or* etc. and s6all +a*e 9ro9er lig6ting arrange+ents. 'ufficient la.our s6all .e e+9lo0ed to ensure 9ro9er ra++ing@ rodding@ s9reading etc. 4it6in as s6ort a 9eriod as 9ossi.le. T6e concrete s6all not .e distur. in an0 4a0 once it 6as ac6ieved t6e initial set. If s9ecified in t6e Contract@ i++ersion@ external or surface vi.rators s6all .e used for te+9ing of concrete@ +ix used s6all .e dr0 enoug6 for t6e vi.rator

5.2.1/.2

5.2.11.

Co/pactio0.

5.2.11.1

1$%

to .e used successfull0. T6e 9ur9ose of t6e vi.rator s6ould not to +ove t6e concrete@ .ut to co+9act t6e sa+e. Care s6ould .e ta*en to see t6at 46ile 9lacing concrete@ t6e surface is *e9t as far as level over t6e 46ole lift so t6at it 4ill not need to .e +oved. T6e for+ 4or* to .e used 4it6 vi.rator s6all .e extra stout and 4ell +ade@ so as to .ear t6e 9ressure t6at +a0 .e caused .0 vi.ration. Vi.rator s6all .e as 9er instructions of t6e Engineer. 5.2.12. 5.2.1Co0structio0s. Doi0ts. 5.2.12.1 5.2.1-.1 Concerting s6all continuousl0. .e carried out

et4een t6e construction Coints t6e 9osition and arrange+ent of 46ic6 s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. At Coints t6e concrete s6all not .e allo4ed to slo9e off at an angle@ .ut s6all .e laid against a s6utter so t6at no 6one0co+.ing occur on t6e concrete. ?6en t6e 4or* 6as to .e resu+ed on a surface 46ic6 6as 6ardened@ t6e sa+e s6all .e t6roug6l0 roug6ened .0 use of c6isel@ .rus6 etc. so as to ex9ose t6e coarse aggregate. T6is s6all t6en .e 4as6ed 4it6 co9ious Duantit0 of 4ater t6roug6 a 4ater 6ose so as to re+ove all dust and laitance. A.out 15 ++. t6ic* la0er of +ortar co+9osed of ce+ent and fine aggregates in t6e sa+e ratios as in t6e concrete@ s6all t6en .e a99lied on t6is face. efore t6is +ortar 6as set t6e next la0er s6all .e laid in 9osition and te+9ed in to t6e +ortar. 'o t6at t6e +ix .lend toget6er. Concrete s6all .e adeDuate 9rotected fro+ extre+es of 6eat and cold and fro+ t6e direct ra0s of t6e sun@ 6eav0 rain@ surface 4ater or s6oc*s .0 t6e use of 1essain 'creen or ot6er a99roved +eans. t6e 'creens s6all .e *e9t raised 6oriBontal fro+ t6e surface of t6e concrete until t6ere is no danger of t6e concrete .eing +ar*ed .0 t6e+. >or a 9eriod of at least ) da0s after 9lacing@ t6e concrete s6all .e *e9t +oist .0 t6e use of s9ra0s@ 4et sand or soa*ing at freDuent intervals. >ollo4ing t6is 9eriod of ) da0s@ t6e

5.2.1-.2

5.2.12

Curi0g a03 Protectio0 o4 Co0crete.

5.2.12.1

1$'

Engineer s6all reserve t6e rig6t to de+and at t6e ex9ense of t6e Contractor an0 furt6er curing t6at 6e +a0 consider necessar0 in t6e for+ of s9ra0s or 4ater fro+ t6e 6ose. Alternatel0@ t6e 9eriod dr0ing of concrete +a0 .e 9revented .0 t6e use of a99roved c6e+ical or ot6er curing +e+.rane. 5.2.15 Co0crete Fi0ishes. 5.2.15.1 After t6e re+oval of t6e for+s@ t6e surface s6all .e carefull0 exa+ined@ de9ressions filled u9 and t6e 9roud Coints ru..ed do4n .0 t6e use of car.orundu+ stone. An0 defects noticed s6all .e +ade good .0 t6e Contractor.T6e for+s fro+ +ass concrete s6all .e +ade good .0 t6e contractor. T6e for+s fro+ +ass concrete s6all .e re+oved onl0 4it6 t6e ex9licit 9er+ission of t6e Engineer. Concrete or +ass concrete s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +eters. Concrete less t6an -/c+. t6ic* +a0 .e +easured in sD. +eters@ t6e t6ic*ness .eing stated. T6e ite+ of concrete s6all cover t6e co+9lete 4or* s9ecified a.ove@ including su99l0 and carriage of +aterials tools and 9lants suc6 as %ec6anical %ixer@ Vi.rators etc. Curing@ for+ation of construction Coints and an0 o9eration connected 4it6 t6e a.ove s9ecified 4or*. T6e for+ 4or*@ 6o4ever@ s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0 unless s9ecified ot6er4ise.

5.2.1(

2easure/e0t.

5.2.1(.1

5.2.1(.2

1$(

(.% REINFORCE" CE2ENT CONCRETE. 5.-.1 Scope. 5.-.1.1 T6is s9ecification la0 do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ s6uttering@ la0ing co+9action@ arising@ 9rotection and +ode of +easure+ent of &einforced Ce+ent Concrete. T6e ce+ent concrete s6all .e eit6er 8Ordinar0 or Controlled concrete8 as 9er '9ecification No. 5.2. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified@ for coarse aggregate a +axi+u+ siBe of 2/ ++. s6all .e considered generall0 satisfactor0 for +a*ing of t6e concrete. Ad+ixture s6all .e used onl0 if s9ecificall0 9rovided for in t6e contract. &einforce+ent E F T6e reinforce+ent s6all .e +ild steel and 6ig6 tensile steel .are and 6ard-dra4n steel 4ire confor+ing to I.'. 2-2-15(/. Cold t4isted steel .ars confor+ing to I.'. 1),(-15(1. 'uc6 ot6er reinforce+ent suc6 as fa.ric reinforce+ent < .'. 1221= +a0 .e used if s9ecificall0 allo4ed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e steel s6all .e o.tained fro+ an a99roved +anufacturer and GTest CertificateG for eac6 .atc6 of steel received at site of t6e 4or* s6all .e su.+itted to t6e Engineer. T6e nu+.er and siBe of all steel .ars@ ties stirru9s and ot6er +e+.ers of t6e reinforce+ent s6all .e in exact accordance 4it6 t6e #ra4ing and t6e rods s6all .e .ent cold .0 t6e gradual and unifor+ a99lication of force to t6e s6a9es and di+ensions give in t6e .ar .ending sc6edules. T6ese sc6edules s6all confor+ to I.'.I. 15((. T6e siBe of t6e 6oo* if not s9ecificall0 di+ensioned s6all .e as 9er I.'. 25(-15(2J. ars 46ic6 6ave .een .ent 4rongl0 s6all not .e straig6tened@ re.ent and used 4it6out t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer and 6eat s6all not .e used for .ending an0 reinforce+ent. All reinforce+ent s6all .e t6roug6l0 cleaned of all grease@ +ill scale@ loose rust or an0t6ing li*el0 to interfere 4it6 or 1$+

5.-.2

2aterials.

5.-.2.1

5.-.2.2

(.%.%

Fa=ricatio0 o4 Rei04orce/e0t.

5.-.-.1

5.-.-.2

5.-.-.-.

destro0 t6e ad6esion of t6e steel to t6e concrete. 5.-.-.2 &einforce+ent s6all .e suita.le su99orted .0 steel or concrete s9acers@ care .eing ta*en during t6e concreting o9eration to +aintain t6e concrete cover s9ecified. All 6oo9s@ lin*s and stirru9s s6all .e taut to t6at t6e .ars t6en tied toget6er are 9ro9erl0 .raced. If 9ossi.le t6e reinforce+ent s6all .e fa.ricated into fra+es or +ats .efore .eing fixed in t6e for+s. $oods Dualit0 ductile .inding 4ire of 1.( ++. dia s6all .e used to fix and secure t6e reinforce+ent so t6at no .ars 4ill .e distur.ed or dis9laced 46en t6e concrete is 9laced. Alternativel0 tuc* 4elding +a0 .e carried out to secure and fix t6e reinforce+ent instead of .inding 4ire. No concreting s6all .e co++enced until t6e .ards 6ave .een 9ro9erl0 fixed and tied and 6ave .een ins9ected and a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. ?elding E F ?elding of .ars s6all .e carried out onl0 4it6 t6e s9ecific 9er+ission of t6e Engineer and detailed s9ecifications as given in '9ecifications No. ,.- s6all .e follo4ed for 4or*-+ans6i9@ Dualit0 etc. '6uttering s6all .e of fra+ed resin .onded 9l0-4ood 9anels@ +etal 9anels@ 4roug6t 4ood 9anel or t6e eDuivalent suc6 as 4ill 9roduce surface in one 9lane free fro+ li9s and 8>ins8. No o.Cection 4ill .e +ade to t6e Coint +ar*s on t6e struc* faces 9rovided t6e0 are unifor+l0 s9aced and trul0 6oriBontal and vertical. T6e face of an0 s6uttering in contact 4it6 t6e concrete s6all .e s+oot6 and adeDuate 9recautions s6all .e ta*en to ensure t6at t6ere is no loss of grout fro+ t6e s6utter .0 t6e use of tonguing and grooving or .0 ot6er a99roved +eans. In case of +etal s6uttering@ it s6all .e of a t09e 46ic6 does not reDuire t6e use of 4ire or ot6er ties 46ic6 re+ain e+.edded in t6e face of t6e concrete after t6e s6uttering 6as .een re+oved.

5.-.-.5

(.%.'

Shutteri0g.

5.-.2.1

5.-.2.2.

1$,

5.-.2.-.

T6e s6uttering and .racing of t6e s6uttering s6all .e suc6 t6at t6ere s6all .e no defor+ation of t6e s6utters under t6e 4eig6t of 4et concrete nor due to its 9lacing and consolidation. No a99liances for su99orting s6uttering or scaffolding s6all .e fixed into t6e 9er+anent structure exce9t 4it6 t6e Engineer8s a99roval and s6uttering s6all .e so constructed t6at it can .e re+oved 4it6out da+aging t6e concrete eit6er .0 s6oc* or vi.ration or .0 an0 ot6er cause. T6e contractor s6all ensure t6at no excessive loads are .roug6t on to t6e ne4 4or* .0 s6utter re+oval. 3rior to erecting an0 s6uttering on t6e 4or*s@ t6e contractor s6all su.+it dra4ings s6o4ing clearl0 t6e +et6ods 46ic6 6e 9ro9oses to use for all 9arts of t6e 4or*s. An0 reasona.le +odification reDuired .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e co+9lied 4it6 and no s6uttering s6all .e erected until final a99roval to dra4ings 6as .een accorded. '6utters s6all .e cleaned of all dust@ 4ood s6avings@ dirt and ot6er extraneous +atter .0 4as6ing do4n 4it6 4ater .efore an0 concrete is 9laced inside and to facilitate t6is draining 6oles +a0 .e left in t6e s6uttering. T6e interior surface of t6e s6uttering s6all .e coated 4it6in a99roved G%ould OilG 9re9aration to 9revent t6e concrete ad6ering to s6uttering and t6e +ould oil used s6all .e suc6 as 4ill not cause stains to a99ear on t6e concrete. >or+s of .ea+s s6all .e laid 4it6 an u94ard ca+.er of 1N2,/ to 1N5// of t6e s9an to allo4 for settle+ent .efore and after t6e for+4or* is struc*. No 9art of t6e s6uttering s6all .e loosened or struc* 4it6out t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer .ut suc6 9er+ission s6all not relieve t6e Contractor of 6is res9onsi.ilit0 for t6e 9ro9er state of t6e finis6ed 4or*. T6e +ini+u+ 9eriod of ti+e 46ic6 s6all ela9se .et4een 9ouring t6e concrete and loosening or re+oving t6e s6uttering s6all 1$-

5.-.2.2.

5.-.2.5.

5.-.2.(.

5.-.2.).

(.%.(.

Re/o8al o4 For/ Aor:.

5.-.5.1.

de9end on t6e nature of t6e 9art su99orted and t6e Dualit0 of concrete. G>or Ordinar0 Ce+ent ConcreteG in nor+al cli+atic conditions i.e. in t6e te+9erature a.out 2//C for+s +a0 .e struc* after ex9ir0 of t6e follo4ing 9eriods. <a= <.= <c= <d= ?alls@ Colu+ns : vertical sides of .ea+s. 'la.s <3ro9s left under= ea+ soffit. <3ro9s left under= &e+oval of 9ro9s to sla.s. <i= '9anning u9to 2.5 +. <ii= '9anning <e= &e+oval of 9ro9s to .ea+s and arc6es. <i= '9anning u9to ( +. <ii= '9anning over ( +. (.%.+ Co/pactio0. 5.-.(.1. 12 da0s 21 da0s ) da0s 12 da0s 22 to 2, 6ours - da0s ) da0s

Concrete s6all .e 9laced in la0ers around t6e reinforce+ent carefull0 and in suc6 a 4a0 so t6at no 6one0co+.ing occurs in t6e finis6ed 4or*. It s6all .e 9laced in la0ers not exceeding -/ c+s. in de9t6 or as directed .0 t6e Engineer. efore t6e concrete 6as ta*en its initial sets it s6all .e co+9acted as 9er '9ecification No. 5.2 9articulars care s6all .e ta*en to co+9act concrete near t6e s6utters so as to 9roduce a dense s+oot6 face free fro+ 6one0co+.ing. In filling colu+ns@ t6e concrete s6all .e 9oured into t6e +oulds in 15 c+. la0ers and constantl0 ta+9ed 4it6 rods to ex9el air .u..le. I++ersion vi.rators +a0 .e used. If s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer t6e 4or* of filling in .ea+s and sla.s s6all .e co+9leted in one o9eration .et4een t6e construction andNor ex9ansion Coints as s6o4n on t6e dra4ing.

5.-.(.2

5.-.(.-.

1$5

(.%.,

Doi0ts.

5.-.).1.

T6e 9osition of construction and ex9ansion Coints s6all .e as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings. T6e construction Coints s6all .e as 9er detailed s9ecification for G3lain Ce+ent concreteG and if s6o4n on t6e dra4ing a +etal stri9 1.( ++. t6ic* and 15 c+. 4ide s6all .e inserted. T6e cost of t6e construction Coints s6all .e included in t6e cost of t6e concrete@ .ut contraction and ex9ansion Coints s6all .e +easured and 9aid for se9aratel0. T6e construction and Ex9ansion Coints s6all .e constructed 4it6 great care and s6all confor+ to t6e dra4ings. 'a+e as 9er 9lain ce+ent concrete.

(.%.-.

Cure a03 Protectio0 o4 Co0crete. Co0crete Fi0ishes.

5.-.,.1.

(.%.5.

5.-.5.1.

Exce9t as detailed in clause 5.-.5.2 t6e concrete s6all receive no treat+ent after t6e stri*ing of t6e s6utters exce9t for t6e re+oval of concrete fins and ru..ing do4n 9roud Coint +ar*s .0 t6e use of a car.orundu+ stone. A +asons finis6 s6all .e a99lied to all visi.le concrete surfaces as descri.ed .elo4E F I++ediatel0 after stri*ing t6e s6uttering@ t6e concrete on t6e face to .e treated s6all .e ru..ed do4n to a s+oot6 surface 4it6 a c6ar.orundu+ stone@ 9roCecting fins of concrete .eing re+oved .0 c6i99ing 46ere necessar0. All dust and de.ris s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e concrete face .0 t6e use of co9ious Duantities of clean 4ater. '+all Duantit0 of +ortar co+9osed for ce+ent and fine sand in eDual 9ro9ortions s6all .e a99lied to t6e surface 4it6 a 4ooden float using a rotar0 +otion and 9ressure so t6at t6e +ortar is ru..ed into t6e concrete and a certain a+ount of +aterial is derived fro+ t6e concrete surface .0 a.rasion. T6e 9rocess is to .e continued until a s+oot6 finis6 is o.tained to t6e Engineer8s satisfaction.

5.-.5.2.

(.%.16.

2easure/e0t o4 5.-.1/.1. Co0crete.

'e9arate ite+s s6all .e 9rovided 46ere differing +et6ods of construction are involved in different 9arts of t6e 4or*. 1%6

T6us t6e follo4ing class of concrete s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as follo4sE F <a= <.= <c= <d= 5.-.1/.2 %ass concrete 9laced in-situ. &einforced concrete 9laced in-situ. 3restressed concrete 9laced in-situ. 3recast concrete <+ass@ reinforced or 3restressed= >or eac6 of t6e a.ove classes of 8Insitu8 concrete construction@ ite+ s6all .e 9rovided for t6e concrete itself and it s6all include t6e +ixing@ 9lacing and co+9action of t6e concrete. In addition se9arate ite+s s6all .e 9rovided forE F '6uttering. >ace 4or*. 'teel. Tensioning 9restressed concrete. >ixing iron 4or*. Insitu concrete E F In all classes of insitu concrete se9arate ite+s are to .e 9rovided forE F #ifferent Dualities of concrete. 'tructural ele+ents suc6 as colu+ns@ .ea+s@ sla.s etc. Concrete de9osited under 4ater@ t6e levels of de+arcation .eing stated. Concrete generall0 46ere t6e cost of de9ositing concrete or fixing 9recast 4or* is affected .0 its 9osition in t6e 4or*.

<a= <.= <c= <d= <e= 5.-.1/.-

<a= <.= <c= <d=

5.-.1/.2. No deduction in t6e +easure+ent of concrete s6all .e +ade for s+all cavities@ c6a+96ers@ no sings@ .olt-6oles@ rails@ Coints@ reinforce+ent or t6e li*e. 5.-.1/.5. C6aCCas u9 to 15 c+. t6ic*ness s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ t6ose exceeding 15 c+. in t6ic*ness. C6aCCas s6all .e full0

1%1

descri.ed and t6e ite+ s6all include all for+ 4or*@ fair finis6 and t6e 9ortion .earing t6e 4all. &einforce+ent s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e c6aCCas s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres inclusive@ of t6e .earing. ?6ere t6e c6aCCas are co+.ined 4it6 lintel .ea+@ sla. etc.@ t6e co++on 9ortion s6all .e +easured under res9ective ite+ 4it6 46ic6 it is co+.ined. 5.-.1/.( In Tee-.ea+ construction@ t6e floor or root s6all .e ta*en running continuousl0 t6roug6@ and t6e .ea+s as t6at 9ortion a.ove or .elo4 t6e floor or roof.

5.-.1/.). Colu+ns s6all .e +easured fro+ t6e floor surface to t6e underside of t6e .ea+ or sla.s. In t6e case of 86aunc6es8 t6e colu+ns s6all .e +easured u9 to t6e s9ringing of t6e 6aunc6es and t6e latter included in .ea+s. ?6ere t6e 4idt6 of t6e .ea+s is less t6an t6e 4idt6 of t6e colu+ns@ t6e extra 4idt6 at t6e Cunction s6all .e included 4it6 t6e .ea+. 5.-.1/.,. T6e ite+ of 9recast concrete is to cover t6e cost of +oulds@ .ut se9arate ite+ is to .e 9rovided for Coggles and do4els +easured as extra over .loc* 4or*. 5.-.1/.5. 3restressed ConcreteE F T6e ite+ for asse+.l0 and erection are to include t6at of Coining. T6e cost of +oulds and concrete are to .e include in t6e rate for +e+.ers. 'e9arate ite+s are to .e 9rovided for units of differing cross section and lengt6. (.%.11. 2easure/e0t o4 5.-.11.1. T6e ter+ s6uttering is to include Shutteri0g. centering@ for+ 4or* and t6e li*e. !nless ot6er4ise stated t6e rates for s6uttering s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0 and s6all include t6e cost of all 9arts in contact 4it6 t6e concrete and t6e necessar0 .earer8s@ struts and ot6er su99orts. 5.-.11.2. '6uttering is to .e +easured as t6e area of t6e finis6ed structure 46ic6 reDuired to .e su99orted during t6e de9osition of t6e concrete. T6e cost of t6e s6uttering reDuired to for+ t6e construction Coints@ s*e4-.ac*s@ sto9 ends@ ste99ing@ .onding@ c6ases and t6e li*e@ 46ic6 +a0 .e 1%$

necessar0 to u96old t6e concrete during t6e o9erations of de9osition and setting@ is to .e covered .0 t6e rate for t6e concrete and no +easure+ent of s6uttering is to .e ta*en in t6ese cases. 5.-.11.-. 'e9arate ite+s are to .e 9rovided for roug6 and 4roug6t <9laned= s6uttering and for s6uttering to vertical@ 6oriBontal@ .attered@ curved@ arc6ed@ do+ical and ot6er t09es of 4or*. All s6uttering of -/ c+s. in 4idt6 or under and all fillets or s9la0s over 1/ c+s. in 4idt6 or under and all fillets or s9la0s over 1/ c+s. 4ide on t6e s9la0 are to .e +easured .0 t6e linear +etre@ t6e 4idt6 .eing stated. 5.-.11.2. 'e9arate ite+s are to .e 9rovided for for+ing 6oles for 9i9es and t6e li*e and +easured .0 nu+.er no deduction is to .e +ade fro+ t6e +easure+ent of s6uttering in res9ect of suc6 6oles. 5.-.11.5. ?6ere t6e cross-section of t6e concrete is reasona.l0 unifor+ t6roug6out t6e lengt6 of t6e 9ro9osed structure@ or 46ere t6e area of s6uttering is constant in relation to t6e cu.ic content of t6e concrete to .e su99orted@ t6e cost of t6is 4or* .eing covered .0 t6e rate for t6e concrete. In t6ese cases t6e descri9tion attac6ed to t6e ite+ of concrete is to +a*e it clear@ t6at allo4ance for s6uttering is to .e +ade in t6e rate for t6e concrete. 5.-.11.(. T6e ite+s of +easure+ent for face 4or* is to .e t6e sDuare +etre +easured extra over t6e concrete. 5.-.11.) 'e9arate ite+s are to .e 9rovided 46en different Dualities of face 4or* are desired to .e o.tained. ar or rod reinforce+ent and steel 4ires or ca.les s6all .e +easured according tot 6e 4eig6t as calculated fro+ t6e dra4ing or as 9er .ar .ending sc6edules@ no allo4ances .eing +ade for 4aste or rolling +argin. Onl0 aut6orised la9s .ased on t6e standard lengt6 of .ars as s6o4n on t6e 4or*ing dra4ings s6all .e +easured. ?ire or ot6er +aterial reDuired@ for .inding or su99orting t6e 1%%

(.%.1$

2easure/e0t o4 steel.

5.-.12.1

reinforce+ent is not to .e +easured .ut its 9roviding and fixing of reinforce+ent is not to .e +easured .ut its cost as 4ell as t6at of .ending 6oo*ing or all ot6er 4or* in 9roviding and fixing of reinforce+ent as s6o4n in t6e dra4ing or s9ecified is to .e covered .0 rate of t6e .ars or rods. 5.-.12.2 >a.ric reinforce+ent E>a.ric reinforce+ent s6all .e in sD. +etres stating t6e +es6 siBe. No extra allo4ances for extra +aterials for la9s@ for cutting t6e fa.ric in 9ro9er siBes reDuired and for t6e .inding t6e 4or* is to .e +ade. t6e a+ount of "a9 is to .e stated.

(.%.1%.

2easure/e0t o4 5.-.1-.1. Ex9ansion@ Coints is sus9ended floor@ E7pa0sio0 Doi0ts roofs and 4alls s6all .e given in running a03 Co0creti0g. +etres stating t6e de9t6@ and 4idt6 of Coints@ and s6all .e descri.ed as including all for+ 4or* and la.our necessar0 to for+ t6e Coint. T6e +aterial used in filling and or for covering t6e Coints s6all .e full0 descri.ed and included 4it6 t6e ite+.

1%'

C&APTER - + - 2ASONR* +.1 #ENERA! SPECIFICATION FOR STONE 2ASONR*. +.1.1. Scope. (.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers ter+inolog0@ +ortar@ and la0s do4n reDuire+ents for .onding@ scaffolding@ .rea*ing of Coints@ dela0ing of +asonr0 of one 9art@ Ca+.s@ do4els and cra+9s@ +ouldings@ 9rotection@ curing@ and 4as6ing@ for stone +asonr0 4or*s. As6larE- 'tone dressed on all t6e faces is *no4n as As6lar. &u..leE- >rag+ents of stones are called &u..le. 'caffoldE- Te+9orar0 9latfor+ for t6e 4or*+en su99orted over u9rig6ts is *no4n as 'caffold. 1eaderE- 'tones laid 4it6 its lengt6 at rig6t angles to t6e face of t6e 4all is *no4n as 1eader <co+9are 4it6 a .ond stone=. 'tretc6erE- 'tones laid 4it6 its lengt6 9arallel to t6e face of t6e 4all is *no4n as stretc6er. ond 'toneE- <T6roug6 stone= E single 6eader or a line of 6eaders la99ing eac6 ot6er 9rovided t6roug6 t6e 4all is *no4n as stone. - A over rig6t ond

+.1.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

(.1.2.1. (.1.2.2. (.1.2.-.

(.1.2.2.

(.1.2.5.

(.1.2.(.

(.1.2.). (.1.2.,. (.1.2.5. (.1.2.1/. (.1.2.11

HuoinE- 'tones 9rovided at t6e external angles in a 4all are *no4n as Huoins. >ace of 'toneE- T6e ex9osed surface of stones is *no4n as face of stone. edsE- T6e 6oriBontal surfaces of stones s6all .e *no4n as eds. AointsE-T6e vertical or inclined surface s6all .e *no4n as Aoints. rea* of AointsE- T6e 6oriBontal distance of t6e vertical Coints of a course fro+ t6e adCacent@ vertical Coints in t6e adCacent courses a.ove and .elo4 is *no4n as

1%(

rea* of Coints. (.1.2.12 1earting of ac*ingE- T6e +asonr0 .et4een t6e facing +asonr0 is *no4n as 1earting or ac*ing. As6lar veneerE- T6in dressed sla.s of stones are *no4n as As6lar Veneer. #u+.-.ell '6a9edE- 'tone t6inner in t6e +iddle t6an at t6e ends are *no4n as #u+.-.ell s6a9ed stones. #o4elE- A nail 6aving .ot6 t6e ends 9ointed s6ar9ed is called #o4el. Cra+9E- A ! s6a9ed cla+9@ for fixing stones is *no4n as Cra+9. T6e suita.le 9ro9ortions of +ortars for different situations and loading of +asonr0 are as given in Ta.le II and III of A99endix A to c6a9ter 2-Ex9lanator0 Notes for +ortars@ one to .e used s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. %ortar of as6lar 4or*E- T6e +ortar for as6lar 4or* s6ould +atc6 4it6 t6e colour of stone and for t6is sand s6ould .e o.tained .0 crus6ing t6e stone used in t6e as6lar 4or*. All scaffolding s6all .e inde9endent exce9t for faces to .e 9lastered or to .e covered ot6er4ise 46en 9ut-log scaffold +a0 .e used and 9utlog +a0 rest in 6oles in t6e +asonr0. 3utlog 6oles s6all .e +ade good as t6e scaffolding is re+oved. As6lar and coursed ru..le +asonr0ET6e stones s6all .rea* Coints for atleast 6alf t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. &ando+ ru..le %asonr0E- T6e stone s6all .rea* Coints as for as 9ossi.le. #o4els and cra+9s@ 46ere reDuired s6all .e of t6e 6ardest and toug6est stone 9rocura.le or of co99er. Iron cra+9s are not to .e used. T6e courses of 9illars@ s*e4.ac*s and si+ilar 4or* s6all .e 1%+

(.1.2.1(.1.2.12

(.1.2.15 (.1.2.1( +.1.%. 2ortar. (.1.-.1.

(.1.-.2.

+.1.'.

Sca44ol3i0g.

(.1.2.1.

+.1.(.

Brea: o4 Doi0t.

(.1.5.1.

(.1.5.2. +.1.+. "o>els Cra/ps a03 Doggles. (.1.(.1.

Coggled to t6e stone .elo4 if s9ecified. +.1.,. 2oul3i0gs. (.1.).1. All +ouldings s6all .e 4or*ed to te+9lates cut out of s6eet Binc or an0 ot6er +etal a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. ?6en +asonr0 in 46ole of t6e structure cannot .e carried at one level si+ultaneousl0@ it s6all .e rac*ed <slo9ed= .ac* at an angle not exceeding -// 4it6 t6e 6oriBontal. As6lar ?or*E- All fine dressed 4or* s6all .e 9rotected during t6e 9rogress of 4or* .0 +eans of 4ood .oxing or ot6er suita.le and a99roved +eans i++ediatel0 after fixing@ at t6e contractors ex9ense. After t6e co+9letion of 4or* t6e casing s6all .e re+oved and t6e 4or* cleaned do4n 9ro9erl0. All t09es of fres6 +asonr0 4or* s6ould .e 9rotected fro+ rain. All @+asonr0 4or* s6all .e *e9t 4et constantl0 for ten da0s. ?atering s6all .e done carefull0 so as not 4as6 to t6e +ortar out of Coints on 6olida0s t6e to9 of all unset +asonr0 it to .e *e9t flooded 4it6 - c+. de9t6 of 4ater filled in to *iaries +ade 4it6 li+e +ortar. All as6lar and coursed +asonr0 4or* s6all .e 4as6ed on co+9letion and all stains re+oved fro+ t6e face.

+.1.-.

"ela1i0g o4 2aso0r1 o4 o0e Part.

(.1.,.1.

+.1.5.

Protectio0.

(.1.5.1.

(.1.5.2. +.1.16. Curi0g. (.1.1/.1.

+.1.11.

Aashi0g.

(.1.11.1.

1%,

+.$ AS&!AR 2ASONR*. +.$.1. Ashlar Fi0e 2aso0r1. +.$.1.1. Scope. (.2.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ courses@ Coints@ .onds@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of As6lar +asonr0. t6is s9ecification does not cover colu+ns@ arc6es@ and do+es. <'ee #rg. No. (.2.11.(.2.1.-2.= 'tonesE- '6all confor+ in all res9ects <suc6 as Dualit0@ siBe etc.= to s9ecification No. 2.2. for .uilding stone. #ressing of stoneE- 'tone s6all .e fine tooled on all Coints@ .eds@ and faces. T6e Gfine tooledG dressing s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification for dressing of natural .uilding stones <see C6a9ter 5Ex9lanator0 Notes= Eac6 stone .loc* to .e free fro+ unsig6tl0 c6i99ings and to give 9erfect 6oriBontal and vertical Coints 4it6 t6e adCoining stones. >aces of stones s6all .e .roug6t to a unifor+ 9lane or curved surfaces as s9ecified in t6e dra4ings. ond stones in As6lar 4or*E- >or 4all u9to ,/ c+@ and under all t6e 6eaders s6all .e eDual to t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all. Aa+.sE- Aa+.s for doors@ 4indo4s and an0 o9enings s6all .e for+ed 4it6 stones of t6e full 6eig6t of t6e courses. readt6 atleast eDual to t6e 6eig6t of t6e course and lengt6 atleast t4ice t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. Out of t6eseI stones of full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all s6all .e 9rovided at 6eig6t of not exceeding. I +. a9art clear.

+.$.1.$.

2aterials.

<a=

<i=

<.=

<c=

+.$.1.%.

Courses.

(.2.1.-.1. !nless ot6er4ise a99roved .0 t6e Engineer in 4riting t6e 6eig6t of t6e course s6all not .e less t6an -/ c+. and all t6e courses s6all .e of t6e sa+e 6eig6t. ?6en ot6er4ise a99roved no course s6all .e t6ic*er t6an an0 course .elo4 it. Onl0 one stone to .e used in t6e 6eig6t of course. (.2.1.2.1. T6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ in t6ic*ness and as t6in as 9ossi.le .ut not exceeding 2 ++ in an0 case. <'ee #rg. No. (.2.1.2= (.2.1.5.1. efore fixing a stone 4it6 +ortar it s6all 1%-

+.$.1.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts.

+.$.1.(.

!a1i0g.

.e adCusted into its 9lace dr0 in order t6at an0 inaccurac0 +a0 .e discovered and corrected. >inall0 t6e stone is t6roug6l0 4etted and fixed 4it6 +ortar. (.2.1.5.2. ondingE- T6e face stones .e laid alternatel0 6eaders and stretc6ers <unless ot6er4ise a99roved=. T6e 6eaders .eing arranged to co+e as nearl0 as 9ossi.le in t6e +iddle of t6e stretc6ers .elo4@ and t6e stone s6all .rea* Coint on t6e face for atleast 6alf t6e 6eig6t of t6e course and t6e .ond s6all .e +aintained t6roug6out t6e 4all. T6e 4or* s6all .e carried u9 regularl0 and +asonr0 on an0 da0 4ill not .e raised +ore t6an (/ c+. in 6eig6t. T6e course lines s6all .e trul0 6oriBontal and Coint trul0 vertical. T6e 4or* s6all .e carried truel0I 9lu+. and sDuare or to t6e .atters and curves as 9er dra4ings. 1arder stones@ suc6 as granite@ tra9 or si+ilar stones s6all .e *e9t se9arate fro+ softer stone suc6 as li+e stone@ sand stone etc. T6e stones fro+ different Duarries s6all .e *e9t se9arate suc6 as 7arauli stone@ Aod69ur stone <red and 3in* variet0 se9arated=. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured .0 volu+e t6e unit .eing ten cu.ic deci+etres. T6e la.our for dressing ot6er t6an dressing to +a*e sDuared or curvilinear .loc*s suc6 as c6a+96ers@ s9la0s@ re.ates@ grooves etc. s6all not .e inclusive in t6e cu.ic rate of t6e 4or* unless ot6er4ise s9ecified and s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. ?alling curved in 9lan to a +ean radius not exceeding ( +@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and s6all include all 4aste and dressing to curvature. ?alling curved in 9lan to +ean radius exceeding ( +. s6all .e included 4it6 t6e general 4alling and s6all .e +easured net onl0. ?alls less t6an -/ c+s. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

+.$.1.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.= <c=

<d=

<e= +.$.1.,.

2ortarB (.2.1.).1. <a= %ortar@ scaffolding@ 3rotection@ Sca44ol3i0gB curing@ 4as6ing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e Protectio0B 9rovisions laid do4n under '9ecification Curi0gB Aashi0g No. (.1. G$eneral s9ecification for stone etc.. +asonr0.G

1%5

1'6

1'1

+.$.$. Ashlar Rough Toole3 2aso0r1 or Bloc: i0 Course 2aso0r1. +.$.1.1. Scope. (.2.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ courses@ Coints@ .onds@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of As6lar roug6 tooled +asonr0. T6is s9ecification does not cover colu+ns@ arc6es@ and do+es. <'ee #rg. No. (.2.2-1.=. 'tonesE- '6all confor+ in all res9ects suc6 as Dualit0@ siBe etc. to s9ecification No. 2.2. for .uilding stone. #ressing of stoneE- 'tone s6all .e roug6 tooled on all Coints@ .eds@ and faces. T6e Groug6 tooledG dressing s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification for dressing of natural .uilding stones <see C6a9ter 5Ex9lanator0 Notes= Eac6 stone s6all .e a sDuared or curvilinear .loc* to .e free fro+ unsig6tl0 c6i99ings and to give 9erfect 6oriBontal and vertical Coints 4it6 t6e adCoining stones. >aces of stones s6all .e .roug6t to a unifor+ 9lane or curved surfaces as s9ecified in t6e dra4ings. ond stones in As6lar 4or*E- >or 4all u9to ,/ c+@ and under all t6e 6eaders s6all .e eDual to t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all. Aa+.sE- Aa+.s for doors@ 4indo4s and an0 o9enings s6all .e for+ed 4it6 stones of t6e full 6eig6t of t6e courses. readt6 at least eDual to t6e 6eig6t of t6e course and lengt6 at least t4ice t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. Out of t6eseI stones of full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all s6all .e 9rovided at 6eig6t of not exceeding. I +etre. a9art clear.

+.$.$.$.

2aterials.

<a=

<i=

<.=

<c=

+.$.$.%.

Courses.

(.2.2.-.1. Courses s6all confor+ to all t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under clause No. (.2.1.-.1. of s9ecification for As6lar fine +asonr0 exce9t t6e 6eig6t 46ic6 s6all not .e less t6an 2/ c+s. (.2.2.2.1. T6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ in t6ic*ness and as t6in as 9ossi.le .ut not exceeding 1'$

+.$.$.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts.

- ++ in an0 case. <T6e t6ic*ness of Coints s6all .e eDual to distance .et4een t6e i+aginar0 lines 6eld against t6e surfaces and not .et4een an0 t4o 9oints on t6e surfaces=. 'ee #rg. No. (.2.2.-1. +.$.$.(. !a1i0gB Bo03i0gB (.2.2.5.1. "a0ing@ onding@ +ode of +easure+ent@ 2o3e o4 +ortar@ scaffolding@ 9rotection@ curing@ 2easure/e0tB 4as6ing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e Sca44ol3i0gB 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification Protectio0B No. (.2.1. for GAs6lar fine +asonr0G. Curi0gB Aashi0gB etc.

1'%

+.$.%. Ashlar Pitches Face3 2aso0r1. +.$.%.1. Scope. (.2.-.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ courses@ Coints@ .ond@ la0ing and %ode of +easure+ent of As6lar 3itc6ed faced %asonr0. T6e s9ecification does not cover colu+ns@ arc6es and do+es. <'ee. #rg. No. (.2.-.-1= (.2.-.2.1. In all res9ects exce9t dressing on t6e faces of all stones 46ic6 s6all co+9l0 as given .elo4 under (.2.-.-.@ t6is +asonr0 s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. (.2.2. s9ecification for As6lar roug6 tooled +asonr0 or .loc* in course %asonr0. (.2.-.-.1. T6e faces of all t6e stones s6all .e G3itc6ed->aced dressed.G 3itc6ed faced dressing s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions under s9ecification for dressing of natural .uilding stones. <'ee C6a9ter 5Ex9lanator0 Notes=.

+.$.%.$.

#e0eral

+.$.%.%.

"ressi0g.

1''

1'(

+.$.'. Ashlar Faci0g 2aso0r1. +.$.'.1. Scope. (.2.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers all t6e t6ree t09es of t6e As6lar facing +asonr0 viB. >ine tooled@ roug6 tooled and 3itc6ed faced dressed@ and la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ courses@ Coints@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent. (.2.2.2.1. 'tonesE- T6e stones s6all confor+ in all res9ects to t6e s9ecification No. 2.2. for .uilding stones exce9t t6e GsiBeG 46ic6 s6all .e as given .elo4EF <a= No+inal 'iBeE- No stone s6all .e less t6an 2/ c+s. in 6eig6t. T6e lengt6 of t6e stone s6all .e less t6an t4ice t6e 6eig6t of t6e course and readt6 not less t6an 1R1N- ti+es t6e 6eig6t of t6e course nor not less t6an -/ c+s. >or 4alls (/ c+s. and a.ove 6eaders s6all not .e less t6an (/ c+. in lengt6 and .readt6 and 6eig6t s6all .e as given a.ove. >or 4all less t6an (/ c+s@ t6e 6eaders s6all .e eDual to t6e full t6ic*ness of 4all. At least 1N-rd lengt6 of eac6 course to .e 6eader@ used at regular intervals <t6e 6eaders used as .ond stones 4ill count for t6is 9ur9ose .ut not t6e Duoins and Ca+. stones=. NoteE- T6e actual siBe s6all .e eDual to t6e no+inal siBe Coint t6ic*ness. <.= <i= #ressing of stonesE>ace dressingE- >aces of stones s6all .e dressed fine tooled@ roug6 tooled or 9itc6ed faced dressed as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. t6e faces of all stones s6all .e .roug6t exactl0 to a unifor+ 9lane or curved surface as s9ecified in t6e dra4ings. eds and Coints dressingE- T6e eds Coints s6all also .e Gfine tooledG in case of As6lar fine facing +asonr0 and roug6 tooled in case of as6lar roug6 tooled in case of as6lar roug6 tooled facing +asonr0 and As6lar 9itc6ed faced dressed facing +asonr0 sa+e as s9ecified in t6e res9ective As6lar %asonr0 exce9t t6at t6e .eds and Coints 1'+

+.$.'.$.

2aterials.

<ii=

s6all not .e dressed to t6e full 4idt6 <to a 4idt6 eDual to t6e 6eig6t of t6e course= and t6e .ac* of t6e stone s6all .e left roug6 in t6e state as o.tained fro+ t6e Duarr0. 'tone s6all .e dressed so as to give 9erfectl0 vertical and 6oriBontal Coints 4it6 adCoining stones. All visi.le corners and edges s6all .e full0 true and free fro+ unsig6tl0 c6i99ings +.$.'.%. Courses. (.2.2.-.1. !nless stated ot6er4ise stones s6all .e laid in courses of suc6 6eig6t 46ic6 corres9onds to exact nu+.er of courses of .ac*ing .ut not less t6an 2/ c+s. All t6e courses s6all .e of t6e sa+e 6eig6t. ?6en ot6er4ise a99roved no course s6all .e t6ic*er t6an an0 course .elo4 it. (.2.2.2.1. T6e reDuire+ents for t6ic*ness of Coints s6all .e sa+e as s9ecified for t6e res9ective *ind of As6lar +asonr0. (.2.2.5.1. T6e .ac*ing +asonr0 s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e .ac*ing +asonr0 s6all .e carried u9 si+ultaneousl0 4it6 t6e face 4or*. <a= T6e As6lar facing +asonr0 4alling s6all .e +easured as &ando+ &u..le +asonr0 for t6e full t6ic*ness of 4alling and As6lar facing +asonr0 +easured in sDuare +etres on t6e face onl0. <T6e extra cost of dressing t6e stones accounted for= and if necessar0 in addition to t6at an extra as given .elo4 E--If t6e facing stone is different to t6at used in t6e .od0 of t6e 4alling an extra s6all .e 9aid for t6e difference in t6e cost of stone. T6e 9rovisions of su.-clause a=@ c= and d= of clause No. (.2.1.(. of s9ecification No. (.2.1. s6all a99l0 in case of 4alling curved in 9lan@ la.ours for dressing@ c6a+96ers@ re.ates etc. and dressing of 6arder and softer stones.

+.$.'.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts. Bac:i0g 2aso0r1.

+.$.'.(.

+.$.'.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<i=

<.=

+.$.'.,.

(.2.2.).1. In all ot6er res9ects it s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.1 and (.2.1.

1',

+.$.(. Ashlar Ee0eer Aor:. +.$.(.1. Scope. (.2.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents for +aterials@ dressing@ Coints@ fixing@ curing and %ode of +easure+ent for As6lar Veneer 4or*. (.2.5.2.1. 'tone 'la.sE T6e stone s6all generall0 .e sand stone and li+e stone sla.s. <a= <.= "i+e stone sla.@ s6all confor+ to I.'. 112,. 'and stone sla.E T6e stone s6all .e #6ol9ur or an0 ot6er stone as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. It s6all .e 6ard@ strong and dura.le. T6e stones s6all .e of natural unifor+ colour and texture. "ots of stone-sla.s .roug6t to t6e site s6all .e consistent 4it6 t6e 9rogress of t6e 4or* and eac6 lot s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore using t6e sa+e for 4or*. #ressingET6e li+e stone sla.s s6all .e 9olis6ed or fine tooled and sand stone sla.s fine tooled as 9er s9ecification for dressings of natural .uilding stones. <'ee C6a9ter 5-Ex9lantor0 Notes=. T6e dressing s6all .e done on t6e face and for t6e full 4idt6 of all t6e edges. T6e edges s6all .e fine tooled in all cases@ true and sDuare. T6e 9er+issi.le variation fro+ a rig6t angle@ t6at s6all not exceed 1 ++. in -/ c+s. If s9ecified t6e edges s6all .e +ac6ine cut 4it6 true and 9erfectl0 sDuare edges. 'iBesE- T6e t6ic*ness of li+e stone sla.s s6all .e 2/@25@-/ and -5 ++ and sand stone sla.s -/@2/ and 5/ ++. T6e lengt6 and .readt6 s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer.

+.$.(.$.

2aterials.

<c= <i=

<ii=

<iii=

<d=

+.$.(.%.

Thic:0ess o4

(.2.5.-.1. T6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ in t6ic*ness

1'-

Doi0ts. +.$.(.'. Fi7i0g.

and as t6in as 9ossi.le .ut not exceeding 1 ++ in an0 case. (.2.5.2.1. T6e .ac* ground to 46ic6 t6e sla.s s6all .e fixed s6ould not .e uneven suc6 as in case of &.&. +asonr0. It s6all .e 9lastered excluding t6e finis6ing coat and t6e surface left roug6. Onl0 after t6e 9laster 6as set co+9letel0@ fixing s6all .e started. (.2.5.2.2. T6e stone sla.s s6all .e soa*ed in clean 4ater for 6alf an 6our and cleaned off an0 ad6erant coatings on t6e roug6 .ac*ing. (.2.5.2.-. T6e .ac* ground s6all .e 4ell 4etted and t6e sla. s6all .e fixed 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E +ix unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. 'la.s s6all .e laid 4it6 continuous 9arallel Coints 6oriBontall0. Vertical Coints s6all eit6er .e continuous or .rea*ing Coints as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e sla.s s6all .e laterall0 su99orted till t6e +ortar 6as gained sufficient strengt6. (.2.5.2.2. All t6e stone sla.s s6all .e in t6e unifor+ 9lane or curved surface and in 9erfect 9lu+. unless t6e faces are ta9ered.

+.$.(.(. +.$.(.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. Sca44ol3i0gB Protectio0B Curi0gB Aashi0g. Etc.

(.2.5.5.1. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easure+ent in sDuare +etres. (.2.5.(.1. 'caffolding@ 9rotection@ curing@ 4as6ing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.1. $eneral s9ecification for stone +asonr0.

1'5

+.%. CO RSE" R BB!E FACIN# 2ASONR*. +.1.1. Course3 Ru==le-Faci0g 2aso0r1 First Sort. +.%.1.1. Scope. (.-.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ courses@ .ond@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent. T6is s9ecification does not cover colu+n@ arc6es and do+es. <'ee #rg. No. (.-.1.-1@ (.-.1.-2.@ (.-.1.-.= (.-.1.2.1. 'toneE- 'tone s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.2. for .uilding stone. "ots of stones .roug6t to t6e site s6all .e consistent 4it6 t6e 9rogress of t6e 4or* and eac6 lot s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore using t6e sa+e for 4or*. <a= <i= 'iBeEF No dressed u9 stone s6all .e less in lengt6 and .readt6 t6an its 6eig6t. At least 25J of t6e face stones s6all .e 6eaders tailing into t6e 4or*@ at least 2Nt6e t6ic*ness of 4all or full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all@ for 4alls -/ c+. and less and s6all .e evenl0 distri.uted over t6e entire face. T6e Duoins s6all also .e of t6e sa+e 6eig6t as t6e courses in 46ic6 t6e0 occur and at least 5/ c+s. in lengt6. #ressingEEac6 stone exce9t Duoins s6all .e 6a++er dressed on its face unless ot6er4ise s9ecified .ut no roug6 tooling s6all .e reDuired to .e done on t6e edges as s9ecified in clause 5.2.2. of s9ecification for dressing of natural uilding stones <'ee C6a9ter 5Ex9lanator0 Notes=. T6e .eds s6all .e roug6 tooled true and sDuare to t6e face at least for a distance of 1/ c+s. fro+ t6e face and t6e vertical Coints for at least 5 c+s. #ressing of DuoinsE- T6e ex9osed faces of all t6e Duoins s6all .e dressed as &oc* 1(6

+.%.1.$.

2aterials.

<ii=

<.= <i=

<ii=

<c=

facing and c6isel drafting. T6e .eds and Coints s6all .e roug6 tooled for a de9t6 atleast 1/ c+s. fro+ t6e face. +.%.1.%. Courses. (.-.1.-.1. T6e stones s6all .e laid in courses not less t6an 15 c+s. in 6eig6t in case of structures ot6er t6an .ridges and 2/ c+s. in 6eig6t in case of .ridges. All t6e courses s6all .e of t6e sa+e 6eig6t. ?6en ot6er4ise a99roved no course s6all .e t6ic*er t6an an0 course .elo4 it. Onl0 one stone s6all .e used in t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. (.-.1.2.1. T6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ in t6ic*ness and not exceeding 5 ++ in an0 case on t6e face. (.-.1.5.1. t6e 6earting s6all .e done in &ando+ &u..le +asonr0 46ile t6e interior face s6all eit6er .e in &ando+ or coursed &u..le facing +asonr0 second sort or coursed &u..le >irst sort as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. (.-.1.(.1. Eac6 stone s6all .e laid in t6e 4or* on its natural .ed. 'tones s6all .e t6roug6l0 4etted .efore la0ing 46en +ortar used contains ce+ent. T6e stones s6all .e laid full in +ortar. (.-.1.(.2. T6e face 4or*@ 6earting and interior face 4or* s6all .e .roug6t u9 si+ultaneousl0 .ut no atte+9t s6ould .e +ade to level u9 t6e &ando+ &u..le +asonr0 at eac6 ste9 .0 t6e use of c6i9s. (.-.1.(.-. T6e +asonr0 s6all .e carried truel0 in 9lu+. and sDuare. T6e courses s6all .e 6oriBontal and Coints vertical. +.%.1.,. 2easure/e0t. <a= T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured as &u..le +asonr0 for t6e full t6ic*ness of 4alling and coursed stone facing +asonr0 +easured in sDuare +etres onl0 over t6e face of t6e 4all Pt6e additional 4or* of dressing and 4astage of +aterial accounted for= and if necessar0 in addition to t6at an extra as given .elo4. If t6e facing stone is different to t6at used in t6e .od0 of t6e 4alling an extra 1(1

+.%.1.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0t. &earti0g a03 I0terior Face.

+.%.1.(.

+.%.1.+.

!a1i0g.

<i=

s6all .e 9aid for t6e difference in cost of stone. <.= ?alling curved on 9lan to a radius not exceeding (+. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 inclusive of all cuttings 4aste and te+9lates. ?alling curved on 9lan to a radius exceeding (+. s6all .e included 4it6 t6e general 4alling and s6all .e +easured net onl0. attered or ta9ered surfaces s6all .e +easureN se9aratel0 in sDuare +etres. No deductions or additions on an0 account s6all .e +ade for. O9ening u9to /./5 sDuare +etre in cross section <In calculating t6is are t6e siBe of t6e o9enings include an0 se9arate lintel or sill .ut not t6e extra 4idt6 of re.ated reveals@ if an0=. Ends of dis-si+ilar +aterials i.e.Coists@ .ea+s@ rafters girders@ 9urlins@ trusses etc. u9to 5// sD.c+.

<c=

<d= <e= <i=

<ii=

+.%.1.-.

2ortarB Bo03i0gB Sca44ol3i0gB Curi0gB Protectio0B Ra:i0gout Doi0tsB Aashi0g Etc.

(.-.1.,.1. %ortar@ onding@ 'caffolding@ Curing@ 3rotection@ &a*ingout Coints@ 4as6ing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.1. $eneral '9ecification for stone +asonr0.

1($

+.%.$. Course3 Ru==le-Faci0g 2aso0r1 Seco03 Sort. +.%.$.1. #e0eral (.-.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification confor+s to s9ecification No. (.-.1. s9ecification for coursed &u..le facing +asonar0 first sort in all res9ects@ exce9t t6e dressing of stones and t6ic*ness of Coints@ 46ic6 s6all .e as given .elo4 under (.-.2.2. and (.-.2.-. res9ectivel0. <a= Eac6 stone including Duoins s6all .e 6a++er dressed on its faces@ .ut no roug6 tooling s6all .e reDuired to .e done on t6e edges of faces of stones ot6er t6an Duoins as s9ecified in clause No. 5.2.2. of s9ecification for dressing of natural .uilding stones <'ee C6a9ter-5F Ex9lanator0 Notes=. T6e .eds of stones ot6er t6an Duoins s6all .e G6a++er dressedG true and sDuare 4it6 t6e face and Coints at least for a distance of , c+s. fro+ t6e face and t6e vertical Coints for atleast 2 c+s. T6e .eds and Coints of Duoins s6all .e roug6 tooled for a distance of atleast 1/ c+s. fro+ t6e face to .e true and sDuare 4it6 t6e ex9osed faces and 4it6 eac6 ot6er.

+.%.$.$.

"ressi0g o4 Sto0e.

<.=

<c=

+.%.$.%.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts.

(.-.2.-.1. T6e Coints s6all .e +ore or less unifor+ in average t6ic*ness and t6ic*ness at an0 Coint s6all not exceed 15 ++.

1(%

1('

1((

1(+

+.'. RAN"O2 R BB!E 2ASONR* +.'.1. Ra03o/ Ru==le 2aso0r1 +.'.1.1. Scope. (.2.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ Coints@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of &ando+ &u..le %asonr0. <'ee #rg. No. (.2.1.-1.= (.2.1.2.1. 'tonesE- 'tones s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.2 for .uilding stone. <a= #ressingE- T6e stone s6all .e +erel0 *noc*ed off at t6e s6ar9 and irregular corners@ edges and 46ere ever necessar0 for fitting 4ell into t6e 4or*. No .us6ing exceeding 2/ ++ s6all .e allo4ed on t6e face. t6e Duoins s6all .e neatl0 dressed to for+ t6e reDuired angle. <i.e. at Ca+.s and corners=. <.= <i= 'iBeEond 'tonesE- T6e stones s6all not .e less t6an 2// sD.c+. in cross sectional area at an0 9oint and s6all run rig6t t6roug6 t6e 4all for 4alls u9to (/ c+. and in case t6e 4all t6ic*ness exceed (/ c+s. a line of t4o or +ore@ .ond stone s6all .e laid fro+ face to .ac* overla99ing eac6 ot6er .0 15 c+s. +ini+u+@ t6e lengt6 of suc6 .ond stones s6all .e at least 5/ c+s. >ace stonesE- At least 25J stone s6all .e 6eaders tailing into t6e 4or* at least 2N-rd t6e t6ic*ness of 4all or full t6ic*ness of 4all for 4alls -/ c+s. and less in t6ic*ness. 'uc6 stones s6all not .e less t6an 2// sD. c+s. in cross section. 1earting and .ac*ingE- ?6ere 6earting can acco++odate@ a fair 9ro9ortion of t6e stones used in t6e 6earting s6all .e of large siBe. 25J of t6e+ s6all exceed /./1 +- in content. HuoinsE- T6e Duoins s6all .e at least -/ c+s@ in average lengt6 and /./1 +- in content and laid alternatel0 as 6eaders 1(,

+.'.1.$.

2aterials

<ii=

<iii=

<iv=

and stretc6ers@ out of t6e+ stones at courses not exceeding 1 +etre centre to centre@ s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a +ini+u+ lengt6 of 5/ c+s. and cross sections 2// c+2.<siBe of .ond stones s9ecified a.ove = on eac6 ex9osed face. <v= Aa+. stonesE F T6e Ca+.s s6all .e +ade 4it6 stones s9ecified for Duoins exce9t t6at t6e stones 46ic6 4ere reDuired to .e 9rovided at 1 +etre centre to centre on .ot6 t6e ex9osed faces s6all 6ere .e 9rovided onl0 on t6e Ca+. and t6e lengt6 s6all .e eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 4all for 4alls u9to (/ c+s. and a line of 6eaders s6all .e 9rovided for 4alls t6ic*er t6an (/ c+s. as s9ecified for .ond.

+.'.1.%.

Courses .

(.2.1.-.1. T6e +asonr0 s6all .e carried out in regular 6oriBontal courses of 6eig6t not exceeding 5/ c+s. and +asonr0 on an0 da0 4ill not .e raised +ore t6an (/ c+s. in 6eig6t 46en using +ortars 6aving co+9ressive strengt6 less t6an 2/ *gNc+2 at 2, da0s and 1// c+s. 46en using +ortars exceeding t6is strengt6. No atte+9t s6ould .e +ade to level u9 t6e +asonr0 at eac6 courses .0 t6e use of t6in stones.

+.'.1.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts .

(.2.1.2.1. T6e Coint s6all not exceed -/ ++. at an0 9oint on t6e face. c6i9s of stones and s9alls s6all .e 4edged into t6e face@ .eds and Coints to avoid excessive .ed and Coint t6ic*ness. (.2.1.5.1. 'tones s6all .e laid on t6eir natural .ed and s6all .e solidl0 .edded full in +ortar 4it6 close Coints@ c6i9s of stone and s9alls s6all .e 4edged into t6e 4or* 46erever necessar0. No dr0 4or* or 6ollo4 s9aces s6all .e allo4ed and ever0 stone 46et6er large or s+all s6all .e set full in +ortar. '+aller stones s6all .e carefull0 selected to fit snugl0 t6e intersties .et4een t6e large stones. ond stones and 6eaders s6all .e 9ro9erl0 laid into t6e 4or* and s6all .e +ar*ed .0 t6e contractor 4it6 46ite lead 9aint. T6e .ond stones s6all .e 9rovided at t6e rate of t6e t4o .ond stones 9er sDuare +etre 1(-

+.'.1.(.

!a1i0g .

of face area. +.'.1.+. Ra:i0g out Doi0ts. (.2.1.(.1. All t6e Coints on t6e faces to .e 9ointed or 9lastered s6all .e rac*ed out 4it6 a ra*ing tool to a de9t6 of 2/ ++. 46ile t6e +ortar is still green. <a= <.= T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured .0 volu+e and t6e unit s6all .e Cu.ic +etres. T6e 4or* curved on 9lan to +ean radius not exceeding ( +. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 inclusive of all cuttings 4aste and te+9lates. ?alling curved on 9lan to +ean radius exceeding ( +. s6all .e included 4it6 t6e general 4alling and s6all .e +easured net onl0. No deductions or additions on an0 account s6all .e +ade forEO9enings u9to 5// sD.c+. in cross section <In calculating t6is area t6e siBe of t6e o9enings include an0 se9arate lintel or still .ut not t6e extra 4idt6 of re.ated reveals if an0=. Ends of dissi+ilar +aterials <i.e. Aoists@ .ea+s@ rafters@ girders@ 9urlins@ trusses etc.= u9to 5// sD. c+. in cross section. earings of c6aCCas@ sla.s@ ste9s@ s6elves etc. 46en t6e .earings are not 9aid for in t6e res9ective ite+s.

+.'.1.,.

2easure/e0t.

<c= <i=

<ii=

<iii=

+.'.1.-.

2ortar Sca44ol3i0gB Protectio0B Curi0g Etc.

(.2.1.,.1. %ortar@ 'caffolding@ 3rotection@ Curing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.1 $eneral s9ecifications for stone %asonr0.

1(5

1+6

+.'.$. Ra03o/ Ru==le Faci0g ("ecorati8e Aor:) 2aso0r1 +.'.$.1. Scope. (.2.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterial@ la0ing and %ode of +easure+ent of &ando+ &u..le >acing %asonr0. (.2.2.2.1. 'toneE 'tones for &ando+ &u..le facing %asonr0 s6all .e fairl0 large and eDual siBe@ good .ed and unifor+ in colour and s6all in all ot6er res9ects confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.2. for uilding stones. <a= <i= #ressingE'tones s6all .e roug6 tooled on all .eds and Coints true and sDuare 4it6 t6e face at least for a distance of 5 c+. fro+ t6e face. T6e face of stones s6all .e 6a++er dressed unless ot6er4ise s9ecified .ut no roug6 tooling s6all .e reDuired to .e done on t6e edges as s9ecified in clause No. 5.2.2. of '9ecification for dressing of Natural uilding stones <'ee C6a9ter5- Ex9lanator0 Notes= 'iBeE- T6e stones s6all .e fairl0 eDual in siBe. ond stones@ 6eaders@ Ca+.s@ Duoins s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n in s9ecification No. (.2.1. s9ecification for &ando+ ru..le %asonr0.

+.'.$.$.

2aterials.

<ii=

<.=

+.'.$.%.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts.

(.2.2.-.1. T6e Coints s6all not exceed 1/ ++ in t6ic*ness. No 9inning of Coints s6all .e 9er+itted@ t6at is@ c6i9s of stones or s9alls s6all not .e allo4ed to 4edge .ut if reDuired necessar0 dressing at t6e Coints s6all .e ado9ted. (.2.2.2.1. t6e +asonr0 in t6e facing and .ac*ing s6all .e carried u9 si+ultaneousl0 and in all ot6er res9ects s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions under s9ecification No. (.2.1. s9ecification for &ando+ &u..le %asonr0. (.2.2.5.1. 1earting@ Interior face and %easure+ent s6all .e in accordance 4it6 9rovisions 1+1

+.'.$.'.

!a1i0g.

+.'.$.(.

&earti0gB I0terior Face

a03 2easure/e0t. +.'.$.+. Courses.

laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.-.1. s9ecification for coursed &u..le facing +asonr0 >irst sort. (.2.2.(.1. T6e courses s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.2.1. for &ando+ &u..le %asonr0. (.2.2.).1. %ortar@ 'caffolding@ 3rotection@ curing etc. s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecification No. (.1. $eneral s9ecification for stone +asonr0.

+.'.$.,.

2ortar.

1+$

+.(. STONE PI!!AR 2ASONR* +.(.1 Scope. (.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers 9illars done in As6lar@ coursed and &ando+ &u..le +asonr0 and la0s do4n reDuire+ent for t6e 9illar siBe@ stones including .ond stones and t6e +ode of +easure+ent of 9illar %asonr0. 3illarE- Also *no4n as colu+n is an isolated vertical load .earing +e+.er one of 46ose 6oriBontal surface di+ensions <t6e .igger one= is not +ore t6an - ti+es t6e ot6er one. t6e .igger di+ension not exceeding 5/ c+s. in an0 case. 'toneE- All t6e reDuire+ents exce9t siBe for stone for t6e t09es of 9illar +asonr0 s6all .e sa+e as s9ecified in t6e res9ective t09e of stone +asonr0. 'iBeEAs6lar 3illar %asonr0E- "engt6 s6all not .e less t6an t4o ti+es and .readt6 not less t6an t6e 6eig6t of course <contrast 4it6 As6lar %asonr0 46ere .readt6 of stone s6all not .e less t6an t6e 6eig6t .ut not less t6an -/ c+s. in an0 case=@ unless t6e di+ensions of t6e 9illar are less t6an t6e siBe of stone as reDuired a.ove or 46en ot6er4ise a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. "engt6 and .readt6 46en +odified s6all not reduce t6e +ini+u+ area reDuired a.ove .0 +ore t6an 2/J and t6e lengt6 .0 --J and .readt6 .0 2/J. <'ee #rg. No. (.5-1= Coursed 9illar %asonr0E- T6e corner stones s6all 6ave lengt6 not less t6an 1M ti+es and .readt6 not less t6an t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. T6e ot6er stones s6all 6ave lengt6 and .readt6 not less t6an t6e 6eig6t of t6e course. &ando+ &u..le %asonr0E- T6e corner stones s6all 6ave lengt6 not less t6an 25 c+. for 9illars 2/ c+. and less t6an 2/ c+. sides and -/ c+. for 9illars exceeding 2/ c+. sides. readt6 and 6eig6t not less t6an 15 c+s. T6e ot6er 1+%

+.(.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

(.5.2.1.

+.(.%.

2aterials.

(.5.-.1.

<a= <i=

<ii=

<iii=

stones s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+. in an0 direction. (.5.-.2. 'tone ond 'tonesEAll t6e reDuire+ents exce9t siBe s6all .e sa+e as for ot6er stones reDuired in 3illar. T6e stones for As6lar and coursed +asonr0 9illars not to .e 9lastered s6all .e fro+ t6e sa+e Duarr0 so as to +atc6 in colour and texture. <a= 1eig6tE- T6e 6eig6t of t6e stone s6all .e eDual to t6e 6eig6t of courses of t6e +asonr0 for As6lar and coursed 9illar +asonr0 an0 15 c+. for &ando+ &u..le 3illar +asonr0. "engt6 and readt6E- >or 9illars 6aving a cross sectional area 25// sD.c+. and .elo4@ t6e .ond stone s6all .e a single full .ond stone and for 9illars exceeding 25// sD.c+. eit6er it s6all .e a single full .ond stone or it s6all .e +ade u9 of four stones 9rovided in t4o courses@ crossing t6e Coint at rig6t angles as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. '9acingE- T6e full .ond stones s6all .e 9rovided one at t6e otto+ ot6er at t6e to9 and re+aining in .et4een t6e+ at courses not exceeding 1 +etre a9art centre to centre. #ressing of full ond 'toneEAs6lar and coursed %asonr0E- T6e dressing s6all .e sa+e as for t6e ot6er stones of t6e 9illar +asonr0 exce9t t6at in case of coursed +asonr0@ t6e full surface of t6e .ed s6all .e dressed. &ando+ &u..le %asonr0E- T6e stone s6all .e 6a++er dressed on t6e face@ .eds and Coints and +ade into a sDuared .loc*. 3lain Ce+ent Concrete ond 'toneE3lain Ce+ent concrete s6all .e of grade % 15/. T6e t6ic*ness and s9acing s6all .e as s9ecified for stone ond 'tones and s6all .e laid on t6e full section of 9illar in one 9iece. >or As6lar and coursed %asonr0 9illars

<.=

<c=

<d= <i=

<ii=

(.5.-.-.

+.(.'.

(.5.2.

1+'

not to .e 9lastered t6e .ond stones s6all onl0 .e stone .ond stones. +.(.(. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. (.5.5.1. T6e As6lar 9illar +asonr0 s6all .e include 4it6@ t6e res9ective t09e of As6lar %asonr0. T6e .ond stones s6all .e included in a.ove +easure+ents and s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0 and no ot6er allo4ance for +a*ing a 9illar 4ill .e 9aid. Coursed 3illar %asonr0 s6all .e +easured as &ando+ &u..le 9illar +asonr0 for t6e full cross section of t6e 9illar and coursed stone facing +asonr0 +easured on all t6e face of t6e 9illar <T6e additional 4or* of dressing and 4astage accounted for= and in addition to t6at an extra as given under coursed &u..le facing +asonr0. &ando+ &u..le 9illar +asonr0 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ t6e &ando+ &u..le %asonr0. "a0ing@ %ortar@ 'caffolding@ 3rotection@ Curing@ 4as6ing etc. s6all .e done as s9ecified for t6e res9ective t09e of stone +asonr0.

(.5.2.2.

(.5.5.-.

+.(.+.

!a1i0gB 2ortar (.5.(.1. Sca44ol3i0gB Protectio0B Curi0gB Aashi0g etc.

1+(

1++

+.+. "R* STONE 2ASONR* +.+.1. "r1 Course3 Ru==le Faci0g Retai0i0g Aall 2aso0r1 +.+.1.1. #e0eral. (.(.1.1.1. 'i+ilar in all res9ects to t6e s9ecification No. (.-.2. s9ecification for #r0 &ando+ &u..le &etaining 4all +asonr0 exce9t for t6e front face 46ic6 s6all .e done in accordance 4it6 t6e s9ecification for Coursed &u..le >acing %asonr0 'econd 'ort .ut 4it6out +ortar. (.(.1.2.1. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured as #r0 &ando+ &u..le &etaining ?all +asonr0 for t6e >ull Cross section of t6e 4alling and #r0 coursed &u..le &etaining 4all +asonr0 +easured in sDuare +etres onl0 over t6e face of t6e 4all <t6e additional 4or* of dressing and 4astage accounted for= and if necessar0 in addition to t6at an extra as given under t6e s9ecification for C.&. facing first 'ort %asonr0.

+.+.1.$.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1+,

+.+.$. "r1 Ra03o/ Ru==le Retai0i0g Aall 2aso0r1 +.+.$.1. Scope. (.(.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for stone Coint@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of #r0 &ando+ &u..le &etaining 4all %asonr0. <a= 'toneE- T6e stone s6all confor+ in all res9ect exce9t siBe to t6e s9ecification No. 2.2. T6e 'tone s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+s. in an0 direction exce9t t6e 9ac*ing stones. t6e face stone8s average .readt6 s6all not .e less t6an t6e 6eig6t and average lengt6 not less t6an 1M ti+es t6e 6eig6t for stones u9to 2/ c+. 6eig6t and not less t6an 1-1N-rd t6e 6eig6t or -/ c+. 46ic6 ever is +ore@ for 'tone exceeding 2/ c+s. in 6eig6t. ond 'tonesE- T6e .ond stones s6all .e at least ,/ c+s. long and not less t6an -/ c+. in cross section at an0 9oint. T6e .ond stones s6all .e 9rovided T 2 9er +2 of front face area. T6e stone s6all .e *noc*ed off so as to o.tain as large .edding surface as 9ossi.le.

+.+.$.$.

2aterials.

<.=

<c=

+.+.$.%.

Thic:0ess.

(.(.2.-.1. T6e t6ic*ness of Coint of t6e front and rear face s6all not .e +ore t6an -/ ++. at an0 9oint. (.(.2.2.1. T6e stones in t6e foundations s6all .e t6e largest availa.le@ s6all .e laid close to eac6 ot6er and 9ac*ed in .0 6and@ t6e .ed of stones s6all .e at rig6t angles to t6e face .atter and not 6oriBontal. T6e front and .ac* face stones s6all .e laid as for as 9ossi.le alternatel0 as 6eaders and stretc6ers. T6e stones in t6e 6earting s6all .e laid interloc*ing eac6 ot6er. T6e stones s6all .rea* Coint 4it6 t6e stones .elo4. T6e .ond stones s6all .e laid in a line fro+ front face to .ac* over la99ing eac6 ot6er .0 at least 2/ c+.

+.+.$.'.

!a1i0g

+.+.$.(.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

(.(.2.5.1. T6e +asonr0 s6all .e +easured .0 volu+e and t6e unit s6all .e cu.ic +etres.

1+-

AN E)P!ANATOR* NOTE FOR "R* R BB!E RETAININ# AA!!S A.1. #e0eral A-1.1. T6e #r0 &u..le retaining 4alls are +uc6 c6ea9er t6an t6e +ortar .ound retaining 4alls. $reat care is reDuired in t6e selection and la0ing of stone as t6e sta.ilit0 of t6e 4all de9ends u9on t6e 9ro9er .edding@ interloc*ing@ .onding and 9ac*ing of stones as 4it6out t6e +ortar t6e stones 6ave a tendanc0 to sli9 do4n. T6e foundations s6all .e ta*en to a de9t6 of /.2 to /., +. .elo4 t6e 6ill slo9e at t6e outside de9ending u9on strata encountered. In roc*s /.2 +. 4ill generall0 .e found satisfactor0. T6e de9t6 to .e 9rovided in a 9articular strata s6all .e as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e .ed of t6e foundation s6all .e at rig6t angles to t6e face .atter as s9ecified .elo4 and not 6oriBontal. T6e stone in t6e foundation s6all .e as large as 9ossi.le so as to 6ave t6e +axi+u+ 9ossi.le contact 4it6 t6e .ed of foundation .elo4 and t6us to o.tain unifor+ distri.ution of load and .etter 9revention of sliding. A.%. "esig0 o4 Aall. A--.1. T6e design of dr0 retaining 4alls s6all .e sa+e as for ot6er +ortar .ound retaining 4alls s6all 4it6 t6e difference t6at as t6e densit0 of dr0 +asonr0 and t6ere is t6e conseDuent increase in t6e section. T6e follo4ing section 4ould .e found suita.le under nor+al conditions 4it6 a filling 4eig6ing not +ore t6an 1(// *gN+- and 6aving an angle of re9ose not less t6an -// and 4it6 t6e to9 of t6e filling 6oriBontal 4it6out an0 surc6arge and t6e 4all is to 6ave a section of atleast (/ c+. 4idt6 at to9 to .e vertical at t6e .ac* and 4it6 a front .atter of 1 in 2 46en t6e 6eig6t does not exceed 5 +etres. A.'. Pa0els. A-2.1 T6e long and 6ig6 retaining 4alls s6ould

A.$.

Fou03atio0s.

A-2.1.

1+5

.e constructed in 9anels. "engt6 4ise t6e dr0 9anels s6all .e se9arated fro+ eac6 ot6er .0 constructing s6ort lengt6s of 4alls a.out 1 to 2 +etres lengt6 in +ortar at s9acing of 1 to 1/ +itres centre to centre and 6eig6t 4ise t6e 9anels s6all .e se9arated fro+ eac6 ot6er .0 s6ort 6eig6ts of 4alls a.out /.5 +. at s9acing of a.out - +etres. A.(. Filli0g =ehi03 Aalls. A-5.1. T6e filling i++ediatel0 .e6ind t6e retaining 4all to consist as for as 9ossi.le of stone 4aste s9a4l and c6i9s. Eart6 s6ould not .e used for t6is 9ur9ose@ if it can .e avoided.

1,6

+., ARC& AN" "O2E 2ASONR* +.,.1. Ashlar arch a03 "o/e 2aso0r1. +.,.1.1. Scope. (.).1.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ Coints@ .ond@ centering@ la0ing@ re+oval of centering and +ode of +easure+ent of As6lar Arc6 and #o+e %asonr0. (.).1.2.1. >or t6e 9ur9ose of t6is s9ecification t6e follo4ing definitions s6all a99l0. <a= T6ic*ness of Arc6E- T6e di+ension of t6e arc6 in t6e radial direction is *no4n as t6e t6ic*ness of arc6. #e9t6 of Arc6 E- T6e di+ension of t6e arc6 9arallel to t6e axis of t6e arc6 is *no4n as t6e de9t6 of t6e arc6. 1oriBontal CointsE- T6e Coints running 9arallel to t6e axis of arc6 are 1oriBontal Coints. IntradosE- T6e inner ex9osed curved surface is *no4n as intrados. >aceE- T6e surface as seen in t6e elevation is *no4n as face. T6e stone s6all confor+ in all res9ects exce9t siBe to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n under s9ecification for GAs6lar fine %asonr0G. #ressingET6e stones s6all .e Gfind tooledG or Groug6 tooledG or G9itc6ed facedG dressed as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities on all .eds@ Coints@ and faces to t6e reDuired 4edge s6a9e. T6e face of stones s6all .e .roug6t to unifor+ curved surface and t6e .eds and Coints to unifor+ 9lain surface so as to give truel0 radial .eds and Coints. Ar all 6oriBontal Coints t6e intrados to 6ave a 2/ ++. c6a+96er. 'iBe of 'tonesET6e stones s6all not .e less t6an 25 c+. on t6eir least di+ension for As6lar fine arc6 and not less t6an 2/ c+. for roug6 tooled and 9itc6ed faced dressed arc6es. T6e stones for arc6es u9to (/ c+. in de9t6 <see ter+inolog0= s6all .e of t6e 1,1

+.,.1.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

<.=

<c=

<d= <e= +.,.1.%. 2aterials.

(.).1.-.1. 'toneE<a=

<.= <i=

<ii=

<iii= <c= <i=

<ii=

full t6ic*ness of t6e arc6 ring. >or arc6es a.ove (/ c+. and u9to 5/ c+. in de9t6 in stones s6all .e laid in alternate courses of 6eaders and stretc6ers. All t6e 6eaders .eing of t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e ring and not +ore t6an t4o stretc6ers going to +a*e u9 t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e ring. >or arc6es over 5/ c+. in de9t6 t6e Duoins and *e0 stones alone needs .e of t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e ring. T6e stones 46en laid dou.le as a.ove to for+ t6e ring s6all .e laid in suc6 .ond as s6o4n in t6e dra4ing or as directed .0 t6e Engineer. +.,.1.'. +.,.1.(. Brea: o4 Doi0t. Ce0teri0g. (.).1.2.1. T6e .rea* of Coint s6all not .e less t6an 2/ c+. in an0 case. (.).1.5.1. T6e centering erected s6all .e so designed and s6all 6ave suc6 a 9rofile t6at 4it6 t6e full load of t6e 4or* on in t6e correct curvature and fro+ of t6e arc6 or do+e indicated in t6e dra4ings are o.tained@ t6e to9 surface of t6e centering s6all .e s+oot6 and to t6e correct curvature and s6all .e covered 4it6 close 9lan*ing. Concave te+9lates s6all .e 9rovided .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense for c6ec*ing t6e curvature. T6e courses of stones s6all .e +ar*ed out on t6e surface of t6e centering. T6e centering s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore start of 4or* .ut t6is a99roval s6all not relieve t6e contractor of 6is ris* and res9onsi.ilit0 under t6e Contract. (.).1.5.2. #uring t6e 9rogress of t6e 4or* care s6all .e ta*en to distri.ute t6e load on centers in order to o.tain a true curve at t6e co+9letion of t6e 4or*. (.).1.5.-. In an0 structure of +ore t6an t6ree s9ans t6ere s6all al4a0s .e sufficient sets of centers to allo4 t6e nu+.er of arc6es s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer in an0 case not less t6an 2 s9ans@ .eing co+9letel0 centered at one ti+e@ ?6ere t6ere are t6ree s9ans s6all .e co+9letel0 centered .efore t6e .uilding of an0 of t6e arc6es is co++enced and t6e .uilding of t6e several arc6es s6all .e si+ultaneousl0 executed as directed. (.).1.5.2. All centering for t6e s*e4 arc6es s6all

1,$

.e constructed and set on t6e sDuare. (.).1.5.5. T6e Centering s6all .e 4edged in 9osition so t6at it can .e 8eased8 as soon as t6e arc6 6as .een turned and t6e 6aunc6es filled in. +.,.1.+. !a1i0g. (.).1.(.1. T6e centers s6ould not .e struc* .efore one 4ee* after t6e co+9letion of t6e arc6 and onl0 after o.taining t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer. Care .eing ta*en t6at t6e adCacent 4all 6as .een .uild u9to t4o t6irds of t6e 6eig6t of t6e arc6 and 6aunc6es filled to t6e sa+e 6eig6t. (.).1.).2. After co+9letion of an0 9ortion of +asonr0 arc6 .ridge t6e follo4ing +ini+u+ 9eriods s6all .e allo4ed to ela9se .efore loads s9ecified .elo4 +a0 .e i+9osed. Class of Ce+ent +orter <1= <2= Ordinar0 ce+ent +ortar or concrete. &a9id 6ardening ce+ent +ortar of concrete. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. 5/J of designed load. ) da0s 5 da0s )5J of designed load. 12 da0s. 1/ da0s. >ull0 designed load. 2, da0s. 2, da0s.

+.,.1.-.

<i=

T6e arc6es s6all .e +easured net and given in cu.ic +etres. >or +easure+ent +ulti9l0 t6e average of t6e lengt6 of extrados and intrados .0 t6e full de9t6 of t6e arc6 and .0 t6e average t6ic*ness of arc6 ring. >acing to arc6es if different fro+ general 4or* it s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and ex9ressed in sD. +etres. All 4or*s u9to ( +. centering s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in sD. +eters of t6e contact area.

<ii=

<iii=

+.,.1.5.

2ortarB Curi0gB (.).1.5.1. 'a+e as for As6lar fine +asonr0. Protectio0 Aashi0g etc..

1,%

+.,.$. Ru==le Arch 2aso0r1. +.,.$.1. Scope. (.).2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ Coints@ .ond@ centering@ la0ing@ re+oval or centering and +ode of +easure+ent of &u..le Arc6 %ansoar0. (.).2.2.1. 'tonesE<a= T6e stones s6all .e flat .edded and in all ot6er res9ects exce9t siBe s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ent laid do4n for Coursed &u..le facing first sort %asonr0. 'iBeEArc6 stones s6all not .e less t6an , c+s. on its least di+ension and s6all .e long enoug6 to .rea* Coints .0 at least 15 c+. >or arc6 rings 2/ c+s. in t6ic*ness and under all stones s6all .e of t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e arc6 ring. >or arc6 rings a.ove 2/ c+s t6e stones s6all .e laid in alternate courses of 6eaders and stretc6ers. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified not +ore t6an t4o stones going to +a*e u9 t6e t6ic*ness of t6e arc6 rings. T6e Duoins and *e0 stones s6all 6o4ever in all cases extend rig6t t6roug6 fro+ intrados to extrados and t6eir di+ensions 9arallel to t6e axis of t6e arc6 s6all not .e less t6an 2/ c+s. #ressingEEac6 stone s6all .e 6a++er dressed on t6e intrados and Coints@ .ut no roug6 tooling s6all .e reDuired to .e done on t6e edges of faces as reDuired in t6e s9ecification for dressing <see c6a9ter-5Ex9lanatar0 Notes. T6e Duoins <face stones= s6all .e dressed as &oc* faced and c6isel drafted on t6e faces and intrados and roug6 tooled on .eds and Coints to t6e 9ro9er 4edge s6a9e. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e Coint at t6e soffit 1,'

+.,.$.$.

2aterials.

<.= <i=

<ii=

<c= <i=

<ii=

+.,.$.%.

Thic:0ess o4

<i=

Doi0t a03 Brea: o4 Doi0t. +.,.$.'.

s6all not exceed 1/ ++. T6e stones s6all .rea* Coints .0 at least 15 c+.

2ortarB (.).2.2.1. As regards %ortar@ Centering@ "a0ing@ Ce0teri0gB &e+oval of centering@ curing@ 3rotection !a1i0gB Re/o8al etc. it s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents o4 Ce0teri0gB laid do4n for As6lar Arc6 %asonr0. Curi0gB Protectio0 etc. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. (.).2.5.1. 'a+e as 9er As6lar Arc6 %asoni0.

+.,.$.(.

1,(

+.-. +.,.$.1. Scope.

BRIC9 AOR9 T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ .ond@ Coints@ la0ing@ curing and +ode of +easure+ents of ric* ?or*. It does not cover ric* 4or* for Arc6es and ot6er si+ilar 4or*. &evealsE- T6e 9ortion of t6e Aa+. ex9osed .e0ond t6e fra+es is *no4n as reveal. Tile ric*E- T6e .ric* of t6e no+inal siBe 2/x1/x5 c+. or t6e actual siBe 15x5x2 c+. are *no4n as Tile ric*s. >rogE- T6e de9ression +ade in t6e large side of .ric*s in order to for+ a *e0 for t6e +ortar at t6e Coints. No+inal siBeE- T6e siBe used in na+e onl0 suc6 as t6e 9resent siBe *no4n as 5Gx2MGx-G t6oug6 t6e actual di+ensions are ,N)N,x2MGx2KG t6oug6 t6e actual di+ensions are ,N)N,x2MGx2K. ric*sE- T6e .ric*s s6all .e of t6e t09e and class as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. It s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. 2.-. for G uilding ric*sG. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified or a99roved .0 t6e Engineer t6e t6ic*ness of t6e Coints s6all .e 1/ ++. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified or a99roved .0 t6e Engineer t6e ric* 4or* s6all .e carried out in Englis6 ond. Englis6 ond consists of alternate courses of 6eaders and stretc6ers. T6e vertical Coints in alternate courses s6all fall directl0 over one anot6er. All ric*s .efore .eing used s6all .e soa*ed in clean 4ater for a 9eriod of at least 2 6ours i++ediatel0 .efore use exce9t in 4or* 46ere +ud +ortar is used. ?6en .ric*s are soa*ed t6e0 s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e tan* sufficientl0 earl0 so t6at at t6e ti+e of la0ing t6e0 are s*in dr0.

(.,.1.1.

+.-.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

<i=

<ii=

<iii=

<iv=

+.-.%.

2aterials.

(.,.-.1.

+.-.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts. Bo03.

(.,.2.1.

+.-.(.

(.,.5.1.

+.-.+.

Soa:i0g Bric:s.

(.,.(.1.

(.,.(.2.

1,+

+.-.,.

!a1i0g.

(.,.).1.

All t6e .ric*s s6all .e laid in 6oriBontal courses 4it6 Coints full in +ortar and s6all .e truel0 9lu+. unless ot6er4ise reDuired. ric*s s6all .e laid 4it6 frogs u94ards. No da+aged or .ro*en .ric* s6all .e used in an0 9art of t6e 4or* exce9t suc6 as cut to siBe .ric*s for closing a course 46ic6 4ill .e 9rovided in t6e 6eading courses next to t6e corner .ric*. >or t6e 6eig6t of 4or* in a single da0 11N-rd ti+es for stone +asonr0. T6e 4alls s6all .e truel0 sDuare or curved as 9er dra4ings. In case 46ere no 9ointing or 9lastering is reDuired t6e green +ortar s6all .e nearl0 struc* flus6. ?6ere t6e 9ointing and 9lastering is reDuired t6e Coints s6ould .e ra*ed out to a de9t6 of 1/ ++ and 2/ ++ res9ectivel0 46ile t6e +ortar is still green. T6e 4or* s6all .e *e9t continuousl0 4et for atleast seven da0s exce9t in case of .ric* 4or* in +ud +ortar. T6e 9eriod of seven da0s s6all co++ence fro+ 22 6ours after t6e course is laid. ?6en .ric* 4or* is 1one0 co+. is s9ecified it s6all .e of s9ecified t6ic*ness and design. T6e .earing s6all not .e less t6an 2 c+. in an0 case. T6e +ortar in t6e Coint s6all .e struc* flus6 as t6e 4or* 9roceeds. ric* 4or* of one .ric* t6ic*ness or +ore@ generall0 s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etre. ?alls of 6alf .ric* t6ic*ness and less s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres stating t6e no+inal t6ic*ness. NoteEF T6ic*ness of t6e 4alling s6all .e +easured as follo4sE-

+.-.-.

Stri:i0g Doi0ts.

(.,.,.1.

+.-.5.

Curi0g.

(.,.5.1.

+.-.16.

&o0e1 co/= Bric: Aor:

(.,.1/.1.

+.-.11.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.=

<a=

ric* 4alls u9to and including t6ree .ric*s in t6ic*ness s6all +easured in +ulti9les of 6alf .ric* t6ic*ness 46ic6 s6all .e dee+ed to .e inclusive of t6e +ortar Coints. ?6ere fraction of 6alf >or fractions of 2 c+. and under actual +easure+ent.

<i=

1,,

<ii= <.=

>or fractions exceeding 2 c+. full 6alf .ric* <1/ c+.= >or 4alling 46ic6 is +ore t6an t6ree .ric* in t6ic*ness t6e actual t6ic*ness of 4all s6all .e +easured to t6e nearest one c+. ric* 4or* circular in 9lan to a +ean radius not exceeding ( +. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and s6all include all cutting and 4aste. .ric* 4or* curved on 9lan to a +ean radius exceeding ( +. s6all .e included 4it6 t6e general .ric* 4or* and +easured net. 1one0 co+. .ric* 4or* 4alling s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres stating t6e t6ic*ness of 4all and 9attern of 6one0 co+.ing. T6e 6one0 co+. o9enings s6all not .e deducted. 3illars ot6er t6an rectangular and sDuare s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and grou9ed as follo4sE3ol0gonal and circular 9illars@ to .e +easured net onl0 and s6all .e inclusive of cutting and 4astage. >ire 9laces@ c6i+ne0s etc.E- ric* 4or* in c6i+ne0 .reasts@ c6i+ne0 stac*s@ s+o*e or air flues not exceeding /.25 sD.+. in sectional area s6all .e +easured as solid and no extra +easure+ent s6all .e +ade for 9argetting and coring suc6 flues. ?6ere flues exceed /.25 sD.N+. in sectional area deduction s6all .e +ade for t6e sa+e and 9argetting and coring flues given in sDuare +etres. A9ertures for fire 9laces s6all not .e deducted and extra la.our s6all not .e +easured for s9la0ing of Ca+.s and t6roating.

<c=

<d=

<e=

<i=

<f=

<g=

ric* 4or* in inde9endent c6i+ne0 s6aftsEric* 4or* in inde9endent c6i+ne0 s6afts <as foar large stea+ .oilders= s6all .e +easured net and *e9t se9arate rate under t4o categories. 'Duare or rectangular on 9lan and@ Curved on 9lan to an0 radius t6e 6eig6t of t6e c6i+ne0 fro+ t6e ground level

<i= <ii=

1,-

s6all .e stated. <6= <i= No deductions or additions s6all .e +ade on an0 account for. Ends of dissi+ilar +aterials <i.e. Aoists@ .ea+s@ 9osts@ girders@ rafters@ 9urloins@ trusses u9to 5// sD.c+. in section and O9enings u9to 5// sD.c+. in section NoteE- In calculating t6is area t6e siBe of t6e o9ening includes an0 se9aratel0 lintel or sills .ut not t6e extra 4idt6 of re.ated reveals if an0. earings of c6aCCas@ sills@ s6elves and t6e li*e .ut t6e .earing s6all not .e +easured in t6e res9ective ite+s. Tile .ric* 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and t6e rules for +easuring ordinar0 .ric*s s6all .e follo4ed. T6e 9rotection and 4as6ing of ric* and .ric* 4or* not to .e 9lastered and +ortar 4or* etc. done in facing t09e .ric*@ s6all .e as 9er reDuire+ents laid do4n for stone +asonr0 under general s9ecifications for t6e sa+e.

<ii=

<iii=

<i=

+.-.1$.

Protectio0 (.,.12.1. Aashi0g 2ortar etc.

1,5

+.5. +.5.1. Scope.

BRIC9 ARC&ES T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ Coints@ rings@ .ond@ centering@ la0ing@ re+oval of centering and +ode of +easure+ent of ric* arc6es. &oug6 Arc6E- T6e arc6 +ade 4it6 t6e ordinar0 rectangular .ric*s 4it6out cutting t6e+ to t6e 4edge s6a9e is *no4n as roug6 Arc6. $auged Arc6E- T6e Arc6 +ade 4it6 t6e s9eciall0 +oulded or t6e ordinar0 .ric*s cut and ru..ed true to t6e 4edge s6a9e is *no4n as gauged Arc6. ric*E- T6e ric*s for t6e roug6 arc6es s6all .e t6e ordinar0 rectangular .ric*s. >or gauged arc6es t6e .ric*s s6all eit6er .e s9eciall0 +oulded or cut and ru..ed true to t6e 4edge s6a9e. T6e t09e and class of t6e .ric* s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.-. for uilding .ric*s. T6e t6ic*ness of Coints@ for roug6 arc6es s6all not .e +ore t6an 1/ ++ to4ards t6e intrados end and not +ore t6an 2/ ++ at t6e extrados end of t6e Coint in an0 ring. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ and not +ore t6an 1/ ++ in an0 case. Arc6es s6all .e turned in 6alf .ric* t6ic* concentric rings unless ot6er4ise s9ecified or a99roved. T6e ond s6all .e as 9er detailed dra4ing or as 9er instructions of t6e Engineer. All arc6es of 2 + s9an and a.ove s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 *e0s. >or s9ans 2+ and u9to 2 + t6ere s6all .e one *e0 at t6e cro4n and for s9ans exceeding 2 + additional *e0s s6all .e 9rovided so t6at t6e distance .et4een t6e *e0s is not 1-6

(.5.1.1.

+.5.$.

Ter/i0olog1.

(.5.2.1.

(.5.2.2.

+.5.%.

2aterials.

(.5.-.1.

+.5.'.

Thic:0ess o4 Doi0ts.

(.5.2.1.

(.5.2.2.

+.5.(.

Thic:0ess o4 Ri0g. Bo03.

(.5.5.1.

+.5.+.

(.5.(.1.

+.5.,.

9e1s.

(.5.).1.

+ore t6an 2+ along t6e intrados. T6e *e0s +a0 .e of stoneI concrete or .ric* 4or* in ce+ent. +.5.-. Ce0teri0g. (.5.,.1. T6e centering s6all .e of 4roug6t 4ood and +ade on 3illars .uilt u9 fro+ t6e ground or on an0 ot6er structure to .e a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. It s6all .e strong enoug6 to .ear t6e load of t6e +asonr0 and 4or*+an@ 4it6out undergoing an0 deflection. T6e to9 surface of t6e centering s6all .e s+oot6 and to t6e correct curvature and s6all .e covered 4it6 close .oarding or an0 ot6er +aterial to 9revent t6e +ortar running t6roug6 t6e Coints. Te+9lates s6all .e 9rovided .0 t6e Contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense for c6ec*ing t6e curvature. T6e courses of .ric* 4or* s6all .e +ar*ed out on t6e surface of centering. It s6ould .e c6ec*ed u9 .efore erection of centering t6at all t6e 9i9ers and a.ut+ents are at t6e sa+e level and t6eir axes are 9arallel@ also t6e vertical line 9assing t6roug6 t6e center of t6e s9an 9asses t6roug6 t6e +iddle of t6e *e0 .ric* or cro4n. T6e s*e4-.ac*s s6all .e for+ed of .ric*s correctl0 cut to radiate truel0 fro+ t6e centre of curvature and s6all not .e 9ac*ed 4it6 +ortar or c6i9s to effect t6is. All Arc6es s6all .e .uilt u9 evenl0 fro+ eit6er a.ut+ents and or 9iers or colu+ns. In all cases 46et6er in gauged arc6es or roug6 arc6es care +ust .e ta*en t6at t6e centre line of t6e .ric* face is radiall0 9laced. t6e Arc6 rings s6all in all cases .e .onded toget6er .0 s9ecial *e0s 46ic6 +a0 .e of stone@ concrete or .ric* 4or* in ce+ent. As soon as t6e arc6 is co+9leted t6e +asonr0 s6all .e .uilt u9 to t6e 6eig6t of t6e cro4n so as to load t6e 6aunc6es@ care .eing ta*en t6at t6e +asonr0 is carried u9 evenl0 on eit6er side. All t6e 1-1

(.5.,.2.

(.5.,.-.

(.5.,.2.

(.5.,.5.

+.5.5.

!a1i0g.

(.5.5.1.

(.5.5.2.

arc6 rings s6all .e true to t6e curvature and no da+aged or .ro*en .ric* s6all .e used in an0 9art of t6e 4or*. +.5.16. Easi0g a03 Re/o8al o4 Ce0teri0g. (.5.1/.1. T6e centering s6all .e eased t6e da0 after t6e arc6 +asonr0 6as .een co+9lete unless ot6er4ise ordered .0 t6e Engineer. T6e design of centering +ust 9er+it suc6 easing .eing effected. T6e centering s6ould not .e re+oved less t6an one 4ee* after t6e co+9letion of t6e arc6 and t6en too 4it6 t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer in-c6arge. +.5.11. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. (.5.11.1. ric* 4or* in arc6es s6all .e +easured net in cu.ic +etres t6e lengt6 .eing +easured on t6e centre line of t6e total arc6 ring. All 4or* u9to ( + s9ans s6all include centering and for s9ans exceeding ( + centering s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 <s9an refers to clear s9an=. &oug6 Arc6es and $uaged arc6es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 t6e t09e and class of .ric* and t09e of +ortar s9ecified. 'oa*ing .ric*s@ 'tri*ing Coints@ 3rotection@ 4as6ing@ %ortar etc. s6all .e as 9er reDuire+ents laid do4n for .ric* 4or* under s9ecification No. (.,.

(.5.11.2.

(.5.11.-.

+.5.1$.

Soa:i0g Bric:sB Stri:i0g Doi0tsB Protectio0B Aashi0gB 2ortar etc..

(.5.12.1.

1-$

+.16. CAEIT* AA!!S. +.16.1. Scope (.1/.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ construction and +ode or +easure+ent of cavit0 4alls. ric*sE- T6e .ric*s s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. 2.-. for ric*s. Air ric*sE- T6e air .ric*s s6all confor+ to s9ecification. %ortarsE- T6e +ortars s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and confor+ to t6e s9ecifications in c6a9ter--. ?all tiesE- T6e 4all ties s6all .e +ade of +ild steel flat or galvanis6ed iron 4ire. T6e %.'. flat s6all .e +ade fro+ structural steel of ordinar0 Dualit0. T6e $.I. 4ire s6all confor+ to I.'. 2,/ %.'. flat for ties s6all .e 2/x2x/.- C%. cut and .ent to s6a9e as given at <A=@ in #rg. No. (.1/.1. T6e $.I. 4ire tie s6all .e of No. 5 4ire and of t6e siBe and s6a9e as given at < = in #rg. No. (.1/-1.

+.16.$.

2aterials.

(.1/.2.1. (.1/.2.2. (.1/.2.-.

(.1/.2.2. <a= <.=

Ties s6all .e s9aced +axi+u+ at -/ c+. verticall0 staggered over 46ole of t6e 4all surface. +.16.%. Sectio0 o4 Ca8it1 (.1/.-.1. Aall. (.1/.-.2. Cavit0 s6all not .e less t6an 5 c+. and not +ore t6an ).5. c+. T6ic*ness of leavesE- T6e t6ic*ness of leaves <outer and inner= s6all .e as s9ecified .ut not less t6an 5 c+. <Nor+all0 1/ c+.= !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e inner : outer leaf 4alls s6all .e .roug6t u9 in Gclass I ric*s and t6e 4or* s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification for ric* 4or*. In case t6e leaves are constructed in an0 ot6er for+ of +asonr0 t6e sa+e s6all .e as 9er s9ecification under c6a9ter of 1-%

+.16.'.

Co0structio0.

(.1/.2.1.

(.1/.2.2.

G%asonr0G t6e t4o se9arate 4alls s6all eit6er .e constructed rig6t fro+ t6e to9 of t6e .ase concrete or fro+ 2/ to -/ c+. .elo4 t6e level of #.3.C. as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings in t6e first case t6e ga9 s6all .e filled 4it6 C.C. 1E-E( and to9 slo9ed to4ards outer 4alls. In t6e second case@ in .ase of t6e cavit0 a triangular fillet in ce+ent +ortar 1E2 of siBe 2 c+. t6ic* and eDual to t6e 4idt6 of cavit0@ s6all .e 9rovided. (.1/.2.-. ?ee9 6oles s6all .e 9rovided to drain off an0 4ater collected inside t6e cavit0. T6ese 6oles s6all .e in t6e vertical Coints and s9aced at - to 5 .ric*s or (/ to 1// c+. a9art. T6e 4all ties as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities s6all .e e+.edded 4it6 a slig6t fall to4ards t6e external leaf and s9aced as descri.ed a.ove. At all c6anges and else 46ere 46erever convenient .ric*s s6all .e left out at t6e .ase of t6e cavit0 and t6e dro99ed +ortar re+oved at t6e end of eac6 da0s 4or*. ?6en 4or* 6as risen a.ove t6e level at 1st ro4 of 4all ties@ .attens s6all .e 9laced across t6e ties for collecting +ortar dro99ing t6e .attens .eing raised as soon as t6e level of next ro4 of ties is reac6ed. T6e .atten s6all .e 25 ++. t6ic* and of a 4idt6 12 ++. less t6an t6e t6ic*ness of cavit0. An0 +ortar 46ic6 +a0 unavoida.le fall on t6e 4all ties s6all also .e re+oved dail0 and te+9orar0 o9enings s6all .e 9rovided to 9er+it t6e dail0 re+oval of +ortar dro99ings fro+ t6e .otto+ of t6e cavit0. Air .ric*s s6all .e 9rovided a.ove t6e ground floor level and .elo4 t6e eaves level of t6e roof to t6e extent of 5/ sD. c+. area of .ric*s to ever0 2/ sDuare +etre area of t6e 4all s9aced a99roxi+atel0 at 1 +etre a9art. T6e t4o leaves co+es in contact<1= at door@ 4indo4@ or an0 ot6er suc6 o9enings. T6e0 s6all .e se9arated .0 a da+9 9roof course as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all .e done according to t6e s9ecification No. 12.2 1-'

(.1/.2.2.

(.1/.2.5.

(.1/.2.(.

(.1/.2.).

+.16.(.

Treat/e0t >here the t>o lea8es co/e i0to co0tact.

(.1/.5.1.

for da+9 9roof courses. <2= At t6e 6ead of t6e cavit0 t6ere as 4ell #.3.C. s6all .e 9rovided as 9er s9ecifications. Cavit0 4alls s6all .e +easured net in cu.ic +etres excluding t6e volu+e occu9ied .0 t6e cavit0 and air .ric*s si+ilarl0 as for stone +asonr0 or .ric* 4or*. T6e for+ing of cavit0 s6all .e given in sDuare +etres stating t6e 4idt6 of cavit0 and s6all include 4all ties t6e +aterials of ties .eing stated. T6e +easure+ents for cavit0 s6all .e ta*en along t6e 9lane at t6e centre of t6e cavit0@ deduction .eing +ade for all o9enings and solid 9ortions of 4all. Extra la.our : 4astage of +aterial for closing of cavities at Ca+.s@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in running +eters. T6e ite+ s6all include use of course for *ee9ing t6e cavit0 clear and for+ing t6e reDuisite 4ee9 and vent 6oles. #a+9 9roof course s6all .e +easured and 9aid for se9aratel0.

+.16.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

<f=

1-(

+.16. CAEIT* AA!!S. +.11.1. Scope (.11.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of &einforce+ent ric* ?or*. ric*EF ric*s s6all .e Class I .ric*s 6aving co+9ressive strengt6 not less t6an 12/ *gNc+2 and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.- in all res9ects. %ortarE- Ce+ent %ortar of 9ro9ortion 1E2 or as s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities s6all .e used. Onl0 t6at +uc6 Duantit0 of 4ater s6all .e used in +ixing t6e +ortar@ 46ic6 is reDuired to give t6e necessar0 4or*a.ilit0 in Coints. In no case li+e +ortar s6all .e used. &einforce+entE- T6e reinforce+ent s6all .e of +ild steel .ars confor+ing to I.' 2-2. T6e steel s6all .e of tested Dualit0 and o.tained fro+ an a99roved +anufacturer. If t6e Engineer so desires a test certificate for eac6 .atc6 of steel o.tained at site of t6e 4or* s6all .e su.+itted to t6e Engineer. >or &. . 4or* in 4alling +ild steel flats or 6oo9 iron@ ex9anded +es6@ +ild steel .ars or fa.ric@ not exceeding , ++@ t6ic*ness or dia+eter s6all .e used as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. T6e steel .ars s6all .e cut to t6e reDuired siBes and .ent cold as 9er .ar .ending sc6edule. ars@ 46ic6 6ave .een .ent 4rongl0 s6all not .e straig6tened and used 4it6out t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer and 6eat s6all not .e used for .ending an0 reinforce+ent. 'a+e as s9ecified for &.C.C. under s9ecification No. 5.-. ric*s s6all .e laid as s6o4n on detailed dra4ings. T6e side Coints s6all not .e less t6an -./ c+s. t6ic* and t6e .ed Coints not less t6an 5 c+s. If t4o or +ore la0ers are laid t6e vertical lines s6all .rea* Coints as for as 9ossi.le. ric*s s6ould .e so arranged t6at t6ere is no 1-+

+.11.$.

2aterials.

(.11.2.1.

(.11.2.2.

(.11.2.-.

+.11.%.

Fa=ricatio0 o4 Rei04orce/e0t.

(.11.-.1.

+.11.'. +.11.(.

For/>or:. !a1i0g.

(.11.2.1. (.11.5.1.

Coint verticall0 a.ove t6e edge of su99orting 4all and 9arallel to it. T6e .ric*s near t6e edges s6ould .e 6alf on t6e 4all and 6alf 9roCecting out. %ild steel .ars s6all .e 9laced centrall0 in t6e Coints as 9er dra4ings. T6e terracing over &. . roofing in t6e Coints as 9er dra4ings. T6e terracing over &. . roofing s6all not .e co++enced .efore a fortnig6t of re+oval of for+s. In case of &. . ?alling t6e reinforce+ent s6all .e securel0 anc6ored at t6eir ends into 46ic6 t6e 9artitions .ond. T6e t6ic*ness of &. . ?alling s6all not .e less t6an 1/ c+s. +.11.+. Re/o8al o4 4or/>or:. Curi0g 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. (.11.(.1. >or+ 4or* s6all .e re+oved in accordance to t6e s9ecification laid for &.C.C. Curing s6all .e done for at least seven da0s as 9er s9ecification on &.C.C. &. . ?or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ general .ric* 4or* and s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres. No. deduction s6all .e allo4ed for t6e Coints or reinforce+ents. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified steel s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as s9ecified under &.C.C. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified centering s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

+.11.,. +.11.-.

(.11.).1. <i=

<ii=

<iii=

1-,

C&APTER - ,- AOO" AOR9.

,.1 AOO" AOR9 FOR "OORSB AIN"OAS AN" EENTI!ATORS. ,.1.1. Scope. ).1.1.1. T6is s9ecifications la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials and covers construction@ fixing@ finis6 and +ode of +easure+ent of 4ood 4or*@ for doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators. It does not cover 4ooden flus6 doors. Ti+.erE- T6e s9ecies and grade of ti+.er for use for t6e +anufacture of doors@ 4indo4s@ and ventilators etc. s6all .e one as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. >or t6e grade reDuire+ent it s6all confor+ to s9ecification. 3l0 4oodE- 3l04ood s6all confor+ to I.'. -/- s9ecification for 9l0 4ood for $eneral 9ur9oses and I.'. 1-2, for Veneered decorative 9l0 4ood. <see s9ecification No. 2.5A=. ?ood 9article oardE- ?ood 9article .oard s6all confor+ to I.'. -/,)-15(5 s9ecification for 9article .oard <+ediu+ densit0= for general 9ur9oses and I.'. -/5)-15(5 for veneered 9article .oards. I.'. 2-,/-15(- 9rovided +et6ods of tests for 4ood 9article .oards <&efer c6a9ter No. 1.2 of ex9lanator0 notes=. ).1.2.2. uilders 1ard ?areE- T6e various articles of .uilders 6ard4are s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.1-. for .uilders 6ard4are. ?ire gaugeE- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e 4ire-gauge s6all .e 1// $ siBe and s6all confor+ to t6e I.'. 15(,-15(/. '6eet $lass E - It s6all confor+ to t6e Indian standard No. 1)(1-15(/. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified - ++ t6ic* s6eet glass 4eig6ing ).5 7g.N+2@ s6all .e used. Ex9anded +etalE- T6e ex9anded +etal s6ould confor+ to I.'. 212-15(-. !nless

,.1.$.

2aterials.

).1.2.1.

).1.2.2.

).1.2.-.

).1.2.5.

).1.2.(.

).1.2.).

1--

ot6er4ise s9ecified <2/ ++x5/++= 4it6 strend of <-++x1.(++= and 4eig6ing T -.1() 7g. 9er +etre sDuare@ s6all .e used. ,.1.%. Si;e a03 T1pe o4 "oorsB Ai03o>s a03 Ee0tilators. ).1.-.1. T6e siBe of doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators s6all .e as 9er detailed dra4ings. Alternatel0 t6e Engineer +a0 s9ecif0 an0 of t6e siBes as 9er I.'. 1//for ado9tion. T6e finis6ed di+ensions of different co+9onents of doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators s6all .e as 9er dra4ings. Tolerances allo4ed for various co+9onents s6all .e as given in ta.le I. TA "E I #i+ension 3lus -5 ++ 1( ++ 1/ ++ ot6ers 1.5 1.5 1.5 -.// Tolerance %inus. /./ ++ /./ ++ /./ ++ /./ ++

).1.-.2.

,.1.'.

Co0structio0 a03 >or::a/ship.

).1.2.1.

$eneralE- All asse+.l0 of s6utters of doors 4indo4s@ ventilators and fra+es t6ereof s6all .e exactl0 at rig6t angles. In t6e case of fra+es@ t6e rig6t angles s6all .e c6ec*ed fro+ t6e inside surface of t6e res9ective +e+.ers. $luing and CointingE- T6e contact surface of tenons and +ortices s6all .e treated .efore 9utting toget6er 4it6 suita.le ad6esive li*e ani+al glue confor+ing to I.'. ,52-155)@ s0nt6etic resins confor+ to I.'. ,22-,2, suita.le for 9l04ood. Tongued and grooved Coints s6all also .e 9ro9erl0 glued toget6er 4it6 suita.le ad6esive. >ra+eE- 1eads and sills of all exterior door and 4indo4 fra+es and t6ose of interior door fra+es@ if reDuired .0 t6e Engineer s6all 6ave 6orns@ not less t6an

).1.2.2.

).1.2.-.

1-5

1/ c+. in lengt6. 1eads@ 9osts@ transo+es and +ullions of door and 4indo4 fra+es s6all .e +ade out of single 9iece of ti+er onl0. T6e 6eads and Ca+.s s6all .e struc* and fra+ed toget6er 4it6 +ortice and tenon Coints. Aa+.s s6all .e t6roug6 tenoned into t6e +ortice of t6e 6eads of full de9t6 of t6e +e+.er and s6all not .e less t6an 15 ++. t6ic*. Transo+es s6all .e t6roug6tenoned into Ca+. 9osts in t6e sa+e +anner. T6e tenons s6all .e closel0 fitting into t6e +ortices and 9inned 4it6 corrosion resisting star s6a9ed +etal 9ins not less t6an , ++. dia+eter or 4it6 4ood do4els not less t6an 1/ ++. dia+eter. T6e de9t6 of re.ate in fra+es for 6ousing t6e s6utter@ s6all in all cases .e 1- ++. and t6e re.ate in s6utter for closing in dou.le s6utter doors or 4indo4s s6all not .e less t6an 2/ ++. All door@ 4indo4 and ventilator fra+es s6all .e cla+9ed toget6er so as to .e sDuare and flat at t6e ti+e of deliver0. Eac6 asse+.led door fra+e 4it6out sills s6all .e fitted 4it6 te+9orar0 stretc6ers. Eac6 asse+.led door fra+e 4it6out sills s6all .e fitted 4it6 te+9orar0 stretc6ers. Eac6 asse+.led door fra+e s6all 6ave te+9orar0 diagonal .race fitted inside t6e re.ates. 1orns of fra+es and ot6er 9arts t6at go into and .utt against +asonr0 and 6ence are inaccessi.le for +aintenance s6all .e 9rotected against +oisture and deca0 4it6 a coating of coal tar or ot6er suita.le 9rotective +aterial. ).1.2.2. <a= '6uttersE'tiles@ &ails and 9anelE- 'tiles@ rails and solid 9anels in door : 4indo4 s6utters s6all .e of t6e sa+e s9ecies of ti+.er. 'tiles and end rails of s6utters s6all .e +ade out of one 9iece onl0. "oc*s and inter+ediate rails exceeding 2/ c+s. in 4idt6 +a0 .e +ade out of one or +ore 9ieces of ti+.er .ut t6e 4idt6 of eac6

156

9iece s6all not .e less t6an ).5 c+. ?6ere +ore t6an one 9iece of ti+.er is used@ t6e0 s6all .e Cointed 4it6 a continuous tongue and grooved Coint glued toget6er and reinforced 4it6 +etal do4els at regular intervals not exceeding 2/ ++. Aointed 9ieces of ti+.er s6all .elongs to t6e sa+e s9ecies. T6e glaBing .ars s6all .e su. tenoned to t6e +axi+u+ de9t6@ 46ic6 t6e siBe of +e+.er 4ould 9er+it or to a de9t6 of 25 ++. 46ic6 ever is less. T6e t6ic*ness of eac6 tenon s6all .e a99roxi+atel0 onet6ird of t6e finis6ed t6ic*ness of t6e +e+.er and t6e 4idt6 of eac6 tenon s6all not exceed five ti+es its t6ic*ness. <.= 3anellingE- 'olid 4ooden 9anels s6all .e +ade out of one or +ore 9iece of ti+.er of not less t6an 12.5 c+. in 4idt6. In order to avoid 4ar9ing@ s9litting@ crac*ing nor+all0 9ieces not exceeding 2/ c+. 4idt6 s6ould .e used. ?6en +ade fro+ +ore t6an one 9iece@ t6e 9ieces s6all .e Cointed 4it6 a continue tongued and grooved Coint glued toget6er and reinforced 4it6 +etal do4els. T6e grains of t6e solid 9anel s6all run along t6e longer di+ension of t6e 9anel. O9enings for glaBing s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 +itred glaBing .eads loosel0 fixed in 9osition. T6e 9anels s6all .e so designed suc6 t6at no single ti+.er or 9l04ood 9anel exceed /.5 sD. +. in area. $laBingE- T6e 4idt6 of 9anel of glass s6all .e as s9ecified. T6e glass s6all .e e+.edded in 9utt0 and scre4ed to t6e re.ates .0 4ooden .eads of suita.le siBe and s6a9e <as 9er dra4ings=. >or external glaBed doors@ 4indo4s t6e .eading s6all .e fixed on t6e outside. <d= ErectionE- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6ree 6oldfasts confor+ing to s9ecification No. 12.5 s6all .e fixed on eac6 side of a door fra+e one at t6e centre 9oint and t6e ot6er t4o at -/ c+. fro+ t6e to9 and t6e .otto+ of t6e door

<c=

151

fra+es. >or 4indo4s@ a 9air on eac6 side s6all .e fixed at Duarter 9oints of t6e fra+es. t6e cost of t6e su99l0ing and fixing of t6ese 6oldfast s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0. Eac6 door s6utter s6all .e fixed to t6e fra+e 4it6 t6ree 6inges of t6e t09e s9ecified in t6e sc6edule. One at centre and t6e ot6er t4o at 22 c+. fro+ t6e to9 and t6e .otto+ of t6e s6utter. Eac6 4indo4 s6utter s6all .e fixed to its fra+e 4it6 t4o 6inges at Duarter 9oints. <c= <i= <ii= >ittingsE- >ittings are of t4o t09esEF Iron fittings. rass fittings. T6e t09e to .e 9rovided s6all .e as 9er s9ecification in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e Nos. and siBes of fittings to .e 9rovided is given in sc6edule of fittings attac6ed. T6e sa+9les s6all .e got a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ and s6all re+ain in 6is custod0 and all su.seDuent fitting s6all confor+ to t6ese sa+9les. All iron fittings s6all .e scre4ed do4n 4it6 iron scre4 and all .rass fittings@ 4it6 .rass scre4s of siBes as given in s9ecification No. 2.1-. for .uilders 6ard4are. All iron fittings <exce9t 6inges aldro9s= are to .e coated 4it6 lac* Aa9an unless ot6er4ise ordered@ no cast iron fittings of an0 sort s6all .e acce9ted. ,.1.(. ).1.5.1. >inis6F All doors@ 4indo4s and ventilat ors s6all .e finis6ed s+oot6 4it6 4ell 9lanet faces. 3l04ood 9anels s6all .e flat and 4ell sanded to s+oot6 and level surfaces. #efective *nots 46ere 9er+itted in surfaces ex9osed to vie4 s6all .e co+9letel0 .ored or cut out and tig6t 9luged 4it6 a cross grained 9lug <Eit6er rounded or dove-tailed= or si+ilar s9ecies of ti+.er and 9ro9erl0 glued in. T6e grain of t6e 9lug s6all run in t6e 15$

direction of t6e grain of t6e 9iece. All surfaces of doors@ 4indo4s and Ventilators fra+es and s6utters 46ic6 are reDuired to .e 9ainted ulti+atel0 s6all .e covered evenl0 .0 .rus6 9ainting 4it6 a 9ri+ing coat of 46ite lead .ased 9ri+er confor+ing to I.'. 1/-. In case of door to .e 9olis6ed or varnis6ed 9ri+ing coat of suita.le 9olis6 or varnis6 s6all .e given .efore deliver0. T6is s6all .e recorded se9aratel0. ,.1.+. ).1.(.1. ad ?or*EF T6e Engineer +a0 reCect an0 articles or as* for re9lace+ent t6ereof not co+9l0ing 4it6 t6e reDuire+ent s9ecified a.ove. T6e Engineer s6all if necessar0 get tests conducted to deter+ine t6e Dualit0 of +aterial@ construction and finis6. T6e door fra+es s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres se9aratel0 fro+ t6e s6utters. All 4or* s6all .e +easured net as fixed i.e. no extra +easure+ent s6all .e +ade for s6a9e@ Coints etc. exce9t in t6e follo4ing cases. T6e sectional area of +ouldings@ doors and 4indo4s c6o4*6ats@ etc. s6all .e t6e area of t6e least sDuare or rectangle fro+ 46ic6 t6e +oulding@ c6o4*6at etc. +a0 .e cut out. Circular or seg+ental 9ortions of doors and 4indo4s s6all .e +easured net and *e9t se9arate. No extra 4idt6 s6all .e recorded nor extra la.our .e 9aid for re.ated or s9la0ed +eeting stiles or doors and 4indo4s. "edged and attened or ledged@ raced and attened #oorsE- T6e t6ic*ness of t6e door s6all .e t6ic*ness at t6e .attens onl0 and not t6e co+.ined t6ic*ness of t6e .attens and t6e ledges. #oor and ?indo4 c6o4*6atsE- #oor and 4indo4 c6o4*6ats@ +ullions and 15%

,.1.,.

2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.=

<i=

<ii=

<c=

<d=

<e=

transo+es s6all .e given in cu.ic +etre and t6e lengt6 to tenons@ 6orns@ etc. s6all .e added to sig6t lengt6. <f= #oor and 4indo4 leavesE- #oor and 4indo4 leaves s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 stating t6e t6ic*ness as follo4s and s6all include t6e fittings as 9er sc6edule A or . All fittings ot6er t6an given in 'c6edule A or s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. "edged and .attened. "edged@ .raced and .attened. >ra+ed@ "edged@ .raced and .attened@ >ra+ed@ and full0 9anelled. >ra+ed and 9artl0 9anelled and 9artl0 glaBed giving 9ro9ortion of eac6. >ra+ed and 9artl0 9anelled and 9artl0 4ire-gauged giving 9ro9ortion of eac6. >ra+ed and full0 4ire-gauged. >ra+ed and louvred <4it6 9anels left out and s9ace filled 4it6 fixed louvres=. >ra+ed and louvered .ut +ovea.le louvres <as in Ail+ils and t6e li*e= including one vertical o9ening .ar 9er 9anels. $laBed Coiner0 4it6 di+inis6ed stiles. $laBed Coiner0 divided into 9anes ot6er t6an rectangular in s6a9e@ t6e arrange+ent of 9anes descri.ed.

<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= <vi= <vii= <viii= <ix=

<x= <xi=

15'

SC&E" !E (A) OF STEE! FITTIN#S FOR AOO"EN "OORSB AIN"OAS AN" EENTI!ATORS.
T09e of '6utters T6ic* ness of s6utters. utt steel 1inges for eac6 leaf T09e 'iBe Nos. ++. Nos.of sto99er t09e .utt 6inges 9er leaf. 1 1 1 1 1 #oor sliding .olt <Aldro9s= #ou.le "eaf 'ingle "eaf 'iBe ++. -// -// -// -// -// Nos. 1 1 1 1 1 'iBe. ++. 25/ 25/ 25/ 25/ 25/ Nos. 1 1 1 1 1 3ressed oval t09e #oor 1andles. #ou.le "eaf 'ingle "eaf 'iBe ++. 1// 1// 1// 1// 1// Nos. 'iBe ++. 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ Nos. 2 2 2 2 2 To4er olts. #ou.le "eaf. 'iBe Nos. ++. 2// 15/ 2// 15/ 2// 15/ 2// 15/ 2// 15/ 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 'ingle "eaf. 'iBe. ++. -// 15/ -// 15/ -// 15/ -// 15/ -// 15/ Nos. 1 1 1 1 1 ---------->an lig6t catc6 Nos. >an lig6t 3ivots. &E%A&7'

#oor.

25 -/ -5 2/ 5/ and a.ove.

%ediu+ 4eig6t do do 1eav0 4eig6t do

)5 1// 125 1// 1//

?indo4

25 -/ -5 2/ 5/ and a.ove 25 -/

%ediu+ ?eig6t do do 1eav0 4eig6t do %ediu+ 4eig6t do

)5 1// 125 1// 1// )5 1//

2 2 2 2 2 -

1 1 1 1 1 ---

-----25/ 25/

-----1 1

-----25/ 25/

-----1 1

125 125 125 125 125 125 125

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

125 125 125 125 125 125 125

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

--------

--------

Al+ira6

Ventilators <1=Central 1ung. <2= otto+ 6inged i. ?idt6 1+ : a.ove ii. ?idt6 1+ : less -------------------------------------

'a+e as 4indo4s. %ediu+ 4t. (5 2

15,

SC&E" !E (B) OF BRASS FITTIN#S FOR AOO"EN "OORSB AIN"OAS AN" EENTI!ATORS. <i= T6ere 4ill .e no c6ange in siBe and Nos. exce9t in 6inges and 6andles as given .elo4 under <ii= and <iii= T6ere 4ill .e no c6ange in Nos. of utt 6inge .ut t6e corres9onding siBes of (5@)5@1//@125 4ill .e (5 E@ )5 E@ 1// #@ 125 C in case of +ediu+ 4eig6t and instead of 1// it 4ill .e 1// in case of 6eav0 4eig6t 6inges. T6ere 4ill .e no c6ange in Nos. of 6andles .ut t6e corres9onding siBes of 125 and 15/ 4ill .e )5 and 1//. NotesE<1= >or doors exceeding 2.1 +etre in 6eig6t t6e u99er to4er .olts s6all .e of s*eleton t09e and t6e siBe s6all .e eDual to -// ++R t6e extra 6eig6t a.ove 2.1 +etre@ and t6e 6inges s6all .e 1 +ore 9er leaf. ?indo4s +ore t6an 1.5 +etre in 6eig6t 4ill 6ave sa+e Nos. of 6inges as doors. t6e fan lig6t catc6 and 9ivots s6all 6o4ever .e onl0 of rass in all Cases.

<ii=

<iii=

<2= <-=

15-

,.$ AOO" AOR9 IN ROOF TR SSESB FRA2ES ETC. ,.$.1. Scope. ).2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of construction@ erection and +ode of +easure+ent of ?ood-?or* in roof trusses@ fra+es etc. Ti+.erE- <'tructural and Non structural Ti+.er=EF 'tructural and non structural ti+.er s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n for t6e sa+e under t6e s9ecification No. 2.5 for 8TI% E&8. T6e s9ecies and grade s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. ).2.2.2. %ild 'teel@ ties@ stra9sEF !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified onl0 structural steel 9roducts of standard Dualit0 structural steel confor+ing to I.'. 2((-15(2 s6all .e used. %.'. olt E- '6all confor+ to I.'. 1-(-15(/. 'cre4sE- 'cre4s s6all confor+ to I.'. 251. ?6ile constructing trusses and t6e li*e@ a full siBe truss .e +ar*ed on a level 9latfor+ fro+ 46ic6 te+9lates of all tenon@ +ortices@ scarfs etc. s6all .e +ade to ensure all trusses .eing accurate and of t6e sa+e siBe. Care s6all .e ta*en t6at no +e+.er is scarfed or Cointed unless so s6o4n on t6e dra4ings or a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified all ex9osed faces of 4ood 4or* s6all .e 4roug6t. All +ortice@ tenon and ot6er Coints s6all fit full0 and truel0 4it6out 4edging or filling in a 4or*+an li*e +anner to t6e satisfaction of t6e Engineer. All Coints s6all .e of t6e t09e s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer or as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. All steel flats@ etc.@ t6e surface of 46ic6 co+e in contact 4it6 t6e 4ood surface s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 t4o coats of 6ot coats tar on t6ose surface .efore fixing t6e+ to t6e 4or*. All 4ood 4or* +ust .e ins9ected and 9assed .0 t6e Engineer .efore .eing 9ut into t6e 4or*. T6e Engineer or 6is re9resentative s6all not .e .arred fro+

,.$.$.

2aterials

).2.1.1.

).2.2.-. ).2.2.2. ,.$.%. Co0structio0 a03 >or:/a0ship. ).2.-.1.

).2.-.2.

).2.-.-.

).2.-.2.

,.$.'.

I0spectio0

).2.2.1.

155

reCecting an0 4roug6t ti+.er on account of defective Dualit0 .0 reason of 6is 6aving 9reviousl0 9assed t6e sa+e ti+.er .efore it 6ad .een 4or*ed u9on. In no case t6e 4ood 4or* s6all .e 9ainted or ot6er4ise treated .efore it is ins9ected@ and a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. ).2.2.2. T6e Engineer if 6e so desired get an0 truss and ot6er fra+ed 4or* to .e 9ut toget6er on t6e ground for testing .efore 9lacing t6e sa+e in 9osition and no extra 9a0+ent s6all .e allo4ed for t6is. After t6e 4ood 4or* 6as .een 9assed .0 t6e Engineer it s6all .e given a suita.le 9ri+ing coat unless reDuired to .e ot6er4ise treated .efore .eing erected in 9osition. T6e 9ri+ing coat s6all confor+ to t6e latest version of I.'. 1/-. Trusses or ot6er fra+e 4or* s6all .e carefull0 6oisted and .raced or sta0ed in true 9osition till .uild in or secured 4it6 .olts@ 6old fasts or ot6er connecting +e+.ers. T6e end of .ea+s etc. 46ic6 are to .e e+.edded into 4alls and t6e sides of t6e ti+.er 46ic6 are to a.utt against 4all are to .e t6roug6l0 coated 4it6 t4o coats of .oiling coat tar. T6e ends of all ti+.er set in 4alls s6all 6ave an air s9ace of 15 ++. left on sides and ends@ so as to allo4 t6e free circulation of air around it. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etre. t6e lengt6 of tenons@ 6orns etc. s6all .e added to t6e sig6t lengt6s. T6e steel flats used for stra9s@ and fasteners suc6 as +ild steel .olts etc. s6all .e inclusive in t6e a.ove +easure+ent.

,.$.(.

Pri/e Coat.

).2.5.1.

,.$.+.

Erectio0.

).2.(.1.

).2.(.2.

).2.(.-.

,.$.,.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

).2.).1.

).2.).2.

$66

C&APTER - - STEE! AOR9 -.1 STR CT RE STEE! AOR9 -.1.1. Scope. ,.1.1.1. T6e s9ecification covers t6e use of structural steel in general .uilding construction including fa.rication and erection. 'tructural 'teelEF >usion 4elding Dualit0 I.'. 2/(2-15(2. 'tandard Hualit0 I.'. 22(-15(2. Ordinar0 Dualit0 I.'. 15))-15(2. 'tructural steel 6ig6 confor+ to I.'. 5(. tensile s6all

-.1.$.

2aterials

,.1.2.1. <a= <.= <c= ,.1.2.2. ,.1.2.-. ,.1.2.2. ,.1.2.5.

'teel 4as6erE- 3lain 4as6er s6all .e confor+ing to I.'. 2/1(. &ivetsE- %ild 'teel and 6ig6 tensile rivets s6all confor+ to I.'. 1525. olts and NutsE- All .olts and nuts s6all confor+ to I.'. 1-(-. &olled steel .ea+@ c6annel and angle sections s6all confor+ to I.'. ,/,. &olled steel section tee .ars s6all confor+ to I.'. 11)-. #i+ensions of round and sDuare steel .ars for structural and general Engineering 9ur9oses s6all confor+ to I.'. 1)-2. #i+ensions of 'teel flats for structural and general engineering 9ur9oses s6all confor+ to I.'. 1)-1. T6e 4or* s6all .e carried out in accordance 4it6 t6e a99roved dra4ings@ 46ic6 s6all s6o4 in detail sections@ t6eir siBe and 9osition of +e+.ers. T6e 9lans s6all .e di+ensioned adeDuatel0 to give floor levels@ offsets and ot6er details. 3lans s6all also furnis6 sufficient details so as to su99l0 sufficient infor+ation for

-.1.%.

"i/e0sio0s.

,.1.-.1. ,.1.-.2. ,.1.-.-.

,.1.-.2.

-.1.'.

Pla0s a03 "ra>i0gs.

,.1.2.1.

$61

t6e 9re9aration of s6o9 dra4ings. ,.1.2.2. '6o9 dra4ingsE- To case t6e fa.rication@ 4or* s6o9 dra4ings s6all .e 9re9ared in advance <.0 t6e contractor= of t6e actual fa.rication. T6ese s6all s6o4 all infor+ation necessar0 for >a.rication suc6 as siBe and lengt6 of sections@ details of all 4elds@ and s6all distinguis6 .et4een s6o9 and field rivets@ .olts and 4elds etc. A +ar*eting diagra+ allotting distinct identification +ar*s to eac6 se9arate 9iece of steel 4or* s6all .e 9re9ared. 'traig6teningE- %aterial used in fa.rication 4or* s6all .e straig6t and free fro+ an0 t4ist. If found necessar0 it s6all .e straig6tened .0 9ressure a99lication unless reDuired to .e of curvilinear for+. CuttingE- Cutting s6all .e done .0 s6earing@ cro99ing or sa4ing. $as cutting +a0 .e e+9lo0ed for +ild steel. t6e +aterial 6ardened due to gas cutting of 6ig6 tensile steel s6all .e co+9letel0 re+oved .0 +ac6ining. Cut surface s6all .e clean@ reasona.l0 sDuare and free fro+ an0 distortion@ and if found necessar0@ t6e edges s6all .e ground after4ards. 1olingEF 3unc6ing E- 3unc6ing s6all .e ado9ted onl0 for +e+.ers no t6ic*er t6an 1( ++. T6e 6oles s6all .e 9unc6ed - ++ less in dia+eter t6an t6e reDuired siBe are rea+ed after asse+.l0 to t6e full dia+eter. 1oles in connecting angles and 9lates ot6er t6an s9lices@ roof +e+.ers and lig6t fra+ing +a0.e 9unc6ed full siBe t6roug6 +aterial not over 1- ++. t6ic* exce9t 46ere reDuired for close tolerances or .arrel .olts. #rillingEF 1oles t6roug6 +ore t6an one t6ic*ness of +aterial for +e+.ers suc6 as co+9ound girders and girder flanges $6$

-.1.(.

Fa=ricatio0.

,.1.5.1.

,.1.5.2.

,.1.5.-. <a=

<.= <i=

s6all 46ere 9ossi.le .e drilled after t6e +e+.ers are asse+.led and tig6tl0 cla+9ed or .olted toget6er or tuc* 4elded toget6er. <ii= 3arts to .e connected s6all .e fir+l0 6eld toget6er .0 tac*ing .olts or cla+9s and t6e 6oles drilled t6roug6 all t6e t6ic*ness at one o9eration and su.seDuentl0 rea+ed to siBe. T6e 6oles not drilled t6roug6 all t6ic*ness at one o9eration@ s6all .e drilled to a s+aller siBe and rea+ed out after asse+.l0. Asse+.l0EF Asse+.l0 of t6e co+9onents s6all .e carried out in accordance 4it6 t6e 9lans@ 9roviding t6e reDuired ca+.er@ if s9ecified Care s6all also .e ta*en t6at t6e0 are neit6er t4isted nor ot6er4ise da+aged. All 9arts asse+.led for riveting or 4elding s6all .e in closed contact and all .earing stiffeners s6all .ear tig6tl0 at .ot6 to9 and .otto+ 4it6out .eing dra4n or caul*ed. All 9arts of +e+.ers to .e riveted or 4elded s6all .e 4ell 9inned or .olted and rigidl0 6eld toget6er. &iveting or .olting s6all not .e started till t6e align+ent@ vertical 9lu+.@ ca+.er and all Coints etc. 6ave .een c6ec*ed .0 t6e Executive Engineer. &ivetingEF ?6erever 9ractica.le all riveting@ .ot6 field and s6o9@ s6all .e carried out .0 using stead0 9ressure t09e +ac6ines. &ivets +ore t6an 1/ ++ dia+eter s6all .e 6eated Cust .elo4 4elding 6eat unifor+l0 t6roug6out t6eir lengt6 4it6 out .urning or excessive scaling. T6e rivets s6all .e of sufficient lengt6 to 9rovide a 6ead of standard di+ension. Eac6 rivet s6all co+9letel0 fill t6e 6ole and if countersun*@ t6e countersin*ing s6all .e full0 filled .0 t6e rivet@ an0 $6%

,.1.5.2. ,.1.5.2.1.

,.1.5.2.2.

,.1.5.2.-.

,.1.5.5. ,.1.5.5.1.

,.1.5.5.2.

,.1.5.5.-.

9roudness of t6e countersun* 6ead s6all .e dressed off flus6 for a.utting and .earing surfaces. In driving rivets t6e doll0 and die or sand s6all .e 9laced directl0 o99osite eac6 ot6er at rig6t angles to t6eir riveted surfaces to ensure straig6t driving. ,.1.5.5.2. %ini+u+ 3itc6E- T6e distances .et4een centres of rived 6oles s6all not .e less t6an 2.5 ti+es t6e dia+eter of t6e 6ole. TestingEF After riveting eac6 rivet s6all .e tested .0 ta99ing 4it6 a 6a++er of /.25 *g. 4eig6t@ slac* rivets giving 6ollo4 sound and Carrs s6all not .e allo4ed and s6all .e re9laced at once at contractor8s ex9ense@ care .eing ta*en not to distur. adCacent rivets. All loose@ .urned or ot6er4ise defective rivets s6all .e cut out and re9laced .efore t6e structure is loaded and s9ecial care s6all .e ta*en to ins9ect all single riveted connections. Cutting >ault0 &ivetsE- T6e rivet 6ead of fault0 rivet s6all .e divided into four 9arts .0 +eans of t4o cross cuts@ .efore it is cut-out side 4a0s and t6e rivet s6an*s 9unc6ed out. &ivet .usters s6all not .e used for t6is 9ur9ose t6eir use .eing li+ited to co+9lete dis+antling of steel 4or*. oltingE- All 9er+anent +ac6ine fitted or ot6er .olts s6all .e 9erfectl0 tig6t and s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 atleast ( ++ t6ic* 4as6ers so t6at t6e nut 46en tig6tened s6all not .ear on t6e unt6readed .od0 of t6e .olt. In all cases 46ere t6e full .earing area of t6e .olt it is to .e develo9ed@ t6e t6readed 9ortion of t6e .olt s6ould not .e 4it6in t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9arts .olted toget6er. T6e t6readed 9ortion of eac6 .olt s6all 9roCect t6roug6 t6e nut .0 atleast one t6read. ?eldingEF ?elding s6all .e done as 9er

,.1.5.5.5. <a=

<.=

,.1.5.5.(.

,.1.5.(.

,.1.5.).

$6'

s9ecification for 4elding. ,.1.5.,. ,.1.5.,.1. %ac6iner0 of utts@ ca9s and .asesEF %ac6ining of t6ose structural 9arts s6all .e carried out 46ic6 are s9ecified to .e +ac6ined in t6e dra4ings. In colu+n ca9s and .ases@ t6e ends of s6afts toget6er 4it6 t6e attac6ed gussets@ angles@ c6annels etc.@ after reverting toget6er s6all .e accuratel0 +ac6ined so t6at t6e 9arts connected .utt over t6e entire surface of contact. Care s6all .e ta*en t6at t6ose connecting angles or c6annels are fixed 4it6 suc6 accurac0 t6at t6e0 are not reduced in t6ic*ness .0 +ac6ine .0 +ore t6an 1./ ++. ?6ere grouting is reDuired to .e carried out after-4ards@ sufficient 6oles in t6e stanc6ion .ases s6all .e 9rovided for t6e esca9e of air. 'la. .ases and sla. ca9s@ exce9t 46en cut fro+ +aterial 4it6 true surfaces@ s6all .e accuratel0 +ac6ined over t6e .earing surfaces and s6all .e in effective contact 4it6 t6e end of t6e stanc6ion. A .earing surface 46ic6 is to .e grouted direct to a foundation need not .e +ac6ined if suc6 face is true and 9arallel to t6e u99er face. 3aintingEF All surface 46ic6 are to .e 9ainted@ oiled or ot6er4ise treated s6all .e dr0 and t6roug6l0 cleaned to re+ove all loose scale and loose rust. !ntil and unless s9ecified@ s6o9 contact surfaces s6all not .e 9ainted. If s9ecified t6e0 s6all .e .roug6t toget6er 46ile t6e 9aint is still 4et. 'urface not in contact@ .ut in accessi.le after s6o9 asse+.l0 s6all receive &ed lead 9aint confor+ing to I.'. 1/2@ .efore asse+.l0.

,.1.5.,.2.

,.1.5.,.-.

,.1.5.,.2.

,.1.5.,.5.

,.1.5.5. ,.1.5.5.1.

,.1.5.5.2.

,.1.5.5.-.

$6(

,.1.5.5.2.

In case t6e surface are to .e 4elded@ t6e steel s6all not .e 9ainted or +etal coated 4it6in a suita.le distance of an0 edge to .e 4elded@ if t6e 9aint s9ecified or t6e +etal coating 4ould .e 6ar+ful to 4elders or i+9air t6e Dualit0 of t6e 4elds. ?elds and adCacent 9arent +etal s6all not .e 9ainted 9rior to deslagging@ ins9ection and a99roval. 3arts to .e encased in concrete s6all not .e 9ainted or oiled. %ar*ingE- efore t6e deliver0 is to .e +ade@ eac6 9iece of t6e steel 4or* s6all .e +ar*ed distinctl0 in accordance 4it6 t6e +ar*ing diagra+. T6ese +ar*ing@ s6all .e suc6 t6at t6ese facilities erection. '6o9 erectionE- efore dis9atc6ing t6e steel 4or*@ it s6all .e te+9oraril0 s6o9 erected co+9lete or as desired .0 t6e Engineer to c6ec* t6e accurac0 of fit. 3ac*ingEF In order to 9revent da+age and distortion during transit@ follo4ing +easures s6all .e ta*en. All 9roCecting 9lates or .ars s6all .e stiffened. All straig6t .ars and 9lates s6all .e .undled. All scre4ed ends and +ac6ined surfaces s6all .e suita.l0 safeguarded. All rivets@ .olts@ nuts@ 4as6ers and s+all loose 9arts s6all .e 9ac*ed se9aratel0 in cases. Ins9ectionEF !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified ins9ection s6all .e done at t6e +anufacturing 9lace .efore t6e dis9atc6 and s6all .e so arranged as not to interfere unnecessaril0 4it6 t6e o9eration of t6e

,.1.5.5.5.

,.1.5.5.(. ,.1.5.1/.

,.1.5.11.

,.1.5.12. ,.1.5.12.1.

,.1.5.12.2. ,.1.5.12.-. ,.1.5.12.2. ,.1.5.12.5.

,.1.5.1-. ,.1.5.1-.1.

$6+

4or*. ,.1.5.1-.2. #efects 46ic6 +a0 a99ear during fa.rication s6all .e +ade good 4it6 t6e 9er+ission of and according to t6e 9rocedure laid do4n .0 t6e Engineer. T6e contractor s6all 9rovide all gauges and te+9lates necessar0 for ins9ection. T6e Engineer s6all 6ave free access at all reasona.le ti+es to t6ose 9arts of t6e +anufacturers 4or* 46ic6 are concerned 4it6 t6e fa.rication 4or* and s6all .e afforded all facilities for satisf0ing 6i+self t6at t6e fa.rication is .eing carried out in accordance 4it6 t6e s9ecifications. An0 structure or 9art of a structure s6all .e lia.le to reCection@ if is not found to co+9l0 4it6 t6e s9ecification. !ntil and unless 9er+itted .0 t6e Engineer@ no structure or 9art of t6e structure@ once reCected s6all .e resu.+itted for test. T6e Engineer +a0@ at 6is discretion get t6e test results c6ec*ed .0 inde9endent tests at t6e $overn+ent Test 1ouse or else 46ere. T6e cost of suc6 tests s6all .e .orne .0 t6e contractor if t6e +aterial so tested is found to .e unsatisfactor0@ and if it is found satisfactor0@ t6e cost s6all .e .orne .0 t6e $overn+ent. T6e unsatisfactor0 +aterial s6all .e re9laced .0 t6e contractor@ at 6is ex9ense. 'traig6tening .endsENo straig6tening 46at so ever s6all .e carried out 4it6out t6e 9rior sanction of t6e Engineer. 'lig6t .ends in t6e +e+.ers of fa.ricated structure s6all not .e straig6tened unless strictl0 necessar0 on account of t6e danger of overstressing connections and rivets. Connection 9lates@ if slig6tl0 .end or t4isted@ s6all .e straig6tened cold@ if $6,

,.1.5.1-.-. ,.1.5.1-.2.

,.1.5.1-.5.

,.1.5.1-.(.

,.1.5.1-.).

-.1.+.

Erectio0.

,.1.(.1. ,.1.(.1.1.

,.1.(.1.2.

,.1.(.1.-.

.ent so s6ar9l0 so as to reDuire 6eating t6e 46ole 9iece t6us 6eated s6all .e su.seDuentl0 annealed. ,.1.(.2. ,.1.(.2.1. #a+aged 9artsEAn0 +aterial found da+aged or defective s6all .e stac*ed se9aratel0 and t6e da+aged or t6e defective 9ortion s6all .e 9ainted in a distinctive colour. 3lant eDui9+ent and 6andlingEF Contractor s6all 9rovide 9lant and eDui9+ent of suita.le ca9acit0 for erection. All structural steel s6all .e so stored and 6andled at site t6at +e+.ers are not su.Cect to excessive stresses and da+age. 'etting outET6e 9ositioning and levelling of all steel 4or*@ t6e 9lu+.ing of stanc6ions and t6e 9lacing of ever0 9art of t6e structure 4it6 accurac0 s6all .e in accordance 4it6 t6e a99roved dra4ings and to t6e satisfaction of t6e engineer. 'ecurit0 during erectionsEF #uring erection@ t6e steel 4or* s6all .e securel0 .olted or ot6er4ise fastened and@ 46en necessar0 te+9oraril0 .raced to 9rovide for all load to .e carried .0 t6e structure during erection including t6ose due to erection eDui9+ent and its o9eration. No riveting@ 9er+anent .olting or 4elding s6all .e done until 9ro9er align+ent 6as .een o.tained@ all Coint and cover 9lates 6ave .een fixed 4it6 service .olts tig6t and field rivet 6oles coinciding. ?ooden ra+s or +alls s6all .e used in forcing +e+.ers to 9osition to 9rotect +etal fro+ inCur0. >ield connectionsE-

,.1.(.-. ,.1.(.-.1.

,.1.(.2. ,.1.(.2.1.

,.1.(.5. ,.1.(.5.1.

,.1.(.5.2.

,.1.(.5.-.

,.1.(.(.

$6-

,.1.(.(.1. <a=

>ield rivetingEF 'ervice oltingE- ?6ite erecting@ t6e 6oles in different co+9onents 9arts of t6e structure s6all .e +ade concentric 4it6 t6e use of drifts .efore an0 service .olt is fitted. 1a++ering of t6e .olts to +a*e t6e 6oles concentric s6all in no case .e allo4ed. Aoints s6all nor+all0 .e +ade .0 filling not less t6an fift0 9ercent of t6e 6oles 4it6 service .olts. T6e service .olts s6all .e full0 tig6tened u9 as soon as t6e Coint is asse+.led .efore t6e co++ence+ent of riveting. &ivets driven at t6e site s6all .e 6eated and driven 4it6 care as t6ose driven in t6e s6o9. After initial riveting is over@ t6e service .olts s6all .e ta*en out and t6e 9ortions riveted co+9letel0. >ield ?eldingEF All field asse+.l0 and 4elding s6all .e executed in accordance 4it6 t6e reDuire+ents for s6o9 fa.rication exce9t suc6 as +anifestl0 a99l0 to s6o9 condition onl0. ?6ere t6e steel 6as .een delivered 9ainted@ t6e 9aint s6all .e re+oved .efore field 4elding@ for a distance of atleast 5/ ++ on eit6er side of t6e Coints. >ield .olting EF All 9er+anent +ac6ine fitted or ot6er .olts +ust .e 9erfectl0 tig6t@ and s6all .e .urred or ot6er 4ise c6ec*ed@ to 9revent nuts fro+ .eco+ing loose. No unfilled rivet or .olt 6oles are to .e left in an0 9art of t6e structure. Ex9ansion ga9sE- Care s6all .e ta*en to ensure free ex9ansion and contraction@ 46erever 9rovided for in dra4ings.

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

<f=

,.1.(.(.2. <a=

<.=

,.1.(.(.-.

,.1.(.).

$65

-.1.,.

Pai0ti0g a4ter erectio0.

,.1.).1. ,.1.).2.

T6e entire structure s6all .e t6roug6l0 cleaned of all loose scale and rust. T6e s9ecified 9rotective treat+ent@ s6all .e co+9leted after erection. All rivet and .olt 6eads and site 4elds after deslagging s6all .e cleaned. #a+aged or deteriorated 9aint surfaces s6all first .e +ade good 4it6 t6e sa+e t09e of 9aint as t6e s6o9 coat. ?6ere t6e steel 6as received a +etal coating in t6e s6o9 t6is coating s6all .e co+9leted on site so as to .e continuous over an0 4eld and site rivets or .olts. 3ainting s6all not .e carried out in rain0 season. All ite+s s6all .e given .0 4eig6t in Duintals and in riveted 4or* t6e 4eig6t of rivet 6ead exce9t in case of countersun* rivets s6all .e added. If t6e 4eig6t is calculated fro+ ta.les@ no deduction s6all .e +ade for rivet or .olt 6oles. T6e 4eig6t of cleats@ .rac*ets@ 9ac*ing 9ieces@ rivet 6eads@ .olts@ distance 9ieces@ se9arators@ gusset and fis6 9lates etc. s6all .e added to t6e 4eig6t of res9ective ite+s. !nloading and fixing of steel 4or* s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+. 1oisting s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 stating 6eig6t of structure a.ove or .elo4 t6e ground level. T6e various ite+s s6all .e full0 classified and +easured se9aratel0 under t6e follo4ing 6eads. &olled sections <Aoists@ c6annels@ angles and Tee8s= fixed inde9endentl0. 'ingle stanc6ions and rolled sections fixed 4it6 connecting 9lates or angle cleats as in +ain and cross .ea+s@ 6i9 and Cac* rafters@ 9urlins connected to co++on rafters and t6e li*e.

,.1.).-.

,.1.).2. -.1.-. 2easure/e0t. ,.1.,.1.

,.1.,.2.

,.1.,.-. ,.1.,.2.

,.1.,.5.

<a= <.=

$16

<c=

3late girders and co+9ound stanc6ions riveted or 4elded@ t6e 4eig6t of stiffeners@ .earing 9lates@ cu9s@ .ases@ fis6 9lates@ angle .rac*ets etc. s6all .e added to t6e 4eig6t of t6e res9ective ite+s. 1olding do4n or anc6or .olts s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 .0 4eig6t including nuts and 4as6ers@ t6e0 s6all .e grou9ed according to dia+eter@ and nu+.er in eac6 grou9 s6all .e stated. 'ite drilling to existing steel 4or* s6all .e enu+erated stating dia+eter of 6oles and t6ic*ness of +etal. Counter sun* rivet 6eads s6all .e enu+erated and +easured se9aratel0. &ed lead 9ainting of steel at t6e s6o9 and at site s6all .e included in t6e ite+. An0 decorative 9ainting ot6er t6an it s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e +ode of +easure+ent of riveted steel 4or* s6all a99l0 eDuall0 to 4elded 4or*@ exce9t t6at ite+s s6all .e descri.ed as 84elded8@ including all la.our@ +aterials and a99liances instead of 8&iveted8.

,.1.,.(.

,.1.,.).

,.1.,.,. ,.1.,.5.

,.1.,.1/.

$11

-.$. FI)IN# OF 2ETA! "OORSB AIN"OAS AN" EENTI!ATORS -.$.1. Scope. ,.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification covers t6e +ode of fixing of +etal <'teel : Alu+inu+= doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators. >ixing +eans securing@ 4indo4s and ventilators in structural or +asonr0 surrounds@ fixing fittings and accessories. %etal doors@ 4indo4s or ventilators +a0 .e reDuired to .e fixed to eit6er +asonr0 o9enings <including .ric*@ concrete@ stone= or ti+.er o9ening or steel 4or* o9enings. %asonr0 o9enings +a0 .e eit6er re.ated or flus6 and +a0 eit6er 6ave external rendering a99lied or fair faced. Ti+.er o9enings are invaria.l0 re.ated. 'teel doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators s6all confor+ to I.'. 1/-,. Alu+iniu+ doors@ 4indo4s and ventilators s6all confor+ to I.'. 152,. ?ood scre4s s6all confor+ to I.'. 251. %astic used for filling s6all confor+ to a99ro9riate Indian 'tandard and s6all .e sufficientl0 9li.le and 4ater 9roof. >lus6 o9eningsE- T6e clearance .et4een fra+e and o9enings s6all .e eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of rendering in t6e case of rendered flus6 o9enings@ and - ++ in case of fair faced flus6 o9enings. &e.ated o9eningsE&endered %asonr0 o9eningsE- T6e clearance .et4een inner flange of t6e fra+e and o9ening s6all .e eDual to ++@ and t6e outer flange of t6e fra+e and o9ening eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e rendering. T6e re.ate s6all t6us .e eDual in t6e t6ic*ness of t6e rendering and t6e distance .et4een t6e inner and outer flange of fra+e -++. >air faced +asonr0 o9eningsE- T6e clearance .et4een +asonr0 o9enings and t6e inner flange of t6e fra+e@ as 4ell as .et4een t6e o9ening and t6e outer flange of t6e fra+e s6all .e -++. T6e re.ate s6all .e t6us eDual to t6e distance .et4een t6e inner and outer flanges of door@ 4indo4 or ventilator $1$

-.$.$.

#e0eral.

,.2.2.1.

-.$.%.

2aterials.

,.2.-.1. ,.2.-.2. ,.2.-.-. ,.2.-.2.

-.$.'.

Si;e o4 Ope0i0gs.

,.2.2.1.

,.2.2.2. <a=

<.=

fra+e. ,.2.2.-. 'teel 4or* o9eningE- 'teel 4or* o9ening s6all .e designed to allo4 t6e outer flange of t6e fra+e section to overla9 t6e steel surface .0 1/ ++. T6e units s6all .e unloaded and stac*ed 4it6 ut+ost care and .e exa+ined for an0 da+age t6at +a0 6ave occurred in transit. ?indo4s and ventilators s6all .e stac*ed u9rig6t on 4ooden .attens and s6all not co+e in contact 4it6 dirt and as6es. #oors s6all .e stac*ed u9 side do4n 4it6 t6e *ic* 9lates at t6e to9. T6ese s6all not .e allo4ed to stand for long t6e rig6t 4a0 u9 .efore .eing fixed@ so as to avoid t6e doors getting out of true@ 6inges .eing strained and t6e s6utters dro99ing. Alu+iniu+ doors@ during stac*ing@ s6all .e 9rotected fro+ loose ce+ent and +ortar .0 +eans of tar9aulins@ 6ung loosel0 on te+9orar0 fra+ing to 9er+it circulation of air to 9revent condensation. #oors@ 4indo4s and ventilators s6all .e fixed in 9re9ared o9enings and s6all in no case .e 8 uilt in8 as t6e 4all goes u9. 1o4ever t6e fixing 9lugs s6all .e 9rovided at a99ro9riate 9laces as ex9lained .elo4 as t6e 4or* 9roceeds in case of concrete and stone +asonr0 4or*. T6e o9ening siBe s6all first .e c6ec*ed and cleaned of all o.struction. T6e 9osition of t6e unit s6all .e +ar*ed .0 a c6al* line on t6e reveal at t6e Ca+.s@ using 9lu+. line@ at t6e correct distance fro+ t6e face of t6e 4all. T6e c6al* line at t6e correct distance fro+ t6e face of t6e 4all. T6e c6al* line s6all .e run along t6e 6ead and .ill of t6e o9ening. T6e 9ositions of t6e fixing 6oles or 9lugs in use of concrete and stone +asonr0 s6all .e ta*en fro+ t6e unit and +ar*ed over t6is c6al* line. 5c+ sDuare to 1/ c+ dee9 6oles s6all .e cut in +asonr0 for fixing t6e lung or 6old fasts@ exce9t in case 46ere it is 9ossi.le to 9ut slotted lungs into t6e Coints of $1%

-.$.(.

&a03li0g o4 2etal "oorsB Ai03o>s a03 Ee0tilators.

,.2.5.1.

,.2.5.2.

,.2.5.-.

-.$.+.

Fi7i0g o4 Si0gle 0its.

,.2.(.1.

,.2.(.2.

,.2.(.-.

.ric* 4or* or 46en fixing 9lugs e+.edded in t6e +asonr0 during construction at t6e a99ro9riate 9laces. ,.2.(.5. To ensure t6at all units are set at t6e a99ro9riate 6eig6t t6e datu+ line for t6e sill of t6e door@ 4indo4 or ventilator s6all .e ta*en fro+ a 9oint fixed on t6e 4all or fro+ finis6ed floor or ceiling 4it6 t6e 6el9 of a level. T6e units s6all .e c6ec*ed to ensure t6at t6e0 are sDuare and 4or*ing 9ro9erl0. T6ese s6all t6en .e 4et in its o9enings .0 t6e use of 4ooden 4edges at Ca+.s@ 6ead and sill and 9lu+.ed to t6e c6al* line round t6e reveal. A s9irit level s6all .e used to ensure t6at t6e fra+e is sDuare and free fro+ an0 4ar9 or t4ist. It s6all .e .roug6t to t6e line .0 stri9ing t6e 4edges .0 a 6a++er@ care .eing ta*en not to stri*e t6e fra+e. T6e 4edges s6all not .e inserted so fir+ as to distort t6e fra+es and s6all 9refera.l0 .e 9laced near t6e 9oints 46ere t6e glaBing .ar +eets t6e fra+e. T6e lungs s6all .e 9laced in s9ecified 9osition and scre4ed tig6t. T6e lungs s6all t6en .e grouted into t6eir 6oles 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E- +ix and t6e 4edges not .e re+oved till t6e ce+ent 6as 6ardened. ?6en fixing is done to flus6 surrounds 4it6out rendering@ t6e - ++ clearance round t6e fra+e s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 +astic on t6e outside. %astic s6all .e a99lied after t6e unit 6as .een fixed in 9osition@ .ut .efore t6e internal 9laster is a99lied. t6e +astic s6all .e a99lied fro+ inside@ sDueeBed into t6e c6annel of t6e fra+e@ until it ooBes out t6roug6 t6e narro4er outside Coint. T6e internal ga9 s6all .e filled a.out 1N-rd 4it6 +astic and rest of t6e s9ace s6all .e filled 4it6 ce+ent +ortar. T6e +astic s6all t6en .e cut off sDuare side and s+oot6ed do4ns. >lus6 surrounds 4it6 internal 9laster and renderingEF T6e 9laster and rendering s6all .e a99lied after t6e lugs 6ave .een fir+l0 set. Care s6all .e ta*en in *ee9ing it

,.2.(.5.

,.2.(.(.

,.2.(.).

,.2.(.,.

$1'

clear of 6inges and not .ringing it too close to t6e o9ening fra+e of case+ent. T6e 6inges s6all .e 9rotected of 9laster fro+ ad6ering .0 4ra99ing t6e+ 4it6 gunn0 .ags. T6e Coint of t6e unit and t6e +ortar s6all .e 9ointed 4it6 +astic fro+ outside@ 9rior to t6e a99lication of rendering. ,.2.(.5. <a= &e.ated 'urroundsEF &e.ated 'urrounds 4it6out renderingET6e fra+e s6all .e added in +astic .0 a99l0ing it freel0 to t6e c6annel of t6e outside fra+e .efore 9utting it u9 in re.ated o9ening. T6e +astic s6all .e a99lied to t6e sill of t6e o9ening and t6e unit 9laced on it 4it6 t6e ot6er t6ree sides .uttered 4it6 +astic. After t6e unit 6as .een fixed in 9osition@ t6e sur9lus +astic s6all .e out a4a0 and s+oot6ed. &e.ated 'urrounds 4it6 renderingEAfter t6e fra+e 6as .een fixed in t6e +anner +entioned under ,.2.(.5<a= 9laster s6all .e a99lied on outside. 1inges s6all .e 9rotected fro+ +ortar s9las6es .0 4ra99ing t6e+ 4it6 gunn0 .egs. Concrete 'urroundingE- ?ooden .loc*s s6all .e accuratel0 set in t6e concrete at t6e ti+e of casting and t6e unit scre4ed to t6ese 9lugs 4it6 t6e 6el9 of 4oodscre4s. In case t6e 9lugs could not .e set accuratel0@ t6e finer s6all drill and 9lug t6e surrounds .0 +eans of 46ite +etal 9lugs. #ressed stone and +ar.le surrounds s6all .e drilled and Ilugged for 4ooden scre4s as +entioned in ,.2.(.1/. ?ood 'urroundsE- %astic s6all .e a99lied to t6e sill and t6e unit 9laced on it 4it6 t6e Ca+.s and 6ead .uttered 4it6 +astic. %astic s6all .e a99lied freel0 to t6e c6annel of t6e outside fra+e .efore 9utting it. T6e unit s6all t6en .e scre4ed 4it6 4ood scre4. 'teel 'urroundsE- T6e unit s6all .e a99lied 4it6 +astic in t6e +anners descri.ed a.ove. t6e unit s6all t6en .e fixed 4it6 s9ecial fixing cli9s su99lied 4it6 t6e unit or 4it6 nuts and .olts.

<.=

,.2.(.1/.

,.2.(.11.

,.2.(.12.

,.2.(.1-.

$1(

,.2.(.12.

Alu+iniu+ fra+esE- Alu+iniu+ fra+es 46en 9laced in direct contact 4it6 +asonr0@ +etal or 4ood surrounds s6all .e 9rotected@ 4it6 2 coats of al*aliresistant .itu+inous 9aint@ to avoid direct c6e+ical attac* fro+ al*aline or acid solution for+ed .0 +oisture and t6e surrounding +aterials. All 4et ce+ent s9latter and di9s s6all i++ediatel0 .e re+oved fro+ t6e Alu+iniu+ fra+e. External do4n s6all 6ave a t6res6old 46ic6 s6all .e su.stituted 4it6 a flat .ar in case of internal doors. t6e .ase tie .ar s6all .e fixed to t6e Ca+. +e+.er of t6e fra+e and s6all 9roCect .elo4 t6e finis6ed floor. T6e +aterials for fixing of doors@ 4indo4s or ventilators to t6e surrounding s6all .e as given in ta.le .elo4E-

,.2.(.15.

-.$.,.

Fi7i0g 2aterials.

,.2.).1.

2ATERIA!S FOR FI)IN# OF "OORSB AIN"OAS AN" EENTI!ATORS.

S.No. 1. Surrou03 a03 /etho3 o4 4i7i0g Fi7i0g /aterials

?6en fixed to 4ooden fra+e 2/++ x No. 1/ re.ated on t6e outside. $alvaniBed 4ood scre4. ?6en fixed to 9lugs in concrete@ stone or .ric* 4or* re.ated on t6e out side. do

2.

-.

?6en fixed to 9lugs in concrete@ (5++ x No. 1/ stone or .ric* 4or* not re.ated on $alvaniBed 4ood scre4. t6e outside <t6at in 9lain or sDuare Ca+.s.= ?6en fixed direct to .ric* 4or* or 'lotted steel adC-usta.le +asonr0 <t6at in 9lain or sDuare lugs of siBes s6o4n in Ca+.s= #ra4ings. ?6en fixed to steel 4or*. 'tandard cli9s and ,++ <galvaniBed .olts 4it6 6exagonal nuts.

2.

5.

-.$.-.

Fi7i0g o4 Co/posite 0its.

In general fixing of co+9osite units s6all confor+ to 9rocedure laid do4n under clause -,.2.(. and in addition it s6all confor+ to t6e 9rovision laid do4n under t6e clause ,.2.,.1. to ,.2.,.2. ,.2.,.1. Individual units s6all .e cou9led to for+

$1+

co+9osite units .0 +eans of cou9ling scre4 and t6e +ullions and transo+e .e .edded 4it6 in +astic to ensure 4eat6er tig6tness. T6e outer fra+e c6annels s6all .e s+eared 4it6 +astic and t4o units s6all .e dra4n toget6er tig6t 4it6 cla+9s@ t6e +astic .eing sDueeBe out and cut off neatl0. ,.2.,.2. Cou9ling scre4s s6all .e of correct siBe and Duantities as detailed on dra4ings and s6all not 9roCect t6roug6 t6e fra+e of t6e unit to interfere 4it6 t6e closing of t6e case+ent. If it 9roCects t6e offending lengt6 of t6e scre4 s6all .e cut off. In case of cross Coints of +ullions 4it6 transo+es@ t6e s6orter cou9ling unit s6all run t6roug6 un.ro*en. %ullions s6all 9roCect 2.5 c+ at 6ead and sill into t6e .ric*@ stone or concrete surrounds. In case +ullions are to .e cross Cointed 4it6 a continuous transo+e or fixed in 4ooden or steel surrounds t6ese s6all .e cut s6ort to for+ .utt Coint. ?6en transo+esrur0 un-.ro*en in a cross cou9ling@ t6en s6all .e +ade to 9roCect 2.5 c+ in t6e concrete@ .ric* or stone Ca+.s. Transo+es +a0 .e cut to +atc6 t6e outer or inner flange of t6e fra+e. Alu+iniu+ +ullions and transo+es s6all .e cut to 9rofile of t6e fra+e section. 3oc*ets s6all .e cut in t6e surround to ta*e 9roCection of t6e cou9ling +e+.er@ 46en cutting 6oles for lugs. Tu.ular cou9ling +e+.ersE- ?6en cou9ling at an0 desired angle is reDuired in .a0 co+9osite unit@ tu.es s6all .e used as vertical cou9ling +e+.ers. T6ese s6all .e $.I. 9i9es of no+inal dia+eter 25 ++ or -2 ++. After t6e unit 6as .een set correctl0 t6e tu.e +ullions s6all .e drilled and ta99ed 4it6 6oles to +atc6 t6e fixing 6oles in t6e door@ 4indo4 or ventilator fra+e. Non load .earing tu.es s6all 9roCect 2.5 c+. at 6ead and sill as in ,.2.,.-. "oad .earing tu.es s6all 6ave ca9s and .ases of steel 9late 4elded at t6eir ro9s and .otto+s. %astic s6all .e a99lied to tu.e +ullions as descri.ed under ,.2.,.1.

,.2.,.-.

,.2.,.2.

$1,

-.$.5.

Fitti0gs a03 &ar3>are.

,.2.5.1.

efore fixing t6e unit in t6e surround@ an0 6ard4are fixed in 9osition s6all .e re+oved and t6e +oving 9art secured 4it6 4ire or ro9e to save t6e+ fro+ da+age. 1ard4are s6all .e fixed in t6e last Cust 9rior to t6e a99lication of final coat of 9aint. t6ese s6all .e fixed in suc6 a 4a0 t6at t6ese +a0 not get loose@ scre4s and 9ens +a0 not .e +ar*ed or +utilated .0 6a++ers and scre4 drivers@ and s6all .e c6ec*ed for t6eir correct o9erations. In case friction 6inges are used for side 6ung case+ents@ t6e0 s6all .e adCusted to t6e reDuired tension .0 adCusting t6e nuts on to9 and .otto+ 6inges eDuall0. >riction s6all .e +easured .0 gauges at suita.le ti+e interval and adCusted@ .ut oil s6all not .e used on friction 6inges. In average conditions nor+al setting of a friction 6inge reDuires a 9ressure of 1/ 7g. c+2 to over co+e it. Exce9t in t6e case of dou.le s6utter case+ents all side 6ung case+ent s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 9roCecting 6inges@ to ensure cleaning of t6e surface of t6e glass. In order to ena.le t6e door or 4indo4 s6utter to fold .ac*@ t6e doors or 4indo4s s6all .e set in t6e reveal as s6o4n in #ra4ings. 'teel doors and 4indo4s s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres stating t6e siBes of various +e+.ers and s6all .e full0 descri.ed. T6e +et6od of fixing t6e 6anging t6e fastenings s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+. An0 9rotective treat+ents reDuired to .e a99lied at +anufactures 4or*s@ suc6 as 9ainting and 6ot di9 galvaniBing s6all .e descri.ed.

,.2.5.2.

,.2.5.-.

-.$.16.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.=

<c=

$1-

-.%. AE!"IN# -.%.1. Ael3i0g-2etal arc -.%.1.1. Scope. ,.-.1.1.1. T6e s9ecification cover t6e use of +etal arc 4elding in t6e fa.rication of general .uilding constructions in +ild steel. T6ese also a99l0 to t6e use of 4elding in t6e re9air of existing .uilding@ .ut do not cover all t6e 9rovisions a99lica.le to t6e strengt6ening of existing structures. %ild 'teelE- All steel used for structure +e+.ers and connections s6all .e +ild steel of general 4elda.le Dualit0 confor+ing to I.'. 2/(2. ElectrodesE- Electrodes s6all confor+ to I.'. ,12. Electrodes s6all .e stored in t6eir original .undles or cartons in a dr0 9lace and adeDuatel0 9rotected fro+ 4eat6ering effects. Electrodes 4it6 da+age flux coating s6all .e discarded. ?elding 9lantE?elding 9lant@ instructions and accessories s6all .e of adeDuate ca9acit0 to carr0 out t6e 4elding effectivel0 and s6all confor+ to a99ro9riate Indian or ritis6 standard. ?elding 9lant s6all .e +aintained in good 4elding order and 9rotected fro+ 4ind and 4eat6er. AdeDuate +eans of +easuring t6e current dra4n on 4elding side s6all .e availa.le and ste9s s6all .e ta*en to +aintain correct arc lengt6@ rate of travel@ current and 9olarit0 for t6e t09e of electrode and nature of 4or*. 3re9aration .efore 4eldingET6e surfaces la0ing 4it6in 12 ++ of t6e 4eld s6all .e freed of scale@ dirt@ grease 9aint and ot6er foreign +aterials .0 +eans of .rus6ing or scra99ing. ?6erever 9ractica.le fusion faces +a0 .e cut .0 s6earing@ c6i99ing@ +ac6ining or +ac6ine gas cutting. T6e for+ of Coint@ angle .et4een fusion faces@ ga9 .et4een 9arts etc. s6all confor+ to I.'. ,2-.

-.%.1.$.

2aterials.

,.-.1.2.1.

,.-.1.2.2.

,.-.1.2.-.

-.%.1.%.

Butt Ael3i0g.

,.-.1.-.1. <a=

<.=

$15

<c=

T6e cut edges s6all .e clean and unifor+ in case it is irregular@ t6e sa+e s6all .e dressed .0 c6i99ing@ filing or grinding to t6e satisfaction of t6e engineer. 'ufficient staging and necessar0 9recaution@ as 4ill ena.le t6e 4elders to 9erfor+ t6e 4elding o9eration 9ro9erl0 s6all .e 9rovided. T6e 9arts to .e 4elded s6all .e securel0 6eld in t6eir correct relative 9ositions during 4elding@ so t6at t6ese re+ain in 9ro9er align+ent. ?or*ingEF #e9osition of 4eld +etal s6all .e suc6 t6at it ensure unifor+it0 and continuit0 of t6e 4eld@ an even contour of t6e surface@ regular finis6@ and 9ro9er fusion 4it6 t6e 9arent +etal. In t6ic*er 9lates 4elding s6all .e carried out in la0ers of unifor+ .ead. After eac6 run@ slage s6all .e re+oved@ 4it6 a suita.le tool .efore t6e su.seDuent run is su9eri+9osed as t6is is detri+ental to t6e strengt6 of t6e 4eld. &einforce+entE- To ensure full cross sectional area at t6e Coint@ a +ini+u+ 9ractica.le surface convexit0 of 1 ++ s6all .e 9rovided .0 reinforce+ent 46ic6 s6all not .e +ore t6an - ++ and 46ic6 +a0 .e re+oved to give a flus6 surface@ if reDuired .0 t6e Engineer. All single .utt 4elds s6all .e co+9leted .0 de9ositing a sealing run of t6e 4eld +etal on t6e .ac* of t6e Coint or .0 using a s9ecial .ac*ing stri9@ exce9t in case@ 46ere anot6er structural steel 9art is 9resent on t6e .ac* of t6e 4eld. 'ealing runE- T6e .ac* of t6e first run s6all .e cut out 4it6 a round nosed c6isel 9rior to t6e a99lication of su.seDuent runs on t6e reverse side. T6e de9t6 to 46ic6 t6e first run is cut out $$6

<d=

<e=

,.-.1.-.2. <a=

<.= <c=

<d=

<e=

<i=

s6all .e sufficient to ex9ose t6e clean face of t6e first run. 'u.Cect to a +ini+u+ of 5./ ++. T6e grooves t6us for+ed@ t6e roots of t6e 4eld s6all .e filled in and sealed. <ii= ac*ing stri9E- In case a .ac*ing stri9 is used@ t6e steel 9arts of t6e Coint s6all .e leveled to an edge 4it6 a ga9 not less t6an -./ ++ and not +ore t6an 5./ ++@ to ensure fusion into t6e .otto+ of t6e 8V8 and t6e steel 9art at t6e .ac* of t6e Coint. In case .utt 4elding is to .e carried out to t6e full 4idt6 of t6e Coint or 9iece@ 4elding s6all .e carried out@ eit6er 4it6 t6e use of run on and run off 9lates or .0 t6e 9rovision of end reinforce+ent. &un on and run off 9latesE- T6e end of t6e .utt 4elds are extended 9ast t6e edges of t6e 9arts Coined .0 t6e use of run on and run off 9lates 4it6 a si+ilar Coint 9re9aration and a t6ic*ness not less t6an t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9arts Coined. In case t6e run on and run off 9lates are re+oved after t6e co+9letion of t6e 4eld@ t6e ends of t6e 4eld s6all .e left s+oot6 and flus6 4it6 t6e edges of t6e a.utting 9arts. End reinforce+entE- In case t6e 9arent +etal is not +ore t6an 15++ t6ic* t6e end s6all .e c6i99ed or cut .ac* to solid +etal and 4elds a99lied 6aving a 4idt6 of not less t6an 1M ti+es t6e 8V8 o9ening .et4een t6e 9arts Coined to fill out t6e end of t6e sa+e reinforce+ent as t6e faces of t6e 4eld <'ee >ig. ,.-.-1=.

<f=

<i=

<ii=

$$1

,.-.1.-.-.

Inter+ittent utt 4eldsE- Inter+ittent .utt 4elds s6all not .e used in 9ositions su.Cect to fatigue and s6all .e +eant to resist s6ear onl0. utt 4elding 9arts of uneDual cross sectionsEF In .utt 4elding steel 9arts@ in line 4it6 eac6 ot6er intended to 4it6 stand d0na+ic@ re9eating or alternating forces@ and 46ic6 are to uneDual 4idt6 or 46ere t6e difference in t6ic*ness of t6e 9arts exceed 25 9ercent of t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9arts or -./ ++ 46ic6ever in greater@ t6e di+ension of t6e 4ider or t6ic*er 9art s6ould .e reduced at t6e .utt Coint to t6ose of t6e s+aller 9arts t6e slo9e .eing not stee9er t6an one in five. <'ee >ig. ,.-.1.-2=.

,.-.1.-.2. <a=

<.=

?6ere t6e reduction of t6e t6ic*er or 4ider 9art is i+9ractica.le@ andNor 46ere structures are not su.Cect to d0na+ic@ re9eating or alternating forces@ t6e 4eld +etal s6ould .e .uilt u9 at t6e Cunction 4it6 t6e t6ic*er 9art to di+ensions at least 25 9ercent greater t6an t6ose of t6e t6inner 9art or alternativel0 to t6e di+ension of t6e t6ic*er +e+.er. <'ee >ig. ,.-.1.,.=

-.%.1.' .

Fillet >el3i0g

,.-.1.2.1. ,.-.1.2.2.

3re9aration .efore 4eldingE- 'a+e as t6at for .utt 4elding. >illet 4elds s6all not .e used in case t6e angle .et4een t6e fusion faces exceeds 12// or less t6an (//.

$$$

,.-.1.2.-. <a=

,.-.1.2.2.

,.-.1.2.5. <a=

<i= <ii=

<iii=

<.=

,.-.1.2.(. <a=

<.=

<c=

?or*ingEF 'a+e as ,.-.1.-.2. End returnsE- >illet 4eld ter+inating at t6e ends or sides of 9arts or +e+.ers s6all@ 46ere 9ractica.le@ .e returned continuousl0 around t6e corners for a distance not less t6an t4ice t6e siBe of t6e 4eld. Inter+ittent fillet 4eldsE- Inter+ittent fillet 4elds s6all not .e used in t6e case of +ain +e+.ers of structures directl0 ex9osed to 46et6er. >illet 4elds in slots or 6olesEF ?6ere fillet 4elds are used in slots or 6oles t6roug6 one or +ore of t6e 9arts .eing Cointed@ t6e di+ensions of t6e slot or 6ole s6all co+9l0 4it6 t6e follo4ing li+its in ter+s of t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9art in 46ic6 t6e slot or 6ole in for+ed. T6e 4idt6 or dia+eter s6all not .e less t6an t6ree ti+es t6e t6ic*ness. Corners at t6e enclosed ends of slots s6all .e rounded 4it6 a radius not less t6an 1M ti+es t6e t6ic*ness. T6e distance .et4een t6e edge of t6e 9art and t6e edge of t6e slot or 6ole@ or .et4een adCacent slots or 6oles@ s6all .e not less t6an t4ice t6e t6ic*ness. ?6en 4elding inside a slot or a 6ole@ in a 9late or ot6er 9art@ in order to Coin t6e sa+e to an underl0ing 9art@ fillet 4eld +a0 .e used along t6e 4all or 4alls of t6e slot or t6e 6ole@ .ut t6e latter s6all not .e filled in suc6 a +anner as to for+ a direct 4eld +etal connection .et4een o99osite 4alls@ exce9t t6at fillet 4elds along o99osite 4alls@ +a0 overla9 eac6 ot6er for a distance of K of t6eir siBe. >illet 4elds a99lied to t6e edge of a 9late of sectionF ?6ere a fillet 4eld is a99lied to t6e sDuare edge of a 9art@ t6e s9ecified siBe of t6e 4eld s6all .e atleast 1.5 ++ less t6an t6e edge t6ic*ness in order to avoid t6e ex9osed arris. <see fig. ,.-.1.-2=. ?6ere t6e fillet 4eld is a99lied to t6e rounded toe of a rolled section@ t6e s9ecified siBe of t6e 4eld s6all not exceed K of t6e t6ic*ness of t6e section at t6e toe. <see fig. ,.-.1.-=. ?6ere a fillet 4eld eDual in siBe to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e section at t6e toe of a rolled section or at t6e sDuare edge f a 9late is

$$%

<d=

reDuired@ t6e toe edge s6all .e s9eciall0 .uilt u9 4it6 4eld +etal in suc6 a +anner as to ensure full t6roat t6ic*ness@ full fusion area and no inCur0 to t6e 9arent +eta. <see fig. ,.-.15( : ,.-.1.-)=. ?6en fillet 4elds are a99lied to t6e edges of a 9late or section in +e+.ers su.Cect to d0na+ic loading@ t6e fillet 4eld s6all .e of full siBe@ t6at is@ its lengt6 eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9lates or section 4it6 t6e li+itation enu+erated a.ove in a@. and c.

-.%.1.( .

Hualit1 o4 >el3s.

,.-.1.5.1.

,.-.1.5.2.

-.%.1.+ .

"e4ecti8e >el3i0g.

,.-.1.(.1.

T6e 4eld +etal@ as de9osited s6all .e free fro+ crac*s@ slag inclusion@ gross 9orosit0@ cavities and ot6er de9osition faults. T6e 4eld +etal s6all .e 9ro9erl0 fused 4it6 9arent +etal 4it6out serious undercutting or overla99ing at t6e toes of t6e 4eld. T6e surface of t6e 4eld s6all 6ave a unifor+ and consistent contovr and regular a99earance. ?elds s6o4ing cavities or lac* of 9ro9er 9enetration and fusion or ot6er4ise found defective on ins9ection s6all .e cut out and re4elded at t6e cost of contractor. !ndercutting of t6e 9arent +etal s6all .e avoided@ and@ 46ere serious under cutting occurs@ t6e reduction s6all .e +ade good .0 additional 4eld +etal to t6e satisfaction of t6e Engineer@ at t6e cost of contractor.

$$'

-.%.$ O)*-ACET*!ENE AE!"IN# -.%.$.1. Scope. ,.-.1.1.1. T6e s9ecification cover t6e use of ox0acet0lene 4elding for structural 4or* in +ild steel. It does not a99l0 to structures co+9rising tu.ular +e+.ers. %ild 'teelEF %ild steel used for structural +e+.ers and connections s6all confor+ to I.'. 2/(2. >iller rodsE- >iller rods used in ox0acet0lene 4elding s6all confor+ to I.'. 12),. In t6e case 46ere 4elded Coints are lia.le to .e ex9osed to detri+ental conditions@ t6e Coining edges of t6e contact surfaces s6all .e sealed .0 4elding@ or t6e 9arts s6all .e effectivel0 connected .0 4elding so t6at t6e contact surfaces are securel0 6eld in contact to 9revent t6e entr0 of +oisture. 3re9aration of AointsE- Aoints for .utt 4elding s6all .e 9re9ared in accordance 4it6 t6e 9rocedure given in t6e ta.le attac6ed. T6e surfaces and t6eir di+ensions s6all .e so dis9osed as 4ill ena.le t6e filler rod to get an access to t6e surface and ena.le t6e 4elder to see clearl0 t6e 4or* in 9rogress. &einforce+entEutt 4eld in t6e 4elding of 9lates of eDual t6ic*ness s6all .e so .uilt u9@ t6at t6e effective t6roat t6ic*ness is greater t6an t6at of t6e 9arts Coined. 'uc6 increase in t6ic*ness s6all .e as follo4sEF Plate thic:0ess or E44ecti8e Throat thic:0ess !9to and including ( ++ <or L in= A.ove ( ++ <or L in= u9to and including 1/++ <or )N1( in= A.ove 1/++ <or )N1( in= Rei04orce/e0t

,.-.2.2.1.

-.%.$.$.

2aterials.

,.-.2.2.2.

-.%.$.%.

#e0eral.

,.-.2.-.1.

-.%.$.'.

Butt >el3s.

,.-.2.2.1.

,.-.2.2.2.

S.No.

1. 2.

1.5 to -./ ++ or <1N1(U to 1N,U= 1.5 to 2.5 ++ or <1N1(U to -N,U= 1.5 to ( ++ or <1N1(U to LU=

-.

$$(

,.-.2.2.-. <a=

uttE- ?elding of uneDual t6ic*nessE?6en t6e different .et4een t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 9arts to .e 4elded is +ore t6an ( ++@ t6e t6ic*er 9art s6all eit6er .e .eveled@ so t6at t6e slo9e of t6e surface fro+ one 9art to t6e ot6er is not stee9er t6an one in five <see fig. ,.-.2.1= .ut 46ere t6is o9eration is not 9ractica.le@ t6e 4eld +etal s6all .e .uilt u9 .et4een t6e t4o 9arts as s6o4n in fig. ,.-.2.-2@ 9rovided t6e t6ic*ness of t6e t6ic*er 9art is not +ore t6an 5/J greater t6an t6at of t6e t6inner 9art.

<.=

-.%.$.(.

Fillet >el3i0g.

,.-.2.5.1.

<a= <.= <c= ,.-.2.5.2.

,.-.2.5.-.

,.-.2.5.2.

?6ere a flus6 surface is reDuired@ .utt 4elding s6all first .e .uilt u9 as s9ecified a.ove and t6en rendered flus6. >illet 4elds s6all not .e carried out in an0 one of t6e follo4ing 9ositions if t6e t6ic*ness of eit6er of t6e 9arts to .e Coined exceed 5 ++. Over6ead 9osition. 1oriBontal Vertical 9osition. Vertical 9osition. >illet 4elds connecting steel 9arts@ t6e fusion faces of 46ic6 for+ an angle +ore t6an 12// or les t6an t6at s9ecified .elo4@ according to t6e 9osition of 4elding@ s6all not .e relied u9on to trans+it loading. >lat or #o4n 6and 4elding (// Vertical and 1oriBontal Vertical ?elding )// Over 6ead ?elding ,// Inter+ittent fillet 4elds +a0 .e used 46en continuous 4elds are not reDuired for strengt6 exce9t in case referred to under clause ,.-.1.2.2. T6e +ini+u+ leg lengt6 of a fillet 4eld as de9osited s6all not .e less t6an t6e

$$+

<a= <.=

,.-.2.5.5.

,.-.2.5.(.

-.%.$.+.

2etho3 o4 >el3i0g.

,.-.2.(.1.

-.%.$.,.

Proce3ure.

,.-.2.).1. <a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

<f=

,.-.2.).2.

s9ecified siBe. T6e t6roat of a filler 4eld as de9osited s6all co+9l0 4it6 t6e follo4ing reDuire+ent. It s6all not .e less t6an 'even tent6 of t6e siBe of fillet s9ecified. It s6all .e not less t6an 'ix tent6s nor +ore t6an nine tent6s of t6e +ini+u+ leg lengt6 as de9osited. In case side fillet 4elds are used in end connection@ t6e lengt6 of eac6 side fillet 4eld s6all not .e less t6an t6e distance .et4een t6e+. T6e longitudinal s9ace .et4een inter+ittent fillet 4elds s6ould not exceed 1( ti+es t6e t6ic*ness of t6e t6inner 9art in tension +e+.ers or 12 ti+es t6e t6ic*ness of t6e t6inner 9art in co+9ression +e+.ers. ?elding +a0 .e carried out in an0 one of t6e standard +et6ods exce9t t6at left 4ard 4elding s6all not .e used 46ere t6e t6ic*ness of 9arts to .e 4elded exceeds ( ++. 3re9aration .efore 4eldingEF T6e surfaces la0ing 4it6in 12 ++ <or M in= of t6e 4eld s6all .e freed of scale@ dirt@ grease 9aint and ot6er foreign +aterials .0 +eans of .rus6ing or scra99ing and surface .eing a99lied 4it6 linseed oil in order to 9revent it fro+ rusting. ?6erever 9ractica.le fusion faces +a0 .e cut .0 s6earing@ c6i99ing@ +ac6ining or +ec6anical gas cutting. Cut edge s6all .e clean and unifor+. ?elding eDui9+ent s6all .e in good condition and s6all ena.le t6e 4elder to +aintain t6e correct fla+e at all ti+es. T6e 9art to .e 4elded s6all .e securel0 6eld in t6eir correct relative 9osition during 4elding. 'ufficient staging and necessar0 9rotection@ as 4ill ena.le t6e 4elders to 9erfor+ t6e 4elding o9eration 9ro9erl0@ s6all .e 9rovided. In case t6e 9re9ared fusion face is irregular@ it s6all .e dressed .0 c6i99ing@ filing or grinding to t6e satisfaction of t6e Engineer. ?or*ingEF $$,

<a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

,.-.2.).-. <a= <.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

#e9osition of 4eld +etal s6all .e suc6@ t6at it ensure unifor+it0 and continuit0 of t6e 4eld@ an even contour of t6e surface@ regular finis6@ and 9ro9er fusion 4it6 t6e 9arent +etal. ?elding s6all .e suc6 t6at an even .ead of 9enetrated 4eld +etal for+s on t6e underside of a .utt 4eld. ?elds s6o4ing cavities or lac* of 9ro9er fusion s6all .e cut out and re4elded to t6e satisfaction of t6e Engineer. Care s6all .e ta*en to avoid under cutting and 46ere serious under cutting occurs@ t6e reduction s6all .e +ade good .0 additional 4eld +etal. T6e orifice of t6e 4elding noBBle s6all .e *e9t clean at all ti+es during t6e 4elding o9eration so t6at a regular and s0++etrical inner cone +a0 .e +aintained. ?elding fla+eEF >or +ild steel t6e fla+e s6ould .e natural. T6e office of t6e noBBle s6all .e *e9t clean at all ti+e during t6e 4elding o9eration so t6at a regular and s0++etrical inner cone +a0 .e +aintained. T6e fla+e s6all .e +ani9ulated so as to +aintain a 9uddle of +olten +etal of sufficient siBe 4it6out over6eating eit6er t6e 9arent +etal or t6e de9osited +etal. Excessive or unnecessar0 +ani9ulation@ 46ic6 agitates t6e 4eld +etal and ex9oses it to at+os96eric conta+ination@ s6all .e avoided. I+9urities encountered or 9roduced during t6e 4elding o9eration@ usuall0 a99earing as s+all 46ite s9ec*s@ glo.ules or fla*es@ s6all .e floated to t6e surface of t6e 4eld +etal .0 +elting .elo4 t6eir lodge+ent.

$$-

-.%.% AE!"IN# OF REINFORCE2ENT IN R.C. AOR9. -.%.%.1. Scope. ,.-.-.1.1. T6e s9ecification covers t6e use of ox0acet0lene and +etal are 4elding 9rocesses for t6e 4elding of +ild steel reinforce+ent used in &einforced concrete. >illet 4eldingEF >illet 4elding +a0 .e used for *ee9ing t6e cross reinforce+ent in correct 9osition in lieu of .inding 4ire. utt 4eldingE- utt 4elding s6all .e used for 4elding reinforcing .ars and unless ot6er4ise s9ecified it s6all .e carried out eit6er .0 ox0-acet0lene 4elding or .0 +etal arc 4elding 9rocess. 3arent %etalE T6e 9arent +etal s6all .e +ild steel confor+ing to I.'. 2-2. >iller rods and electrodesEF T6e filler rods and electrodes s6all .e of an a99roved +ar* confor+ing to an0 a99ro9riate Indian or .'. code and s6all satisf0 t6e follo4ing reDuire+entsEF !lti+ate strengt6 not less t6an 22 7gN'D. ++. ;ield 9oint not less t6an -1 7gN'D. ++. Elongation of a lengt6 eDual to -.52 ti+es t6e dia+eter of t6e rod not greater t6an 2/ 9ercent. IBod i+9act test 2 7g+. T6e electrodes s6all .e of t6e 6eavil0 coated t09e.

-.%.%.$.

#e0eral.

,.-.-.2.1.

,.-.-.2.2.

-.%.%.%.

2aterials.

,.-.-.-.1. ,.-.-.-.2. <a=

<i= <ii= <iii=

<iv= <.=

$$5

TA "E %AXI%!% 'IOE O> E"ECT&O#E' S.No. 1. 2. -. 2. "ia/eter o4 =ars i0 //. 12 to 25 25 to -2 <#ou.le evel= -2 to 5/ <#ou.le avel= 25 to 5/ 2a7i/u/ si;e o4 electro3e i0 //. -.25 2./( -.25 -.25 2./( 2.,)

-.%.%.'.

For/s o4 Butt>el3s

,.-.-.2.1.

utt 4elds s6all .e +ade in one of t6e for+s s6o4n in ta.le attac6ed and t6e di+ensions of ga9s@ root@ face angle of cut@ etc. s6all .e as s6o4n against eac6. &einforce+entE- T6e .utt 4eld s6all .e so .uilt u9 t6at t6e effective t6roat dia+eters is greater t6an t6e dia+eter of t6e .ars Coined. 'uc6 in-crease in dia+eter s6all not .e less t6an 1/ 9ercent and not +ore t6an 25 9ercent of t6e dia+eter of t6e .ars Coined. <'ee #rg. ,.-.-.-1=

,.-.-.2.2.

,.-.-.2.-.

T6e for+ and di+ensions of t6e 4eld surfaces s6all .e suc6 as 4ill 9rovide access for t6e electrodes or t6e filler +etal to t6e surface to .e 4elded@ and ena.le t6e 4elder to see clearl0 t6e 4or* in 9rogress. 3re9aration .efore 4eldingEF T6e surface to .e 4elded and t6e +aterial surrounding t6e 4eld for a +ini+u+ distance of 1.5. c+. '6all .e freed to scale@ dirt@ grease@ 9aints or ot6er surface de9osits .0 +eans of a 4ire .rus6.

-.%.%.(.

Aor:/a0ship.

,.-.-.5.1. <a=

$%6

<.=

>usion faces s6all .e 9re9ared .0 )6earing@ c6i99ing@ +ac6ining or gas cutting@ to t6e s6a9e@ s6o4n in t6e ta.le. ?elders s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 suc6 staging@ and necessar0 9rotection@ as 4ill ena.le t6e+ to 9erfor+ t6e 4elding o9eration 9ro9erl0. ?elding 9rocessEF All t6e .ars to .e .utt 4elded s6all .e aligned and set in 9osition 4it6 t6eir axes in one line@ eit6er .0 4iring to t6e ot6er reinforce+ent or .0 attac6+ent in a Cig or cla+9 or .0 use of standards and guides on a 9ucca 9latfor+. One of t6e .ars s6all 6ave freedo+ of +ove+ent@ in t6e direction of its axis to avoid residual stresses. ?elding current <voltage and A+9erage= and 9olarit0 s6all confor+ to t6e reco++endations of t6e +anufactures of t6e electrode@ .eing used. T6e are lengt6@ voltage and a+9erage s6all .e suited to t6e dia+eter of t6e .ar to .e 4elded. A single la0er of 4eld +etal@ 46et6er de9osited on one 9ass or +ade u9 of several .eads@ s6all not exceed - ++. In t6ic*ness. T6e electrode +ani9ulation 4elding s6all ensure t6atEF during

<c=

,.-.-.5.2. <a=

<.=

<d=

,.-.-.5.-. <i=

Co+9lete fusion .et4een t6e .ase +etal and t6e de9osited 4eld +etal is o.tained. T6e +elted .ase +etal is re9laced .0 4eld +etal so t6at no under cut re+ains along t6e edge of t6e finis6ed 4eld. >ull 9enetration into t6e root of 4eld is o.tained@ 'urface of t6e 4eld s6o4s regular and even ri99les and t6e edges of t6e 4eld +erge t6oroug6l0 4it6 t6e .ase +etal.

<ii=

<iii= <iv=

$%1

,.-.-.5.2.

All 4elding eDui9+ent s6all .e in good condition and ca9a.le of ena.ling t6e 4elder to 9rovide and +aintain t6e correct arc or fla+e at all ti+es. ?elding s6all .e carried out .0 ex9ert and Dualified 4elders. ?elders s6all .e tested .efore co++encing t6e 4or* and atleast ever0 t6ree +ont6s and 46en ever t6e t09e of electrode is c6anged. One 9ercent of t6e 4elds s6all .e tested to destruction of satisf0 t6at t6e 4elds stand u9 to t6e ulti+ate strengt6 of t6e .ars. T6e nu+.er of 4elds s6all enu+erated for eac6 dia. of .ars. .e

,.-.-.5.5.

-.%.%.+.

Test.

,.-.-.(.1.

-.%.%.,.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

,.-.-.).1.

>illet 4elding if carried in lieu of .inding 4ire s6all .e included in t6e rate for fa.rication of reinforce+ent.

$%$

TAB!E No. 1
PROCE" RE FOR O)*-ACET*!ENE B TT AE!"IN# (Fro/ I.S. 1%$%)

T1pe o4 @oi0tB e3ge Preparatio0

Thic:0ess Ra0ge KTL 1.( to -.2 ++. <or 1N1( to 1N,U= A.ove -.2 to , ++ <or a.ove 1N, to 5N1(U= A.ove -.2 to 5 ++. <or a.ove 1N, to -N1(U=

Positio0 o4 >el3i0g >lat or #o4n 6and. >lat or #o4n 1and. All 3osition Vertical.

Ael3i0g-Tech0i<ue "eft4are or >or4ard. &eig6t4ard or ac*4ard Or All 9osition &ig6t4ard. All 9osition &ig6t4ard. Vertical-one o9erator Vertical. T4o O9erators 'i+ultaneousl0 >ro+ o99osite sides. "eft4ard or for4ard. &ig6t 4ard or ac*4ard 1(++ <or 5N, in=

2i0i/u/ gap. KgL TN2

A0gle o4 2i0. -

E. 2a7. -

TN2

TN2 T

1.( to 5 ++ <or 1N1( to -1( in= A.ove 5 to 1( ++. <or a.ove -N( to 5N,U= A.ove -.2 to ( ++ <or 1N, to LU= ( ++. <or L in= and a.ove.

Vertical

TN2

>lat or #o4n 6and. >lat or #o4n 6and.

-.2 ++. <or 1N, in= ,//5// TN5 or -.2 ++. <or 1N,U= 46ic6ever

T1pe o4 @oi0tB e3ge Preparatio0

Thic:0ess Ra0ge KTL

Positio0 o4 >el3i0g

Ael3i0g-Tech0i<ue : over s6ould 9refer a.l0 .e 4elded .0 +ultilaver runs.

2i0i/u/ gap. KgL is less.

A0gle o4 2i0. (//

E. 2a7. )//

5 ++ <or -N1( in= a.ove ( ++ <or L in= a.ove

Vertical

One o9erator

-2. ++. Or <or 1N,U= (//

All 9osition

All 9osition rig6t 4ard <12 ++ or M in= and over@ s6ould 9refera.l0 .e 4elded .0 +ulti9la0er run. &ig6t4ard or ac*4ard -.2 to 2 ++. '+all V +ust .e 4elded first. Vertical T4o o9erations 'i+ultaneousl0 fro+ o99osite sides.

-.2 to 2 ++. <or 1N, to 5N-2 in= 5//

(//

1( ++ <or 5N,U= and a.ove

>lat or #o4n4ard

-.2 to 2 ++. <or 1N, to 5N-2U= (// ,// -.2 ++ <or 1N,U= (//

)// 5// )//

1( ++ <or 5N,U= and a.ove

Vertical

$%(

TAB!E No. $ S. No. T1pe "ia Ra0ge (") //

5 to 12 12 to -( 12 to -( 2, and a.ove 12 to -( 2, to a.ove , to 12

2i0 #ap (#) //

#N2 #N2 #N2 - to ( - to ( - to ( #N2

A0gle E (3)

Root o4 4acet //
None None %ax 1.( None - or less - or less None

"etails o4 Ael3s

1. 2. -. 2. 5. (. ).

'Duare utt ?eld 'ingle V utt ?eld 'ingle V utt ?eld #ou.le V utt ?eld 'ingle V utt ?eld #ou.le V utt ?eld 'ingle evel ?eld

(//-)// (//-)// (//-)// (// or +ore 5//-(// 25/

<a=

'ingle evel ?eld

, to 12

#N2

25/

None

,.

#ou.le evel ?eld

12 to -2

- to (

25/

- or less None

<a=

#ou.le evel ?eld

12 to -2

- to (

25/

5. <a=

'ingle V!W utt ?eld 'ingle V!W evel ?eld

12 to -2 12 to -2

- to ( - to (

25/ 25/ or +ore

- or less - or less

NoteEF T6e angle of cut given a.ove a99lies to +etal are 4elding in t6e flat 9osition. >or an0 ot6er 9osition of 4elding sa0 t6e 6oriBontal or t6e vertical 9osition or for ox0-acet0lene 4elding@ t6e angle +a0.e suita.le increased.

$%+

C&APTER-5-ROOFIN# 5.1 STONE S!AB ROOFIN# 5.1.1. Scope. 5.1.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding +aterials@ la0ing@ 9rotection@ 9lastering and 9ointing and +ode of +easure+ent of stone sla. roofing. 'tone 'la.sE $eneralEF T6e stone sla.s s6all .e 6an*ri@ Aod69ur@ %oda*@ %andal or of an0 ot6er 9lace as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities or as a99roved .0 t6e Executive Engineer. In case of Aod69ur stone sla.s onl0 VC6ittorW stone sla.s also *no4n as V'oor 'agarW sla.s s6all .e used. Hualit0E- T6e stone sla.s s6all .e free fro+ an0 crac*s or fine Coints <venis= loose +aterials or la+inations or an0 ot6er defects. #ressingE- At least one surface of t6e sla. s6all .e even@ suc6 t6at t6e de9t6 of t6e ga9 .et4een t6e surface and a straig6t edge 6eld against t6e surface in an0 direction s6all not .e +ore t6an 1/ ++. ?6en suc6 a surface is not o.tained in natural sla.s and t6e ceiling is not to .e 9lastered@ t6e uneven 9roCections s6all .e re+oved .0 c6isel dressing to t6e reDuire+ent given a.ove. ?6en t6e ceiling is to .e finis6ed 4it6 9laster t6e under surface s6all .e left as suc6@ 9rovided t6at no 9oint s6ould 6ave .us6ings +ore t6an 2 c+s. T6e t4o long edges s6all .e dressed true and sDuare so as to +a*e t6e+ straig6t 4it6 a 9er+issi.le de9ression of 1/ ++. ?6en a straig6t edge is 6eld over t6e surface. 5.1.2.1.2. 'iBe : '6a9eE- T6e sla. s6all .e sDuare 4it6 a 9er+issi.le deviation fro+ t6e rig6t angle not exceeding 1 in 15/. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e sla. for var0ing s9ans s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4E-

5.1.$.

2aterials.

5.1.2.1. 5.1.2.1.1.

5.1.2.1.2.

5.1.2.1.-.

$%,

TAB!E Thic:0ess o4 sla=s i0 c/s. 'ources "ess t6an 2+. 1. Aod69ur 6an*ri. 2. %oda* ) to , c+. <2KU--LU= Not less t6an ( c+. <2MU= Clear s9ans. 2+. and .elo4 2.5+ , to 5 c+. <-KU--LU= ( to ) c+. <1MU--U= 2.5 and .elo4 -+. 5 to 1/ c+. <-KU-2LU= ) to , c+. <-U--LU= -+. : .elo4 -.-+ 1/ to 11 c+. <2KU-2LU= , to 5 c+. <-LU--MU=

P 'tone sla. roofing a.ove -+. s9an s6ould onl0 .e allo4ed in exce9tional cases. NotesE <a= >or 9att0 sla. fro+ sources ot6er t6an +entioned a.ove@ t6e t6ic*ness of sla. s6all .e as given in sc6edule of Duantit0 or as s9ecified .0 t6e Executive Engineer. T6e t6ic*ness s9ecified a.ove are t6e least t6ic*ness at an0 section at t6e sla.. %ortarsEF Ce+ent sand +ortar for CointingE- T6e ce+ent sand +ortar s6all .e of 1E- <1 "i+e - 'ur*6i or sand= or as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities : s6all confor+ to s9ecification NO. -.-. "i+e +ortar for &alt6al : 76aranCaET6e li+e +ortar s6all .e 1E- <1 "i+e 'ur*6i or sand= or as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities : s6all confor+ to s9ecifications for li+e +ortar c6a9ter No.-. 'tone c6i9s for 76aranCaEF Hualit0E- T6e Dualit0 of stone for c6i9s s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.2. on X uilding stoneU. T6e stone c6i9s s6all .e 4edge li*e 9ieces@ t6eir t6ic*ness s6all not .e +ore t6an 2.5 c+.@ lengt6 .et4een 5 to ) c+s. And t6e de9t6 var0ing fro+ ( to 1/ c+s.

<.= 5.1.2.2. 5.1.2.2.1.

5.1.2.2.2.

5.1.2.-. 5.1.2.-.1.

$%-

#e9ending 76aranCa. 5.1.2.2. 5.1.2.2.1.

u9on

t6e

t6ic*ness

of

'tone aggregate for #6ar of Aod69ur 9racticeEHualit0E- T6e Dualit0 of stone aggregate s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.11 on aggregates. T6e aggregate siBe for t6e lo4er la0er s6all .e 25 to 2/ ++. And for t6e u99er la0er aggregate siBe s6all .e ( ++ to 1- ++. %aterial for #6arE"i+eE- "i+e s6all .e fat li+e and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.(. 'ur*6iE- 'ur*6i s6all '9ecification No. 2.5. 'andE'and s6all s9ecification No. 2.1,. confor+ confor+ to to

5.1.2.5. 5.1.2.5.1. 5.1.2.5.2. 5.1.2.5.-. 5.1.2.5.2.

Old li+e +ortarE- T6e old li+e +ortar s6all .e 9o4ered suc6 t6at all 4ill 9ass t6roug6 I.'. sieve 2.)5 ++. 'tone gritE- T6e grit s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.11. 1e+9E- 1e+9 s6all .e ne4 and of good Dualit0. T6is serves as a .inding and reinforcing in-gradient. 1alf of it 4ill .e c6o99ed to 2 to - c+. 3ieces and re+aining 6alf used as long strands. #ana %et6iE- T6e #ana %et6i flour s6all .e 9o4ered Cust li*e .arel0 flour <not fine li*e 46eat flour=. $ur or %olassesE- A solution of gur s6all .e 9re9ared .0 adding sufficient Duantit0 of 4ater and stirring 4ell so as not to leave an0 solid 9iece. 3ro9ortionsE- T6e 9ro9ortion of #6ar +ortar s6all .e one 9art fres6l0 sla*ed li+e 4it6 t4o 9arts sur*6i or and t4o 9art old li+e +ortar 9o4der and t4o 9arts of stone grit .0 volu+e.

5.1.2.5.5. 5.1.2.5.(.

5.1.2.5.).

5.1.2.5.,.

5.1.%.

Preparatio0 o4 2ortar.

5.1.-.1.

$%5

T6e follo4ing s6all .e reDuired for eac6 cu.ic +etre of fres6l0 sla*ed ti+eE1. 2. -. 1e+9. #ana %et6i $ur or %olasses ) 7g. ) 7g. ) 7g.

1alf of t6e 6e+9 s6all .e added 46ile 9re9aring d6ar and 6alf 46ile la0ing on t6e roof a.ove t6e 76aranCa. T6e sla*ed li+e is added in a s+all tan* called V1oudieW and t6e reDuisite Duantities of #ana %et6i flour and $ur solution added to t6e li+e in tan*. All t6ese are +ixed 4ell to give a unifor+ +ixture. T6e reDuisite Duantities of all@ li+e +ortar 9o4der@ sur*6i@ grit and c6o99ed 6e+9 <M of t6e total reDuired Duantit0= s6all .e added to li+e solution. T6ese ingredients s6all .e turned over and over 4it6 s9ades till a +ortar to unifor+ consistenc0 is o.tained. T6e +oisture is allo4ed to +ature for a 9eriod of a.out 12 6ours@ and +ortar s6all .e used 4it6in 22 6ours. 5.1.'. Beari0g o4 sla=s a03 le0gth. 5.1.2.1. End and side .earingsE- T6e +ini+u+ end .earing s6ould .e 15 c+. <no+.(U= at an0 9ont and so t6e lengt6 of 9atties s6ould .e a +ini+u+ of -/c+. %ore t6an t6e clear s9an. Inter+ediate 4alls and .ea+s etc. over 46ic6 t6e roof is continuous and no ex9ansion Coint is constructedI t6e end .earing s6all .e 6eld t6e 4idt6 of 4all or .ea+. T6e side .earing s6all not .e less t6an 1/ c+. T6e slo9e of t6e terrace s6all .e suc6 as to drain off 9ro+9tl0 all rain 4ater falling on t6e roof. T6e slo9e s6all not .e less t6an 1 in 5/ and as 9er a99roved dra4ing. T6e slo9e s6all generall0 .0 given in V&alt6alW V76aranCaW and V#6arW. 5.1.+. !a1i0g o4 sto0e sla= Roo4i0g. 5.1.(.1. "a0ing of sla.sE T6e sla.s s6all .e laid in t6e +anner indicated in t6e detailed $'6

5.1.(.

Slope o4 Terrace.

dra4ings or as directed .0 Engineer-inc6arge. T6e even surface .eing *e9t do4n4ards and t6e la0ing s6all start fro+ t6e end 4alls. In an0 s9an t6e first and last sla. s6all overla9 on t6e non.earing 4alls atleast 1/ c+s. T6e ot6er sla.s s6all .e laid a.utting eac6 ot6er closel0. T6e ga9 .et4een t6e sla.s s6all not .e +ore t6an 2.5 c+s. At an0 9oint. After t6e sla.s 6ave .een laid in 9osition on 4all or on srivan 4it6 li+e +ortar 1E-@ t6e0 s6all .e su99orted 9ro9erl0 .0 cross .ea+s and .ullies to avoid .rea*ages and su.seDuent accidents. 5.1.(.2. Aointing sla.s 4it6 stone c6i9s and ce+ent +ortarE?ooden stri9s a.out 5 c+s@ 4ide s6all .e sus9ended .elo4 t6e Coints of sla.s touc6ing t6eir underside. T6e Coints s6all .e filled 4it6 ce+ent sand +ortar 1E2 9ac*ed 4it6 stone c6i9s of 4edge s6a9e@ and to9 finis6ed round 4it6 ce+ent sand +ortar 1E2 so as to 9roCect little a.ove t6e sla.s. T6e Coints s6all .e cured for a +ini+u+ of ) da0s or until t6e &alt6al is started 46ic6 ever is earlier. T6e s9ace left over t6e 4alls .et4een t6e sla.s 46ere t6e roof is continuous s6all .e filled 4it6 ce+ent concrete of grade %. 15/. 5.1.(.-. "a0ing &alt6alE- T6e to9 surface of sla. 46ic6 +a0 .e uneven due to t6e uneDual t6ic*ness of sla.s or uneven surface or .ot6 s6ould .e leveled .0 stone c6i9s laid flat in li+e +ortar 1E- and cured for a +ini+u+ of ) da0s or until t6e 76aranCa 4or* is started 46ic6 s6all not .e done earlier t6an t4o da0s after t6e la0ing of &alt6al. T6e surface s6ould .e c6ec*ed for evenness .0 a straig6t edge. 5.1.(.2. "a0ing 76aranCaE- X76aranCaW s6all t6en .e laid over t6e &alt6al in an average t6ic*ness of 1/ c+s. A la0er of t6e stone $'1

c6i9s on edges s6all .e laid close to eac6 ot6er to +a*e sDuare 9anel of siBe not +ore t6an (/ c+ sides. T6e sDuare 9anels s6all t6en .e 9ac*ed 4it6 stone c6i9s laid as a.ove in t6e for+ of circular or s9iral rings and t6e central stone c6i9s 4edged. It s6ould .e ensured 46ile la0ing stone c6i9s t6at t6e +ortar rises verticall0 in t6e Coints u9to a 6eig6t a.out 1 c+. elo4 t6e surface of 76aranCa. T6e co+9lete surface s6ould .e c6ec*ed u9 for slo9e and evenness 4it6 a straig6t edge and s9rit level. T6e finis6ed surface s6all slo9e evenl0 fro+ all sides to4ards rain 4ater s9outs. It s6all .e cured for a +ini+u+ 9eriod of 1/ da0s@ and t6an allo4ed to dr0. 5.1.(.5. "a0ing &oof >inis6E- T6e roof finis6 s6all .e an0 of t6e follo4ing or as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. 5.1.(.5.1. #6ar <Aai9ur 3ractice=E- T6e average t6ic*ness of V#6arU s6all .e , c+s. <consolidated t6ic*ness=. T6e 9re9ared V#6ar %ortarW s6all .e laid over t6e V76aranCaW to 6alf t6e reDuired t6ic*ness and 6e+9 laid in +es6 for+. Anot6er la0er of +ortar s6all t6en .e laid to +a*e u9 t6e re+aining t6ic*ness and slo9e and .eaten 4it6 .a+.oo .attens <s9lits= for eig6t to ten 6ours or until t6e surface is covered 4it6 crea+ of li+e and .eco+es sufficient 6ard suc6 t6at t6e .a+.oo s9lits do not +a*e dee9 i+9ressions over it. T6e surface s6ould .e c6ec*ed fro+ ti+e to ti+e for evenness and slo9e 4it6 a straig6t edge and s9irit level and an0 unevenness corrected .0 adding so+e +ore +ortar. ?6en .attens .eatings is over t6e surface s6all .e .eaten 4it6 4ooden t6a9ies for a.out 5 da0s or till t6e surface .eco+es 6ard enoug6 to re.ound t6e t6a990 46en t6e sa+e is struc* on it. #uring t6e a.ove .eating@ t6e surface s6all .e s9rin*led 4it6 4ater $'$

5.1.(.5.1.

and if found necessar0 4it6 li+e 4ater. As soon as t6e .eating is over t6e surface s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 a solution of $ur and $ugal in t6e ratio of /.5 7g. Eac6 for ever0 1// sD. +etre of surface T6e surface s6all .e c6ec*ed u9@ for slo9e and evenness 4it6 a straig6t edge and s9rit level. 5.1.(.5.2. <a= #6ar <Aod69ur 3ractice=E>irst da0 unslac*ed li+e 1/ c+ in t6ic*ness s6all .e s9read over t6e sla.s and 4ell slac*ed and 4atered and t6en .eaten 4it6 conical stones .0 6and so t6at no 9articles of li+e re+ain unslac*ed to cause .listers. 'econd da0 it s6all .e 4ell 4atered and ra*ed u9 follo4ing t6e first da0 9rocess. T6ird da0 1e+9 25/ g+s. <finel0 c6o99ed=@ +et6i )5/ g+s. >inel0 9o4ered@ 9er 1/ sD. +etre s6all .e evenl0 and t6oroug6l0 +ixed 4it6 t6e 9lastic li+e. ?as6ed stone .ro*en +etal or siBe not +ore t6an 25 ++. To 2/++. Cu.ical s6ould .e 9ut in a la0er of not less t6an 1/c+. In t6ic*ness and t6en 4ell .eaten 4it6 conical stones .0 6and and t6e +etal co+9actl0 e+.edded. >ourt6 da0 clean s6ar9 stone@ s+all gravel@ ( ++ to 1- ++. Cu.ical s6all t6en .e 9ut over t6is .ig +etal in 2/ ++. T6ic* la0er and 4ell .eaten@ first 4it6 stone .eaters and t6en .0 6and till t6e0 are 4ell set. T6e t6ic*ness of t6us 9re9ared terrace s6all not .e .elo4 15c+. After a.out a 4ee* later@ fres6 li+e s6all .e sla*ed and 9assed t6roug6 a ver0 fine sieve. At nig6t it s6all .e 4ell 4atered. In t6e +orning t6is fine li+e s6all .e s9read and ru..ed over t6e roof terrace for full four 6ours or +ore. #uring t6e 9rocess of ru..ing@ a decoctions of gugal 25/ g+.@ Cagger0 (5g+.@ 9er 1/ sD. +etre s6all .e s9rin*led ever0 not and t6en and t6e surface ru..ed 4it6 a

<.= <c=

<d=

<e=

$'%

4ooden tro4el and t6us finis6ed. 5.1.(.5.-. Ot6er t09es as given se9aratel0@ in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. NoteE- T6e &alt6al@76aranCa and #6ar s6all .e laid over sla.s rig6t u9 to its edges on all 4alls including under 9ara9et. 5.1.,. Curi0g. T6e financial surface s6all .e covered 4it6 da+9 sand or Cute .ags *e9t +oist@ or t6e surface +a0.e s9rin*led 4it6 4ater several ti+es so as to *ee9 it constantl0 4et for atleast a fortnig6t. After t6e co+9letion of roof finis6 t6e 9ro9os s6all .e re+oved. T6e 4or*+ans6i9 and +aterial s6all .e suc6 so as to 9rovide a lead 9roof roof and not6ing stated a.ove s6all a.solve t6e contractor of res9onsi.ilit0 fro+ 9roviding a 4ater tig6t lea* 9roof roof. In case an0 lea*age occur@ t6is s6all .e +ade good .0 contractor at 6is ex9enses and la.our. T6e under ceiling s6all eit6er .e 9lastered or 9ointed as s9ecified in t6e descri9tion of ite+ in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. 2.2 or 2.(. 5.1.11.1. T6e roof s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres@ t6e t6ic*ness .eing s9ecified. &oofing over clear s9ans less t6an 2 +etres@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ t6ose s9anning 2 +etres and a.ove. T6e clear +easure+ents of roof .et4een t6e 4alls s6all .e ta*en@ 46en t6e 4alls over t6e .earings are ta*en a.ove roof level. In case 46ere t6e roof is continuous and no 4alls exists over t6e 4alls t6e clear +easure+ents of roof inclusive of 4all t6ic*ness s6all .e +easured. Extra lift a.ove 5 +etres 6eig6t of roof fro+ t6e existing or 9ro9osed ground level 46ic6ever is 6ig6er s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0 in stages of 5 +eters.

5.1.-. 5.1.5.

Re/o8al o4 Props. Tests.

5.1.16.

Plasteri0g a03 Poi0ti0g.

5.1.11.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

5.1.11.2.

5.1.11.-.

$''

5.$ #!AEANISE" CORR #ATE" STEE! S&EET ROOFIN#. 5.$.1. Scope. 5.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding +aterials@ la0ing@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of galvanised corrugated steel s6eet roofing. . '6eetsE- T6e $.C.'. s6eets s6all confor+ in all res9ect to I.'. 2))-15(2. Ordinaril0 t6e s6eets used for roofing s6all .e of 1./ ++ to /.(- ++ t6ic*ness@ 1., +. to -.2. +. <(W-1/W= lengt6@ de9ending u9on t6e s9an of 9urlins@ 4ind loads@ and 46et6er tiles used over s6eets for insulations. T6e t6ic*ness s6all .e stated in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. Hualit0E- T6e s6eet s6all .e free fro+ t4ist or .uc*le and s6all 6ave unifor+ corrugation true in de9t6 : 9itc6 and 9arallel to t6e sides of t6e s6eet. T6e galvanis6ing s6all .e clean@ even and free fro+ un-galvanised s9ots and ot6er defects. Oinc coatingE- T6e 4eig6t of coating referred to in t6is s9ecification s6all re9resent t6e total 4eig6t of Binc .ot6 sides inclusive. T6e follo4ing li+its of Binc coating s6all a99l0 to t6e different classes of s6eets. Extra 6eav0 coating of Binc s6all on an average .e not less t6an 2.5/ oBNsft or )5/ g+sNsD+. 1eav0 coating of Binc s6all on an average .e not less t6an 2.5/ oBNsft or (// g+sNsD+. %ediu+ coating of Binc s6all on an average .e not less t6an 1.5/ oBNsft or 25/ g+NsD+. "ig6t coating of Binc no+inal -)5 g+NsD+. On an0 rando+ sa+9le selected fro+ a deliver0@ in accordance 4it6 t6e I.'. 2))@ t6e coating s6all .e not less t6an

5.$.$.

2aterials.

5.2.2.1.

5.2.2.2.

5.2.2.-.

Class 1E-

Class 2E-

Class -E-

Class 2E-

$'(

,/J of t6e average s9ecified for t6e class to 46ic6 t6e sa+9le .elongs. 5.$.%. Purli0 Spaci0g. T6e 9urline 4ill .e one at t6e ridge end ot6er at t6e eaves@ t6e s9acing .eing not +ore t6an as given ta.le .elo4E3urlin s9acing &oofing 4it6 s6eets onl0. &oofing 4it6 %anglore tiles over s6eets or an0 ot6er covering. 1.,/ + 1.5/ + 1.2/ + 1.2/ +

'6eet t6ic*ness in ++ <a99. '6eet gauge=

1.25 ++ <1, gauge= 1.// ++ <2/ gauge= /.,/ ++ <22 gauge= /.(- ++ <22 gauge=

2.2/ +etres 2.// +etres 1.,/ +etres 1.(/ +etres

T6e 9urlin s6ould fall in t6e center line of end la9s. T6e ridge 9urlin s6ould .e 9laced in suc6 a 4a0 t6at t6e ridge can .e fixed 9ro9erl0. T6e 9ortion over6anging t6e 4all su99ort s6ould not .e +ore t6an Lt6 of t6e s9acing of t6e 9urlin. 5.$.'. Slope. T6e roof s6ould .e laid in a slo9e as 9rovided in t6e dra4ing or as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. <a= T6e end la9 s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+. <(U= and t6e la9 s6all extend over one corrugation. T6e la9s for t6e ridges@ 6i9s and valle0s s6all .e a +ini+u+ of 2/ c+. T6e s6eeting s6all .e .uilt at least 5 c+. Into t6e 4all against 46ic6 it a.uts and a dri9 course s6all .e 9rovided covering t6e Cunctions .0 at least 5 c+. T6e dri9 course s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0.

<.= <c=

$'+

5.$.+.

!a1i0g a03 Fi7i0g o4 #al8a0ise3 Corrugate3 Steel Sheet.

5.2.(.1.

1olesE- 1oles for receiving and fixing accessories s6all .e drilled <not 9unc6ed= fro+ .elo4 u94ards@ so t6at t6e aris s6all .e at t6e to9. Care s6ould .e ta*en t6at t6e 6oles are on t6e ridges or cro4n of t6e corrugations 46en t6e s6eets are laid. T6e 6oles s6all .e +ade suiting t6e 9osition of 9urlins. >or t6is it is necessar0 t6at t6e 6oles are drilled after t6e s6eets are set in 9osition. T6e 6oles s6all .e one at eac6 side la9 and free edges@ one in t6e center of t6e 4idt6 on eit6er neares ridge. >or Cointing t6e s6eet at t6e side la9s t6e 6oles s6ould not .e +ore t6an -/ c+ <12U= a9art divided eDuall0 according to t6e s9acing of 9urlins. T6e s6eet s6ould also .e Cointed at t6e ridge and eave ends and t6e 6oles s6ould .e at 5 c+ distance fro+ t6e edges.

5.2.(.2.

>asteningsE- At t6e ends t6e s6eet s6all .e Cointed 4it6 $.I. scre4 5 c+. long <46en 4ooden 3urlins are used= or 6oo* .olts and or 6oo* .olts and or 6oo* .olts and nuts of , ++ <5N1(U= dia or +ore@ of 9ro9er lengt6 and lead 4as6er@ unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. At t6e side la9s t6e s6eet s6all .e fastened 4it6 2/ ++. (.- ++. %us6-roo+ 6eaded .olts@ nuts and lead 4as6ers. T6e .olts and scre4s etc. s6ould .e set in 46ite lead. ?6en $.I. 4as6ers are used instead of lead 4as6ers a felt 4as6er .eneat6 t6e+@ s6all .e 9rovided. &idges@ 6i9s and valle0sE- T6e ridges and 6i9s are to .e of /.,/ ++ t6ic*ness@ 9lan galvanised steel s6eeting 4it6 2/ c+. "a9 on eac6 side and securel0 fastened to t6e 9urlins <T6e lengt6 of t6e .olts or scre4 s6ould .e suita.l0 increased= so as to 9revent t6e rain fro+ driving under it. Valle0s s6all .e (/ c+. ?ide t6e fixed as a.ove. T6e ridges@ 6i9s and valle0s s6all .e 9aid for se9aratel0.

5.2.(.-.

$',

5.2.(.2.

?ind TiesE- In t6e 4indl0 or ex9osed 9osition it is necessar0 to fasten do4n t6e s6eets at t6e eaves and ga.les .0 continuous lengt6 of eit6er 4ooden .atten 5c+X2.5 c+ or steel flat 5/++ x ( ++. ?6ic6 s6all .e fir+l0 fastened do4n to t6e 9urlins 4it6 t6e .olts or scre4. <t6e lengt6 increased suita.l0=. T6e 9urlins s6ould .e secured .0 .olting t6e+ do4n to t6e +asonr0 9ortion or ot6er 9arts. T6e 6olding do4n .olts for 9urlins@ and 4ind tie s6all .e +easured and 9aid for se9aratel0. T6e roofing s6all .e +easured as t6e surfacial area along t6e incline in sDuare +etres. It s6all .e +easured flat and not along t6e girt6s or corrugation and s6all .e +easured 4it6out an0 allo4ance for la9s and e+.ed+ent into t6e 4all excluding t6e la9s for ridges@ 6i9s and valle0s. O9enings u9 to /.2 sD+. '6all not .e deducted and no cutting for for+ing suc6 o9enings s6all .e +easured. 3ortions of roof s6eets e+.edded in 4alls s6all not .e +easured. '6eeting .ent to a curvature s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Vertical s6eeting and s6eeting to 9itc6 exceeding (// s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. &idges@ 6i9s@ valle0s@ 4ind ties s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0 in linear units.

5.$.,.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<i=

<ii= <iii= <iv=

<v=

$'-

5.% ASBESTOS CE2ENT S&EET ROOFIN#. 5.%.1. Scope. 5.-.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ent regarding +aterials@ 6andlings@ storage@ la0ing@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of As.estos Ce+ent '6eet &oofing. T6e As.estos ce+ent s6eet to .e used s6all .e of t6e t09e < ig six or Trafford= as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer or as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. T6e t6ic*ness s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all co+9l0 4it6 t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. No. 255-1555. T6e s6eets s6all .e free fro+ 6oles and crac*s. T6e surface of t6e s6eets s6all .e of unifor+ texture and s6all 6ave neatl0 tri++ed edges. '6eet and accessories found to .e crac*ed after fixing s6all .e re9laced .0 ne4 ones@ .0 t6e contractor 4it6out an0 extra c6arges. 5.%.%. &a03li0g a03 Storage. T6e as.estos ce+ent s6eets s6all .e 6andled and stored in t6e +anner so as not to inCure t6e s6eets in an0 4a0. All .0 t6e contractor. T6e s6eets s6all .e stac*ed on fir+ and level ground laid on 4ooden .attens as 9er t6e +et6ods s9ecified .0 t6e +anufacturers and 9rotected fro+ da+ages. ?6en t6e0 are stac*ed for good lengt6 of ti+e@ t6e0 s6all .e stored under cover. 5.-.2.1. End "a9sE- T6e end la9 s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+. <(U=. In case of roof 4it6 a 9itc6 flatter t6an 22M/ or in t6e case of ex9osed 9osition a99ro9riatel0 larger@ t6e la9s s6all .e 9rovided as directed .0 t6e Engineer inc6arge. 'ide "a9sE- T6e side la9 s6all .e of 6alf corrugation in case of ig 'ix T09e and one corrugation in case of Trafford T09e. T6e side la9 s6ould as for as 9ossi.le .e s6eltered fro+ t6e 9revailing 4ind direction. In t6e case of Trafford t09e t6e left 6and s+all corrugation of eac6 s6eet s6all .e covered .0 t6e rig6t 6and corrugation of next s6eet.

5.%.$.

2aterials.

5.%.'.

!aps.

5.-.2.2.

$'5

5.%.(.

Spaci0g o4 Purli0s.

T6e follo4ing +axi+u+ s9acings of 3urlins for corrugated and se+icorrugated s6eet are reco++ended. T6ic*ness of '6eet No+. ( ++ <LU= No+. ) ++ <5N-2 in= #istance .et4een 9urlins@ center to center. 12/ c+. 1)/ c+.

>or side cla99ing t6e s9acing reco++ended a.ove s6ould .e increased .0 -/ c+. 'i+ilarl0 46en a course of s6ort s6eet necessitating closer 9urlin s9acing is reDuired to +a*e u9 a roof slo9e@ it s6all .e 9refera.le to arrange closer 9urlin s9acings at t6e caves rat6er t6an at t6e ridge for 9roviding additional su99ort 46ere it is +ost reDuired. Additional tri++ers or .ridging s6all .e used .et4een 9urlins at all 9oints 46ere considera.le roof traffic is li*el0 to occur e.g. adCoining valle0 or .ox gutters@ .elo4 glaBing and around c6i+ne0s@ ventilators or ot6er u9ta*es. T6is s6all .e done .ot6 on ne4 roof and 46ile re9airing existing roofs. 5.%.+. !a1i0g a03 Fi7i0g o4 A.C. Sheet Roo4i0g. 5.-.(.1. ig 'ix <corrugated= '6eetE- T6e s6eets s6all .e laid 4it6 t6e s+oot6 side u94ards. 8 ig 'ix8 s6eet s6all nor+all0 .e laid fro+ left to rig6t starting at t6e caves. T6e first s6eet s6all .e laid uncut@ .ut t6e re+aining s6eets in t6e .otto+ ro4 s6all 6ave t6e to9 left 6and corners cut or 8+itred8. T6e s6eet in t6e second and ot6er inter+ediate ro4s 4ill 6ave t6e .otto+ rig6t 6and corner@ of t6e first s6eet cut. All ot6er s6eets exce9t t6e last s6all 6ave .ot6 t6e .otto+ rig6t 6and corner : to9 left 6and corner cut. t6e last s6eet s6all 6ave onl0 t6e to9 left 6and corner cut. T6e last or to9 ro4 s6eets s6all 6ave t6e .otto+ rig6t 6and corner cut 4it6 t6e exce9tion of t6e last s6eet 46ic6 s6ould .e laid uncut. If t6e s6eet are laid fro+ rig6t to left t6e 46ole 9rocedure s6all .e reversed.

$(6

T6e G+itredG descri.ed a.ove is necessar0 to 9rovide a snug fit 46ere four s6eets +eet as a la9. It is cur fro+ a 9oint 15 c+. <(G= u9 t6e vertical side of t6e s6eet to a 9oint 25 ++. <1KG= along t6e 6oriBontal edge. t6is cutting s6all .e done 4it6 an ordinar0 4ood sa4 at site. T6e s6eet s6all t6en .e fixed 4it6 all 9urlins 4it6 a99ro9riate fixing accessories 9roviding one on eit6er side of t6e side la9s at t6e Verges. 5.-.(.2. 'e+i-corrugated <Trafford '6eets=E- T6e s6eets s6all .e laid 4it6 t6e s+oot6 side u94ards. All s6eets 6ave one +ar*ed to9 on t6e s+oot6 side of s6eet. T6is end s6all al4a0s 9oint to4ards t6e ridge. T6ese s6eets s6all .e laid fro+ rig6t to left starting at t6e eaves. T6e first s6eet s6all .e laid uncut@ .ut t6e re+aining@ s6eets in t6e .otto+ ro4 s6all 6ave t6e to9 rig6t 6and cuts or +itred. T6e s6eets in t6e second and ot6er inter+ediate ro4s s6all 6ave t6e .otto+ left 6and corner of t6e first s6eet cut. All ot6er s6eet exce9t t6e last s6eet s6all 6ave .ot6 t6e .otto+ left 6and corner t6e to9 rig6t 6and corner cut. T6e last s6eet s6all 6ave onl0 t6e to9 rig6t 6and corner cut. T6e last or to9 ro4 s6eet s6all 6ave t6e .otto+ left 6and corner cut 4it6 t6e exce9tion of t6e last s6eet 46en s6all .e laid uncut. T6e 8+itred8 descri.ed a.ove is necessar0 to 9rovide a snug fit 46ere four s6eet +eet at a la9. T6e lengt6 of t6e G+itreG s6all .e 15 c+. <(G eDual to t6e end la9= and t6e 4idt6 is eDual to t6e 4idt6 of t6e corrugation. T6is cutting or +itering s6all .e done 4it6 an ordinar0 sa4. T6e s6eet s6all t6en .e fastened to t6e 9urlins as .elo4. T6e fixing accessories s6ould .e 9rovided one for eac6 extre+e corrugations of all t6e s6eets <t6at is at all t6e side la9s and at t6e verges=. esides a.ove +ore fixture s6all .e 9rovided in an0 of t6e inter+ediate corrugations and staggered in t6e 9lan. 5.-.(.-. &idgesE- T6e 9urlins at t6e ridge s6ould

$(1

.e so s9aced t6at t6e ridge 9iece +a0 .e fixed to t6e+ 9ro9erl0. '6eets 4ill .e laid carefull0 4it6 an overla9 of 1/ c+s. T6e ridge .eing fixed 4it6 sa+e accessories <t6e lengt6 increased suita.l0= 4it6 46ic6 t6e s6eets are fixed. T6e ridges are 9aid for se9aratel0. 5.-.(.2. ?ind tiesE- In t6e 4indl0 or ex9osed 9ositions it is necessar0 to fasten do4n t6e s6eets at t6e eaves and ga.les .0 continuous lengt6 of eit6er 4ooden .atten 5c+ x 2.5 c+. or steel flat 5/ ++ x (./ ++. fir+l0 fastened do4n to t6e 9urlins 4it6 sa+e fixing accessories 46ic6 fasten t6e s6eets. T6e 9urlins s6ould .e secured .0 .olting t6e+ do4n to +asonr0 9ortion or ot6er 9arts. T6e 4ind ties and 6olding do4n dolts s6all .e 9aid for se9aratel0. >ixingEF As.estos ce+ent s6eets s6all .e cut out 4it6 a 4ooden sa4 and 6oles to .e drilled 4it6 a 8.race and t4ist drill8. T6e 6oles for fixing s6all never .e 9unc6ed and s6all .e - ++ over siBe. T6e 6oles s6all al4a0s .e drilled fro+ .otto+ to to9 t6roug6 t6e cro4n of t6e corrugation and reversion t6e flats or valle0s. olts and coac6 scre4s s6all .e ,++ dia 9ro9erl0 galvanised. A. .olts s6all .e used for ti+.er 9urlins@ &.'.A. c6annel and 9recast 9urlins. T6e nuts of t6e 6oo* .olts@ cran* .olts or 6eads of coac6 scre4s s6ould .ears on a galvanised iron flat 4as6er 46ic6 is turn s6all .e .edded on an GEverestG or ot6er a99roved t09e .itu+en 4as6er. T6e scre4 .olt s6all .e tig6tened sufficientl0 onl0 to seat t6e .itu+en 4as6er over t6e corrugations. Care s6ould .e ta*en so as not to deflect s6eets at t6e inter+ediate 9urlins is an atte+9t to +a*e t6e s6eets .ear on suc6 $($

5.-.(.5. <a=

<.= <c=

<d=

<e=

<f=

<g=

9urlins. <6= &idge ca99ings@ s6all .e for as 9ossi.le@ .e secured to t6e ridge 9urlins .0 t6e sa+e .olt 46ic6 secure t6e s6eeting. ?6en corrugated s6eets are to .e used on large roofs in 46ic6 t6ere is li*el0 to .e so+e +ove+ents of t6e structure due to variations in cli+atic conditions@ it is i+9ortant t6at t6e ex9ansion Coints s6all .e inserted in t6e s6eet to 9er+it an0 suc6 +ove+ent .eing ta*en u9 at intervals as directed .0 t6e Engineer-inc6arge. T6e sa+e s6all .e 9aid for se9aratel0. <a= T6e corrugated t6e se+i-corrugated s6eeting s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres 4it6out an0 allo4ance for la9s. Vertical s6eeting and s6eeting and s6eeting laid to 9itc6 exceeding (// s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Curved s6eeting s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e ridges and 6i9s s6all .e given in running +etres and +easured se9aratel0. 3ortions of roof covered .0 ridges and 6i9s coverings s6all .e included in t6e +easure+ents of roof. 3ortions of roof covering e+.edded in 4all s6all not .e +easured. O9ening u9 to /.2 sD+. s6all not .e deducted : no cutting for for+ing suc6 o9ening s6all .e +easured.

5.%.,.

E7pa0sio0 Doi0t.

$.%.-.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<.= <c= <d=

<e= <f=

$(%

5.' DAC9 ARC& ROOFIN#. 5.'.1. Scope. 5.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ent regarding +aterials@ centering@ 9ainting@ la0ing@ curing and +ode of +easure+ent of Aac* Arc6 &oofing. AoistsEF T6e &olled 'teel Aoists su99orting Aac* terracing s6all generall0 .e 9laced at a distance of 1 to 1.2 +etres a9art .ut s6all never exceed 2 +etres according to t6e circu+stances and s6all .e of t6e section s9ecified and free fro+ rust and ot6er defects. ric*sE- Onl0 4ell .runt first class .ric*s s6all .e used for .uilding@ Aac*arc6es. T6e0 s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.-.2. T6e centering +a0 .e +ade on 9illars .uilt u9 fro+ t6e ground or +a0 .e sus9ended fro+ t6e roof .ea+s. In t6e latter case@ t6e cross ti+.er carr0ing t6e centering s6all .e sus9ended fro+ t6e outer flanges of t6e .ea+s .0 +eans of stout 6oo* .olts of sDuare cross section@ to 9revent t6e .ea+s .eing dis9laced .0 t6e t6rust of t6e arc6 due to t6e centering under its load. T6e to9 surface of t6e centering s6all .e s+oot6 and to t6e correct curvature and s6all .e covered 4it6 close .oarding or suc6 so as to 9revent t6e +ortar running t6roug6 t6e Coints. O4n ex9ense for c6ec*ing t6e curvature. T6e courses of .ric*s 4or* s6all .e +ar*ed out on t6e surface of centering. No centering s6all in an0 4a0 .e attac6ed to t6e tie rods nor s6all an0 4eig6t of t6e centering co+e on t6e tie rods. 5.'.'. Pai0ti0g. All steel .ea+s@ tie rods@ etc. s6all .e t6oroug6l0 freed fro+ rust .0 +eans of 4ire .rus6ing. T6e 9ortions of .ea+s@ tie rods and 4all 9lates to .e ex9osed .efore .eing erected s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 t4o coats of red lead 9aint. T6e 9arts of t6e roof .ea+s@ tie-rods and 4all 9lates 46ic6 are to .e e+.edded in +asonr0 s6all .e co+9letel0 set in and 9ro9erl0 covered 4it6 neat ce+ent to

5.'.$.

2aterials.

5.2.2.1.

5.2.2.2.

5.'.%.

Ce0teri0g.

$('

9revent corrosion and t6e a.utting course of +asonr0 +ust .e set in ce+ent +ortar or as ordered .0 t6e Engineer. All steel Coints 46ere encased s6ould .e encased in ce+ent concrete $rade % 15/ 4it6 a +ini+u+ cover of 2 c+s. 5.'.(. Rise a03 Thic:0ess. T6e Cac*-arc6 s6all .e .uilt in t6e for+ of a seg+ent of a circle 4it6 a rise of a.out 1N, of s9an. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e arc6 s6all not .e less t6an 1/ c+. <2G= 46en .uilt 4it6 .urnt cla0 .ric*s. 5.2.(.1. Tie rods s6all .e 9rovided at designed s9acing as s6o4n in t6e dra4ing. Tie rods s6all not .e less t6an 12 ++. in dia+eter. T6e tie rods s6all .e 9laced generall0 not less t6an ).2 c+. <-G= a.ove t6e .otto+ of t6e Coist and t6eir s9acing s6all not exceed +ore t6an 2/ ti+es t6e 4idt6 of t6e Coist. T6ese rods s6all .e 9ro9erl0 anc6ored. >or anc6oring tie rods into t6e end 4alls@ a se9arate encased .ea+ +a0 .e used@ in case@ t6e t6ic*ness of t6e 4alls is not sufficient to afford full anc6orage .0 ot6er +eans. In a series of Cac* arc6es@ t6e tie rods s6all .e 9rovided in t6e end s9aces onl0. ?6en t6e end s9aces are s6orter t6an t6e central s9an@ t6e tie rods s6all .e 9rovided for atleast t4o or +ore s9ans near t6e ends. Tie roes +ust .e 9ut in 9lace and t6e nuts tig6tened u9 correctl0 .efore t6e centering are fixed. T6e .ric*s for t6e s9ringing course s6all eit6er .e +oulded to s6a9e or cut to te+9late on t6e ground in sufficient nu+.er .efore t6e 4or* is co++enced. 5.2.,.1. ric* 4or*E- T6e .ric* 4or* s6all co+9l0 in ever0 res9ect 4it6 s9ecification No. (., on ric* ?or*. In arc6es .ric* s6all .e laid 4it6 t6eir .ed faces <15 c+.= nor+al to t6e trust of t6e arc6 in t6e +ortar +ade of goods 60draulic li+e or fat li+e +ixed 4it6

5.'.+.

Tie Ro3s.

5.2.(.2.

5.2.(.-.

5.2.(.2.

5.2.(.5.

5.'.,.

Spri0gi0g.

5.'.-.

!a1i0g.

$((

sur*6i and clean coarse river sand in eDual 9ro9ortion or ce+ent +ortar as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. 5.2.,.2. To9 concreteE- Over t6e .ric* a la0er of concrete 46ic6 s6ould .e a +ini+u+ of <-G= ).5 c+. over t6e cro4n s6all .e laid. T6e 6unc6es s6ould .e filled to +a*e t6e to9 surface slo9ing suita.le for dra4ing 4ater 46ic6 s6ould not .e less t6an 1 in (/. T6e centering s6all .e re+oved a 4ee* after la0ing t6e final la0er of concrete. T6e under surface of t6e arc6es s6all .e li+e 9lastered as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e 4or* s6all .e *e9t cured 46ile in 9rogress : for a fortnig6t after co+9letion. T6e Cac* arc6 roofing inclusive to9 la0er of concrete@ and centering s6all .e +easured over all flat <3lan area : given in sDuare +etres=. T6e follo4ing se9aretel0E<a= <.= <c= <d= <e= s6all .e +easured

5.'.5. 5.'.16.

Re/o8al o4 Ce0teri0g. Fi0ish.

5.'.11.

Curi0g.

5.'.1$.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

3ainting +etal surfaces. &.'. Aoist. "i+e 9lastering under surface. Encasing &.'.A. Tie rods.

$(+

5.( 2AN#!ORE TI!E ROOFIN#. 5.(.1. Scope. 5.-.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding +aterials@ la0ing : fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of %anglore Tile &oofing. TilesEF T6e tiles s6all .e of %anglore 9attern and of a99roved +a*e. t6is s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. 2.- on +aterials. T6e class .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. '9eci+enE t6e tiles s6all .e in ever0 4a0 eDual to t6e s9eci+en a99roved .0 t6e Engineer .efore t6e 4or* co++ences and t6e sa+e s6all re+aining t6e Engineer8s custod0. All su.seDuent su99l0 s6all confor+ to t6is s9eci+en. "a0ing of tilesE- T6e tiles s6all .e laid fair and sDuare and .rea* Coints t6at is t6e left c6annel of t6e u99er tile s6all lie in t6e rig6t of t6at .elo4 and t6e0 s6all fix 9ro9erl0 to one anot6er@ t6e GCatc6esG resting full0 against sal4ood .attens of siBes 5 c+s. x 2.5 c+s.@ s9aced -/ c+s. a9art and fixed to t6e u99er surface of t6e rafters. ?6en 9lan*ing is used .attens 2.5 c+ x 2.5 c+ s6all .e used@ and s6all .e exactl0 9arallel to t6e eaves. T6e lo4est or t6e eaves .attens s6all .e of dou.le t6e ordinar0 t6ic*ness. Atleat ten 9ercent of tiles s6ould .e tied do4n to .attens 4it6 t6in galvanised iron 4ire fro+ t6e lugs and 6oles 9rovided for t6is 9ur9ose in t6e underside of tiles. Tiles at eaves : ga.le ends@ 46ere lia.le to .e lifted .0 t6e 4ind s6all .e si+ilarl0 fixed to t6e .attens exce9t 46ere e+.eded in +asonr0. Tiles co+ing over 4alls are to .e set in li+e +ortar. &idges : 6i9 tilesE- &idges and 6i9 tiles s6ould .e soa*ed for 2 6rs. in 4ater and t6en set in li+e +ortar 1E- so as to render t6e+ 9erfectl0 secure and Coints 9ointed 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E2 to +a*e 4atertig6t. T6is 4ill .e 9aid se9aratel0. #ri9 %ouldingE- ?6erever t6e tiles a.out against a 4all t6e tiles s6all .e inserted in 4all t6e tiles s6all .e inserted in 4all .0 ).5 c+. T6e dri9 course s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0. $(,

5.(.$.

2aterials.

5.5.2.1.

5.5.2.2.

5.(.%.

!a1i0g a03 Fi7i0g.

5.5.-.1.

5.5.-.2.

5.5.-.-.

5.5.-.2.

5.5.-.5.

5.(.'.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

<f=

?ind TiesE- At t6e eaves tea*4ood .attens 5/ ++ x 1- ++ or %.'. flats -/ ++ x - ++ s6all .e 9rovided on t6e to9@ and fixed to t6e lo4er rafters 4it6 iron .olts or scre4s. T6is s6ould .e 9aid se9aratel0. $eneralE- ?6en t6e roof covering is co+9leted@ all t6e lines or t6e tiles +ust .e 9erfectl0 even and straig6t. T6e Contractor s6all +aintain and *ee9 t6e 46ole roof 4atertig6t t6roug6-out one 46ole +onsoon. Tile roofing s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres 4it6out an0 allo4ance for la9s. O9enings u9to /.2 sD+. s6all not .e deducted and no cutting for for+ing suc6 o9enings s6all .e +easured. 'e+i circular ridges@ 6i9s and valle0s s6all .e +easured in running +etres. If set in +ortar. It s6all .e so stated. 1i9 and ridges for+ed in 9laster s6all .e given in running +etres stating t6e girt6. Eave tiles .edded in +ortar on 4alls s6all .e +easured in running +etres and 9aid se9aratel0@ descri.ing t6e +ortar and t6e 4idt6 of .edding. >illing ends and s9aces .et4een tiles at eaves 4it6 +ortar s6all .e given in running +etres@ stating t6e de9t6 of filling. 'cre4ing of tiles to .attens inclusive of drilling 6oles s6all .e +easured in running +etres stating t6e t09e and siBe of scre4s and 4as6ers and t6eir centre to centre distance. 'traig6t cutting of tiles@ 6i9s@ valle0s@ and s*e4 verges@ etc. s6all .e given in running +etres. An0 s9ecial tiles laid over roofing tiles for ventilators or ot6er 9ur9oses s6all .e +easured and 9aid extra. 1alf tiles and one and a 6alf tiles at verges s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0 .ut straig6t cutting and 4aste at verge s6all .e allo4ed for t6e full lengt6 of t6e verge and given in running +etres. Tiles at verges e+.eged in +ortar s6all .e +easured in running +etres and 9aid extra stating t6e 4idt6 of .edding.

$(-

5.+ CO NTR* TI!E ROOFIN#.

5.+.1.

Scope.

5.-.1.1.

T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding +aterials@ la0ing +ode of +easure+ent of countr0 tile roofing. attens EF T6e .attens s6all .e a+.oos or 4ooden scantlings as s9ecified. T6e .a+.oo .attens s6all consist of sound .a+.oo s9lits 25 ++ x 1/ ++ <no+. 1G= 4ide and 4ill .e laid@ eac6 touc6ing t6e ot6er on eit6er side and at rig6t angles to t6e co++on rafters. T6e .a+.oos s6all .e seasoned .0 i++ersing t6e+ in 4ater for at least t4o 4ee*s. If 4ooden .attens are used t6en t6ese s6all .e of t6e ti+.er s9ecified and s6all .e in t6e for+ of scantling of siBe 5/ ++ x 1- ++. s9aced at 5 c+s. clear intervals. T6e .attens s6all .e nailed to t6e rafters for fixing in 9osition. TilesEF Countr0 Tiles s6all .e 9re9ared for+ 9ure and good cla0 of even texture. T6e0 s6all .e sou@d 4ell .urnt and of unifor+ colour and siBe. t6e0 s6all .e s6ar9@ even and free fro+ all fla4s@ .ends or t4ist. t6e0 s6all .e dee9 red colour and s6ould ring clearl0 46en struc*. T6e0 can .e 6and or +ac6ine +oulded. T6e tile s6all .e of t6e s6a9e or siBe@ a99roved .0 t6e Engineer-inc6arge@ 6o4ever a siBe of 25 c+x. x , c+s. s6all .e 9referred. 'oa*ingE- All tiles s6all .e soa*ed for 12 6ours in 4ater +ixed 4it6 co4 dug .efore .eing 9ut in to t6e 4or*. TilesE- T6e tiles s6all .e laid in one or t4o la0ers as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e0 s6all .e laid at rig6t angles to t6e eaves 4it6 a longitudinal overla9 of not less t6an ).5 c+s. and s6all .e so s9aced t6at eac6 tile touc6es a tile on eit6er side at its 4idest 9art. No .ro*en or c6i99ed tiles s6all .e used. Care +ust .e ta*en to see t6at t6e finis6ed roof is of even slo9e 4it6out

5.+.$.

2aterials.

5.(.2.1.

5.(.2.2.

5.(.2.-.

5.+.%.

!a1i0g

5.(.-.1.

$(5

de9ressions of slo9ing sections. 5.(.-.2. Eaves@ &idge and 1i9sE- T6e eaves s6all .e set in li+e +ortar 1E- s9aringl0 a99lied and neatl0 finis6ed off. T6e ridges and 6i9s s6all .e of eit6er %anglore 9attern or of an0 ot6er a99roved 9atterns as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ 9ro9erl0 set in +ortar and 9ointed as given in s9ecification for %anglore tile roofing. 'a+e as for %anglore Tile roofing@ exce9t for cutting and 4aste 46ic6 s6all not .e +easured and 9aid in t6is case.

5.+.'.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

$+6

5.,. T&ATC& ROOFIN#. 5.,.1. Scope. 5.).1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents regarding +aterials@ fra+e-4or*@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of T6atc6 &oofing. T6atc6E T6atc6 is also locall0 called 83ani8 s6all .e used for 9re9aring roof covering. It s6all .e ne4@ dr0 and of t6e .est 9ossi.le Dualit0 availa.le in local areas and s6all .e a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. Atte+9t s6ould .e +ade to o.tain t6e t6atc6 in its +axi+u+ lengt6. a+.oosE- a+.oos s6all .e used as rafters and ree9ers in t6e fra+e 4or* of t6e roof. a+.oos s6all .e of nature gro4t6 free fro+ s9lits@ 4eevil rot@ .orer 6oles or ot6er +aCor defects. All .a+.oos s6all .e di99ed in a .at6 of crude oil .efore .eing fixed or oiled in 9osition after .eing fixed for 9reservation 9ur9ose as 9er directions of Engineer-in-c6arge. ulliesEullies s6all .e used as 9rinci9al rafters@ ridge 9ieces@ 9urlins@ etc. and s6all .e straig6t@ strong enoug6 to .ear t6e 9ro9osed loads. efore tatc6 covering is laid and fixed@ a fra+e 4or* s6all .e erected as 9er dra4ings and instructions of t6e Engineer. 3urlins s6all .e 9laced at not +ore t6an 1 +etre a9art. T6e centre to centre distance of t6e 9rinci9al rafters s6all not .e +ore t6an - +etres <a99rox. 1/ ft.= 'olid a+.oo rafters of siBe s6all .e s9aced at 2/ c+s. a9art@ along t6e slo9es over t6e 9urlins. a+.oo s9lits ree9ers of s9ecified siBes s6all .e tied 9er9endicularl0 to t6e rafters at 2/ c+s. centre to centre. All t6e Cunctions at t6e crossings of t6ese +e+.ers s6all .e eit6er nailed or secured 9ro9erl0 .0 coir ro9es. 5.,.'. !a1i0g o4 Thatch. T6atc6 s6all .e laid in a t6ic*ness of 1/ c+ to 15 c+ as s9ecified and a.ove t6e

5.,.$.

2aterials.

5.).2.1.

5.).2.2.

5.).2.-.

5.,.%.

Fra/e >or:.

$+1

+es6 4or* of stra4s .undled to +ads 2 c+. dia@ or a+.oo s9lits of 25 ++ x 1/ ++. siBe. undles of stra4s or a+.oo s9lit .attens at .otto+ s6all .e for+ed in criss cross fas6ion 4it6 diagonals +easuring 2/ c+s. T6atc6 is t6en evenl0 s9read over t6e +es6@ care .eing ta*en not to leave an0 6ollo4 s9ace. T6atc6 9ieces +ust .e 9laced close to eac6 ot6er and overla99ing in t6e lengt6 of t6e stra4. Over t6e t6atc6 and a.ove t6e ree9ers@ 6oriBontal .attens of stra4 .undle of +ini+u+ dia. 25 ++. s6all .e laid and tied .0 +eans of coir ro9es. attens at t6e eaves and ridges s6all .e of 5/ ++. dia to 6old t6e roof against 4ind. >or drainage 9ur9ose extra t6atc6 s6all .e 9rovided over to9 .attens@ suc6 t6at@ starting fro+ ridges its one end is 9laced .elo4 t6e ridge .attens and t6e ot6er end rests over t6e t6ird .atten fro+ to9@ and 9roCecting .0 1/ c+s. over it. T6e sa+e is re9eated u9to t6e eaves. T6en to9 .attens are tied toget6er .0 coir ro9es at all Cunctions of t6e +es6 4it6 ree9ers. On all t6e edges t6e 9roCecting t6atc6 s6all eit6er .e tri++ed straig6t or covered .0 cover stri9s for+ed of stra4 9ieces. T6e roof s6all 9roCect 25 c+s. 6oriBontall0 fro+ t6e outer face of t6e 4all. T6e 9itc6 of t6e roof s6all .e a.le to drain rain 4ater 9ro9erl0 and s6ould not .e less t6an 1 in 1. >or 4ater tig6tness t6in stra4 +attings s6all .e 9rovided at .otto+ and at to9 of t6e +es6 and s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0. ?6erever t6e roof a.uts or is su99orted .0 +asonr0 4alls 9ro9er 6olding do4n arrange+ents and dri9 courses s6all .e 9rovided. T6e roof coverings s6all 9re9ared at t6e ground surface laid over t6e fra+e in one 9ieces and tied tig6tl0 to t6e first .e and t6en or +ore 9urlines@

$+$

co++on rafters@ t6e ridge 9ieces@ etc. and s6all .e +ade to rest 9ro9erl0 over t6e su99orting 4alls. &idges@ Valle0s@ 1i9s etc. s6all .e 9ro9erl0 covered .0 stra4 and tied 9ro9erl0 to t6e lo4er fra+e +e+.er. 5.,.(. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. T6atc6 roof covering s6all .e +easured net in sDuare +etres inclusive or all cuttings and 4aste@ to9 .attens and +es6 4or* of stra4 or s9lit a+.oos. >ull a+.oos or ull0 fra+e 4or*@ ridge 9iece@ 9urlins and 9rinci9al rafter s6all .e +easured in running +etres and 9aid se9aratel0. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e t6atc6 roofing s6all .e t6e t6ic*ness of t6e t6atc6 .et4een t6e +es6 and to9 .attens after it 6as .een tig6tened 9ro9erl0 .

$+%

C&APTER - 16 - F!OORS. BASE FOR F!OORS. 16.1.1. Scope 1/.1.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterials@ 9re9aration of su.-grade@ t6ic*ness@ 9ro9ortion@ +ixing@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of li+e concrete .ase for floors. "i+e concreteE- "i+e concrete s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 5.1. T6e no+inal siBe of .ro*en stone aggregates or .ric* .at aggregates s6all .e 2/ ++. T6e eart6 filling s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned of vegeta.le +atter@ ra++ed at o9ti+u+ +oisture are dressed to t6e correct levels and slo9es as s6o4n on dra4ings@ or as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. In case of cla0e0 su.-grade a 15 c+. t6ic* la0er of sand s6all .e laid on t6e ra++ed su.-grade .efore la0ing t6e .ase. T6e t6ic*ness of .ase concrete s6all var0 fro+ )5 ++ <-G= to 1// ++ <2G= for ordinar0 floors .ut for 6eav0 dut0 floors it +a0 .e 15/ ++ <(G=. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e no+inal +ix for li+e concrete s6all as underF 'tiff 4et +ortar <of +ix 1E-= Q /.2+'oa*ed coarse aggregate 16.1.+. 2i7i0g. 1/.1.(.1. Q1./+-

16.1.$.

2aterials.

1/.1.2.1.

16.1.%.

Preparatio0 o4 Su=-#ra3e.

1/.1.-.1.

1/.1.-.2.

16.1.'.

Thic:0ess o4 !i/e Co0crete.

1/.1.2.1.

16.1.(.

Proportio0.

1/.1.5.1.

T6e concrete s6all .e +ixed on a clean +asonr0 or 4ooden 9latfor+ 4it6 tig6t close Coints so t6at t6ere s6all .e no lea*age of 4ater or +ortar and also to 9revent eart6 or ot6er foreign +atter .eing 4or*ed in during +ixing. T6e coarse aggregates to .e used s6all .e 9laced to an even t6ic*ness on a 9latfor+ in a de9t6 of -/ c+.@ covering not +ore t6an

1/.1.(.2.

$+'

6alf t6e 9latfor+8s Cengt6. T6e reDuired Duantit0 of +ortar s6all t6en .e evenl0 s9read over t6e aggregate and t6e 46ole t6oroug6l0 +ixed .0 turning it over t6e over@ .ac*4ards and for4ards several ti+es <not less t6an four ti+es= until ever0 9art of t6e coarse aggregate is sufficient coated 4it6 +ortar. T6e 4ater reDuired s6ould .e graduall0 added t6roug6 a rose noBBle. #uring +ixing onl0 sufficient 4ater to ensure a t6ic* 9lastic +aterial or even consistenc0 s6all .e added. T6in slo990 +ixture s6all .e avoided. 1/.1.(.-. No +ore concrete s6all .e +ixed t6at can .e laid in 9osition t6e sa+e da0 of +ixing and an0 excess s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e is t6e of 4or* i++ediatel0 .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9enses. "i+e concrete s6all .e laid in one la0er over t6e 9re9ared su. grade. T6e t6ic*ness of unra++ed concrete laid s6all .e suc6 t6at after co+9action a t6ic*ness as s9ecified is ac6ieved. $enerall0 follo4ing loose t6ic*ness corres9onding to finis6 t6ic*ness +a0 .e ado9ted. co+9acted finis6ed to )5 ++. G G G 1/.1.).2. "i+e t6ic*ness 1// ++. 15/ ++.

16.1.,.

!1i0g.

1/.1.).1.

"oose t6ic*ness 115 ++. G G G 15/ ++. G 225 ++.

concrete s6all .e ra++ed +anuall0 .0 +eans of stone or iron ra++ers 15 c+. in dia 4eig6ting not less t6an 2.5 7g. 'Duare ra++ers s6all .e used 46ile ra++ing on edge and corners. Alternativel0 +ec6anical or 9o4er ra++ers +a0 .e used. T6e ra++ing s6all .e continued till t6e

$+(

+axi+u+ densit0 is ac6ieved and t6e desired t6ic*ness 6as .een o.tained. 16.1.-. Protectio0 o4 Base Co0crete. 1/.1.,.1. T6e .ase concrete s6all .e *e9t 9rotected fro+ de9osition of grease@ oil@ 9aint or ot6er su.stance on its surface. Even if t6ere is so+e de9osition of grease@ oil or 9aint over t6e surfaces@ t6e sa+e s6all .e re+oved .0 scra99ing t6e surface 4it6 9etrol or a strong solution of 4as6ing soda@ .efore finis6ing is laid.

16.1.5.

Fi0ishi0g.

1/.1.5.1.

T6e surface s6all .e left unfinis6ed@ if i++ediatel0 after it so+e for+ of 4earing surface is to .e 9rovided. In case li+e concrete finis6 is reDuired or it is 9ro9osed to 9rovide so+e fro+ of 4earing surface after a long 9eriod t6e surface s6all .e finis6ed as descri.ed in 1/.1.).2. T6e li+e concrete s6all .e *e9t +oist cured for atleast ) da0s. "i+e concrete .ase s6all .e +easured net in cu.ic +etres.

1/.1.5.2.

16.1.16 . 16.11.1 .

Curi0g. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0tM

1/.1.1/.1. 1/.1.11.1.

$++

16.$. CE2ENT P!ASTER OEER !I2E CONCRETE BASE. 16.$.1. Scope. 1/.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification covers t6e +ode of finis6ing li+e concrete .ase 4it6 ce+ent 9laster@ 3lain or coloured. Ce+ent +ortar s6all consist of ce+ent and sand confor+ing to s9ecification No. -.-. <ce+ent +ortar=. T6ic*ness of t6e ce+ent 9laster s6all .e as s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities. Nor+all0 for ordinar0 floors t6e t6ic*ness s6all .e 12 ++. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified ce+ent sand +ortar s6all .e of 1E- +ix. 'a+e as in s9ecification No. -.-. It s6all confor+ to s9ecification laid do4n for ce+ent +ortar. T6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 re+oving all dirt. laitance and loose aggregate fro+ t6e surface .0 +eans of a 4ire .roo+ and t6e surface t6en 4ell +oistened. T6e ce+ent +ortar finis6 s6all .e de9osited on t6e li+e concrete .ase as Duic*l0 after +ixing as 9ossi.le. T6is s6all .e t6oroug6l0 co+9acted and screeded to t6e finis6ed grade. It s6all t6en .e flouted 4it6 a 4ooden float to render t6e surface even and after t6e surface 6as slig6tl0 6ardened it s6all .e finis6ed s+oot6 4it6 a tro4el. T6e 46ole o9eration s6all .e co+9leted 4it6in 25 +inute fro+ t6e ti+e 4ater is added to ce+ent. If coloured ce+ent finis6 is reDuired 9ig+ent s6all .e incor9orated in t6e to9 - ++ la0er of ce+ent 9laster as descri.ed under clause 1/.-.5. of ce+ent concrete floors. I++ediatel0 after to4eling@ t6e surface s6all .e 9rotected fro+ ra9id dr0ing. As soon as it 6as 6ardened sufficientl0 it s6all .e $+,

16.$.$.

2aterials.

1/.2.2.1.

16.$.%.

Thic:0ess.

1/.2.-.1.

16.$.'. 16.$.(. 16.$.+. 16.$.,.

2i7.

1/.2.2.1.

#augi0g o4 Aater. 2i7i0g a03 1/.2.(.1. Tra0sportatio0. Preparatio0 o4 1/.2.).1. Sur4ace.

16.$.-.

Placi0g a03 Fi0ishi0g.

1/.2.,.1.

16.$.5.

Coloure3 1/.2.5.1. Ce/e0t Plasters.

16.$.16 .

Curi0g

1/.2.1/.1.

16.$.11 .

covered 4it6 clean sand in a unifor+ la0er of 2/ ++. t6ic*ness and *e9t flooded 4it6 4ater for atleast 1/ da0s. 2o3e o4 1/.2.11.1. Ce+ent 9lastering over li+e concrete 2easure/e0t s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres s9ecif0ing t6e t6ic*ness. 1/.2.11.2. T6e coloured finis6 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. 16.%. CE2ENT CONCRETE F!OORIN#. Scope. 1/.-.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers t6e +ode of la0ing and finis6ing 9lain and coloured ce+ent concrete floors. T6e flooring s6all consist of On ground floorE- ase of li+e concrete or ce+ent concrete of lean +ix and ce+ent concrete 4earing course. On u99er floor E- Ce+ent concrete 4earing course. T6e eart6 filling s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned of vegeta.le +atter@ ra++ed at o9ti+u+ +oisture and dressed to t6e correct levels and slo9es as s6o4n on dra4ings or as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. In case of cla0e0 su.grade a 15 c+. t6ic* la0er of sand s6all .e laid on t6e ra++ed su.grade .efore la0ing t6e .ase. T6e .ase course on 46ic6 t6e 4earing course of ce+ent concrete is to .e laid s6all .e of li+e concrete 9re9ared. "aid and co+9acted in a +anner s9ecified in s9ecification No. 1/.1 or 9lain ce+ent concrete of lean +ix 9re9ared in a +anner descri.ed in s9ecification No. 5.2 or as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. 3rotection of .ase concreteE- T6e .ase concrete s6all .e *e9t 9rotected fro+ de9ositing of grease@ oil@ 9aint or ot6er su.stance on its $+-

16.%.1.

16.%.$.

#e0eral.

1/.-.2.1. <a=

<.= 16.%.%. Preparatio0 o4 Su=-gra3e. 1/.-.-.1.

1/.-.-.2.

16.%.'.

Su=-4loor or Base co0crete.

1/.-.2.1.

1/.-.2.2.

surface. Even if t6ere is so+e de9osition of grease@ oil or 9aint over t6e surface@ t6e sa+e s6all .e re+oved .0 scru..ing t6e surface 4it6 9etrol or a strong solution of 4as6ing soda. 16.%.(. Protectio0 agai0st "a/p0ess. 1/.-.5.1. If t6e Engineer so desires or it .e s9ecified in t6e contract t6at t6e floor is to .e safeguarded against an0 da+9ness or 4ater finding 4a0 to t6e to9 of .ase or su. floor@ t6e .ase s6all .e covered 4it6 an effective 4ater 9roofing treat+ent fil+ to 9rotect t6e floor against an0 da+9ness. %ixEF !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e ce+ent concrete s6all .e of grade %.15/ and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 5.2 on ce+ent concrete exce9t t6at t6e no+inal siBe of course aggregate s6all .e 1( or 2/ ++ as desired .0 t6e Engineer or as s9ecified in t6e contract. <I.'. -,-=. T6ic*nessE- T6e t6ic*ness of t6e floor s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. Nor+all0 for ordinar0 floors t6e t6ic*ness s6all var0 fro+ 25 ++ to -5 ++ 46ere as for 6eav0 dut0 floors it s6all .e 5/ ++ <2G=. $auging of ?aterE- %ini+u+ a+ount of 4ater s6all .e used 9rovided is ena.les concrete to .e t6oroug6l0 co+9acted 4it6out .ringing excess of 4ater to t6e surface. T6e Duantit0 of 4ater s6all .e as 9er s9ecification No. 5.2. 3re9aration of 'urfaceE- T6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned re+oving all dirt@ lai-tance and loose aggregates fro+ t6e surface .0 +eans of 4ire .roo+s and t6e surface t6en

16.%.+.

Ce/e0t Aeari0g 1/.-.(.1. Course.

1/.-.(.2.

1/.-.(.-.

1/.-.(.2.

$+5

4ell s9rin*led 4it6 4ater 4it6out for+ing an0 4ater 9ool. In case of ce+ent concrete .ase@ t6e surface s6all .e covered 4it6 a t6in la0er of ce+ent sand +ortar of t6e sa+e consistenc0 as 9ro9osed to .e used in t6e to9 floor. 1/.-.(.5. 1/.-.(.5.1. %ixingEF T6oroug6l0 +ixing of t6e +aterial s6all .e carried out so t6at all t6e aggregate 9articles get coated 4it6 +ortar and t6e 46ole +ass gives a unifor+ a99earance. %ixing and trans9ortation s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 5.2 laid do4n for 9lain ce+ent concrete. 'iBe of 9anelE- T6e floor s6all .e divided into 9anels not exceeding - sD.+ in area@ so as to reduce t6e ris* of crac*ing and t6e longer di+ension of an0 9anel not exceeding 2+. >or+ 4or*E- T6e for+s s6all .e 4ooden or of an0 ot6er +aterial a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6ese s6all .e fir+l0 fixed so as to divide t6e floor into 9anels of siBe s9ecified in 1/.-.(.(. T6e for+s s6all .e fixed in a +anner t6at t6ese do not get dis9laced during t6e 9lacing of concrete. "a0ingEF Concrete s6all .e laid in alternate .a0s and atleast -( 6rs. s6all ela9se .efore t6e concreting in t6e re+aining .a0s is co++enced. T6e to99ing concrete s6all first .e laid in for+ of 1/ c+. 'Duare 9ats of reDuired t6ic*ness at suita.le intervals in .ot6 t6e directions 4it6 t6e aid of a straig6t edge and s9irit level to serve as guide .loc*s@ t6eir to9 surface indicating t6e level of t6e floor $,6

1/.-.(.5.2.

1/.-.(.(.

1/.-.(.).

1/.-.(.,.

1/.-.(.,.1.

finis6 and t6e s9ace in .et4een t6ese 9ats .eing filled u9 carefull0 4it6 concrete so as to confor+ to t6ese levels. 1/.-.(.5. Co+9action@ >loating and Tro4ellingEt6e concrete s6all .e .eaten soon after la0ing 4it6 4ooden 8T6a9is8. T6e 4or* of +ixing@ la0ing and .eating s6all .e done as Duic*l0 as 9ossi.le and not +ore t6an 25 +inutes s6all ela9se .et4een t6e ti+e of +ixing 4ater to ce+ent and final ta+9ing of an0 9ortion of concrete. T6e surface s6all .e +ade even .0 +eans of 4ooden floats. Tro4elling s6all not .e done 46ile t6e concrete surface is still 4et and also excessive tro4elling s6all .e avoided to 9revent neat ce+ent co+ing u9on t6e surface. No dr0 ce+ent or a +ixture of dr0 ce+ent and sand s6all .e coated to a.sor. +oisture or to stiffen t6e concrete +ix@ .ut care s6all .e ta*en at t6e ti+e of gauging 4ater so t6at onl0 t6e reDuired Duantit0 of 4ater is added. ?6ite concreting t6e re+aining .a0s@ care s6all .e ta*en to ensure t6at t6e edges of t6e 9reviousl0 laid .a0s are not .ro*en .0 careless or 6ard ta+9ing. I++ediatel0 after final tro4elling@ t6e surface s6all .e 9rotected fro+ ra9id dr0ing. As soon as it 6as 6ardened sufficientl0 it s6all .e covered 4it6 clean sand in a unifor+ la0er of 2/++ t6ic*ness and *e9t flooded 4it6 4ater for atleast 1/ da0s. T6e +ain ai+ of curing .eing to avoid excessive dr0ing of concrete causing s6rin*age crac*s. If s9ecified@ 9olis6ing of t6e finis6ed concrete s6all .e carried out after t6e concrete 6as .een $,1

1/.-.(.1/.

16.%.,.

Curi0g

1/.-.).1.

16.%.-.

Polishi0g.

1/.-.,.1.

cured for a +ini+u+ 9eriod of ) da0s. t6e surface s6all .e flooded 4it6 4ater and fine sand s9rin*led lig6tl0 over it@ it s6all t6en .e 9olis6ed 4it6 stone a.out 15 c+ x ).5 c+. T6e under side of t6e stones used s6all .e 9lane and s+oot6. <a= ase of ase concreteE- 'a+e as in ordinar0 ce+ent concrete floors. 'creeded .edEF Ce+ent concrete invaria.l0 of grade %-15/ +ixed and laid in t6e sa+e 4a0s as s9ecified in ce+ent concrete 4earing course exce9t t6at@ T6e t6ic*ness of screed s6all .e so adCusted to leave +argin for ++ coloured +ortar on to9. T6e surface s6all .e left roug6 so as to 9rovide a good .ond to t6e coloured to9 finis6. - ++ t6ic* coloured ce+ent +ortar finis6. Colour ce+ent +ortar finis6EF %ixEF !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e ce+ent sand +ortar s6all .e of 1E- +ix. %ixing and trans9ortation s6all confor+ to s9ecification laid do4n under ce+ent +ortar. 3lacing and >inis6ingEF T6e coloured ce+ent +ortar finis6 s6all .e de9osited on t6e screed .ed as Duic*l0 after +ixing as 9ossi.le. T6is s6all .e t6oroug6l0 co+9acted and screeded to t6e finis6ed grade. It s6all t6an .e floated 4it6 a 4ooden float to render t6e surface even and after t6e surface 6as lig6tl0 6ardened it s6all .e finis6ed s+oot6 4it6 a steel tro4el. T6e 46ole o9eration s6all .e co+9leted@ 4it6 in 25 +inute fro+ t6e ti+e $,$

<.=

<i=

<ii=

<c= 1/.-.5.-. <a=

<.=

<c=

4ater is added to ce+ent. <d= 16.%.16 . 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. 1/.-.1/.1. Curing and 3olis6ing E F 'a+e as in 1/.-.) and 1/.-.,. All 4or* s6all .e +easured net in sDuare +etres excluding t6e .ase concrete. ?ater 9roof la0er if incor9orated as desired under clause 1/.-.5. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Extra over ite+ No. 1/.-.1/.1. s6all .e 9aid for coloured floors. If an0 decorative 9attern is desired to .e +ade on t6e floor it s6all .e so stated in t6e sc6edule of Huantities. If it is desired to la0 a la0er of sand on t6e su.grade as 9er clause 1/.-.-. it s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e #ados s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ floors.

1/.-.1/.2. 1/.-.1/.-.

1/.-.1/.2.

1/.-.1/.5.

$,%

16.' F!A# STONE F!OORIN# 16.'.1. Scope. 1/.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ents for +aterial and s9ecifies t6e 9rocedure for la0ing >lag 'tones over a 9re9ared .ase.

16.'.$.

Flag Sto0es.

1/.2.2.1.

T6e 'tones s6all .e o.tained fro+ t6e Duarr0 s9ecified in t6e agree+ent or a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6ese s6all fulfill t6e reDuire+ents laid do4n under 1/.2.2.2. to 1/.2.2.5. In t6ic*ness and di+ension flags s6all confor+ to ta.le given .elo4EF

1/.2.2.2.

TAB!E-1 OF STAN"AR" SIGES "engt6 in C+. !n9olis6ed 3olis6ed finis6es finis6es 15.5@ 25.5@ -5.5 15.,@ 25.,@ -5., 25.5@ -5.5@ 25.5 25.,@ -5.,@ 25., -5.5@ 25.5@ 55.5 -5.,@ 25.,@ 55., 25.5@ 55.5@ )5.5 25.,@ 55.,@ )5., 55.5@ )5.5@ )5.5 55.,@ )5.,@ )5., readt6 in c+. !n9olis6ed 3olis6ed finis6es finis6es 15.5 15., 25.5 25., -5.5 -5., 25.5 25., 55.5 55., )5.5 )5., T6ic*ness in c+. 1.5@ 2.5@ -./ 1.5@ 2.5@ -./ 1.5@ 2.5@ -./ 1.5@ 2.5@ -./ -./ -./

NoteEF

?6ile

4or*ing out t6e no+inal di+ensions in t6e lengt6 and .readt6 colu+ns@ an allo4ance of 5 ++ for ordinar0 floors and 2 ++ for 9olis6 floors 6as .een +ade for t6ic*ness of +ortar Coints.

1/.2.2.-.

T6e stone s6all .e 4it6out an0 soft veins@ crac*s or fla4s and s6all 6ave a unifor+ colour texture. T6e stone s6all .e s+oot6 even on to9 and s6all .e c6isel dressed on edges to atleast 6alf t6eir de9t6. 'tones for 9olis6ed finis6es s6all 6ave +ac6ine cut edges. 'a+e as for ce+ent concrete flooring vide clause 1/.-.-. of s9ecification No. 1/.-. "aid in accordance 4it6 s9ecification No. 1/.1.

1/.2.2.2.

1/.2.2.5. 16.'.%. Preparatio0 o4 Su=gra3e Preparatio0 o4 Base. 1/.2.-.1.

16.'.'.

1/.2.2.1.

$,'

16.'.(.

!a1i0g o4 Flags.

1/.2.5.1.

3re9aration of surfaceEF T6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned re+oving all dirt@ laitance and loose aggregate fro+ t6e surface .0 +eans of a 4ire .roo+ and t6e surface t6en 4ell s9rin*led 4it6 4ater 4it6out for+ing an0 4ater 9ool. !nless ot6er 4ise s9ecified ordinar0 flags s6all .e laid in "i+e +ortar of 1E- +ix 9re9ared in t6e +anner s9ecified in -.1.@ and 9olis6ed in 7ara +ortar. >lag stone s6all .e soa*ed in clean 4ater for 6alf an 6our .efore .eing laid .ut s6all .e surface dr0 at t6e ti+e of la0ing on t6e .ase. "a0ingE- T6e flago s6all .e set solid and laid in t6e 9attern as directed .0 Engineer or s6o4n on t6e dra4ings. T6ese s6all .e ta+9ed do4n 4it6 a 4ooden +allet. T6e surface s6all .e c6ec*ed for evenness and slo9e 4it6 a s9irit level and straig6t edge and an0 unevenness o.served s6all .e rectified i++ediatel0. Aointing of flags s6all .e carried out in a +anner so as to give continuous 9arallel long Coints 4it6 cross Coints at rig6t angles. T6ic*ness of AointsE- T6e t6ic*ness of Coints s6all not exceed 5++ in case of ordinar0 floors and not +ore t6an 2 ++. for 9olis6ed finis6es. T6ese s6all .e filled solid 4it6 +ortar for t6e full de9t6 in unifor+ t6ic*ness. Ce+ent 9ointingE- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e Coints s6all .e ra*ed out to a +ini+u+ de9t6 of 1/ ++. and 9ointed 4it6 ce+ent sand +ortar of 1E- +ix. No 9atc6ing u9 on t6e edges s6all .e 9er+itted and stone flags 4it6 c6i99ed or .adl0 dressed edges s6all not .e used. If an0 stone

1/.2.5.2.

1/.2.5.-.

1/.2.5.2.

16.'.+.

Doi0ts.

1/.2.(.1.

1/.2.(.2.

1/.2.(.-.

1/.2.(.2.

$,(

gets c6i99ed during la0ing t6e sa+e s6all .e re9laced. 16.'.,. Curi0g. 1/.2.).1. T6e flooring s6all .e +oist cured for atleast ) da0s after t6e stone 6ave .een laid in 9osition and 9ointed. If desired flag stone flooring s6all .e 9olis6ed as s9ecified in 1/.2.,.2. to 1/.2.,.2. 3olis6ing s6all .e co++enced onl0 after t6e floor as 4ell as t6e Coints 6ave dried u9. If 9olis6ed .0 6and@ t6e flags s6all first .e t6oroug6l0 4etted do4n 4it6 clean 4ater and ru..ed do4n 4it6 a suita.le 9olis6ing stone evenl0 and 4it6out scratc6ing t6e surface. T6ereafter t6e floor s6all .e 4as6ed clean and again ru..ed 6ard 4it6 felt and slig6tl0 +oistened oxalic acid 9o4er. ?6en 9olis6ing 4it6 +ac6ine car.orundu+ stones of t6e follo4ing grit s6all .e used

16.'.-.

Polishi0g.

1/.2.,.1.

1/.2.,.2.

1/.2.,.-.

<a= <.= <c= 1/.2.,.2.

for leveling <usuall0 done 9rior to la0ing 22 to (/= for second grinding 12/ to 15/ for final grinding 22/ to -5/ After 9olis6ing@ t6e floor s6all .e ver0 carefull0 4as6ed clean and dried. ?6en dr0 t6e floor s6all .e covered 4it6 oil free@ dr0 dust 46ic6 s6all .e re+oved onl0 after all t6e construction 4or*@ suc6 as 9ainting@ diste+9ering etc.@ in t6e area is finis6ed@ and Cust .efore it is occu9ied. >lag stone to99ing s6all .e +easured net and t6e area covered s6all .e given in 'D. +etres. Hualit0 of 'tones and t6ic*ness s6all .e descri.ed. Circular 4or*s s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. $,+

16.'.5.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1/.2.5.1.

1/.2.5.2. 1/.2.5.-.

16.(. TERAGGO IN SIT F!OORIN#. 16.(.1. Scope. 1/.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ent for +aterials and s9ecifies t6e +ode of la0ing and finis6ing GTerraBBo in situ flooring.G

16.(.$.

#e0eral.

1/.5.2.1.

T6e floor finis6 46ere t6e 4earing surface is co+9osed of +ar.le c6i9s in a +atrix of ordinar0 or coloured 9ort-land ce+ent 4it6 or 4it6out 9ig+ent@ +ec6anicall0 ground@ 9rocessed and 9olis6ed is *no4n as TerraBBo. T6e floor s6all consist ofEOn $round >loors. <i= <ii= <iii= ase. 'creeded ed. TerraBBo finis6 to99ing.

<a=

<.=

On Ot6er >loors. <i= <ii= 'creeded ed. TerraBBo finis6 to99ing.

16.(.%.

2aterials.

1/.5.-.1.

Ce+entE- Ordinar0 gre0 9ortland 46ite or colour ce+ent confor+ing to I.'. 2(5. ?aterE- T6e 4ater used s6all .e clean and free fro+ oil@ acid@ al*ali@ solu.le salts etc. Coarse and fine AggregatesE- 'a+e as in s9ecification No. 5.2. for concrete. T6e no+inal siBe of coarse aggregates s6all .e eit6er 2/ ++ or 1( ++ as desired .0 t6e Engineer@ or an0 ot6er siBe s9ecified in contract. $auging of ?aterE- %ini+u+ a+ount of 4ater 46ic6@ s6all ena.le concrete to .e t6oroug6l0 co+9acted 4it6out .ringing excess of 4ater to t6e surface@ s6all .e used. T6e a99roxi+ate $,,

1/.5.-.2.

1/.5.-.-.

1/.5.-.2.

Duantit0 of 4ater@ s6all .e as s9ecified in s9ecification No. 5.2. for ce+ent concrete. 1/.5.-.5. Aggregates for TerraBBoET6e aggregates used for terraBBo s6all .e of stone t09es suc6 as Calcites@ #ol+ites@ Calcite and #olo+ite %ar.les etc. and s6all .e of t6e grades as desired .0 t6e Engineer. so+e of t6e 9revalent grades are as underEF TAB!E -1
#ra3e No. /. /. 1. 2. Si;e i0 //. 1-2 2-2 2-) )-1/ 2i0i/u/ Thic:0ess o4 Terra;;o 4i0ish i0 //. ( ++. 5 ++ 12 ++.

T6e aggregates for terraBBo +a0 also 6ave different colours suc6 as dar* red@ red 9in*@ 46ite@ .lac* etc. T6e 9ro9ortion of different coloured aggregates s6all .e as directed .0 t6e Engineer. 1/.5.-.(. #ividing 'tri9sE- #ividing stri9s if s9ecified s6all .e of .rass@ Co99er@ Oinc@ A.onit@ 3lastic@ Alu+iniu+ or si+ilar ot6er +aterial. T6e t09e of flooring +ix. and t6e dividing stri9 s6all 6ave t6e si+ilar resistance to 4ear as t6e flooring. T6e actual t09e and t6ic*ness used s6all .e as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer or s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities.
Proportio0 o4 pig/e0t Proportio0 o4 #re1 portla03 ce/e0t ' 15 to 2/ 25 to 2/ Porportio0 o4 >hite portla03 ce/e0t. ( Nil Nil Nil

Colou r

Pig/e0t to =e use3

1 &ed lac* ottle $reen

$ &ed oxide of Iron Car.on lac* $reen c6ro+iu+ oxide

% 1 1 1

$,-

Colou r

Pig/e0t to =e use3

Proportio0 o4 pig/e0t

Proportio0 o4 #re1 portla03 ce/e0t Nil Nil Nil Nil 1 to 2 2

3in* $reen ;ello4 "ig6t $reen >renc6 $re0. >a4n

&ed Oxide ;ello4 oxide of Iron ;ello4 oxide of Iron $reen c6ro+ic Acid.

1 1 1 1 Nil 1

Porportio0 o4 >hite portla03 ce/e0t. 1//--// 1//-2// 25-)5 5/-15/ 1 -

;ello4 oxide of Iron

1/.5.-.,.

%ar.le 3o4derE- %ar.le 9o4der s6all .e free of all dirt and deleterious +atter. It s6all 9ass t6roug6 I.'. sieve No. (/ retained on I.'. 'ieve No. 1/. 'a+e as in ce+ent concrete flooring. 'a+e as in ce+ent concrete flooring.

16.(.'. 16.(.(. 16.(.+.

Preparatio0 o4 Su=-#ra3e Base Scree3 Re3. 1/.5.(.1.

3re9aration of .aseE- In case of existing concrete su. floor@ if t6e surface is clean and reasona.l0 s+oot6@ no s9ecial 9re9aration is necessar0. An0 crac* in t6e sla. s6all .e cut out and filled u9. T6e .ase or su.-floor s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ 'cu+ or laitnace or conta+ination 4it6 oil or grease@ 9laster@ +ortar or ot6er dro99ing@ t6en 4etted do4n 4it6 4ater. #a+9 9roofingEF If t6e Engineer desires to safe-guard t6e floor against an0 da+9ness or 4ater finding 4a0 to t6e to9 of t6e .ase or su.-floor .ase@ an effective 4ater 9roofing treat+ent as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e carried out under-neat6 t6e floor finis6. T6ic*nessEF T6e t6ic*ness of .ed s6all .e s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities. Nor+al t6e t6ic*ness s6all .e as underEF ?6en laid on set and 6ardened concrete su.-floor@ t6e screed .ed s6all not .e less t6an 25++ and +a0 $,5

1/.5.(.2.

1/.5.(.-.

<a=

.e u9to a t6ic*ness of )5 ++. for oil0 surface. <.= ?6en laid over &.C.C. 4or* t6e t6ic*ness of t6e screed s6all in no case .e less t6an 2/ ++. %ixE- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e screeded .ed s6all .e eit6er. Of ce+ent concrete +ix for floors and 1E- +ix for 4or*s li*e s*irting@ dados and ot6er decorative 4or*s. %ixing of concrete s6all .e done eit6er +anuall0 or .0 a +ec6anical +ixer. T6oroug6 +ixing of t6e +aterial s6all .e carried out so t6at all t6e aggregate 9articles get coated .0 +ortar and t6e 46ole +ass given unifor+ a99earance. In case of ce+ent +ortar it s6all .e 9re9ared in t6e +anner s9ecified in -.-. %ixing and trans9ortation s6all confor+ to s9ecification laid do4n over ce+ent concrete. 'iBe of 3anelE- t6e floor s6all .e divided into 9anels not exceeding 'D.+. in area@ so as to reduce t6e ris* of crac*ing@ t6e longer di+ension of an0 9anel not exceeding 2 +. 'creed fixingE- 'creeds 9ro9erl0 leveled s6all .e fixed at t6e correct 6eig6t to suit t6e t6ic*ness of screeded .ed. T6e screeds s6all .e suc6 t6at t6ese do not get dis9laced during t6e 9lacing of concrete. "a0ingEF 'a+e as s9ecified in clause 1/.-.(.,. for ce+ent concrete flooring exce9t t6at surface s6all .e left roug6 .0 t6e screeding .oard@ so as to 6ave a satisfactor0 *e0 for t6e TerraBBo to99ing. Insertion of dividing stri9sE- #ividing or decorative stri9s@ 46ere stri9s@ 46ere reDuired s6all .e e+.eded into t6e screeded .ed

1/.5.(.2. <a=

1/.5.(.5.1.

1/.5.(.5.2.

1/.5.(.(.

1/.5.(.).

1/.5.(.,.

1/.5.(.5.

$-6

to t6e esact level of t6e TerraBBo to99ing in t6e 9attern s6o4n in t6e #ra4ings. 16.(.,. Terra;;o Toppi0g. 1/.5.).1. <a= TerraBBo finis6ing s6all .e started onl0 after. Co+9letion of all o9erations suc6 services etc. 9reli+inar0 as la0ing

<.=

All t6e inside 4alls@ ceilings and outside 4alls 6ave .een 9lastered and door fra+es 4indo4s fixed in 9lace. All 6eav0 4or*s in t6e roo+ 6ave .een co+9lete. T6ic*ness of terraBBo to99ingET6ic*ness of terraBBo to99ing s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ .ut in no case s6all it .e less t6an ( ++. 3attern and colourE- 3attern and colour of terraBBo to99ing s6all .e as 9er dra4ings. 'iBe of terraBBo 9anelEF T6e siBe of 9anel in terraBBo finis6 s6all .e sa+e as in case of screed .ed. T6e la0ing s6all .e carried out in alternate 9anels and atleast -( 6rs. s6all ela9se in la0ing t6e adCacent 9anels. T6e 9osition of Coints in t6e 'creed .ed and terraBBo s6all al4a0s coincide. %ixE- TerraBBo +ix s6all consist of ordinar0 46ite or coloured ce+ent +ixed 4it6 or 4it6out 9ig+ents@ graded stoue aggregates 9lain or coloured@ +ar.le 9o4der and 4ater. T6e +ix s6all nor+all0 .e 1E2 <ce+ent and +ar.le c6i9s= or as s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities. %ixing of +aterialsEF T6oroug6 +ixing s6all .e done to 9resent unifor+ a99earance. In case of 6and +ixing it s6all 9refera.l0 .e done in a troug6 or tu..

<c= 1/.5.).2.

1/.5.).-.

1/.5.).2.

1/.5.).5.

1/.5.).5.1.

1/.5.).(. 1/.5.).(.1.

$-1

1/.5.).(.2.

?6ere different coloured c6i9s are used t6e0 s6all first .e 4ell +ixed in reDuired 9ro9ortion to give a unifor+ a99earance. If coloured ce+ent is 9re9ared .0 +ixing in situ t6e 9ig+ent and ce+ent@ t6e +ixing s6all .e done t6oroug6l0 and t6e +ar.le 9o4der s6all .e added to dr0 +ix. T6e Duantit0 +ixed in one lot s6all .e not less t6an t6at reDuired for atleast one roo+@ so as to avoid s6ade difference. T6e coloured ce+ent +ix and t6e +ix of t6e +ar.le c6i9s s6all t6en .e +ixed toget6er@ ta*ing care not to get t6e +aterials into a 6ea9 .ut evenl0 s9read on t6e 9latfor+. After t6e +aterial 6ave .een t6oroug6l0 +ixed in t6e dr0 state@ 4ater s6all .e added in s+all Duantities 9refera.l0 in a fine s9ra0 46ile t6e +aterials are .eing 4or*ed until t6e 9ro9er consistenc0 is o.tained. T6e +ix s6all .e used in t6e 4or* 4it6in 15 +trs. of t6e addition of 4ater for its 9re9aration. T6e screed .ed on 46ic6 t6e terraBBo to99ing is to .e 9laced s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ scu+ or laitance and of loose +aterials and t6en 4etted do4n 4it6 4ater 4it6out for+ing an0 4ater 9oll on t6e surface and a la0er of ce+ent slurr0 laid .efore la0ing t6e terraBBo +ix. T6e terraBBo +ix s6all t6en .e laid in .a0s in .et4een t6e dividing stri9s. Co+9actionEF T6e terraBBo +ix s6all t6en .e laid in .a0s in .et4een t6e dividing stri9s. Co+9actionEF T6e terraBBo +ix s6all .e co+9acted t6oroug6l0 .0 ta+9ing and tro4elling s+oot6. Onl0 t6at +uc6 tro4elling s6all .e done 46ic6 is Cust sufficient to give a level surface $-$

1/.5.).(.-.

1/.5.).(.2.

1/.5.).).

1/.5.).).1.

1/.5.).,.

1/.5.).,.

i++ediatel0 after la0ing. >urt6er co+9action s6all .e carried out at intervals. Excessive tro4elling or ta+9ing in t6e earl0 stages s6all .e avoided. 16.(.-. Aor: o0 Bor3ers a03 "ecorati8e "esig0s. 1/.5.,.1. order s6all .e laid .efore t6e +ain .od0 of t6e flooring. T6e 9ro9ortion of t6e +ix for t6e decorative 4or* s6all .e t6e sa+e as t6at used for t6e +ain .od0 of t6e flooring. #ecorative #esigns s6all .e laid in .et4een stencils or for+ 4or* of 4ood or +etal and .efore t6e +ix-co++ences to 6arden t6e stencils s6all .e +oved 4it6 as little distur.ance to t6e flooring as 9ossi.le and an0 ragged edges left after re+oval of t6e stencils s6all .e rectified 4it6 a tro4el. T6e surface s6all .e left dr0 for air curing for a duration of 12 6ours de9ending u9on at+os96eric te+9erature conditions. It s6all t6en .e cured .0 allo4ing 4ater to stand in 9ools over it for a 9eriod of not less t6an 2 da0s in t6e first instanceI su.seDuent curing s6all .e as s9ecified in 9ara 1/.5.1/. T6e surface s6all .e dried for anot6er 12 6ours .efore grinding and 9rocessing. T6e grinding and 9rocessing of terraBBo s6all .e co++enced not less t6an four da0s fro+ t6e ti+e of co+9letion of la0ing for +anual grinding and not less t6an seven da0s for +ec6anical grinding. T6e first grinding s6all .e done 4it6 car.orundu+ stones of (/ grit siBe. T6e surface s6all .e *e9t 4et during grinding. All +aterials ground off s6all .e 4as6ed 4it6 4ater. T6e grinding s6all .e carried out till t6e +ar.le c6i9s are visi.le in $-%

1/.5.,.2.

16.(.5.

Curi0g.

1/.5.5.1.

1/.5.5.2.

16.(.16 .

#ri03i0g

1/.5.1/.1.

1/.5.1/.2.

t6e surface .ut care s6all .e ta*en not to grind it so 6ars6 so to re+ove too +uc6 of c6i9s and leave +an0 9atc6es. 1/.5.1/.-. T6e filling s6all .e done 4it6 t6e sa+e +ixture as t6e original +ix for t6e terraBBo finis6 and a 9ortion of t6e +ix s6all .e *e9t for t6is 9ur9ose 46en t6e floor is laid. It s6all t6en .e allo4ed to dr0 for 22 6ours and 4et cured for four da0s in t6e sa+e +anner as s9ecified in curing. T6e second grinding s6all .e done 4it6 car.orundu+ stones of ,/ grit siBe. T6e surface s6all t6en .e 9re9ared once again as s9ecified in 1/.5.1/.-. T6e t6ird grinding s6all .e done 4it6 car.orundu+ .ric*s of 12/ to 15/ grit siBe@ surface clean 4as6ed@ allo4ed to dr0 for 12 6ours and 4et cured for four da0s in t6e sa+e +anner as s9ecified in curing. T6e fourt6 grinding s6all .e done 4it6 car.orundu+ .ric*s of grit -2/ to 2//. T6e surface s6all again .e 4as6ed clean and again ru..ed 6ard 4it6 felt and slig6tl0 +oistened oxalic acid 9o4der. T6e 9olis6ing s6all start onl0 46en all constructional and finis6ing 4or*s@ na+el0@ 9ainting@ diste+9ering electrical 4or*s@ 9lu+.ing Coiner0 4or* etc. are co+9leted and Cust .efore t6e area is to .e occu9ied. 3olis6ingE 4it6 oxalic acidE- T6e floor s6all .e 4as6ed clean 4it6 oxalic acid diluted 4it6 4ater and dried. ?6en dr0 and a.solutel0 clean@ t6e floor s6all .e covered 4it6 clean and dr0 sa4 dust. >loor 9olis6ing +ac6ine fitted 4it6 felt or 6esssian .o.s s6all t6en .e run over it@ until t6e floor s6ines. In case t6e +ac6ine is not $-'

1/.5.1/.2.

1/.5.1/.5.

1/.5.1/.(.

16.(.11 .

Polishi0g.

1/.5.11.1.

1/.5.11.2.

availa.le t6e 4or* +a0 .e allo4ed to .e carried out +anuall0. T6e sa4dust s6all t6en .e s4e9t clean finall0. 1/.5.11.-. ?ax 9olis6ingE- In case 4ax 9olis6ing is desired@ t6e 4ax 9olis6 s6all .e s9aringl0 a99lied 4it6 soft lines on t6e clean and dr0 surface. t6en t6e 9olis6ing +ac6ine fitted 4it6 .o.s s6all .e run over it. Clean sa4 dust s6all t6en .e s9read over t6e floor and 9olis6ing +ac6ine again a99lied +o99ing u9 sur9lus 4ax and leaving a gloss0 surface. In case t6e +ac6ine is not availa.le t6e 4or* +a0 .e allo4ed to .e carried out 4it6 +anual la.our. 3rotectionEF In all stages of construction t6e floor s6all .e *e9t suita.l0 9rotected and an0 da+age occuring for an0 fault s6all .e rectified .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n cost. All 4or* s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres. Coloured TerraBBo 4or* 6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and classified as follo4sE"ig6t s6ades using 46ite 9ortland ce+ent. %ediu+ s6ades using a99roxi+atel0 5/J 46ite ce+ent and 5/J ordinar0 9ortland ce+ent. ar* s6ades using ordinar0 9ortland ce+ent. Narro4 .ands not exceeding ).5 c+s. 4idt6 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in curring +etres. #ividing and decorative stri9s s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 s9ecif0ing t6ic*ness@ 4idt6 and +aterial in +etres. T6e ite+ of 4ax 9olis6ing s6all .e 9aid extra over t6e terraBBo 4or*. '*irting and ot6er terraBBo over vertical surface s6all .e +easured $-(

1/.5.11.2.

$6.(.1$ .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1/.5.12.1.

<a= <.=

<c= 1/.5.12.2.

1/.5.12.-.

1/.5.12.2. 1/.5.12.5.

se9aratel0. 1/.2.12.(. In case +ortar of 9earl or coloured aggregates are s9ecified for use it s6all .e treated extra.

$-+

16.+. 16.+.1. Scope.

CE2ENT TI!E (Plai0 a03 Terra;;o) F!OORIN# 1/.(.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers t6e la0ing and finis6ing of ce+ent concrete flooring tiles for floors and 4alls. It includes t6e reDuire+ent for +aterials used in t6e fixing@ grouting and 9olis6ing of ce+ent concrete flooring tilesEF T6e floor s6all consist ofF On $round >loors. <i= ase <ii= !nder .ed. <iii= Tile finis6. <.= <i= !nder .ed. <ii= Tile finis6.

16.+.$.

#e0eral

1/.(.2.1. <a=

16.+.%.

2aterials.

1/.(.-.1. 1/.(.-.2. <a= <.= <c= <d=

Ce+entE- T6e ce+ent used confor+ to I.'. 2(5.

s6all

TilesEF t6e ter+ tile used in t6is c6a9ter s6all a99l0 for t6e follo4ingE3lain Ce+ent tiles 3lain coloured tiles. TerraBo tiles C6eDuered@ e+.ossed or +anufactured non ce+ent tiles. s9eciall0 'li99er0

1/.(.-.2.1.

Tiles s6all confor+ to s9ecifications laid do4n in I.'. 12-). !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e 4earing surface of t6e tiles s6all .e +ec6anicall0 ru..ed atleast once .0 t6e +anufacturer and s6all 6ave unifor+ colour. T6e 4earing face of t6e tiles s6all .e 9lain and free fro+ 9roCections and de9ressions 4it6out crac*s and s6all .e 9arallel to t6e .otto+s surface

$-,

of t6e tile. 1/.(.-.2.2. T6e tiles s6all .e unifor+ in siBe@ true and sDuare 4it6 s6ar9 edges and free fro+ t4ist@ crac*s or ot6er defects. T6e 4earing la0er for coloured terraBBo tiles s6all consist of coloured terraBBo finis6 using +ar.le c6i9s of .est variet0. <as 9er s9ecification on terraBBo in situ flooring=. 3ig+entsE- 3ig+ents in-cor9orated in +ortar used for grouting Coint s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ent of a99endix of I.'. 255. ?aterEF ?ater used s6all .e clean and free fro+ oil@ acid@ al*ali@ organic or vegeta.le +atter. 'ea 4ater s6all not .e used. 'a+e as t6at for ce+ent concrete flooring. 1/.(.5.1. ase s6all .e 9re9ared in t6e +anner s9ecified in 1/.1 "i+e concrete .ase for floors. T6e tile 4or* s6all start onl0 after all t6e inside 4alls and ceiling 6ave .een 9lastered and door fra+es and 4indo4s 6ave .een fixed in 9lace and all 9reli+inar0 o9erations suc6 as la0ing of service 6as .een co+9leted. If t6e Engineer so desires or it .e s9ecified in t6e contract t6at t6e floor is to .e safeguarded against an0 da+9ness or 4ater finding 4a0 to t6e to9 of .ase or su. floor@ t6e .ase s6all .e covered 4it6 an effective 4ater 9roofing treat+ent file to 9rotect t6e floor against an0 da+9ness. ?6ere it is sus9ected t6at 4ater +a0 9ercolate fro+ t6e side 4alls@ $--

1/.(.-.-.

1/.(.-.2.

16.+.'. 16.+.(.

Preparatio0 o4 Su=-gra3e. Preparatio0 o4 Base.

16.+.+.

1/.(.(.1.

16.+.,.

Protectio0 Agai0st "a/pi0g.

1/.(.).1.

1/.(.).2.

t6e sa+e s6all also .e 9ro9erl0 4ater 9roofed u9to atleast 15 c+. a.ove t6e level of .ase. 16.+.-. &a03li0g a03 Storage o4 Tiles. 1/.(.,.1. T6e deliver0 of tiles s6all .e so arranged as to +ini+ise 6andling. AdeDuate 9recaution s6all .e ta*en to 9revent accidental da+age of tiles 46ile unloading. Clean@ dr0 storage s6all .e 9rovided at t6e site for all t6e +aterials. T6e tiles s6all .e storage in a roo+ or under suc6 cover as 4ill 9revent ex9osure to da+9@ sun@ rain@ accidental inCur0 or straining. T6ic*nessEF T6e t6ic*ness of .edding s6all not .e less t6an 1/ ++ and not +ore t6an 2/ ++ in an0 one 9lace. %ix.F!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified in t6e contract under .ed s6all co+9ro+ise of one 9art of sla*ed li+e and t6ree 9art of sand or sur*6i 9re9ared and trans9orted in t6e +anner s9ecified in s9ecification No. -.1 over %ortars. efore s9reading t6e li+e +ortar t6e .ase s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ suc+ or laitance@ and of loose +aterial@ and 4ell 4atered 4it6out letting 9ools for+ on t6e surface. In t6e case of reinforced concrete sla.s@ t6e to9 s6all .e left roug6 and t6e surface s6all .e scoured 4it6 .rus6 or .roo+ stic* 46ile it is still green. "a0ingEF 'creeds@ 9ro9erl0 leveled s6all .e fixed at t6e correct 6eig6t to suit t6e t6ic*ness of t6e screeded .ed. T6e li+e +ortar s6all .e s9read on t6e .ase and leveled 4it6 a screeding .oard. T6e slig6tl0 roug6 surface left .0 t6e screeding .oard for+s a $-5

1/.(.,.2.

16.+.5.

03er Be3.

1/.(.5.1.

1/.(.5.2.

1/.(.5.-.

1/.(.5.2.

satisfactor0 *e0 for t6e tiles. 1/.(.5.2.1. ?6erever .ig areas of floor are to .e titled@ t6e level of t6e central 9ortion of t6e floor s6all .e *e9t 1/ ++ to 22 ++ "ig6er t6an t6e level +ar*ed at t6e 4alls. >ixing of tiles s6all start after t6e .edding +ortar 6as .eco+e sufficientl0 6ard so as to offer a fairl0 rigid cus6ion 2 for t6e tiles and to ena.le t6e +ason to 9lace a 4ooden 9lan* across and 4or* on it. T6e tiles s6all .e soa*ed in 4ater for a.out 15 +inutes and t6en allo4ed to surface dr0. Neat ce+ent s6all .e s9read over t6e +ortar .ed@ over suc6 an area at a ti+e as 4ould acco++odate a.out 2/ tiles. T6e da+9 tiles s6all .e fixed in t6is ground one after t6e ot6er@ in t6e 9attern desired .0 t6e Engineer or s6o4n or dra4ings@ eac6 tile .eing gentl0 ta99ed 4it6 a 4ooden +allet till it is 9ro9erl0 .edded and in level 4it6 t6e adCoining tiles. T6e surface level s6all .e c6ec*ed and an0 unevenness o.served s6all .e corrected .0 rectif0ing t6e +ortar .ed. AointsEF T6e Coints s6all .e unifor+ is t6ic*ness and s6all .e in straig6t lines. T6e Coints .et4een t6e tiles s6all not exceed 1.5 ++ in 4idt6.

16.+.16

Tile Fi0ish.

1/.(.1/.1.

1/.(.1/.2.

1/.(.1/.-.

1/.(.1/.2.

1/.(.1/.5.

1/.(.1/.5.1 After t6e tiles 6ave .een laid in a roo+ . or t6e da0s fixing 4or* is co+9lete@ t6e sur9lus ce+ent grout@ t6at +a0 6ave co+e out of t6e Coints@ s6all .e cleaned of 4it6 sa4 dust.

$56

1/.(.1/.(.

T6e da0 after t6e tiles 6ave .een fixed@ Coints s6all .e refilled 4it6 ce+ent 9aste@ or grout of t6e sa+e or a99roxi+atel0 sa+e s6ade as t6e colour of t6e +atrix of t6e tile. efore t6e Coints are filled t6e0 s6all .e cleaned 4it6 a 4ire .rus6 or 4it6 t6e 9oint of a tro4el and an0 loose ce+ent or dust in t6e Coints s6all .e re+oved. In case 46ere t6e di+ensions of t6e roo+ +a0 not 9ossi.l0 .e adCusted to a +ulti9le of t6e tile di+ensions@ a fractional tile +a0 .e used to fill t6e s9ace. ?6en t6is extra s9ace is less t6an 25 ++@ it +a0 .e filled 4it6 a +ortar of suc6 9arts of sand@ +ar.le c6i9s and ce+ent@ coloured to +atc6 4it6 t6e tiles. Tiles 46ic6 are fixed in floor adCoining t6e 4all s6all go u9to t6e face of un9lastered 4all@ for t6is 9ur9ose t6e 4all 9laster +a0 .e left unfinis6ed a.ove t6e level of t6e 9ro9osed finis6ed floor level@ and t6e unfinis6ed stri9 +a0 .e 9lastered later on after t6e tiles are fixed and 9olis6ed. After fixing@ t6e flooring s6all .e allo4ed to +ature undistur.ed for seven da0s so t6at t6e .edding sets 9ro9erl0. After t6is it +a0 .e used for lig6t traffic. 1eav0 traffic s6all not .e allo4ed on t6e floor for atleast 12 da0s after fixing t6e tiles. 3olis6ing if s9ecified s6all .e co++enced onl0 after t6e floor as 4ell as t6e Coints 6ave dried u9. 3olis6ing +a0 .e done eit6er .0 6and or .0 +ac6ine. If 9olis6ed .0 6and@ t6e tiles s6all first .e t6oroug6l0 4etted do4n

1/.(.1/.).

1/.(.1/.,.

1/.(.1/.5.

16.+.11 .

Polishi0g.

1/.(.11.1.

1/.(.11.2.

$51

4it6 clean 4ater and ru..ed do4n 4it6 a suita.le 9olis6ing stone evenl0 and 4it6out scratc6ing t6e surface. T6ere after t6e floor s6all .e 4as6ed clean and again ru..ed 6ard 4it6 felt and slig6tl0 +oistened oxalic acid 9o4der. <a= <.= <c= >or leveling <!suall0 done in factories= 22 to (/. >or second grinding 12/ to 15/. >or final grinding 22/ to -5/.

1/.(.11.-.1 'ufficient Duantit0 of 4ater s6all . al4a0s .e used 46en 9olis6ing 4it6 +ac6ine to 9revent scratc6ing. 1/.(.11.2. After 9olis6ing@ t6e floor s6all .e ver0 carefull0 4as6ed clean and dried. 46en dr0 t6e floor s6all .e covered 4it6 oil free@ dr0 sa4 dust 46ic6 s6all .e re+oved onl0 after all t6e construction 4or*@ suc6 as 9ointing@ diste+9ering@ etc. in t6e area is finis6ed and Cust .efore it is occu9ied. ?6ere tiles 6ave .een su99lied and fixed in roug6 condition@ t6e first grinding s6all .e done at a.out seven da0s after fixing t6e tiles. A floor surfacing +ac6ine 4it6 car.orundu+ stone 22 to (/ grit s6all .e used and t6e tiles ground till t6e cross section of t6e +ar.le c6i9s or gains and sufficientl0 ex9osed. T6ere after t6e floor s6all .e t6oroug6l0 4as6ed and .rus6ed so as to re+ove an0 loose 9article or dust fro+ t6e 9ores and Coints of t6e tiles. T6e 9ores and Coints s6all t6en .e filled 4it6 coloured ce+ent 9aste or grout@ t6e colour .eing as far as 9ossi.le of t6e sa+e s6ade as of t6e +atrix of t6e tiles. T6e $5$

16.+.1$ .

Polishi0g o4 Rough Tiles

1/.(.12.1.

1/.(.12.2.

filling s6all .e fir+l0 ru..ed into t6e surface of t6e tiles so t6at all t6e 9ores are 4ell and 9ro9erl0 filled. 16.+.1% . S:irti0gs ? "a3o Aor:. 1/.(.1-.1. Tile s*irting and dado 4or* 46ere reDuired s6all .e done onl0 after la0ing t6e tiles on t6e floor. T6e 9ortion of t6e 4all to .e so laid s6all .e left un9lastered. efore fixing tiles on 4all@ t6e 4all surface s6all first .e 4etted 4it6 clean 4ater. T6ereafter@ it s6all .e evenl0 and unifor+l0 covered 4it6 a coating of li+e +ortar a.out 2/ ++ t6ic*. efore t6e cus6ioning +ortar 6as 6ardened@ t6e .ac* of eac6 tile to .e fixed s6all .e covered 4it6 t6in la0er of neat ce+ent 9aste and t6e tile s6all t6en .e gentl0 ta99ed against t6e 4all 4it6 a 4ooden +allet. T6e fixing s6all .e done fro+ t6e .otto+ of t6e 4all u94ards. Eac6 tile s6all .e fixed as close as 9ossi.le to t6e one adCoining. '*irtings and dado8s s6all .e 9olis6ed .0 6and as in 1/.(.11.2. >looring including 9roviding la0ing and fixing 4or* s6all .e +easured net and t6e area covered s6all .e given in 'D. +etres. '*irting and dado 4or*s s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. 3olis6ing if desired to .e carried out s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities.

1/.(.1-.2.

1/.(.1-.-. 16.+.1' . 2o3e o4 2easur e/e0t. 1/.(.12.1.

1/.(.12.2. 1/.(.12.-.

$5%

16.,. 16.+.1. Scope.

BRIC9 ON E"#E F!OORIN# 1/.).1.1. T6is '9ecification covers t6e 9attern and +ode of la0ing ric* on Edge >looring. T6e flooring s6all consist of Ease of "i+e Concrete or "ean Ce+ent Concrete or .ric* laid "a9in li+e +ortar. ric* on Edge to99ing. ric*s used for .ase s6all .e class II or calls I as s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities@ confor+ing to s9ecifications laid do4n in 2.-. over ric*s. ric*s used for to99ing s6all confor+ to t6e s9e-cifications laid do4n in 2.-. for class I@ .ric*s. 'a+e as in Ce+ent Concrete flooring. ase of "i+e Concrete or "ean ce+ent concrete +ix s6all .e sa+e as for ce+ent concrete flooring. Bricks laid flatE- %oist .ric*s s6all .e laid on its flat side 4it6 frog on to9@ in "i+e +ortar 1E- +ix@ 9re9ared and trans9orted in t6e +anner s9ecified in '9ecification No. -.1. over li+e +ortar. <In case of %etric .ric*s. T6ere s6all .e no difference .et4een .ric*s laid flat and .ric*s laid on edge=. ric*s s6all .e soa*ed in clean 4ater for 6alf and 6our an 6our .efore .eing 9laced. Preparation of SurfaceE- T6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned re+oving all dirt and loose aggregates fro+ t6e surface .0 +eans of a 4ire .roo+ and t6e surface t6en 4ell +oistened.

16.,.$.

#e0eral.

1/.).2.1. <a=

<.= 16.,.%. Bric:s. 1/.).-.1.

1/.).-.2

16.,.'. 16.,.(.

Preparatio0 o4 Su=-gra3e. Preparatio0 o4 Base.

1/.).2.1 1/.).5.1.

1/.).5.2

16.,.+.

Bric: o4 e3ge Toppi0g

1/.).(.1.

1/.).(.2

$5'

1/.).(.-.

Mortar mix:- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified .ric*s s6all .e laid in ce+ent sand +ortar +ix 1E(@ confor+ing to s9eci-fications laid do4n over ce+ent sand +ortar <'9ecification No.-.-.=. T6e .ric*s s6all .e laid evenl0 to t6e reDuired 'lo9e in 6eader and stretc6er 9attern or in X6erring .one 9atternU. T6e .ric*s s6all .e laid on edge so as to give t6e t6ic*ness s9ecified in t6e 'c6edule of Duantities. T6e Coints s6all not exceed ( ++ and s6all .e filled soled 4it6 +ortar for full de9t6. T6e Coints s6all .e ra*ed out for atleast 1/ ++ de9t6 and 9ointed 46t ce+ent sand +ortar 1E- +ix@ T6e flooring s6all .e +oist cured for atleast 1/ da0s. >looring s6all .e +easured net and t6e area cove-red s6all .e given in sD. +etres s9ecif0ing t6e .ase and its t6ic*-ness. $routing of side Coints or ra*ing out +ortar and 9ointing s6all .e included in t6e ite+. If flooring is laid in an0 ot6er s9ecial 9attern it s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

1/.).(.2.

16.,.,.

Doi0ts.

1/.).).1.

1/.).).2.

16.,.-. 16.,.5.

Curi0g. 2o3e o4 /easure/e0t

1/.).,.1. 1/.).5.1.

1/.).5.2.

1/.).5.-.

$5(

16.-. 16.-.1. Scope.

#RANO!IT&IC F!OOR FINIS& 1/.,.1.1. T6e s9ecification covers t6e +ode of la0ing and finis6ing of $ranolit6ic floors .ot6 of Integral and .onded t09es. >looring@ if laid on ground@ s6all consist ofEF aseEF "aid over co+9acted su.grade. $ranolit6ic F >inis6. If laid on u99er floors no .ase s6all .e reDuired. Ce+entEF Ordinar0 gre0 3ortland ce+ent confor+ing to I.'. 2(5. ?aterEF ?ater used s6all .e clean and free fro+ oil@ acid@ al*ali or solu.le salts etc. Coarse 'and or >ine AggregatesEF >ine aggregates s6all consist of clean@ dura.le 9articles and s6all .e free fro+ all i+9urities. Aggregates s6all .e of $rading Oone I@ or $rading Oone II@ confor+ing to s9ecification No. 211.$reat care s6ould .e ta*en on t6e selection of aggregate as t6e .e6aviour of t6e floor s6all .e de9endent on t6e Dualit0 of aggregates. Coarse AggregateEF T6e coarse aggregates s6all consists of graded .ro*en granite or eDuall0 6ard stone and s6all .e 6ard@ dura.le@ clean and free fro+ an0 deleterious +atter.

16.-.$.

#e0eral.

1/.,.2.1. <a= <.= 1/.,.2.2.

16.-.%.

2aterial 4or #ra0olithic Fi0ish.

1/.,.-.1.

1/.,.-.2.

1/.,.-.-.

1/.,.-.2.

16.-.'. 16.-.(. 16.-.+.

Preparatio0 o4 Su=-#ra3e. Base. Protectio0 Agai0st "a/p0ess.

1/.,.2.1. 1/.,.5.1. 1/.,.(.1.

'a+e as for V"i+e concrete .ase for floorsW. 'a+e as for ce+ent concrete flooring. If t6e Engineer so desires or it .e s9ecified in t6e contract t6at t6e floor is to .e safe-guarded against an0 da+9ness or 4ater finding 4a0 to t6e to9 of .ase or su. floor t6e .ase s6all .e covered 4it6 an effective 4ater

$5+

9roofing fil+ to 9rotect t6e floor against an0 da+9ness. 16.-.,. #ar0olithic Fi0ish. 1/.,.).1. Classification of finis6E- T6e finis6 s6all .e an0 one of t6e follo4ing t09eE Intergral finis6E >inis6 laid@ 46ile concrete .ase or structural sla. is still in 9lastic stage. onded finis6EF >inis6 laid@ 46ile concrete .ase or structural sla. is still in 9lastic stage. T6ic*ness of $ranolit6ic finis6E !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e follo4ing t6ic*ness s6all .e ado9ted. Integral finis6E >or integral finis6 t6e t6ic*ness ado9ted s6all .e 25 ++. onded finis6 E- T6ic*ness ado9ted s6all .e 2/ ++. %ixE- T6e +ix ratio used s6all .e as stated in t6e sc6edule of &ates@ t6e usual ratios used .eing as under EOne 9art of 3ortland ce+ent to t4o 9arts of fine aggregate suc6 as .er0 coarse sand. One 9art of 3ortland ce+ent@ one 9art of fine aggregate suc6 as coarse sand and one 9art of still coarser aggregate consisting of clean@ 6ard@ crus6ed@ roc* li*e granite. >or 6arder surfaces@ 46ere floor is su.Cect to considera.le 4ear suc6 as truc*ing@ +ixture co+9osed of one 9art of ce+ent@ 6alf 9art of coarse sand@ and one and a 6alf 9arts of coarser aggregates +a0 .e used. >or s9ecial dut0 floors a.rasive grit +a0 .e s9rin*led o.er t6e surface during floating o9erations at t6e rate of 1.5 7g. to 2 7g.N+2.

1/.,.).1.1.

1/.,.).1.2.

1/.,.).2.

<a=

<.= 1/.,.).-.

<a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

$5,

1/.,.).2.

3re9aration of aseE- >or integral finis6 t6e granolit6ic +ix +ust .e 9laced 4it6in 1M 6ours of la0ing t6e .ase concrete or 'tructural sla.@ 46ic6 at t6e ti+e of 9lastic. If t6ere is an0 excess of 4ater or laitance on t6e surface@ t6e sa+e +ust .e re+oved .efore la0ing t6e $rano-finis6. onded-finis6E- T6e surface s6all .e cleaned of all dirt@ laitance@ oil etc. and t6en soa*ed 4it6 4ater. T6e free 4ater fro+ t6e .ase .eing re+oved@ a coat of a +ixture of ce+ent and 4ater of t6e consistenc0 of t6ic* crea+ s6all .e .rus6ed on to t6e surface Cust 9rior to 9lacing t6e to99ing. %ixingE- T6oroug6 +ixing of t6e +aterials s6all .e carried out so t6at all t6e aggregate 9articles get coated 4it6 +ortar <or ce+ent in case of +ortar +ix= and t6e 46ole +ass gives a unifor+ a99earance. %ixing and trans9ortation s6all confor+ to s9ecifications laid do4n@ for 9lain ce+ent concrete.

1/.,.).2.1.

1/.,.).5

1/.,.).5.1.

1/.,.).(.

'iBe of 3anelE- ?6en t6e granolit6ic to99ing is over a 6ardened .ase it s6all .e laid in alternate sections not exceeding 2 +2. in area@ eac6 side not exceeding 1/5 +. t6e inter-+ediate sections .eing laid t4o da0s after-4ards. T6e for+s s6all .e suc6 t6at t6ese do not get dis9laced during t6e 9lacing of concrete or +ortar. "a0ingE- T6e +ix s6all .e laid i++ediatel0 after t6e +ixing is over@ on t6e fres6l0 grouted .ase in case of .onded finis6 and on t6e green .ase in case of integral finis6. It s6all .e s9read evenl0 and straig6t edged carefull0@ an0 lo4 9lace

1/.,.).).

$5-

.eing filled@ 6u+9s re+oved and t6e 46ole surface again straig6t edged.. 1/.,.).,. Co+9actionE- As soon as t6e la0er is even@ t6e surface s6all .e ra9idl0 co+9acted .0 ra++ing or .eating and screeded to a unifor+ line@ leveled and floated. In case it is desired t6e surface s6all .e +ade non s*id .0 dusting car.orundu+ 9o4der on t6e to9 .efore tro4elling 4it6 steel floats at t6e rate of 1.5 *g. to 2 *g.N'D.+. Tro4ellingE-Tro4elling 4it6 steel float s6all .e co++enced onl0 after t6e surface 6as 6ardness sufficientl0@ so as to guard t6e aggregate 9articles fro+ .eing dislodge. T6e o9eration s6all .e 9erfor+ed 4it6 6eav0 9ressure so as to 9roduce a dense@ s+oot6 4ater tig6t surface free fro+ .le+is6es.

1/.,.).5.

1/.,.).1/.

1/.,.).1/.1 On no account s6all neat ce+ent or dr0 . ce+ent and sand +ixture .e s9rin*led over t6e surface 4it6 t6e o.Cect of a.sor.ing +oisture for 6astening t6e ti+e of tro4elling or for o.taining a s+oot6 surface. 16.-.-. Curi0g. 1/.,.,.1. I++ediatel0 after final tro4elling@ t6e surface s6all .e 9rotected fro+ ra9id dr0ing. As soon as it 6as 6ardened sufficientl0@ it s6all .e covered 4it6 clean sand in a la0er of 2/ ++ t6ic*ness and *e9t flooded 4it6 4ater for atleast 12 da0s. It is +ost i+9ortant for t6e ric6 +ix used in $rano-finis6 t6at adeDuate curing is carried out ot6er4ise it +a0 result in s6rin*age crac*es. After ) da0s of la0ing t6e finis6@ t6e surface s6all .e ground .0 surface grinding +ac6ines. After t6e floor 6as dried@ t6e surface

16.-.5.

#ri03i0g.

1/.,.5.1.

16.-.16

Sur4ace

1/.,.1/.1.

$55

"ressi0g.

s6all .e given t6ree coats of sodiu+ silicate eac6 after t6e 9revious one 6ad dried and scru..ed 4it6 4ater. 1/.,.11.1. T6e $rano-finis6 s6all .e +easured net@ t6e area .eing given in 'D. +etres s9ecif0ing t6e +ix and t6ic*ness of t6e finis6. A.rasive grit@ or car.orundu+ 9o4der if s9rin*led s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. s

16.-.11

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1/.,.11.2.

%66

16.5 !INO!E 2 F!OOR 16.5.1. Scope. 1/.5.1.1. T6is c6a9ter covers +et6ods of la0ing s6eet "inoleu+ on different t09es of .ase. '6eet "inoleu+E- T6e ad6esives used in "inoleu+ floors s6all .e one of t6ese descri.ed under 1/.5.2.2.1 to 1/.5.2.2.2. T6e t09e to .e used s6all de9end on local conditions and t6e availa.ilit0 of t6e ad6esives. Ad6esivesE- T6e ad6esives used in "inoleu+ floors s6all .e one for t6ese descri.ed under 1/.5.2.2.1 to 1/.5.2.2.2. T6e t09e to .e used s6all de9end on local conditions and t6e availa.ilit0 of t6e ad6esives. Vegeta.le and case in $luesE- T6ese ad6esives s6all nor+all0 .e used exce9t under follo4ing circu+stances. ?6en floors are to .e used 4it6in a s6ort 9eriod@ as t6ese ad6esives t6e so+e ti+e to 6arden. ?6en lot of 4ater is li*el0 to .e s9lit on t6e linoleu+. "iginin 9astesE- T6ese t09es of ad6esives 6ave t6e sa+e defects as t6ose of vegeta.le and case in glues exce9t t6e t6ese area +ore resistant to 4ater.

16.5.$.

2aterials.

1/.5.2.1.

1/.5.2.2

1/.5.2.2.1.

<a=

<.= 1/.5.2.2.2.

1/.5.2.2.-.

$u+ '9irit Ad6esivesE- T6ese t09es of ad6esives s6all .e used in t6e circu+stances. ?6en da+9ness is lia.le to get access .ut t6ere is no al*alinit0 46ic6 +a0 rise t6roug6 4et concrete. itu+en &u..er E+ulsions and 'olutions E- T6ese t09es of ad6esives are X One c6anceU ad6esives t6at is 46en t6e "inoleu+ is 9laced on t6ere it is fixed and cannot .e slid into %61

1/.5.2.2.2

9osition. T6ese are resistant to 4ater and 46en set@ are 4aterre9ellent 46en used as ad6esives@ t6e0 s6all not 6o4ever@ .e ta*en to serve as da+9 9roof courses. 16.5.%. Thic:0ess o4 Sheeti0g 1/.5.-.1. "inoleu+ used s6all .e of a t6ic*ness adeDuate for t6e condition of surface. T6e t6ic*nesses as given in ta.le .elo4 s6all nor+all0 .e ado9ted. TAB!E NO. 1 'ituation. >or 9u.lic .uildings@ cine+as@ restaurants@ s6i9s and t6e li*e. >or Office@ s6o9s and t6e li*e. >or residential .uildings. >or 6ouses in lig6tl0 used areas #e9ending on t6e use. T6ic*ness. (./ to (.) ++. -.2 to 2.5 ++. -.2 ++. "ess t6an -.2 ++.

16.5.'.

Preparatio0 o4 Su= 4loor a03 Base.

1/.5.2.1.

T6e su. floors s6all .e treated as to render t6e surface 9erfectl0 level and dr0. Ti+.erEF All nail 6eads s6all .e 9unc6ed do4n@ irregularities 9lanned off and 6oles filled 4it6 9lasters@ 9lastic 4ood or si+ilar fillers. ecause of t6e ris* of dr0 rot@ 4ood .loc*s and .oarded floor on concrete on t6e ground s6all not .e covered 4it6 "inoleu+@ unless an efficient da+9 9roof +e+.rane in t6e concrete .elo4 t6e .loc*s or .oards 6as .een 9rovided. In t6e case of an existing Ti+.er floor@ covered 4it6 .oarding 46en it is not 9ossi.le to o.tain even surface or in case of dr0 rot@ t6e use of diagonal .oardings is reco++ended@ after re+oving and re9lacing so+e of t6e .adl0 affected .oarding and filling in t6e crac* 4it6 9lastic 4ood or %6$

1/.5.2.2. 1/.5.2.2.1.

1/.5.2.2.2.

si+ilar filler and after disinfecting t6e floor. Alternativel0@ 9l04ood to99ing on t6e existing .oarding also gives an even surface. It s6all .e seen t6at t6e floor is 4ell ventilated and if it is a ground floor@ .0 +eans of air ducts in t6e outer 4alls and slee9er 4alls 4it6 6one0 co+.ed 9attern for free circulation of air. 1/.5.2.-. ConcreteEF A concrete su. floor on t6e ground intended as a .ase for linoleu+ s6all contain as effective da+9 9roof course. It s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 a tro4el and s6all .e left long enoug6 for t6e concrete a.ove t6e da+9 9roof course to dr0 out. #a+9 9roofing s6all .e carried out as directed .0 t6e Engineer. efore lenoleu+ is laid@ a+9le ti+e s6all .e allo4ed for t6e 4ater to dr0 fro+ .ot6 u99er and ground concrete floors. A +ini+u+ 9eriod of 2 4ee*s s6all .e allo4ed for dr0ing under nor+al conditions. In ne4 4or*s t6e finis6 reDuired for la0ing linoleu+ s6all .e 9roduced 4it6 a steel tro4el on a screed a99lied to t6e .ase concrete. ?it6 old concrete if t6e surface is onl0 slig6tl0 uneven t6e 6oles s6all .e filled 4it6 a s*i+ la0er of 9ro9rietar0 .itu+en ce+ent leveling coat. >or roug6er surface an under la0 of latex ce+ent s6all .e used. If su. floor are dust0 a 9ri+er coat of .itu+en e+ulsion s6all .e used .efore using an ad6esive. TilesE- If area is dr0 or a da+9 9roof course is 9resent@ t6e linoleu+ s6all .e laid on an under felt@ 46ic6 4ill 9revent t6e tile

1/.5.2.-.1.

1/.5.2.-.2.

1/.5.2.-.-.

1/.5.2.2.

%6%

9attern fro+ s6o4ing t6roug6. 16.5.(. !a1i0g a03 4i7i0g o4 !i0oleu/. 1/.5.5.1. "inoleu+ s6all .e laid eit6er loose or fixed to t6e .ase .0 +eans of a suita.le ad6esive ad descri.ed under 1/.5.2.2. All t6ic*nesses fro+ 2./ ++ to t6e 6eaviest guage s6all .e .onded to t6e .ase. >ixing an !nderla0E- ?6ere a felt underla0 is used all surfaces to .e covered s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned free fro+ dust and dirt. No surface s6all .e cleaned 4it6 4ater as dr0ness is essential. T6e felt s6all .e +e assured and cut exactl0 to siBe and fixed 4it6 a suita.le ad6esive. T6e felt s6all .e cut Cointed and laid so t6at t6e Coints run in a direction at rig6t angles to t6e Coints in t6e linoleu+ 46en laid. "oose '9readingEF "inoleun s6all .e *e9t at a te+9erature not less t6an 2//C for atleast 2, 6ours .efore it is unrolled. It s6all .e laid out flat for several da0s .efore it is cut to siBe .ecause after .eing unrolled@ it s6rin*s in lengt6 and ex9ands in 4idt6. ?6en t4o 4idt6s of linoleu+ +eet. T6e0 s6all .e left 4it6 one overla99ing t6e ot6er until ex9ansion 6as sto99ed and cut to fit. >ixingEefore fixing linoleu+@ t6e .ase s6all .e tested to see 46et6er it is adeDuatel0 dr0. T6e .ase over 46ic6 t6e linoleu+ is to .e fixed s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned free fro+ dust and dirt. C6e+icals@ oil 9aints or grease. T6e ad6esive s6all .e s9read over t6e .ase and allo4ed to .eco+e tac*0. T6e section 46ic6 tends to rise s6all .e 4eig6ted do4n 46en laid directl0 on concrete@ it is desira.le to 9ri+e t6e .ac* of

1/.5.5.2.

1/.5.5.-.

1/.5.5.2.

%6'

t6e +aterial 4it6 ad6esive. 1/.5.5.2.1. ?6en linoleu+ is to .e stuc* do4n@ t6ere is no need to 4ait for ex9ansion to occur .ecause t6e ad6esive restrains +ove+ent. It s6all .e cut closel0 to siBe and fitted loose on t6e floor. One 6alf of t6e s6eet is turned .ac* into t6e centre and ad6esive is s9read on t6at 6alf of t6e floor or@ 46ere reDuired@ on .ot6 floor and linoleu+. After an interval of ti+e a99ro9riate for t6e ad6esive used@ t6e linoleu+ s6all .e rolled on to t6e floor@ 4or*ing fro+ centre to t6e 4alls. A )/ 7g. "inoleu+ roller is a convenient tool for t6is o9erations. If necessar0 t6e linoleu+ +a0 .e loaded 4it6 sand .ags at various 9oints until t6e ad6esive 6as gri9ed. An0 ad6esive conta+inating t6e face of t6e flooring s6all .e re+oved as soon as 9ossi.le@ and in an0 case 4it6in t6e setting ti+e. ?6en t6e flooring 6as .een securel0 fixed@ it s6all .e cleaned 4it6 soa9 and 4ar+ 4ater and t6en 4axed. "inoleu+ coving and s*irtings s6all .e for+ed fro+ s6eet +aterial on t6e Co. in grades u9to -.2 ++ t6ic*. >irst cove stic*@ s6all .e fixed in t6e angle .et4een floor and 4all to give t6e correct contour to t6e cove. T6e linoleu+@ in t6e lengt6 u9to 2.5 +. is turned 1( c+. !9 t6e 4all and runs 15 c+. On to t6e floor. &adius of curvature of coving and s*irting s6all not .e less t6an 12.5 c+. "inoleu+ s6eeting s6all .e +easured in 'D. %etres. T6e +aterial s6all .e descri.ed stating t6e t6ic*ness.

16.5.+.

Clea0i0g o44.

1/.5.(.1.

16.5.,.

!i0oleu/ Co8i0g a03 S:irti0g.

1/.5.).1.

16.5.-.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1/.5.,.1. 1/.5.,.2.

%6(

1/.5.,.-.

Coving laid dr0 or sealed do4n 4it6 ad6esive s6all eac6 .e +easured se9aratel0 and s6all include all stretc6ing@ cutting and fitting. An underla0@ if 9rovided@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. "inoleu+ coving s6all .e +easured in running +etres.

1/.5.,.2. 1/.5.,.5.

%6+

C&APTER-11-

A&ITE AN" CO!O R AAS&IN#B PAINTIN# AN" OT&ER FINIS&ES. 11.1. A&ITE AAS&IN#

11.1.1.

Scope.

11.1.1.1.

T6is s9ecification for 46ite 4as6ing la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of surface and a99lication of 46ite 4as6 over it and its +ode of +easure+ent. ?6ite 4as6 +a0 .e a99lied over un9lastered .ric*-4or*@ stone +asonr0 and all 9lastered surfaces. "i+eE-"i+e used for 46ite 4as6ing s6all .e fres6l0 .urnt class C li+e of 9urel0 46ite colour confor+ing to s9ecification No. 2.(. ?aterE- ?ater s6all .e clear@ drin*a.le@ free fro+ all organic and sus9ended i+9urities. $u+E- It s6all .e of t6e Dualit0 a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. !ltra+arine lueE- t6is s6all confor+ to I.'. 5/-155/. Ne4 'urfaceEF T6e surface s6all .e .oo+ed to clean all dirt@ dust@ +ortar dro9s and ot6er foreign +atter@ .e fore 46ite 4as6 is a99lied. Ce+ent 9lastered surfaces to .e 46ite 4as6ed s6all .e left slig6tl0 roug6 and s+oot6 finis6 .0 steel float s6all not .e o.tained .0 rendering of 9ure ce+ent. Old surfacesEF 'urface alread0 46ite 4as6edEF T6e surfaces 46ic6 6ave once .een 46ite 4as6ed t6e old surface s6all .e .roo+ed do4n to re+ove all loose scale@ dust@ dirt and ot6er foreign +atter. In s9ecial cases t6e Engineer Inc6arge +a0 order t6e re+oval of t6e fil+ over t6e entire surface .0 ru..ing do4n or scra9ing. 'urface alread0 colour 4as6edEF ?6ere t6e surfaces 6ave once .een %6,

11.1.$.

2aterials.

11.1.2.1.

11.1.2.2.

11.1.2.-. 11.1.2.2. 11.1.%. Preparatio0 o4 Sur4ace. 11.1.-.1.

11.1.-.2. <a=

<.=

9reviousl0 colour 4as6ed t6e old colour 4as6 +ust .e entirel0 re+oved .efore t6e 46ite 4as6 is a99lied. t6e surface s6all .e 9re9ared .0 .roo+ing do4n@ steel 4ire .rus6ing@ scra9ing or ot6er +eans as +a0 .e ordered to 9roduce an a99roved clean and fair surface. <c= Old surfaces s9oiled sootE- T6e surfaces s6all .e ru..ed 4it6 over-.urnt sur*6i or .ric* .ats <76anCara= or steel 4ire .rus6es or .0 scra9ing as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ .roo+ing and 4as6ing t6e surface and t6en a 9ri+ing coat of c6ar coal 9o4der +ixed in 46ite 4as6 s6all .e a99lied and allo4ed to dr0 .efore t6e coat of 46ite 4as6 is a99lied. Oil@ and grease s9ots or s+oot6 surfaces s6all .e ru..ed 4it6 76anCara or an0 ot6er suita.le +aterial. All unsound 9ortions of t6e surface 9laster s6all .e re+oved to full de9t6 of 9laster in rectangular 9atc6es and 9lastered again@ after ra*ing t6e +asonr0 Coints 9ro9erl0. 'uc6 9ortions 46en dried s6all .e given one coat of 46ite 4as6ing. All undesira.le nails s6all .e re+oved and t6e 6oles and crea*s sto99ed 4it6 +ortar si+ilar in co+9ositions to t6e surface to .e sto99ed. No 9art of scaffolding s6all rest against or touc6 t6e surface to .e 46ite 4as6ed. 'caffolding s6all .e s6od 4it6 gunn0 .ags to 9revent da+age or scratc6es to t6e 4alls and floors. >or 46ite 4as6ing t6e ceiling@ external 4alls etc. 9ro9er scaffoldings dul0 a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ s6all .e erected. ?6ite 4as6 s6all .e 9re9ared .0 t6oroug6l0 sla*ing t6e li+e at site in a dru+ or an0 ot6er vessel. 'la*ing s6all .e carried %6-

<d=

<e=

11.1.'.

Sca44ol3i0g.

11.1.2.1.

11.1.(.

Preparatio0 o4 Ahite >ash.

11.1.5.1.

out for at least 22 6ours. ?ater s6all .e added to t6e sla*ed li+e at t6e rate of a.out 5 litres 9er 7g. of unslac*ed li+e it s6all t6en .e stirred and strained t6roug6 a clean coarse lot6. 11.1.5.2. $u+ solution 9re9ared .0 dissolving in 4ater 1/ g+s. of gu+ for eac6 7ilogra+ of unsla*ed li+e or a.out 5 litres of li+e s6all .e added in 46ite 4as6 solution used for t6e final coat. '+all Duantit0 of ultra+arine .lue s6all also .edded to t6e last t4o coats solution and t6e 46ole stirred t6oroug6l0 .efore use. T6e o9eration for eac6 coat s6all consist of a vertical stro*e of .rus6 given fro+ to9 do4n4ards@ anot6er fro+ .otto+ u94ards i++ediatel0 a99lied over t6e first one@ and si+ilarl0 one 6oriBontal stro*e a99lied .0 .rus6ing fro+ rig6t left 4ards i++ediatel0 follo4ed .0 one fro+ left rig6t 4ards. 1oriBontal stro*e s6all .e a99lied 46ile t6e vertical stro*e is still 4et. Next coat s6all .e co++enced onl0 46en t6e 9revious coating 6as dried t6oroug6l0. T6e 8%oonC8 .rus6 s6all .e di99ed in 46ite 4as6@ 9ressed lig6tl0 against t6e 4all of t6e container@ and t6en a99lied .0 lig6tl0 9ressing against t6e surface 4it6 full s4ing of 6and. Eac6 successive .rus6 s6all .e carried over fro+ t6e 9roceeding one. ?6ite 4as6 over t6e ceiling s6all .e done .efore t6at on t6e 4alls. Over 4all 46ite 4as6ing s6all .e started fro+ t6e ceiling end and t6e final coat s6all .e vertical. #oors@ 4indo4s@ floors and ot6er articles of furniture etc. s6all .e *e9t 9rotected fro+ s9las6es. '9las6ing and dro99ings@ if an0@ s6all .e 4as6ed 4it6 4ater@ or re+oved .0 an0 ot6er +eans as

11.1.+.

Applicatio0 o4 Ahite Aash.

11.1.(.2.

11.1.,.

Protectio0.

11.1.).1.

%65

desired .0 t6e Engineer and t6e surface cleaned. 11.1.-. Fi0ish. 11.1.,.1. T6e surface 46en dr0@ s6all 9resent a s+oot6 and unifor+ finis6@ free fro+ .rus6 +ar*s and an0 sign of crac*ing. ?6ite 4as6ing s6all include 9re9aration of surface ot6er t6an re+oval of fil+ over t6e entire surface .0 ru..ing@ scra9ing@ 9roviding of 9ro9er scaffolding and a99lication of 46ite 4as6 as s9ecified a.ove. ?or* on old and ne4 surfaces s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in sDuare +etres@ nu+.er of coats a99lied .eing s9ecified. 3re9aration of surface .0 re+oval of t6e fil+ over t6e entire surface .0 ru..ing or scra9ing s6all .e +easured as extra over ite+ of 46ite 4as6ing. !nless s9ecified ot6er4ise s9ecified re9air 4or*s viB. re+oving of nails and +a*ing good 6oles@ crac*s@ 9atc6es etc. not exceeding /.1 sD. +etre eac6 and not +ore t6an MJ of t6e surface in total s6all .e incident to t6e 4or* of 46ite 4as6ing and t6ose exceeding /.1 sD. +etre eac6 s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etre eac6 s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres in accordance to c6a9ter No. 2 for 9laster. No deduction s6all .e +ade for ends of Coints@ .ea+s@ 9ost@ for o9enings not exceeding /.5 sD.+. eac6 and no addition s6all .e +ade for reveals@ Coints@ soffits@ Ca+.s@ sills etc. of t6ese o9enings. In case of o9ening exceeding /.5 sD.+. .ut not exceeding - sD.+. eac6 in area@ deduction s6all .e +ade for one face onl0@ 46en .ot6 t6e faces of 4all are treated 4it6 t6e sa+e finis6. In case t6e faces are treated 4it6

11.1.5.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

11.1.5.1.

11.1.5.2.

11.1.5.-.

11.1.5.2.

11.1.5.5.

%16

different finis6es t6e deduction for o9ening s6all .e +ade fro+ t6e finis6 on t6e side of fra+es of doors@ 4indo4s etc. on 46ic6 t6e 4idt6 of reveal is less t6an t6at on t6e ot6er sideE no deduction s6all .e +ade for t6e o9ening fro+ ot6er side. 11.1.5.(. >or o9enings exceeding - sD.+. eac6 in area deductions s6all .e +ade for .ot6 t6e faces of t6e o9ening@ and Ca+.s@ soffits@ sills etc. s6all .e +easured. Corrugated surfaces s6all .e +easured flat as fixed and not girt6ed. T6e Duantities so +easured s6all .e increased .0 t6e follo4ing 9ercentagesEF Corrugated steel s6eets ............ 12J. A.C. '6eets 4it6 large corrugations e.g. .ig s6eets ............................ 2/J A.C. '6eets corrugated e.g. Trafford s6eets ........................................ 1/J Cornices and ot6er %ouldingsEF T6ese s6all .e girt6ed and 46ite 4as6ing t6e cornices and +ouldings included 4it6 t6e general 46ite 4as6ing.

11.1.5.).

<i= <ii=

<iii=

11.1.5.,.

%11

SPECIFICATIONS
FOR &O SE "RAINA#E

%1$

11.$. CO!O R AAS&IN# 11.2.1 . Scope . 11.2.1.1. T6e s9ecification for colour 4as6ing la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration and a99lication of colour 4as6. Colour 4as6 +a0.e a99lied over un9lastered .ric* 4or*@ stone +asonr0 and all 9lastered surfaces. Colouring 3ig+ents Eule Vitriol <Neela-T6ot6a= 0ello4 and &ed Oc6re <&a+raC and 1ir+ic6= confor+ing to relevant Indian 'tandards s6all .e used for 9re9aring colour 4as6 of .lue@ 0ello4@ &ed and 3in* s6ades@ different ot6er s6ades can also .e o.tained .0 t6eir +ixtures in 9ro9er ratio. "i+e colours in var0ing s6ades are also availa.le in +ar*et under sealed 9ac*ets and a99roved +a*e of t6ese s6all .e used@ if s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. T6e s9ecification for 46ite 4as6ing s6all a99l0 to t6is 4or* also t6e difference .eing t6at t6e s9ecified colour 4as6 solution s6all .e o.tained .0 adding t6e necessar0 9ig+ent to t6e 46ite 4as6 and t6at t6e 9re9aration of surface alread0 colour 4as6ed s6all .e sa+e as surface alread0 46ite 4as6ed. 'ufficient Duantif0 of colour 4as6 enoug6 for t6e co+9lete Co. s6all 9re9ared in one o9eration to avoid an0 difference in s6ade. A 9iece of /.1 sD. +etres of t6e 9re9ared surface s6all .e colour 4as6ed 4it6 9re9ared solution in full nu+.er of coats @ and t6e s6ade so o.tained s6all .e got a99roved .e t6e Engineer. It s6all .e noted t6at s+all sa+9le of colour a99ears lig6ter in s6ade t6an 46en t6e sa+e s6ades are a99lied 9recisel0 to large surfaces. An0 c6ange in tint desired .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e carried out. 3re9aration of t6e colour 4as6 4it6 so+e of t6e +ost co++onl0 used 9ig+ents s6all .e as follo4s E?it6 0ello4 and &ed Oc6re E- 'olid lu+9@ if an0@ in t6e 9o4der@ s6all .e crus6ed to 9o4der and solution in 4ater 9re9ared and

11.2.2 .

2aterials .

11.2.2.1.

11.2..

#e0eral .

11.2.-.1.

11.2.2 .

Preparatio0 o4 11.2.2.1. Colour >ash .

11.2.2.1.1 .

%1%

t6en added to 46it 4as6 sieving it t6roug6 a coarse clot6 +ixed evenl0 and t6oroug6l0 to 46ite 4as6 in s+all Duantities@ till t6e reDuired s6ade is o.tained. 11.2.2.1.2 . ?it6 Vitriol E- >res6 cr0stals of 60drous co99er sul96ate <i.e. lue Vitriol = s6all .e ground to fine 9o4der and dissolved in s+all Duantit0 of 4ater. 'ufficient Duantit0 of solution enoug6 to 9roduce t6e colour 4as6 of reDuired s6ade s6all .e strained t6roug6 a clean coarse clot6. T6e filtrate .eing +ixed evenl0 and t6oroug6l0 to t6e 46ite 4as6. Colour 4as6 fro+ ot6er colouring 9ig+ents s6all .e 9re9ared in accordance 4it6 t6e instructions of t6e +anufacturer. 3ri+ing Coats E On ne4 surfaces and old surfaces reDuiring a c6ange of colour@ t4o of 46ite 4as6 s6all .e a99lied .efore t6e a99lication of colour 4as6. No 9ri+ing coat s6all .e needed for old surface .earing t6e colour of t6e sa+e s6ade or a good 46ite 4as6. T6e 4or* of colour 4as6ing s6all .e +easured in accordance 4it6 t6e rules for 46ite 4as6ing . T6e colour 4as6ing on ne4 surfaces s6all include t6e coats of 46ite 4as6 <9ri+ing coats=. T6e colour 4as6ing on old surfaces s6all .e exclusive of an0 coats of 46ite 4as6@ t6e 46ite 4as6ing done on surfaces reDuiring a c6ange of colour s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

11.2.2.1.. 11.2.5. 11.2.5 . Pri/i0g Coats . 11.2.5.1.

11.2.5.2.

11.5.( .

2o3e o4 11.2.(.1. 2easure/e0t . 11.2.(.2.

11.2.(.-.

%1'

1%.%. "ISTE2PERIN#. 11.-.1. Scope . 11.-.1.1. T6e s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of t6e surfaces and a99lication of diste+9er t6ere on. #iste+9er E- #iste+9er of reDuired colour and s6ade s6all .e o.tained read0 +ixed@ of an a99roved +anufacture@ confor+ing to t6e follo4ing Indian 'tandards EI.'. E 22)- '9ecification for #iste+9er #r0. I.'.E 22,-'9ecification for #iste+9er Oil E+ulsion@ 3utt0 for filling 6oles etc. >or dr0 diste+9er E- ?6iting +ixed 4it6 glue. >or oil .ound diste+9er E- ?6iting +ixed 4it6 9etrif0ing liDuid. !nder no circu+stances t6e diste+9er dr0 or oil e+ulsion s6ould .e a99lied on ne4 ce+ent or ne4l0 9lastered 4alls 46ic6 6ave not dried out co+9letel0. AdeDuate ti+e +ust .e allo4ed for t6e structure to dr0 out. If surface is 9re+aturel0 sealed@ t6e +oisture 4ill force t6e 9aint and t6e 9laster +a0 .e 9revented fro+ 6ardening 9ro9erl0. efore t6e a99lication of oil ound 4as6a.le diste+9er it is essential to a99l0 one coat of 9etri-f0ing liDid. ut for al*aline surfaces so+e al*ali resisting 9ri+er s6ould .e used. On dr0 9orous surfaces use of a 9ri+er is essential to reduce 9orosit0 and for 9lastered surfaces t6e 9ri+er s6ould .e al*ali resisting . T6e diste+9er can not .e a99ealing 46en t6e surface of t6e 9laster is not finis6ed 4it6 G"oi G or G'andlaG or an0 ot6er finis6ing coat. As suc6 all srufaces s6ould .e finis6ed 4it6 s+oot6 finis6ing %1(

11.-.2.

2aterials .

11.-.2.1.

<i= <ii= 11.-.2.2. <i= <ii= 11.-.-. #e0eral . 11.-.-.1.

11.-.-.2.

11.-.-..-.

11.-.-.2.

coat. 11.-.-.5. If t6e finis6ing of t6e surfaces cannot .e dela0ed t6en t6e sufaces s6ould generall0 .e li+e or colour 4as6ed and in exce9tional cases diste+9ered 4it6 deste+9er dr0 of 46ite .ro*en 46ites and crea+s etc. as t6e dar* s6ade 4ould definitel0 .e effected and s6o4 ugl0 9atc6es. Ne4 9lastered surfaces E- T6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned of dust and dirt@ grease and an0 foreign +atter. T6e surface s6all .e sand 9a9ered 4it6 grade I a.rasive 9a9er and dusted off to ac6ieve an even and s+oot6 surface. If surface so o.tained is uneven it +ust .e .roug6t to a 9erfectl0 even surface .0 a99l0ing 9utt0 and allo4ing it to dr0 co+9letel0 tel0 t6en it s6ould .e ru..ed 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er grade 1 and dusted off. Old surfaces E-<"i+e or colour 4as6 for t6e a99lication of diste+9er dr0 or oil .ound = E T6e li+e and colour 4as6es if in good condition s6all onl0 .e sand 9a9ered do4n .ut if in .ad condition s6all .e re+oved co+9letel0 .0 scra9ing or ru..ing 4it6 76anCara or .0 an0 ot6er +et6od and allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0 care .eing ta*en t6at t6e surface is not scratc6ed. All t6e undesira.le nails s6all .e re+oved and nail 6oles and uneDualities filled 4it6 t6e 9utt0 and allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0. T6e surface s6all t6en .e ru..ed do4n 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er grade 1@ and dusted off. 11.-.2.-. Old surfaces E- < alread0 diste+9ered 4it6 dr0 diste+9er and reDuired for t6e a99lication of dr0 diste+9er= If t6e old surface is in good condition it +a0 si+9l0 .e lig6tl0 sand 9a9ered 4it6 fine sand 9a9er and dusted off. T6e undesira.le nails and 6oles s6ould .e treated as given a.ove under 11.-.2.2. ?6en t6e old surface is in .ad condition t6e entire fil+ +a0.e re+oved eit6er .0 %1+

11.-.2.

Preparatio0 o4 Sur4aces .

11.-.2.1.

11.-.2.2.

dr0 ru..ing .0 dr0 ru..ing 4it6 sand 9a9ers or .0 ru..ing do4n 4it6 4ater and 3u+icestone and allo4ed to dr0 out co+9letel0 and t6en lig6tl0 sand 9a9ered. T6e nails and 6oles and uneven sufaces s6all .e treated as given under 11.-.2.2. a.ove. 11.-.2.2. Old surfaces E- <old surfaces= E- <alread0 dr0 diste+9ered and reDuired for a99l0ing oil .ound diste+9ers =E T6e diste+9er 46et6er in good or .ad condition s6ould .e re+oved co+9letel0 .0 4as6ing even to t6e last trace and allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0 and t6en it s6all .e sand 9a9ered 4it6 grade 1 sand 9a9er to o.tain an even and s+oot6 surface. Old surfaces E- <alread0 9ainted 4it6 oil .ound diste+9er and reDuired for 3ainting 4it6 oil .ound diste+9er = T6e surfaces s6all .e treated si+ilarl0 as for t6e case 11.-.2.-. a.ove exce9t t6at t6e re+oval of diste+9er s6all onl0 .e done .0 dr0 ru..ing. >or diste+9ering 4it6 diste+9er dr0 t6e 9ri+er 46ic6 is in t6e for+ of a glue siBe s6all .e a99lied in a single coat if t6e surface is ver0 a.sor.ent . >or diste+9ering 4it6 oil ound 4as6a.le diste+9er@ t6e 9ri+er s6all .e generall0 t6e 9etrif0ing liDuid for all t09es of 9orous surfaces ot6er t6an activel0 al*aline surfaces. Oil .ound #iste+9ers E- T6e diste+9er s6all .e diluted 4it6 4ater or an0 ot6er 9rescri.ed t6inner in a +anner reco++ended .0 t6e +anufacturer. Onl0 sufficient Duantit0 of diste+9er@ reDuired for da0s 4or* s6all .e 9re9ared. #iste+9er dr0 E- T6e diste+9er s6all .e +ixed 4it6 s9ecified Duantit0 of 6ot 4ater@ in a +anner reco++ended .0 t6e +anufacturer@ and 9re9ared enoug6 for t6e da0s 4or*. #iste+9er s6all al4a0s .e a99lied in dr0 4eat6er@ 4it6 dou.le .ristled diste+9er %1,

11.-.2.5.

11.-.5.

Pri/er Coat.

11.-.5.1.

11.-.5.2.

11.-.(.

Preparatio0 o4 "iste/per .

11.-.(.1.

11.-.(.2.

11.-.).

Applicatio0 o4 "iste/per .

11.-.).1.

.rus6es <confor+ing to I.'. E-/2.= T6e first coat s6all al4a0s .e of a lig6ter tint t6an t6at reDuired finall0 and t6e next and t6e su.seDuent coats s6all .e a99lied onl0 after t6e 9revious one 6as t6oroug6l0 dried for at least 22 6ours . T6e nu+.er of coats to .e a99lied s6all .e as 9er sc6edule of Duantities . A 9ri+ing coat@ if a99roved .0 t6e Engineer@ s6all .e given in accordance to t6e instructions@ of +anufaturer and s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 for 2, 6ours .efore t6e diste+9er is a99lies. After t6e 9ri+ing coat 6as dried@ t6e surface s6all .e lig6tl0 sand 9a9ered 4it6 Bero grade a.rasive 9a9er ta*ing care not to ru. out t6e 9ri+ing coat@ and t6en dusted off 4it6 clean clot6@ 3re9ared diste+9er s6all t6en .e a99lied 4it6 .rus6es in coats co+9rised of 6oriBontal stro*es i++ediatel0 follo4ed .0 vertical ones. #e9ending on t6e 6eig6t of t6e roo+@ t4o or t6ree +en s6all .e e+9lo0ed to a99l0 diste+9er at various 6eig6ts@ so t6at continuation in diste+9er +a0 .e o.tained 4it6out an0 visi.le Coint. #iste+9ering s6all al4a0s .e started fro+ ceiling end. A unifor+l0 finis6ed surface@ 4it6out 9atc6es@ .rus6 +ar*s@ diste+9er dro9s ect@ s6all .e o.tained. 11.-.,. 2o3e o4 /easure/e0t . 11.-.,.1. #iste+9ering@ s6all include 9re9aration of surface@ 9roviding of 9ro9er scafiolding@ and a99lication of diste+9er of s9ecified .rand and colour@ in a +anner as s9ecified a.ove. #iste+9ering s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres in accordance 4it6 t6e rules for +easure+ent of 46ite 4as6ing under '9. No. 11.1. Nu+.er of coats a99lied excluding t6e 3ri+ing coat@ and t09e of diste+9er used .eing s9ecified. #iste+9er 9ri+ing coats reDuired under various treat+ents as descri.ed under 11.-.2. to 11.-.5. s6all .e +easured in sDuare +eteres se9aratel0@ nu+.er of coats a99lied .eing s9ecified.

11.-.,.2.

11.-.,.-.

%1-

1%.'. PAINTIN# 11.2.1. Scope . 11.2.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of surface and a99lication of 9aints t6ereon@ and covers 4ooden@ +etallic and 9lastered surfaces. &ead0 %ixed 3aints E- T6ese s6all .e of a99roved .rand and .roug6t to t6e site in original sealed containers. As far as 9ossi.le t6e 9aints used s6all .e o.tained fro+ a +anufacturer covered under I.'.I. certification sc6e+e. 3aints %ixed at 'ite E- Oil 9aints s6all .e 9re9ared at site if so 9rovided in t6e contract. !t+ost care s6all .e ta*en in 9re9aring t6e 9aint 46ic6 s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore actual use. 3aing &e+overs E- 3aint re+overs@ if a99roved for use in case of 9re9aring old surfaces@ s6all confor+ to I.'. 2-/. 7notting E- 7notting s6all .e 9re9ared .0 one of t6e follo4ing +et6ods E3atent 7notting E- 125 g. of s6ellac confor+ing to I.'. 1( s6all .e dissolved into M "itre of %et60lated s9irit <#enatured s9rit = confor+ing to I.'. -22. 15 g. &ed lead is t6en added and stirred 4ell. 'iBe 7notting E- 15 g of &ed lead is ground in 2L "itre of 4ater. T6en 225 g. of glue is added and 6eated and t6e 6ot solution a99lied as first coat. 'econd coat s6all consist of red lead ground in .oiled linseed oil and t6inned 4it6 tur9entine oil. >or softer t09es of 4ood Duantit0 of glue in first coat s6all .e increased as desired .0 t6e Engineer@ and s6all .e 25/ g. for #eodar 4ood. 11.2.2.5. 'to99ing E- ee8s 4ax@ &esin and "ac <orange in colour= in t6e 9ro9ortion of 1E1E1( .0 4eig6t s6all .e +elted do4n toget6er in a suita.le 9ot using slo4 6eat t6e +ix .eing *e9t 4ell stirred. Colouring +aterials to 9roduce t6e reDuired s6ade is added into +olten +ixture and stirred. 'to99ing s6all on

11.2.2.

2aterials .

11.2.2.1.

11.2.2.2.

11.2.2.-.

11.2.2.2. 11.2.2.2.1.

11.2.2.2.2.

%15

cooling .e rolled into stic* for+s for use. 11.2.-. Preparatio0 o4 Sur4aces . 11.2.-.1. 11.2.-.11. ?ood surface E Ne4 ?ood surfaces E- T6e surface to .e 9ainted s6all first .e dusted off t6oroug6l0 to re+ove all s6avings@ foreign +atter etc. T6e surface s6all t6en .e ru..ed and levelled s+oot6 to fine surface .0 using a.rasive 9a9er of grade 1 for first ru..ing and grade Bero for su.seDuent final ru..ings. T6e ru..ing s6all .e done 4it6 stead0 reci9rocative +ove+ent in t6e direction of grains of 4ood. No scratc6 of sand 9a9er s6all .e visi.le 46en final ru..ing 6as .een co+9leted. T6e greas0 s9ot if an0 still visi.le s6all .e re+oved .0 ru..ing 4it6 a 9iece of clean 46ite +uslin sca*ed in enBine or Tur9entine allo4ed to dr0 and glass 9a9ered if necessar0. 7notting E- If t6e 4ood surface s6o4s *nots@ and resinous 9atc6es t6ese 9arts s6all .e given t4o coats of eit6er of t6e t09es of 7nottings as s9ecified in clause 11.2.2.2. and allo4ed to dr0. T6e surface s6all t6en .e lig6tl0 ru..ed s+oot6 4it6 a a.rasive 9a9er. 7notting s6all .e done .efore a99l0ing t6e 9ri+er. 11.2.-.1.2. Old 4ood 4or* E- If t6e old 9aint is oil0 and dirt0 .ut is fir+ and 6as not disintegrated@ it s6all .e cleaned do4n .0 4as6ing 4it6 solution of al*aline soa9 and 4ater. T6e surface s6all t6en .e t6oroug6l0 rinsed 4it6 clean 4ater to re+ove all soa9 and ru..ed do4n 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er of grade 1 care .eing ta*en to see t6at soa9 is re+oved fro+ corner +ouldings also. If t6e old 9aint fil+ is fla*0@ s6o4s crac*s@ .listers it s6all .e co+letel0 re+oved .0 one of t6e follo4ing +et6ods. <a= 0 9aint &e+overs E- 3aint re+overs of a99roved .rand and Duantit0 s6all onl0 .e used and +anufacturers instructions s6all strictl0 .e follo4ed. T6e surface

%$6

s6all .e 4as6ed t6oroug6l0 and +ade s+oot6 .0 ru..ing 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er grade 1. <.= ol4 "a+9 E- T6e old 9aint s6all .e re+oved .0 .urning it off 4it6 standard lo4 -"a+9@ 3la0ing t6e "a+9 first on +ouldings and carvings and t6en on flat surfaces@ t6e 9aint .eing secra99ed off as soon as t6e fil+ .eco+es soft. Care s6all .e ta*en to *ee9 t6e .lo4 la+9 al4a0s +oving and never stationar0@ so as not to scorc6 t6e surface. 0 'cra9ing E- T6e surface s6all t6oroug6l0 .e ru..ed do4n 4it6 stiff .ristle .rus6es. It s6all t6en .e sand 9a9ered 4it6 A.rasive 9a9er grade 1. and 4ater@ until t6e 9aint fil+ is re+oved and t6e resulting surface is s+oot6 . Ne4 %etal 'urfaces E- T6e surfaces .efore 9ainting s6all .e cleaned of all rust@ scale@ dirt@ and ot6er foreign +atter stic*ing to it@ .0 .ristle or +etal .rus6es@ scra9ers@ c6isels and 6a++ers or ot6er effective +eans. Oil and grease s6all .e &e+oved .0 4as6ing 4it6 9etroleu+ or .enBine and surface allo4ed to dr0. Old %etal 'urfaces E- ?6ere old 9aint 6as not deteriorated and is in good condition@ t6e under l0ing surface .eing free fro+ corrosion@ t6e surface s6all .e ru..ed do4n 4it6 sand 9a9er and ot6er a.rasive +aterials. Oil and grease s6all .e re+oved .0 4as6ing 4it6 9etroleu+@ or .enBine etc. ?6ere@ co+9lete re+oval of old 9aint is necessar0@ t6e surface s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned of all old 9aint@ rust@ scales@ dirt@ etc@ .0 an0 of t6e follo4ing +et6ods. <a= <.= <c= <a= 1and cleaning >la+e cleaning 0 3aint &e+overs. 1and Cleaning E- T6e surface .earing loose 9aint@ rust and +ill scales s6all .e cleaned 4it6 stiff .ristle of +etal .rus6es. 1eav0 la0ers of rust and scales s6all .e re+oved .0 scra9ers and %$1

<c=

11.2.-.2 .

2etal sur4aces .-

11.2.-.2.1.

11.2.-.2.2.

c6i99ing 6a++ers. T6e surface s6all .e rendered s+oot6 .0 ru..ing 4it6 a.rasive 9a9ers. <.= >la+ cleaning E- 3rior to fla+e cleaning oil@ grease or si+ilar ad6erent +atter s6all .e re+oved .0 4as6ing 4it6 suita.le solvents and surface s6all .e allo4ed to dr0. Ox0-acet0lene fla+e s6all .e traversed on t6e surface so as to .urn off t6e old 9aint and t6r rust@ scales etc. loosened. T6e fla+e s6all not .e traversed too slo4 to create 6ig6 te+9erature and to fuse t6e loose scales and foreign +atter to t6e +etal surface. T6e surface s6all t6en .e ru..ed 4it6 4ire .rus6es and loose de.ris and dust re+oved. ?6en t6e +etal is still 4ar+ <.ut not 6ot a coat of suita.le 9ri+er as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e a99lied = <c= 3aint &e+overs E- 3aint &e+overs as s9ecified in 11.2.2.-. s6all .e used strictl0 in accordance 4it6 +anufacturer8s instructions. T6e surface s6all t6en .e ru..ed 4it6 4ire .rus6es@ a.rasive 9a9er and dusted off. 3lastered 'urfaces ENe4 3lastered 'urfaces E- T6e surface s6all first .e cleaned and dusted off@ all dirts and dust. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified read0 +ade al*ali resisting 9ri+er s6all .e used or ot6er treat+ent given to t6e surface in t6e +anner as reco++ended .0 .0 t6e +anufacturer of 9aint a99lied finall0 . Old surfaces E- Old coating 46ic6 are in .ad condition@ loose or fla*0 s6ould .e scra99ed off and t6e surface coated 4it6 suita.le sealer .efore a99l0ing ne4 9aint@ 'urface 9reviousl0 finis6ed in 4ater .ound or or e+ulsion 9aints@ if in good condition need not .e 4as6ed do4n. ut surfaces finis6ed G'iBeondG diste+9er +ust .e t6oroug6l0 4as6ed to re+ove all traces of 46iting and siBe. T6e surface s6all t6en .e given treat+ent in si+ilar 4a0 s9ecified in under 11.2.-.-.1. a.ove.

11.2.-.-. 11.2.-.-.1.

11.2.-.-.2.

%$$

11.2.2.

Applicatio0 o4 11.2.2.1. Pai0t 11.2.2.1.1.

$eneral ET6e 9aint s6all not .e a99lied on an0 surface during rain@ frost@ fog or to inside surface in t6e 9resence of condensed +oisture. T6e read0 +ixed 9aint containers s6all .e 4ell s6a*en to distur. settled 9ig+ents@ and t6e 9aint stirred 4it6 a +etal rod to +ix t6e settled 9ig+ents 4it6 t6e u99er la0ers of 9aint to unifor+ consistenc0@ after 46ic6 it s6all .e strained t6roug6 a +uslin clot6. 9aints@ +ixed at site@ s6all .e 9re9ared in sufficient Duantit0 to cover u9 t6e 46ole 4or*@ and strained t6roug6 clean +uslin clot6 .efore use. After t6e 9ri+ing coat is a99lied all 6oles@ crac*s and Coints in t6e 4ood s6all .e sto99ed 4it6 6ard sto99ing and t6e surface t6en ru..ed do4n 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er grade 1. 3utt0 around t6e glass 9anes of doors@ 4indo4s etc. s6all also .e 9ainted 4it6 our s+earing t6e glass . >or old surfaces@ t6e nu+.er or coats of 9ainting s6all .e as s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities or .0 t6e Engineer. Eac6 coat s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 t6oroug6l0 .efore t6e su.seDuent coat is a99lied. ?6en dr0 t6e surface s6all .e ru..ed lig6tl0 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er No. 1 : /@ after t6e 9ri+ing and under coats res9ectivel0 and all dust 4i9ed off 4it6 clean clot6. T6e 4or* s6all not .e considered finis6ed unitl an evenl0 and s+oot6l0 finis6ed surface free of 6air +ar*s@ 9aint dro9s@ etc. is ac6ieved and all +ar*s and traces of 9aint@ fro+ adCacent glass@ 4ood@ floors etc. re+oved. A99lication of 9aint 4it6 rus6es E3ainting .rus6es s6all .e c6ec*ed .efore t6e co++ence+ent of .rus6ing@ for t6eir .eing cleaned and free fro+ 4ater@ tur9entine solvent and 9revious 9aints etc.

11.2.2.1.2.

11.2.2.1.-.

11.2.2.1.2.

11.2.2.1.5.

11.2.2.1.(.

11.2.2..1.) .

11.2.2.1.,.

11.2.2.2.

%$%

11.2.2.2.1.

rus6 s6all .e di99ed 6alf4a0 into t6e 9aint container@ +oved .ac* and fort6 to stirr t6e 9aint evenl0 and 9ressed lig6tl0 against t6e 4all of container to 4i9e off an0 excess 9aint@ 46ic6 s6all cause dri99ings. ?6ile .rus6ing@ a s+all 9ortion s6all .e selected eac6 ti+e and 9ainting started at t6e to9. 9roceeding to4ards .otto+. T6e seDuence of 9ainting s6all .e as to 9aint@ 9icture rails first@ t6en 4indo4 9anes@ cu9 .oards etc. and doors in t6e last. Eac6 coat s6all consist of reci9rocating +ove+ent of .rus6 fro+ left to rig6t follo4ed .0 a cross +otion@ vertical or transverse as t6e case +a0 .e. In case of 4ooden surfaces .rus6 s6all .e first a99lied in a direction 9er9endicular to t6at of t6e fi.re grains and t6en along t6e grains. Eac6 coat s6all .e a99lied 4it6 a ver0 lig6t 6and so as to s9read t6e 9aint evenl0 all over t6e surface 4it6 our leaving an0 .rus6 +ar*. A99lication of 9aint 4it6 '9ra0 $uns ET6e s9ra0 gun s6all .e adCusted to t6e fan s6a9ed flo4 at a correct 9ressure. T6e gun s6all .e coved fro+ left to rig6t 9arallel to t6e surface of a99lication at a distance of 2/ to -/ c+s. fro+ t6e surface@ and no s9ace s6all .e left in .et4een t6e stro*es. T6e trigger of gun s6all .e 9ressed and released at correct ti+e to avoid an0 overla99ing of 9aint at t6e corners and edges@ $eneral E3re9arator0 4or* suc6 as *notting@ sto99ing and ru..ing do4n@ .urning off or stri99ing s6all .e descri.ed@ t6e nu+.er of coats in addition s6all .e stated. ?or* on surfaces 9reciousl0 9ainted s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. ?6ere s9ecial colours or ot6er s9ecial finis6es are reDuired@ it s6all .e so stated. ?or* on different surfaces s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 classified and included in t6e ite+. '+oot6 or non-a.sor.ent surfaces.

11.2.2.2.2.

11.2.2.-.

11.2.5.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

11.2.5.1. 11.2.5.1.1.

11.2.5.1.2.

11.2.5.1.-.

<a=

%$'

<.= <c= 11.2.5.1.2. 11.2.5.1.5.

'e+i-a.sor.ent surfaces@ suc6 as 4ood@ fi.re .oard. A.sor.ent or roug6 surfaces@ suc6 as .ric*@ stone@ concrete@ 9laster etc. 3ainting@ exce9t 46ere ot6er4ise stated@ s6all .e given in sDuare +etres. 3ainting u9to 15 c+. in 4idt6 or in girt6 and not conCunction 4it6 si+ilar 9ainted 4or* s6all .e given in running +etres. Co+9onents e.g. trusses@ co+9ound girders@ stanc6ions@ lattices and si+ilar 4or* s6all@ 6o4ever@ .e given in sDuare +etres irres9ective of t6e siBe of girt6 of +e+.ers. '+all articles u9to /.1 sD. +. of 9ainted surfaces@ 46ere not in conCunction 4it6 si+ilar 9ainted 4or*@ s6all .e enu+erated. 3ainting n different t09e of 4or* s6all .e *e9t se9arate and t6e surfaces to .e 9ainted s6all .e descri.ed@ for exa+9le @glaBed Coiner0@ 4eat6er .oarding@ roof .attens@ etc. It s6all .e stated 46et6er t6e +easure+ents are flat or girt6ed. Alternativel0@ different surfaces +a0 .e grou9ed into one general ite+@ areas of uneven surfaces .eing converted into eDuivalent 9lain area in accordance 4it6 Ta.le II.

NoteE -

11.2.5.1.(.

11.2.5.2.

%$(

TAB!E II EH IEA!ENT P!AIN AREAS OF NEEEN S RFACES (Clause 11.'.(.$.) S. No. 1 <i= "escriptio0 o4 >or: $ 3anelled or fra+ed : .raced Coiner0 &o> 2easure3 % %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges@ c6oc*s@ cleats etc. s6all .e dee+ed to .e included in t6e ite+. %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges %easured flat <not girt6ed= including c6o4*6at or fra+e. Edges %easured flat <not girt6ed = su99orting fra+e 4or* s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0. %easured flat <not girt6ed = %easured flat <not girt6ed = 2ultipl1i0g Factor. ' 11N,<for eac6 side=

<ii=

"edged and .attened or ledged@ .attened and .raced. >lus6

11N, <for eac6 side=

<iii=

1 <for eac6 side=

<iv=

>ull0 glaBed or gauBed

M <for eac6 side=

<v=

9art 9anelled and 9art glaBed or gauBed.

1 <for eac6 side=

<vi=

>ull0 venetioned or louvred.

1M <for eac6 side=

<vii=

?eat6er .oarding.

11N, <for eac6 side=

<viii= <ix=

?ood s6ingle roofing. oarding 4it6 cover fillets : +atc6 .oarding

11N, <for eac6 side= 11N2/ <for eac6 side=

%$+

1 <x= <xi=

$ Tile and slate .attening Trellis <or Caffri= 4or* one 4a0 or t4o-4a0.

<xii=

$uard .ars@ .alustrades@ gratings and railings.

<xiii=

<xiv=

$ates and o9en 9alisade fencing including standards@ .races@ rails sta0s etc. Carved or entic6ed 4or* Note E-

% %easured flat overall@ no deduction s6all .e +ade for o9en 9aces. %easured flat overall@ no deduction s6all .e +ade for o9en s9aces <'u99orting +e+.ers s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0=. %easured flat overall@ no deduction s6all .e +ade for o9en s9aces <'u99orting +e+.ers s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0=. -------do-------<'ee Note= %easured flat

' K < for 9ainting all over= 2 < for 9ainting all over=

1 < for 9ainting all over=

1 < for 9ainting all over= 2 <for eac6 side=

T6e 6eig6t s6all .e ta*en fro+ t6e .otto+ of t6e lo4est rail@ if t6e 9alisades do not go .elo4 it <or for+ t6e lo4er end of 9alisades@ if t6e0 9roCect .elo4 t6e lo4est rail = u9 to t6e to9 of 9alisades@ .ut not u9 to t6e to9 of standards@ if t6e0 are 6eig6er t6an t6e 9alisades. All ot6er 4or* s6all .e +easured net on all visi.le 9ainted surfaces. ?6en one or +ore coats are reDuired to .e a99lied to +etal 4or* .efore fixing@ t6is s6all .e stated and +easured se9aratel0 fro+ 9ainting a99lied after fixing. $uard .ars@ .alustrades@ gates@ gratings@ grills ex9anded +etal 9artitions and cages@ railings@ steel 9alisading including standards@ .races@ rails@ sta0s@ etc@ s6all .e +easured flat over all on one side onl0@ 46en coated on all ex9osed surfaces. 1eig6t of steel 9alisading s6all .e +easured as descri.ed in t6e 9receding 9aras regarding 4ood 4or*.

11.2.5.-. 11.2.5.-.1 . 11.2.5.-.2 .

11.2.5.-..

11.2.5.-.2 .

Corrugated steel surfaces and Nainital 9attern s6een roofs s6all .e +easured flat <not girt6ed= and given se9aratel0.

%$,

Alternativel0@ t6e areas of suc6 surfaces <+easured flat= +a0 .e included 4it6 9lain surfaces after increasing t6e areas .0 t6e follo4ing 9ercentagesE <a= <.= Corrugated s6eets Nainital 9attern roof using 9lain s6eets 11.2.5.-.5 . 12 9ercent. 1/ 9ercent.

3ainting on eaves@ gutters@ rain-4ater 9i9es soil and ventilating 9i9es and steel 9oles s6all .e given in running +etres stating t6e siBe or girt6. fittings suc6 as .ends@ s6oes@ .ranc6es@ 6eads etc. s6all .e included in t6e lengt6. 9ainting on s+all articles@ suc6 as gate and turn stra9s +etal@ ceiling roses +etal@ s4itc6 .loc*s 6ead@ and nuts of .olts@ articles of .uilder8s 6ard4are and t6e li*e 46en 9ic*ed out in a different tint or not in conCunction 4it6 si+ilar 9ainted 4or* s6all .e enu+erated. >lag stafts@ steel c6i+ne08s aerial +asts <not latticed= s9ires and t6e li*e reDuiring s9ecial scaffolding s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 stating t6e siBe@ 6eig6t and average girt6. T6e a99lication of 4ood 9reservatives s6all .e given in sDuare +etres irres9ective of t6e girt6 of siBe and rules given in 11.2.5.2. s6all .e follo4ed. "etters@ figures and si+ilar it+es s6all .e enu+erated stating t6e 6eig6t and for+ or st0le@ na+el0 .loc*@ italics@ ect. sto9s@ co++as@ 6096ens@ and t6e li*e s6all .e dee+ed to .e included in t6e ite+.

11.2.5.-.( .

11.2.5.-.) .

11.2.5.2.

11.2.5.5.

%$-

11.5.1. 11.5.2.

Scope . 2aterials .

11.5.-.

Preparatio0 o4 Aoo3 Sur4aces .

11.( EARNIS&IN# . 11.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of 4oods surfaces and a99lication of varnis6 t6ere on. 11.5.2.1. Varnis6 E- A99roved .rand of &ead0 %ixed varnis6 confor+ing to I.'.I. standards s6all onl0.e used. T6e varnis6 used s6all .e suita.le for t6e 9ur9ose for 46ic6 it is used@ suc6 as for exterior or interior use@ under ceating or finis6ing@ and s6all .e clear or tinted@ as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e t09e of exterior Varnis6 t6at is t09e 1 or t09e 2 s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities <t09e 1 refers to s0nt6etic resin varnis6es and t6e t09e 2 for natural resin varnis6es=. 11.5.2.2. 3utt0 and sto99ing I- 'a+e as s9ecified for 9ainting . 11.5.2.-. $lue 'iBe E- T6in solution of glue siBe s6all .e 9re9ared .0 covering reDuisite Duantit0 of 9o4dered 8'iBe8 9ut in a 9an 4it6 cold 4ater . ?6en siBe .eco+es soft@ .oiling 4ater s6all .e addes and t6e +ass stirred 4ell. A solution containing 4ater a.out 2/ ti+er t6e 4eig6t of siBe s6all .e suita.le. 11.5.-.1. Ne4 surfaces I11.5.-.1.1. T6e surfaces s6all .e 9re9ared in accordance 4it6 t6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecifications for 9ainting. ,/ grit@ flint@ coated a.rasive 9a9er s6all .e used for final ru..ing.T6e surfaces s6all .e freDuentl0 dusted off during ru..eing. 3utt0ing E- All 6oles and crac*s s6all .e filled 4it6 t6e 9utt0 or sto99ing 9re9ared according to clause 11.5.2.2. 3utt0 or sto99ing used s6all .e Cust sufficient to fill t6e 6oles carefull0 and leave a s+oot6 surface@ care .eing ta*en to c6ec* t6at t6e surface around t6e do not get s+eared 4it6 9utt0 or sto99ing. >illing E- T6e filling s6all .e done in accordance 4it6 t6e 9rovisions laid do4n for frenc6 9olis6ing. 'iBing E- After filling t6e surface s6all .e given a t6in coat of 6ot glue siBe solution 9re9ared as s9ecified in 11.5.2.-. 4it6 soft .rus6. < If 4ood s6o4s *nots and resinous 9atc6es %ultani +atte or Oc6re %$5

11.5.-.1.2.

11.5.-.1.-. 11.5.-.1.2.

11.5.-.2. 11.5.2. Applicatio0 o4 Ear0ish . 11.5.2.1.

<a= <.= <c= <d= <e= <f= <g=

<6= 11.5.5. 2o3e o4 11.5.5.1. 2easure/e0t .-

s6all .e added to t6e glue siBe.= ?6en dr0 it s6all .e ru..ed do4n s+oot6 4it6 fine a.rasive 9a9er and t6e surface again siBed 4it6 sa+e siBing. It staining of surface is s9ecified@ staining colour s6all .e +ixed 4it6 second coat of glue. Old surfaces E- T6e 9rovisions laid do4n under s9ecifications for 9ainting s6all .e follo4ed . $eneral E- !nless s9ecified ot6er4ise varnis6ing on ne4 surfaces s6all .e in t4o coats <one under coat and one finis6ing coat=. T6e 4or* s6all .e considered finis6ed onl0 46en desired fine finis6 o.tained. T6e varnis6 s6all .e a99lied in t6in coats 4it6 fine 6aired and clean varnis6ing .rus6es. 'uccessive coats s6all .e a99lied after t6e 9revious coat is 6ared dr0. Eac6 coat exce9t t6e last s6all .e lig6tl0 ru..ed 4it6 fine a.rasive 9a9er .efore t6e next coat is a99lied. T6e 4or* of varnis6ing s6all .e carried in 6u+id conditions. 'urroundings of 4or* s6all .e *e9t neat and clean to +a*e dust free at+os96ere. 3utt0 round t6e glass 9anes of doors and 4indo4s s6all also .e varnis6ed. T6e 4or* after co+9letion s6all not .e stic*0 to touc6 and no .rus6 6air or an0 ot6er +aterial s6all .e allo4ed ad6ering to it. It s6all not s6o4 6air +ar*s or dro9s on t6e surface. T6e adCacent glass@ furniture@ floor etc. s6all .e cleaned of all varnis6 +ar*s or dro9s. T6e ter+ varnis6ing s6all include cleaning and 9re9aration of surface@ sto99ing 6oes and crac*s filling siBing staining@ furnis6ing of a99roved Dualit0 varnis6@ a99lication of varnis6 to t6e surface and 9rotection of t6e 4or*. Varnis6ing s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres in accordance 4it6 t6e rule for 9ainting 4ood 4or*.

%%6

11.+. FRENC& PO!IS&IN#. 11.(.1. Scope . 11.(.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of 4ood surfaces and a99lication of frenc6 9olis6 t6ereon. >renc6 3olis6 E- T6e frenc6 9olis6 s6all confor+ to I.'. -2,-1552. 'tain E?ater 'tain used for staining t6e 4ooden surface s6all .e 9re9ared .0 +ixing fine 9u+ice to 9o4dered 46iting : suita.le colouring agent. '+all a+ount of Tur9entine oil +a0 .e added to for+ fine 9aste. Alternatel0 9laster of 9aris +a0 .e s9rin*led on a 9ad of +uslin +oistened 4it6 denatured s9irit and .0 ru..ing t6e 9ad across t6e grain. '9rit stain read0 +ade stain a99rived .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e used as 9er +anufacturer8s instructions. T6e surface s6all .e cleared of all dirt@ dust@ laitance etc. T6e 3lane +ar*s@ 'cratc6es@ *nots and ot6er defects intensified .0 9olis6ing 9rocess. T6e surface is t6en sand 9a9ered 4it6 A.rasive 9a9er of $rade 2 follo4ed .0 grade 1@ using cor* .loc*s as a .ac*ing for 9lane surface or ru..ing t6e a.rasive 9a9er carefull0 4it6 9ressure of finger. #uring sand 9a9ering t6e surface s6ould .e dusted freDuentl0 to re+ove dirt.@ s6avings etc. Colouring 'taining E T6e surface so cleaned s6all .e stained 4it6 eit6er 8?ater 'tain8 or 8'9irit 'tain8 using suita.le colouring agent. $reat care s6all .e ta*en so as to ac6ieve t6e clolur ans stain of t6e 9olis6 as 9er sa+9le a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e 8?ater 'tain8 'olution s6all .e a99lied 4it6 &ag or 9ad soa*ed in solution anf ru..ed unifor+l0 on t6e surface 4it6 a circulating +otion on t6e surface. T6e surface s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 and sand 9a9ered 4it6 $rade 1 a.rasive 9a9er@ a99l0ing unifor+ 9ressure. T6e surface 46en s+oot6 s6all .e dusted 4it6 clean +uslin clot6 to re+ove all dirt.

11.(.2.

2aterials .

11.(.2.1. 11.(.2.2. <a=

<.=

11.(.-.

Preparatio0 o4 Sur4ace .

11.(.-.1.

11.(.-.2. <a=

<.=

%%1

11.(.-.-.

'urface Oiling E- If so desired to ac6ieve t6e dar* colour of t6e final 9olis6ed surface@ t6e surface so cleared +a0 .e 4i9ed 4it6 a ver0 lig6t a99lication of lines oil <Oil s6ould .e ver0 s9aringl0 a99lied as t6e excess of it +a0 9roduce defects in t6e finals surface =. od0ing in E- T6e surface s6all .e a99lied 4it6 one or t4o rat6er li.eral coats of 9olis6 .0 4or*ing t6e rag or 9olis6ing 9ad across t6e grains using lig6t 9ressure onl0. In t6e entire 9olis6ing 4or* surface s6all not .e continuousl0 ru..ed .ut t6e 9revious coat. In no case +ust t6e coat .e a99lied .efore t6e 9revious one 6ad dried . T6e surface s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 for a.out 2 6ours. 3utt0 filling EAll nail +ar*s@ 6oles@ crac*s etc. s6all .e filled 4it6 9utt0 for+ed .0 +ixing 46iting. glue and colouring agent. Alternatel0 86ard sto99ing8 as 9er details in clause 11.2.2.5. +a0 .e used. T6e 9utt0 s6all .e a99lied 4it6 a straig6t flat +etal edge and t6e surface +ade s+oot6 ta*ing care Cust to fill t6e 6oles and not to s+ear t6e surface. T6e surface s6all on dr0ing .e ins9ected to c6ec* u9 if t6e a.sor9tion 6as sto99ed. T6is is indicated .0 t6e 9resence of a fil+ of 9olis6 on t6e surface. If t6e a.sor9tion is indicated one +ore coat of 9olis6 s6all .e a99lied and t6e surface allo4ed to dr0. ?6en t6e fil+ of 9olis6 6as 6ardened t6e surface s6all .e sand 9a9ered 4it6 Bero $rade a.rasive 9a9er to re+ove s+all lu+9s@ irregularities@ leaving t6e resultant surface s+oot6. An0 dirt t6at +a0 .e left .e6ind .0 glass 9a9ering s6all .e dusted off and a coat of 9olis6 a99lied in circular +otion 4it6 lig6t 9ressure. T6e 9olis6 9ad s6all .e neit6er dr0 nor excessivel0 4et. Allo4 it to 6arden for a fairl0 long ti+e sa0 12-22 6ours. T6e surface at t6is stage s6ould .e continuous and free fro+ 9atc6es indication t6at t6e grain 6as .een co+9letel0 filled@ if not +ore coats +a0 .e added.

11.(.2.

Applicatio0 o4 Polish .

11.(.2.1.

11.(.2.2. <a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

%%$

11.(.2.-. <a=

od0ing u9 E?6en t6e 9revious fil+ 6as 6ardened u9 it s6all .e glass 9a9ered 4it6 fine glass 9a9er until a 9erfectl0 +at surface is o.tained. To 9revent t6e introduction of scratc6es@ ver0 little 9ressure s6ould .e a99lied after 46ic6 t6e resulting dust s6ould .e carefull0 cleaned 4it6 a soft clot6. T6e surface s6ould t6en .e given a lig6t 4i9e over 4it6 linseed oil a99lied .0 a rag@ ta*ing care t6at onl0 ver0 little oil is used@ ot6er4ise t6e 4or* +a0 .e s9oiled. T6e 9olis6ing 9ad is no4 .roug6t into use again using circular +otion and t6e 9olis6 coat a99lied on t6e surface. T6e 9ad s6ould .e 6ardl0 +ost and t6e +ove+ent of t6e ru..er s6ould .e rat6er slo4. T6e ru..er 4ill reDuire a little lu.ricant to +a*e it 4or* satisfactoril0 and for t6is 9ur9ose a dro9 or t4o of lig6t linseed oil s6all .e a99lied on t6e sole of t6e ru..er 4it6 finger ti9s. T6e ru..er s6all .e *e9t +oving until it finall0 glides off. Care s6ould .e ta*en t6at t6e surface is not over-ru..ed ot6er4ise foundation 4ill .e s9oiled. No atte+9t s6ould .e +ade to 9roduce a .rilliant lustre as at t6is stage 4e are not 9olis6ing .ut 9re9aring to 9olis6. Allo4 t6e coat to dr0@ after 46ic6 t4o +ore coats .e added allo4ing ti+e in .et4een. T6e +ain rule at t6is stage s6all .e to a99l0 a series of t6in coats at 9ro9er interval rat6er t6an 6eav0 coat. T6e nu+.er of coats to .e a99lied at t6is stage 4ould de9end u9on t6e condition of t6e 4ood@ its texture and general grain. A99lication of coats s6all .e continued till a fairl0 level and consistent surface is secured 46ic6 alt6oug6 not .rilliant is fairl0 lustrous. T6e surface s6all .e allo4ed to 6arden for 12-22 6ours and *e9t covered 4it6 dust s6eets. It s6all t6ereafter .e exa+ined and if lu+90or ridged@ it s6all .e rectified. Colour %atc6ing E- In order to o.tain a unifor+ colour of t6e finis6ed surface colour +atc6ing +a0.e necessar0. #ilute 9olis6 <T4o 9art of +et60lated s9irit to one 9art of 9olis6= to 46ic6 colouring +edia 6as .een added as a corrective s6all %%%

<.=

<c=

<d=

<e=

11.(.2.2.

.e a99lied 4it6 soft 6air .rus6 in ver0 lig6t coats to ac6ieve t6is and t6e colouring coats fixed 4it6 a lig6t coat of trans9arent 9olis6 and allo4ed to 6arden. 11.(.2.5. <a= '9iriting Out ET6e fil+ s6all .e glass 9a9ered using t6e finest grade of 'and 9a9er <or even use sand 9a9er= 4it6 t6e lig6test 9ressure and t6e 9olis6 9ad 4or*ed u9 again using +et60lated '9irit onl0. T6e sole of t6e 9ad s6all .e Cust da+9 and not6ing +ore as failure to do so +a0 ruin t6e 4or*. T6e 9ad s6all .e 4or*ed u9 in t6e direction of t6e grains 4it6 a reci9rocation +ove+ents and fairl0 Duic*l0@ so t6at t6e surface is free for+ s+ear@ ru..er +ar*s and ot6er defects and is sufficientl0 lustrous. In case a 6ard finis6 is desired@ it s6all .e carried out as 9er a99roval of t6e Engineer. >renc6 3olis6ing s6all include all 9re9arator0 4or*s@ .od0ing in@ .od0ing u9 and s9eriting our 4it6 s9ecified 9olis6es and colour staining in t6e +anner and order s9ecified a.ove. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres of alternativel0 t6e articles s6all .e descri.ed and inu+erated.

<.= 11.(.5. 2o3e o4 11.(.5.1. 2easure/e0t .

11.(.5.2.

%%'

11.).1 11.).2.

Scope . 2aterials .

11.).-.

Preparatio0 o4 Aoo3 Sur4aces .

11.).2.

Applicatio0 o4 Aa7 Polish .

11.).5.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

11.,.AA) -PO!IS&IN#. 11.).1.1 T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e +et6od of 9re9aration of 4ood surfaces and a99lication of 4as 9olis6 t6ereon. 11.).2.1. ?ax 9olis6 s6all .e 9re9ared for+ t6e follo4ing +aterials <+ixed in t6e 9ro9ortions s9ecified .elo4= 9olis6 or different consistencies are reDuired for different 4ood. <i= Co++ercial ee8s 4ax@ confor+ing to I.'. 15/2-1555. <ii= Oil of Tur9entine@ confor+ing to I.'. 5--1552. <a= 3re9aration of 4ax 9olis6 E- ee8s 4ax s6all .e +elted .0 6eating it gentl0. After re+oving t6e 4ax a4a0 fro+ t6e fire@ oil of tur9entine s6all .e +ixed and t6e +ixture .eing 4ell stirred and allo4ed to cool do4n. Care s6ould .e ta*en 46ite 6eating t6e 4ax and 46ile adding t6e tur9entine as .ot6 are 6ig6l0 in fla++a.le. 11.).-.1. T6e surfaces s6all .e 9re9ared as s9ecified for frenc6 9olis6ing exce9t t6at no grain filling is reDuired generall0 unless s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. $rain filling 4it6 9aste +a0 .e reDuired for s9ecial 4or* 46ere t6e grain is 9articularl0 over. 11.).2.1. T6e 9olis6 +ust first of all .e t6oroug6l0 4or*ed into t6e surface of t6e 4ood 4it6 a 9iece of clean and fluffless coarse cotton clot6. T6e 4ax 9olis6 +ust .e t6oroug6l0 ru..ed into t6e surface .0 s6ortis6 stro*es .ac*4ard and for4ard 46ile considera.le 9ressure is a99lied to t6e clot6 9iece. Care s6ould .e ta*en t6at t6e 4ax is a99lied evenl0. After 4ell ru..ing in one good coat of 4ax 9olis6 t6e 4or* s6ould .e covered 4it6 a dust froof s6eet <clot6 for 9reventing dust falling on t6e 4or*= and set aside to dr0. 11.).2.2. %ore coats +a0 .e si+ilarl0 a99lied if reDuired till t6e grain a99ears to9 4ell filled. T6e final 9olis6 s6all .e done 4it6 clean fluffless soft clot6 using long s4ee9ing stro*es. A fine surface 4it6 an egg s6ell gloss s6ould result after continued ru..ing. 11.).5.1. T6e 4or* s6all .e +easure in accordance 4it6 t6e 9rovisions laid do4n for 9ainting.

%%(

C&APTER -1$-2ISCE!!ANEO S . 1$.1. BARBE" AIRE FENCIN#. 12.1.1. Scope . 12.1.1.1. T6is s9ecification la0s do4n reDuire+ent regarding +aterials@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of .ar.ed 4ire fencing. ar.ed 4ire E- for fencing it s6all .e galvanised steel .ar.ed 4ire and s6all confor+ to I.'. 2),. 'o+e of t6e reDuire+ents for t6is are given .elo4 E#ia of 3oint ?ire. 2.5/ ++ 2.5/ ++ 2.5/ ++ 2.5/ ++ ard s9acing. ).5/ c+. 15.// c+. ).5/ c+ 15.// c+.

12.1.2.

2aterials .

12.1.2.1.

T09e. A C #

Nu+.er of line 4ire 2 2 2 2

#ia of "ine ?ire. 2.5/ ++ 2.5/ ++ 2.// ++ 2.//++ 12

12.1.2.2. 12.1.2.2.1 . 12.1.2.2.1 .

>encing 3osts Eall0 3osts Eall0 3osts E- allies s6all .e ne4 and as nearl0 straig6t as 9ossi.le@ 3ortion inside and u9to 1/c+. a.ove ground s6all .e coal tarred . <'ee #rg. 12.1.-2= 'al 4ood 3osts E- 'al 4ood s6all .e structural Ti+.er of grade I confor+ing to s9ecification No. 2.5 on ti+.er. 3ortion inside and u9to 1/ c+. a.ove ground s6all .e coal tarred. <'ee #rg. 12.1-1= %ild 'teel Angle Iron 3osts E- %ild steel angle iron 9osts s6all .e of structural steel ordinar0 Dualit0. A 6ole of ( ++. dia 4it6 or 4it6out a side cut as directed .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e .oard at 4ire s9acings for 6oling u9 t6e 4ire in 9osition. <'ee #rg. 12.1--= 3recast &einforced concrete 3osts E3recast concrete 9osts s6all .e of ce+ent concrete of $rade %. 15/ confor+ing to s9ecification No. 5.2. for GCe+ent Concrete G T6e 9osts s6all .e of sDuare cross- section at t6e to9@ 46ic6 s6all .e unifor+l0 enlarged in section u9to ground %%+

12.1.2.2.2 .

12.1.2.2..

12.1.2.2.2 .

level. T6e section of t6e 9ortion in foundation s6all re+ain unifor+. T6e 9ost s6all .e reinforced 4it6 2 nu+.ers of ( ++. dia. .ars one at eac6 corner. 1oles of -/ ++ dia. s6all .e left in t6e inter+ediater0 9osts and 12 ++. dia. for 1/ t6e corner and starting 9osts <see #rg. 12.1-2= 12.1.2.-. 'iBes and sections E- >or fencing 6eig6ts of 11/@ 15/ and 1,/ c+. t6e +ini+u+ 9er+issi.le siBes and sections s6all .e as 9er ta.le .elo4. for ot6er 6eig6ts@ t6ese s6all .e as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer.

TA "E 'IOE' AN# 'ECTION' >O& >ENCIN$ 3O'T'.

'. No. T09e of >encing 9osts. all0 9ost 1eig6t of >encing <C+s.= 11/ 15/ 1,/ 2. -. 'al 4ood. %-s Angle Iron 3recast ce+ent concrete 11/ 15/ 1,/ 11/ 15/ 1,/ 2. 11/ 15/ 1,/ 1eig6t of >encing 9osts including 9art in foundations. <C+s.= 15/ 155 2-/ 15/ 155 2-/ 15/ 155 2-/ 15/ 155 2-/ $irt6 of inter+ediate 9osts and sta0s 22./ c+ Av. $rit6 22./ c+ Av. $rit6 -/./ c+ Av. $rit6 5./x5./ c+s (./x(./ c+s ).5x).5 c+s 5/x5/x- ++ 5/x5/x- ++ 55x55x- ++ ).5x).5 to 5x5c+s. ).5x).5 to 1/x1/c+s. 1/x1/ to 1-x1-c+s. $irt6 of 1/t6. corner : starting 9osts. 22./ c+ Av. girt6 22./ c+ Av. girt6 -/./ c+ Av. girt6 )5x).5 c+s. )5x).5 c+s. 1/x1/ c+s. 5/x5/x(++ 5/x5/x(++ (5x(5x,++ #e9t6 of foundation <c+s= 2/ 25 5/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 25 5/

1.

- do - do - do -

2/ 25 5/

12.1.2.2.

'ta0s E- T6e 9osts s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 sta0s of si+ilar sections@ at ever0 1/t6 and first@ last@ and first@ last@ and corner 9osts. T6e sta0s s6all .e fixed to t6e fencing 9osts as s6o4n in dra4ings 12.1.5.@ 12.1.( : 12.1.). <enclosed=. 'training .olts E- %.'. 'training .olts of 1/ ++. dia of t6e s6a9es as s6o4n in dra4ing 12.1.5@ 12.1.1/ : 12.1.11 s6all

12.1.2.5.

%%,

.e used. 12.1.-. Fou03atio0 . 12.1.-.1. >oundations for 1/t6e@ first last and corners fencing 9osts and sta0s s6all .e filled in ce+ent concrete of $rade % 1// or "i+e concrete 1E2 in accordance to s9ecification No. 5.1. T6e di+ensions@ of t6e foundation .loc* s6all .e as s6o4n in dra4ings <enclosed=. T09e of foundation for inter+ediate 9osts ot6er t6an %.'. angle iron s6all .e s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. t6is can eit6er .e filled 4it6 eart6@ ra++ed and co+9acted. or in 1E2 "i+e concrete or in ce+ent concrete of $rade % 1// de9ending on t6e t09e of t6e soil availa.le. %.'. angle iron 9osts foundations s6all .e filled in "i+e concrete 1E2 or in ce+ent concrete of grade % 1//. 'iBe of foundation E- T6e siBe of foundation .loc* for different 6eig6ts of 9osts s6all .e as follo4s E2/x2/x2/ c+s. -/x-/x25 c+s. -/x-/x5/ c+s. T6e ground -/ c+. 4ide along t6e fencing s6all .e cleaned of all o.structions@ loose stoness@ .rus6 4oods etc. 3ortions of ground raised .0 +ore t6an 1/ c+. causing o.struction to t6e lo4er +ost fencing 4ire@ s6all .e scra99ed off. >encing 9osts s6all .e s9aced at not +ore t6an - +etress a9art. T6e nu+.er of fencing 4ires and t6eir s9acings s6all .e adCusted according to t6e 6eig6t of t6e fencing reDuired as 9er Ta.le given .elo4 E-

12.1.-.2.

12.1.-.-.

<a= <.= <c= 12.1.2.

>or 11/ c+. 6ig6 9osts >or 15/ c+. 6ig6 9osts. >or 1,/ c+. 6ig6 9osts. Preparatio0 o4 12.1.2.1. #rou03 .

12.1.5.

4i7i0g o4 Bar=e3 >ire .

12.1.5.1.

TAB!E &eight o4 4e0ci0g a=o8e #.!. (2easure3 upto the top /ost >ire) 11/ c+s. No. o4 4e0ci0g >ires (@5@2@ %%Spaci0gs o4 >ires (respecti8el1) 2/@25@-- c+s.

15/c+. 1,/ c+.

,@)@(@ 1/@,@)@(@ 12.1.5.2.

2/@2-@2, c+s. 15@22@2,@-2 c+s.

T6e .otto+ +ost line s6all .e fixed at 1/ c+s. a.ove t6e ground level@ and t6e to9 +ost at 5 c+s. .elo4 t6e to9 end of 9ost. If s9ecified diagonal lines s6all also .e tied across t6e to9 +ost and .otto+ +ost line 4ires. %.'. straining .olts 1/ ++. dia. s6all .e 9rovided at ever0 1/t6. Corner and starting and last 9ost to *ee9 t6e .ar.ed 4ire in 9osition and tig6t. Eit6er of t6e t4o t09es of straining .olts as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities <details s6o4n in dra4ings= s6all .e used. ar.ed 4ire s6all .e tied to t6e straining .olt of t6e starting 9ost and stretc6ed to suc6 lengt6 as to reac6 t6e next straining .olts@ to 46ic6 it s6all .e tied and enoug6 tension is induced in t6e full lengt6@ to *ee9 it tig6t and straig6t 4it6out sag@ .0 9ro9er adCust+ent of t6e nut. 'i+ilarl0 t6e 9rocedure s6all .e re9eated for next and su.seDuent 9arts of t6e fencing. After t6is t6e 4ire s6all .e fixed in 9osition to ever0 inter+ediated 9osts 4it6 t6e fixing accessories in a +anner given .elo4 E>or .all0 and sal 4ood 9osts E- One nu+.er %.'. nails -.15 ++ dia and )/ ++ long s6all .e driven in to t6e 9osts at t6e s9ecified s9acing .elo4 t6e 4ire and s6all .e .ent to envelo9 t6e .ar.ed 4ire. Angle Iron 9osts E- If onl0 6oles are 9rovided in t6e flange t6an t6e .ar.ed 4ire 4ill .e 6eld in 9osition .0 $.I. ?ire 1.(/ ++ dia <1N1(G= If t6e .ore is acco+9anied 4it6 a cut in t6e flange t6an t6e 4ire s6all .e 9us6ed into t6e 6ole and t6e cut 9ortion 6a++ered .ac* to its original 9osition. <'ec #rg. 12.1.,= 3recast &.C. 3ost E- ?ire s6all .e 9assed t6roug6 t6e 6oles and stretc6ed to tig6ten it sufficientl0. ?ire at ever0 -rd 9ost s6all .e tied 4it6 1.(/ ++ dia $.I. 4ire.

11.1.5.-.

12.1.5.2.

12.1.5.5.

12.1.5.5.1.

12.1.5.5.2.

12.1.5.5.-.

%%5

12.1.5.5.2.

3ainting E- All iron 4or* <ungalvanised= s6all .e 9ainted 46ite or green as 9er s9ecification No. 11.2 for 9ainting . >encing 4ires s6all .e +easured in running +etres. T09e of 4ire and fixing accessories s6all .e stated. 'training .olts s6all .e included 4it6 t6is ite+. >encing 9osts@ s6all .e enu+erated and s6all include foundation@ coal tarring. T6e t09e of foundation s6all also .e stated. >encing 9osts@ s6all .e enu+erated and s6all include foundation@ coal tarring. T6e t09e of foundation s6all also .e stated. 'ta0s s6all .e enu+erated and s6all include foundation@ coal tarring. T09e of foundation s6all also .e stated. 3re9aration of ground s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 .

12.1.(.

2o3e o4 <a= 2easure/e0t.

<.=

<.=

<c=

<d=

%'6

%'1

%'$

%'%

%''

%'(

"ETAI! OF FI)IN# T&E BARBE" AIRE IN AN#!E IRON POST

NOTEEF 1. >O!N#ATION "OC7' >O& 15/x1,/ C+. 1I$1 3O'T' '1A"" E INC&EA'E# TO -/X-/X25 C+. AN# -/X-/X5/ C+. 'IOE &E'3ECTIVE";. 'IOE' >O& 1,/ C+ : 15/ C+. 1I$1 3O'T' '1A"" >O""O? TA "E No. 2 !N#E& '3ECI>ICATION.

2.

FANCIN# POSTS FOR BARBE" AIRE FENCIN#.

%'+

%',

1$.$. 2ISCE!!ANEO S BRIC9 AOR9B S C& AS CORBE!SB STRIN# CO RESSB PRODECTIONSB PI!!ASTERSB APRONSB FRIEGESB FORE P!ACESB N"ERPINNIIN#B FAIR C TTIN#B E"#IN#B FI!!ETIN#B 12.2.1. 12.2.2. Scope .12.2.1.1. TI!E BRIC9 AOR9B ET". T6is s9ecification covers t6e +ode of +easure+ent of +iscellaneous 4or*@ under .ric* 4or*. Cor.els @ 'tring courses etcE- Cor.els@ string courses@ 9roCections@ 9illasters@ a9rons and frieBes s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in running +etres. >ire 9laces c6i+ne0s etcE- ric* 4or* <excluding fire .ric* 4or*= in c6i+ne0 .reasts@ c6i+ne0 stac*s@ s+o*e or air flues not exceeding /.25 sD. +. in sectional area s6all .e +easured as solid@ and no extra +easure+ent s6all .e +ade for 9ar- getting and coring suc6 flues. ?6ere flues exceed /.25 sD.+. in sectional area@ deduction s6all .e +ade for t6e sa+e and 9ar-getting and coring flues given in running +etres stating t6e siBe of t6e flue. A9ertures for fire9laces s6all not .e deducted and extra la.our s6all not .e +easured for s9la0ing of Ca+.s : t6roating. 3illasters E- T6e 9illasters s6all .e +easured for t6eir net volu+e and full0 descri.ed. ?6ere 9illars of different sections and s6a9es are involved@ t6e0 s6all .e in addition enu+erated se9aratel0. ac*ing to +asonr0 E- ric* 4or* in .ac*ing to +asonr0 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0I t6e descri9tion s6all include all cutting and 4aste for .onding. T6e t6ic*ness s6all .e ta*en as t6e average t6ic*ness of .ric* 4or*. !nder9inning Eric* 4or* in under9inning s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and an ite+ for extra la.our and +aterial in 4edging u9 on to9 of under9inning s6all .e given in sDuare +etres +easured as t6e lengt6 into 4idt6 of t6e to9 course. >air cutting E- >air cutting exceeding 1/ c+. in 4idt6 or in girt6 in s9la0ed angles@ 4eat6ering@ cornices @ groins@ etc. 46ere 9ur9ose +ade .ric*s are not used s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in sDuare +etres. %'-

2o3e o4 12.2.2.1. 2easure/e0t. 2o3e o4 12.2.2.2 2easure/e0t.

12.2.2.

12.2.2.-.

12.2.2.2.

12.2.2.5.

12.2.2.(.

12.2.2.). 12.2.2.,.

12.2.2.5. 12.2.2.5.1.

12.2.2.5.2. 12.2.2.1/.

12.2.2.11.

12.2.2.12.

12.2.2.1-.

>air cutting not exceeding 1/ c+. in 4idt6 or in girt6@ suc6 as in s9la0s@ c6a+fers@ etc. s6all .e given in running +etre. Circular fair cutting s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. ric* Edging E- ric* edgings@ suc6 as t6ose to roads@ and t6e li*e s6all .e descri.ed and given in running +etres. >illeting E- >illeting in +ortar@ suc6 as flas6ing on roo+s s6all .e descri.ed and given in running +etres stating t6e s6a9e and sectional area of fillets. >ire .ric* 4or* E>ire .ric*s and fire cla0 +ortar s6all .e descri.ed and t6e 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in cu.ic +etres. ?or* in linings to c6i+ne0 s6afts s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and s6all include for+ing t6e cavit0 .et4een fire .ric* lining and .ric* 4or*. 3ur9ose +ade fire .ric*s s6all .e enu+erated as extra- over. ro*en glass co9ing E- ro*en glass co9ing s6all .e given in sDuare +etres and descri.ed stating t6e t6ic*ness of +ortar and 4eig6 to .ro*en glass 9er sD.+. of co9ing . ric* 4or* around steel Coists E- Extra la.our in cutting and fitting and .ric* 4or* round steel Coists@ stanc6ions@ girders@ etc. '6all .e given in sDuare +etres@ t6e girt6 of t6e Coists@ girders@ etc. .eing +easured. 'ills@ cornices etcE- 'ills and cornices and ot6er 9roCections@ etc. of s9la0ed@ .ullnosed or an0 ot6er t09e of 9ur9ose +ade or cut .ric*s@ s6all .e full0 descri.ed and given in running +etres stating t6e de9t6 and 4idt6 of t6e 9roCection. Tile ric* 4or* E- Tile .ric* 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and t6e rules for +easuring ordinar0 .ric* 4or* s6all .e follo4ed.

%'5

1$.%. C TTIN# REBATESB &O!ESB OPENIN#SB #ROOEES ETC. IN "RESSE" STONE AOR9B CONCRETE AN" BRIC9 AOR9. 12.-.1. Scope . 12.-.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers dressing@ finis6ing and +ode of +easure+ent of cutting re.ates@ 6oles@ o9enings@ grooves@ etc. in dressed stone 4or*@ concrete and .ric* 4or*. T6e siBe of re.ates@ 6oles etc. s6all .e as s6o4n in dra4ing. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e dressing of t6e re.ates@ c6a+fers@ s9la0s etc. s6all .e t6e sa+e as for t6e a.utting 9lain faces of 4or*. Te+9lates of s6eet +etal or 4ood s6all .e 9re9ared as 9er dra4ing to ensure correct di+ension and s6a9e. All t6e angles@ curves@ s9la0s s6ould .e correct at all 9oints .ot6 in cross sections and longitudinall0 as 9er dra4ing 6aving no uneven edges and surfaces. >or dressed stone 4or*E- >ollo4ing +easure+ents 4ill .e given in sDuare +etres 46en exceeding ).5 c+s. in girt6 or in 4idt6 unless ot6er4ise included in t6e ite+. 'un* 4or* to faces@ .eds and Coints as in arc6@ Voussoirs and *e0 .olc*s@ s9la0s@ .atters@ 4eat6ering@ etc. %oulded 4or* as in cornices etc. <girt6 or +oulding +easured = >ollo4ing +easure+ent s6all .e done se9aratel0@ and given in running +etres 46en not exceeding ).5 c+s. in 4idt6 or girt6. C6a+fers@ arrises or s9la0s exceeding 1.25 c+. in 4id6t. C6a+fers@ arrises or s9la0s exceeding 1.25 c+. .ut not exceeding ).5 c+. in 4idt6. &ounded .ullnose-angle or +oulding or 6ollo4 angles. &e.ates@ grooves <sDuare@ 6ollo4ed or dove tailed= in face 4or*. &e.ates@ grooves <sDuare@ 6ollo4ed or dove tailed= for Coints@ tongues of sills etc. Cutting c6isel draft +argin@ cutting rectangular or dove tail +ortises in

12.-.2. 12.-.-.

Si;e . "ressi0g a03 Fi0ishi0g .

12.-.2.1. 12.-.-.1.

12.-.2.

2easure/e0ts. 12.-.2.1.

<i= <ii= 12.-.2.2.

<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= <vi=

%(6

12.-.2.-. 12.-.2.2. 12.-.5. For E7isti0g Sto0e Aalli0g or Co0crete o4 Bric: Aro:s. 12.-.5.1.

<a= <.= <c= 12.-.5.2.

<i= <ii= 12.-.5.-.

12.-.5.2.

dressed stones s6all .e enu+erated stating t6e siBe in cu.ic centi+eters. T6e fixing 4it6 ce+ent or leas s6all .e descri.ed. Internal and external +itres and sto9s to c6a+fers +oulding etc. s6all .e rec*oned as one running +etre +ulti9lied .0 t6e girt6 of +oulding if t6e 4or* is +easured su9erficiall0@ and as one running +etre@ if t6e 4or* is +easured linearl0. T6e Duantit0 t6us arrived at@ s6all .e added to +ain ite+. #rilling or cutting 6oles s6all .e enu+erated stating t6e dia+eter of t6e 6ole and its de9t6. >igures@ letters etc. cut into stone s6all .e descri.ed and enu+erated stating t6e 6eig6t. Cutting c6ase re.ates@ t6roating@ grooves etc. in existing 4alling s6all .e given in running +etres and classified according to t6e girt6 as follo4s@ exce9t in case of t6roating 46ic6 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Not exceeding 15 c+. girt6. Exceeding 15 c+. .ut not exceeding -/ c+. girt6. Exceeding -/ c+. girt6. Cutting 6oles t6roug6 existing 4alling and +a*ing good s6all .e given 9er centi+eters of de9t6 of cutting and s6all .e classified as follo4s E 1oles u9to and including 25/ sD. c+. in area. 1oles exceeding 25/ sD. c+. and u9to and including /.1 sD. +. in area. Cutting o9enings exceeding /.1 sD. +. area s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres and t6e ite+ s6all include t6e 9rovision for fixing and re+oval of reDuisite s6oring and te+9orar0 su99orts . ?6en ne4 4alls are .onded to existing 4alls@ an ite+ of la.our and +aterial in cutting@ toot6ing and .onding s6all .e given in sDuare +etres@ +easured on t6e vertical face in contact 4it6 ne4 4or* onl0. T6e s9acing@ siBe and toot6ing reDuired to .e cut in existing 4or* s6all .e descri.ed .

%(1

12.2.1.1 .

12.2.1.2 .

12.2.1..

1$.'. "A2P PROOF CO RSE 12.2.1. #a+9 9roof Course for ?alls Effected .0 rising #a+9. Scope . 12.2.1.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e +aterials @ . la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of da+9 9roof course for 4alls effected .0 rising da+9. 2aterials . 12.2.1.2.1 Ce+ent sand +ortar <1E-= +ix E-T6is . s6all confor+ to s9ecification No . -.-. 12.2.1.2.2 Ce+ent Concrete of grade % 15/ E- T6is . s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 5.2. 12.2.1.2.itu+en E- 1ot laid 9itc6 or .itu+en . s6all confor+ to I.'. 15,/ G9lastic .itu+en for 4ater 9roofing 9ur9oses G. 12.2.1.2.2 Ad+ixtures E?ater 9roofing . ad+ixtures e.g. 3udlo@ I+9er+o@ Ce+entone etc. or an0 ot6er +aterial dul0 a99roved .0 t6e Executive Engineer and confor+ing to I.'. 2(2515(2 s6all .e used. !a1i0g . 12.2.1.-.1 T6e da+9 9roof course s6all .e laid on . t6e .uilding 4alls 6oriBontall0 over t6e full lengt6 and .readt6 of t6e 4alls. ?6ere desired a vertical #.3.C. la0er s6all also .e a99lied. 12.2.1.-.2 T6e 6oriBontal #.3.C. s6all .e in t6e . for+ of eit6er . <i= 25 ++. t6ic* la0er of ce+ent sand +ortar <1E-= 4it6 t4o coats of t6ot .itu+en T *gNsD. +. a99lied unifor+l0 on it. or.@ <ii= 5 c+. to 1/ c+. <t6ic*ness as 9er sc6edule = t6ic* ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ 4it6 t4o coats of 6ot .itu+en T 2 7gNsD. +. a99lied unifor+l0 over it. ?6ere desired reinforce+ent s6all .e incor9orated 4it6 #.3.C. 12.2.1.-.- T6e vertical #.3.C. 46ere 9rovided s6all . .e in t6e for+ of 25 ++. t6ic* 9laster in ce+ent sand +ortar <1E-= 4it6 t4o coat of 6ot .itu+en T 27gNsD. +. a99lied on it. 12.2.1.-.2 ?6ile la0ing t6e 6oriBontal #.3.C. t6e . follo4ing 9recautions s6all .e ta*en E<i= T6e #.3.C. s6all cover t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all and s6all not .e set .ac* to t6e 4all for 9ointing . <ii= T6e .ed u9on 46ic6 t6e #.3.. is to .e laid s6all .e even and free fro+ %($

<iii=

<iv=

12.2.1.-.5 .

12.2.1.2 .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t

<i=

<ii=

<iii=

9roCections. #.3.C. s6all .e laid correctl0 at curves@ .ends and tat Cunctions 4it6 ot6er courses so as to cause a co+9lete and continuous .arrier to t6e 9assage of 4ater. T6e #.3.C. s6all .e a99lied at least 15 c+. a.ove t6e ground level and .elo4 t6e lo4est ti+.er in t6e .uilding. Ce+ent +ortar or ce+ent concrete as reco++ended a.ove s6all .e laid in a unifor+ 6oriBontal la0er of s9ecified t6ic*ness over t6e full leng6t of t6e 4all@ using side s6uttering etc. T6e +asonr0 .ase s6all .e levelled .efore t6e la0ing of #.3.C. T6e #.3.C. la0er s6all .e 4ell cured for at least ) da0s .efore a99l0ing .itu+en. After t6e a.ove la0er 6as set and 6ardened it s6all .e cleaned and .rus6ed . An0 crac*s a99earing s6all .e +ade good. A to99ing la0er of .itu+en 4ater 9roofing t09e or 6ot laid 9itc6 over suita.le 9ri+er s6all .e coated 6ot in not less t6an - ++. t6ic*ness. T6e 6ot laid 9itc6 and .itu+en s6all .e 6eated to fluid consistenc0 suita.le for 9ouring. Care s6all .e ta*en to avoid over 6eating < 1)// C +ax+. for 9itc6=. >oa+ing s6all .e avoided. T6e .itu+en or 6ot laid 9itc6 dul0 6eated as a.ove s6all .e 9oured evenl0 and allo4ed to run 4it6 sDueegee or t6e edge of a 9iece of 6ard .oard. T6e finis6ed la0er s6ould .e s6ining and t6e ad+ixture of t6e concrete .elo4 s6ould .e totall0 o.scured. >or vertical #.3.C. t6e .itu+en s6all .e a99lied unifor+l0 in t4o coasts to ensure t6at t6e entire surface is full0 covered 4it6 .itu+en. T6e da+9 9roof coursing s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres@ t6ic*ness and t09e of t6e course .eing s9ecified including a99lication of 6ot laid 9itc6 or .itu+en. T6e ad+ixture@ if desired to .e used in t6e #.3.C. s6all .e su99lied to t6e contractors and la.our for +ixing etc. s6all .e .e inclusive 4it6 ite+ of #.3.C. An0 reinforce+ent incor9orated in t6e #.3.C. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. %(%

1$.'.$. "a/p proo4 Coursi0g >ith Bitu/e0 Felts. 12.2.2.1 . 12.2.2.2 . Scope . 12.2.2.1.1 . 12.2.2.2.1 . <a= <ii= 12.2.2.2.2 . 12.2.2.. "a/p Proo4 <i= Coursi0g A=o8e #rou03 !e8el (Re4er "rg. 1$'.$-1 (a) <ii= <a= T6is s9ecification covers +aterial@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of #a+9 9roof coursing 4it6 .itu+en felt. itu+en >elts E- T6e t09e and grades of itu+en felts given .elo4 confor+ing to I.'. 1-22-1555 s6all .e usedE>i.re .ase self finis6ed felt t09e 2 grade -. 1essian .ase self finis6ed felt t09e grade 2. itu+en E- 'a+e as s9ecified under s9ecification for 4ater 9roofing of roofs. 1ot a99lied .lo4n .itu+en T 1.5 7gN%2

2aterials .

1essian .ase self finis6ed felt t09e grade 2. or >i.er .ase self finis6ed felt t09e 2 grade 1ot a99lied .lo4n 7gN+2 itu+en T 1.5

<.= <iii= 12.2.2.-.2 .

3re9aration of 4all floor sla.s E- T6e eart6 in t6e 9lint6 s6all .e filled u9to t6e level s6o4n in t6e dra4ings and 4ell ra++ed as s9ecified in c6a9ter No. 1/ for floorings . T6e +asonr0 s6all .e constructed u9to 1 course .elo4 t6e 9lint6 level. T6e to9 s6all .e 9lastered@ level@ even and s+oot6 4it6 ce+ent or li+e +ortar as s9ecified. Also t6e inner face of t6e 4all over 46ic6 #.3.C. s6all .e 9rovided .e rendered s+oot6 si+ilarl0. Over t6e ra++ed eart6 a )5 ++. la0er of lean ce+ent concrete 1E2I, +ix@ s6all .e laid@ levelled and finis6ed even and s+oot6. At t6e Aunction of t6e ce+ent concrete sla. and 4all a ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ fillet )5x)5 ++. and )5 ++. radius s6all .e constructed.

%('

T6e da+9 9roof coursing s6all cover t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all excluding rendering .ut s6all not .e set .ac* fro+ t6e face of 4all for 9ointing. T6e felt over 4alls@ against t6e vertical face and over floors s6all .e laid continuous. 'ufficient care s6all .e ta*en t6at t6e necessar0 overla9s are 9rovided and 4ell .onded. A 9rotective la0er of .ric* 5 c+. t6ic* or ce+ent concrete of $rade % 1// s6all .e laid over t6e da+9 9roof coursing on t6e floor . T6e floor finis6 can .e 9rovided over t6e .ric* la0er a la0er of li+e or ce+ent concrete )5 ++. t6ic*. 12.2.2.2 . "a/p Proo4 Coursi0g 4or Base/e0t o4 a Buil3i0g or a Structure . 12.2.2.2.1 . #a+9 9roof coursing in .ase+ent of .uilding s6all .e done onl0 at t6e ti+e 46en t6e su.soil 4ater level is lo4est.

12.2.2.2.2 .

'uita.le su99orts s6all .e 9rovided for #.3.C. treat+ent to 4it6 stand t6e antici9ated 4ater 9ressure de9ending on t6e de9t6 of t6e .ase+ent. AdeDuate arrange+ents for 9u+9ing out 4ater s6all .e ado9ted@ so as to *ee9 t6e site of 4or* dr0 till #.3.C. is co+9leted and loading coats of ce+ent concrete or .ric* 4or*@ co+9letel0 set. T6e s*etc6 given s6all give t6e exact 9osition of #.3.C. in t6e structures <refer #rg. 12.2.2-1 <.= : 12.2.2.-1 <c=. T6e 4or* for #.3.C. in .ase+ent of ne4 .uilding under construction s6all .e executed in t6e follo4ing order . ase sla. of 4ea*er ce+ent concrete <1E2E,=. 1oriBontal #a+9 9roof coursing 4it6 .itu+en felt. >lat .ric*s 5/ ++. T6ic* or soling stones laid flat in t6ic*ness of )5 ++. or ce+ent concrete of grade % 1// laid in sa+e t6ic*ness. 'tructural 4all in .ric* or stone +asonr0 4or* or in &.C.C. of t6e reDuired

12.2.2.2..

12.2.2.2.2 . 12.2.2.2.5 . <a= <.= <c=

<d=

%((

t6ic*ness. <e= Vertical da+9 9roof coursing s6all .e connected to 6oriBontal #.3.C. at t6eir Cunction@ over a ce+ent concrete $rade % 15/ fillet )5x)5 ++. and )5 ++. radius. 3rotective 4all in ric* 4or* of t6ic*ness <5/ ++.= s6all .e constructed@ on outer side of #.3.C. and a ca9illar0 s9ace is left for ce+ent grouting. #.3.C. s6all .e done as given .elo4E 3ri+er. 1ot a99lied lo4n .itu+en T 1.5 *gN+2 >i.re .ase self finis6ed >elt t09e 2 grade -. or 1essian .ase self finis6ed >elt t09e grade 2. <d= Note E'a+e as ite+ <.= "a0ing of felt and .itu+en s6all .e in a +anner descri.ed under 4ater 9roofing treat+ents of roofs. #a+9 9roof coursing in .ase+ent <Existing 'tructure= T6e da+9 9roof coursing s6all .e laid in t6e existing 4alls and floors at suc6 a distance t6at t6e inner 4alls +a0 .e sufficientl0 t6ic* to ta*e u9 t6e +axi+u+ antici9ated 4ater 9ressure. T6is can onl0 .e ac6ieved .0 constructing t6e inner 4alls and floors over #.3.C. T6is causes reduction of cu.ical contents of t6e roo+s. 3ro9er arrange+ents s6all .e +ade to 9rotect t6e area of 4or* fro+ 4ater till t6e treat+ent is co+9lete. An0 9aint or diste+9er over t6e 4all s6all .e re+oved. t6e 4alls and floors rendered s+oot6 4it6 a la0er of ce+ent +ortar .efore t6e a99lication of #.3.C. T6e seDuence of da+9 9roof coursing s6all .e si+ilar to t6at descri.ed under 12.2.2.2.(. a.ove. Treat+ent at t6e .ase of Cavit0 E- #a+9

<f=

12.2.2.2.( . <a= <.= <c=

12.2.2.2.) . <a=

<.=

<c=

12.2.2.5

"a/p Proo4

12.2.2.5.1

%(+

Coursi0g 4or Ca8it1 Aalls >ith Bitu/e0 Felt .

9roof coursing s6all .e a99lied at least 15 c+. a.ove t6e ground level or t6e 9lint6 9rotection level. itu+enous felt of t6e s9ecified Dualit0 s6all .e s9read and fixed 6oriBontall0 as 9er s9ecification No. 12.15 for 4ater 9roofing of roofs 4it6 .itu+inous felt@ over t6e inner and outer leafs se9aratel0 in full lengt6 of t6e 4all. All curls and sags etc. s6all .e re+oved carefull0 and t6e excess 4idt6 of felt tri++ed to t6e exact 4idt6 of t6e 4all. 'eDuence of 4or* s6all .e as follo4E1ot a99lied .itu+en T *gNsD. +. over a clean and dr0 surface at te+9eratures s9ecified .0 t6e +anufacturer. itu+enous felt laid unifor+l0 as 9er s9ecification No. 12.15. itu+enous felt laid unifor+l0 as 9er s9ecification No. 12.15. 1ot a99lied .itu+en T 1.5 7gNsD. +. over felt 46ile .itu+en is still 6ot@ t6e next course of .ric*s s6all .e laid for .etter .ond reasons. Treat+ent of Aa+.s E- #a+9 9roofing 9roofing over Ca+.s s6all .e verticall0 a99lied at t6e Cunction of t6e inner and outer leafs. After t6e Coints are ra*ed and all dust and dirt re+oved .itu+inous felt s6all .e fixed to it in a +anner descri.ed under 12.2.2.5.1. a.ove@ 46ile t6e .itu+en to9 la0er is still 6ot t6e .ric*s for closing t6e Cunction s6all .e laid for 9ro9er .ond reasons <&efer #rg. 12.2.22= Treat+ent of "intels I- #.3.C. s6all .e a99lied Cust over t6e to9 and end surfaces of t6e lintel. T6e .itu+enous felt s6all .e s9read over and fixed on t6e inner leaf 9ortion of t6e lintel 4it6 its one edge coinciding 4it6 t6e inner edge of t6e interior leaf. After all curls and sags are re+oved and sufficient .ond 6as develo9ed .et4een@ felt and and surface@ felt s6all .e .ent along t6e slo9e of t6e cavit0 9ortion of lintel@ and t6en s9read and fixed over t6e external leaf 9ortion si+ilarl0 and excess 4idt6 of felt .eing cut out. T6e felt level on t6e internal leaf

<i=

<ii= <ii= <iii=

12.2.2.5.2 .

12.2.2.5..

%(,

s6all .e at least 5 c+. 6ig6er t6an t6at on t6e external leaf. T6e seDuence of a99l0ing itu+enous felt s6all .e sa+e as descri.ed under 12.2.2.5.1. At least t4o ?ee9 6oles one on eac6 end of lintel s6all .e 9rovided in order to disc6arge an0 4ater at lintel level . <&efer #rg. 12.2.2-2= 12.2.2.5.2 . Treat+ent to 9ara9et and co9ing E- In case 46ere co9ing is of i+9ervious +aterial li*e stone or dense ce+ent concrete no da+9 9roof course s6all .e a99lied under co9ing@ #.3.C. in 9ara9et s6all .e laid at a 6eig6t of 15 to 2/ c+. a.ove t6e finis6ed roof level. #.3.C. s6all start on t6e exterior leaf .roug6t do4n to t6e interior edge of t6e interior leaf as s6o4n in s*etc6 #.3.C. under co9ing s6all .e 9rovided Cust under t6e dri9 course. #.3.C. of itu+enous felt s6all .e laid in a +anner descri.ed under 9ara 12.2.2.5.2. In case t6e 9ara9et is of solid construction t6e #.3.C. s6all .e a99lied Cust .elo4 t6e filling <&efer #rg. 12.2.2- : 12.2.2.-2= 12.2.2.( . 2o3e o4 <i= 2easure/e0t . 1oriBontal and Vertical da+9 9roof coursing as descri.ed a.ove s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in sDuare +etres inclusive of all overla9ings@ cuttings@ and 4aster@ ce+ent concrete fillets <T6ese s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0 .ut considered as inclusive under #.3.C.= All ot6er ite+s e.g. ce+ent or li+e concrete levelling course@ 9u+9ing out 4ater@ constructing su99orting .ric* 4alls etc. s6all .e +easured as se9arate ite+s in accordance 4it6 t6eir res9ective s9ecification .

<ii=

%(-

%(5

%+6

%+1

%+$

%+%

1$.( "E2O!ITION AN" "IS2ANT!IN# 12.5.1. Scope . 12.5.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers t6e +et6od and +ode of +easure+ent of #e+olition and #is+antling. T6e ter+ Gdis+antlingG i+9lies@ carefull0 ta*ing u9 or do4n and re+oving 4it6out da+age. Articles s6all .e 9assed .0 6and 46ere necessar0 and lo4ered to t6e ground and not t6ro4n. ?6ere t6ese are fixed .0 nails@ scre4s@ .olts etc. dis+antling s6all .e done .0 ta*ing out t6e fixure@ 4it6 9ro9er tools and not .0 tearing or ri99ing off. T6e ter+ 8#e+olition8 i+9lies ta*ing u9 and do4n or .rea*ing u9. T6e de+olition s6all al4a0s .e 9lanned .efore 6and and s6all .e done in t6e reverse order of t6e one in 46ic6 t6e structure 4as constructed. T6e sc6e+e s6all .e got a99roved fro+ t6e Engineer .efore starting t6e 4or*. Te+9orar0 s6oring or an0 arrange+ent as desired .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e carried out for t6e safet0 of 9ortions not reDuired to .e 9ulled out or of adCoining 9ro9ert0 or te+9orar0 enclosures or 9artitions. ut t6ese instructions of t6e Engineer s6all in no 4a0 relieve t6e contractor of 6is o.ligation under t6e contract to carr0 out t6e Co. in a 4or*+en li*e 4a0. T6e contractor s6all *ee9 t6e e+9lo0er N Engineer@ inde+nified against all clai+s for da+ages to ot6er 9ro9erties or 9ersonals. T6e contractor s6all if so reDuired .0 t6e Engineer erect and re+ove screens of canvas or ot6er@ suita.le +aterial to +ini+ise t6e nuisance fro+ dust and to 9rovide for 4atering as t6e 4or* of de+olition or dis+antling 9roceeds. All steel 4or*@ cut stone 4or*@ 4ood 4or*@ roofing sla.s@ stone flooring sla.ls sills@ tands@ s6elves@ srvans@ ste9s@ stones@ .ric*s@ electric and sanitar0 fittings and all ot6er +aterials 46ic6 in t6e o9inion of t6e Engineer are servicea.le.

12.5.2.

#e0eral .

12.5.2.1.

12.5.-.

Pre-pla00i0g .

12.5.-.1.

12.5.2.

Shori0g .

12.5.2.1.

12.5.5.

Nuisa0ce Fro/ 12.5.5.1. "ust .

12.5.(.

Ser8icea=le 2aterials .

12.5.(.1.

%+'

12.5.). 12.5.,.

0ser8icea=le 2aterials . "isposal o4 2aterials .

12.5.).1. 12.5.,.1.

An0 +aterial 46ic6 is not servicea.le s6all .e considered as unservicea.le. T6e servicea.le +aterials s6all .e se9arated fro+ t6e unservicea.le and s6all .e 9ro9erl0 stac*ed as desired .0 t6e Engineer. T6e unservicea.le +aterial s6all .e dis9osed off as directed .0 t6e Engineer. %easure+ent of all 4or*@ exce9t 6idden 4or* s6all .e ta*en E>O&E #E%O"ITION AN# #I'%ANTIN$ : no allo4ance for increase in 6ul* s6all .e allo4ed@ t6e condition of +aterials@ .ro*en or un.ro*en s6all .e noted do4n s9eciall0@ 3arts of 4or* reDuired to .e de+olis6ed and t6ose reDuired to .e dis+antled s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e units of +easure+ents 46ere a99lica.le s6all generall0 .e t6e sa+e as t6ose e+9lo0ed for t6e construction of t6e 4or* and t6e deduction for voids@ o9enings etc. s6all .e +easured on t6e 8sa+e8 .asis. %aCor ite+s s6all .e +easured as s9ecified fro+ <v= to <xiv= ?or* laid dr0 and in +ortar s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and t6e t09e of +ortar used s6all .e stated. >ra+ed and unfra+ed 4or* s6all .e +easured se9-aratel0. If fra+ed 4or* is reDuired to .e ta*en as under it s+all .e so stated in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. &oofs E- &oof coverings generall0 including .attens@ .oarding@ +ats@ .a+.oo@ Caffri@ or ot6er su.sidiar0 su99ort s6all .e given in sDuare +etres stating t6e t6ic*ness and siBe or gauge. &idges@ 6i9s and valle0s s6all .e girt6ed and included 4it6 t6e roof area. Corrugated and se+i-corrugated surface s6all .e +easured flat and not along t6e girt6s of corrugations and s6all .e +easured 4it6out an0 allo4ance for la9s. 'u99orting +e+.ers suc6 as rafters@ 9urlins@ .ea+s@ Coists@ trusses etc. 46ere of 4ood s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres@ and steel or iron sections in Duintals@ T6ose %+(

12.5.5.

2o3e o4 12.5.5.1. 2easrue/e0t . <i=

<ii=

<iii=

<iv=

<v=<a=

<.=

eit6er exceeding 1/ +. s9an or 5 +. 6eig6t a.ove ground or .ot6 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. <c= In case of stone sla. roofing .rea*ing do4n d6ar@ 76aranCa@ &alt6al etc. s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres. 'tone sla.s 46ic6 are intact and reDuired to .e ta*en do4n as suc6 s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres. T6ose exceeding 2.5 +etres s9an s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. <vi= <vii= Ceilings E- T6e +ode of +easure+ent s6all .e given in <v= <a= and 5v= <.=. >loors E- #is+antling floors <exce9t concrete and .ric* floors = s6all .e given in sDuare +etres stating t6e +aterials@ its t6ic*ness and t6e +anner in 46ic6 fixed. rea*ing do4n floors of concrete or .ric* s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres. ?allsE- In +easuring t6ic*ness of 9lastered 4alls t6e t6ic*ness of 9laster s6all .e excluded. Ta*ing do4n 4alls and inde9endent 9iers or colu+ns@ of .ric*@ stone@ or concrete s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres. All co9ings cor.els@ cornices and ot6er 9roCections s6all .e included 4it6 t6e 4all +easure+ents. As6lar face stones@ dressed 4or*@ 9recast concrete articles if reDuired to .e ta*en do4n intact s6all .e so stated and +easured se9aratel0 in cu.ic +etres. &e+oving +ortar for cleaning .ric*s and stone or concrete articles s6all .e given in clu.ic +etres of cleaned +aterials. 1one0 <ix= co+.-4or* and 6ollo4 .loc* 4alling s6all .e +easured@ as solid. &.c.C. : &. . 4or* E- &einforced concrete structures and reinforced .ric* roofs and 4all s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres. If reinforce+ent is reDuired to .e cut t6e cuttings of reinforce+ent s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in area of steel cut. T6e .ars u9to 1( ++ : exceeding 1( ++ .eing +easured se9aratel0.

<viii=

%++

?6ere t6e reinforce+ent is reDuired to .e se9arated@ scra99ed and cleaned it s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in Duintals of salvaged steel. T6e .ars u9to 1( ++ and exceeding 1( ++ .eing +easured se9aratel0. <x= 9artitions E- 3artitions or lig6t 4alls of lat6 and 9laster@ trellis 4or*@ ex9anded +etal@ t6in concrete or terra cotta- sla.s ot6er si+ilar +aterials s6all .e given in sDuare +eteres stating t6e t6ic*ness. ?ood 4or* of Trusses@ .ea+s etc.E- All 4ood 4or* including 7arries@ average 2/ sD. c+. or over in section s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres 46ile t6at under 2/ sD. c+s@ in running +etres t6e siBe .eing stated. ullies s6all .e given in running +etres t6e siBe .eing given. oarding s6all .e given in sDuare +etres stating t6e t6ic*ness. 'teel and iron 4or* E- All steel and iron 4or* s6all .e given in Duintals. T6e 4eig6t s6all .e co+9uted for+ standard ta.les unless t6e actual 4eig6t can .e readil0 deter+ined. &iveted 4or* 46ere rivets are reDuired to .e cut s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 . #oors and 4indo4s E- #is+antling doors and 4indo4s < 4ood or steel = s6all .e enu+erated. T6ose exceeding - sD. +. eac6 s6all .e +easure se9aratel0 <enu+erated= &e+oval of old c6o4*6ats@ arc6itraves@ 6oldfasts and ot6er attac6+ents s6all .e included in t6e ite+ . #rains and 4ater su99l0 E- 3ic*ing u9 of drains@ re+oving of 4ater 9i9es etc. s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres. An0 necessar0 excavation refilling etc. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e stac*ing of all servicea.le +aterial and dis9osal of all unservicea.le +aterial 4it6in 15/ +etres s6all .e included in eac6 inte+. Extra for re+oval of +aterials .e0ond 15/ +. s6all .e given in cu.ic +etres or in tonnes <+etric tons =9er extra lead of eac6 5/ +. over 15/ +.

<xi=

<xii=

<xiii=

<xiv=

%+,

12.(.1.

12.(.2.

12.(.-.

1$.+. E)PANSION DOINTS Scope . 12.(.1.1. T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ la0ing and +ode of +easure+ent of Ex9ansion Coints. 2aterials . 12.(.2.1. T6ere are t6ree classes of +aterials reDuired for t6e ex9ansion Coints. <i= Aoint filler <ii= 'ealing co+9ound. <iii= ?ater ar 12.(.2.2. T6e various t09es of +aterials under t6e a.ove classes s6all confor+ to t6e follo4ing Indian 'tandards E<i= 3refor+ed .itu+en i+9regnated fi.re filler I.'. 1,-,-15(1 <ii= 1ot a99lied sealing co+9ound I.'. 1,-215(1. <iii= Cold a99lied sealing Co+9ound I.'. <iv= 9refor+ed natural and s0nt6etic ru..er sealing co+9ound I.'. <v= Co99er s6eet and stri9 for t6e +anufacture of utensils and for t6e general 9ur9oses@ I.'. 155/-15(/. <vi= Natural ru..er 4ater .ar I.'. <vii= 3ol0vin0le c6lorde 4ater .ar I.X. 12.(.2.-. T6e grade of 6ot a99lied sealing co+9ound s6all .e grade A or grade as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. $rade A is for general use@ 46ile grade is to get fuel resistant and used for airfield 9ave+ents. 12.(.2.2. T6e siBe of t6e various co+9onents s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e contract dra4ings. T6e Coint filler s6ould .e used in lengt6s of +. unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. For/ Aor:. 12.(.-.1. >or 6olding t6e Coint filler and 4ater .ar in 9osition@ t6e ti+.er end for+ s6all .e 9rovided as 9er dra4ings. 12.(.-.2. >or for+ing a sealing cavit0@ a99ro9riate for+ 4or* as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e 9rovided to ena.le a sealing cavit0 of t6e reDuired s6a9e@ and correct di+ensions to .e for+ed in dense 4ater9roof concrete. 12.(.-.-. T6e fro+ 4or* is to .e accuratel0 constructed so as to 9revent lea*age of fines.

%+-

12.(.2.

Placi0g the 12.(.2.1. Doi0t Filler a03 Aater Bar i0 Positio0 .

12.(.2.2.

12.(.2.-.

12.(.5.

Co0creti0g .

12.(.5.1.

12.(.(.

Re/o8al o4 For/ Aor: . Co0creti0g o0 the other si3e.

12.(.(.1.

12.(.).

12.(.).1.

12.(.,.

Preparatio0 o4 Seali0g Co/pou03s .

12.(.,.1.

T6e Coint filler s6all .e accuratel0 cut to fit tig6tl0 against t6e for+ 4or* and t6e 4ater .ar if 9rovided. In Coints 46ere +ore t6an one 9iece of filler is reDuired t6e 9ieces 4ill .utt toget6er closel0. In sus9ended Coints t6e filler s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 co99er nails at -/ c+. a9art of t6e suita.le siBe. T6e 4ater .ar s6all .e 9laced and 6eld in 9osition correctl0 suc6 t6at t6e centre of t6e corrugation is in t6e centre of t6e Coint. T6e fillet for for+ing t6e sealing cavit0 s6all tig6tl0 fit t6e 4ater .ar. All t6e for+ 4or* s6all .e cleaned : oiled . T6e concrete s6all .e 9laced and co+9acted as 9er s9ecification No. 5.2. 9articular care s6ould .e ta*en to co+9act t6e concrete around t6e Coint. T6e end fro+ 4or* s6all .e re+oved after 2, 6ours exce9t t6e fillet for for+ing t6e sealing cavit0. T6e concreting on t6e ot6er side can .e done Cust after t6e re+oval of end for+ 4or* and cavit0 allo4ed to dr0. T6e fillet s6all .e oiled 9ro9erl0 .efore concreting is started. ?6en concreting is over t6e fillet s6all .e re+oved. 1ot a99lied sealing co+9ounds E-

<i=

<ii= <iii= <iv=

<v=

12.(.,.2.

T6e sealing co+9ound s6all .e 6eated indirectl0 as slo4l0 as 9ossi.le until t6ere is sufficient volu+e of +olten +aterial to transfer 6eat to un+olten +aterial . !se oil .urners for 6eating so t6at it can .e controlled. #o not a99l0 fierce 6eat direct to t6e vessel containing t6e co+9ound. At t6e end of t6e 4or* 9eriod@ e+9t0 t6e +elting vessel. >or large 4or*s +elter for t6is 9ur9ose s6all .e used. After 6aving 6eated to t6e reDuired te+9erature it s6ould .e transferred to t6e Coint 4it6out loss of ti+e. Cold a99lied 'ealing Co+9ounds E- T6ese +aterials s6all .e a99lied 4it6 a Tro4el @ 7nife or 9ressure $un and finis6ed s+oot6. uilding +astics s6all not .e a99lied at te+9erature .elo4 5/C.

%+5

12.(.,.-.

12.(.5.

Applicatio0 o4 Seali0g Co/pou03 .

<i=

3refor+ed natural and s0nt6etic ru..er sealing co+9ounds E- T6ese s6all .e a99lied .0 si+9l0 9ressing t6e+ against a surface 46ic6 is to for+ one of t6e 4alls of t6e Coint and t6en 9ressing t6e second surface u9to it. T6e floors s6ould .e sealed as near t6e co+9letion of t6e 4or* as 9ossi.le.

12.(.1/ .

'tructures suc6 as covered reservoirs .e scaled .efore t6e roof is constructed. <iii= All sealing s6all .e done during dr0 4eat6er and if 9ossi.le during s9ring . <iv= T6e cavit0 s6all .e cleaned .0 t6oroug6 .rus6ing and care s6all .e ta*en to c6ec* u9 t6at t6e cavit0 is 9erfectl0 dr0. <v= ?6ere ever s9ecified@ t6e 9ri+er s6all .e a99lied .0 .rus6@ care s6all .e ta*en t6at t6e excess 9ri+er is not used. <vi= Ensure t6at t6e 9ri+er coats t6e 4alls of t6e sealing cavit0 to t6e full de9t6. <vii= T6e 9ri+er s6all .e allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0 .efore t6e sealing co+9ound in a99lied. <viii= T6e correct +et6ods for t6e 9re9aration and a99lication for t6e a99ro9riate sealing co+9ound s6all .e as 9rescri.ed .0 t6e +anufacturer. 2o3e o4 12.(.1/.1 T6e Coint filler s6all .e 9aid in sDuare 2easure/e0t . +etres t6e t6ic*ness .eing s9ecified. <i= T6e Coint filler s6all .e 9aid in sDuare +etres t6e t6ic*ness .eing s9ecified. <ii= T6e 4ater .ars s6all .e +easured in running +etres t6e siBe .eing s9ecified. <iii= T6e sealing and 9ri+er co+9ound s6all .e +easured .0 volu+e.

<ii=

%,6

%,1

%,$

%,%

1$.,. C T STONE "OOR AN" AIN"OA FRA2ES. 1$.,.1. Scope 12.).1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e +aterials@ siBes@ dressing@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of cut stone door@ 4indo4 and ventilator fra+es.

1$.,.$

2aterials 12.).2.1 'tones E-'tones s6all .e as s9ecified under s9ecification for stone sills@ s9ecification No. 12.1(. 'iBe E- T6e sections of t6e fra+es for 4indo4s@ doors@ and ventilators s6all .e as given in t6e contract. T6e sections nor+all0 used are given .elo4 <refer #rg. 12.)-1=. #oors and ?indo4s E<i= 'ingle 9aita+ )5 x )5 ++ 1//x)5 ++ <ii= #ou.le 9aita+ 1//x)5 ++ 125x)5 ++ 125x1// ++ <.= Ventilators E <i= 'ingle 9aita+ )5 x 5/ ++ 125x5/ ++ 1//x)5 ++ T6e 4idt6 of t6e re.ate s6all .e eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of s6utters and t6e de9t6 s6all .e 1- ++. 12.).-.2 #ressing E-!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified ever0 +e+.er of t6e fra+e s6all .e fine tool dressed on all t6e ex9osed faces including re.ates. <&efer c6a9ter 5 8#ressing of Natural uilding 'tones8 of Ex9lanator0 Notes=. T6e face in contact 4it6 t6e 4all +a0 .e left undressed. Aointing and fixing E-T6e +e+.ers of t6e fra+e s6all .e fixed 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E2 of t6e t09e and Dualit0 as 9er s9ecification No. -.-. T6e 9roCections of t6e to9 and .otto+ +e+.er 46ic6 s6all not .e less t6an 15 c+.@ s6all .e %,'

1$.,.%

Si;eB "ressi0g a03 Fi7i0g.

12.).-.1

<a=

12.).-.-

4ell .uilt into t6e. 4all at .ot6 ends. T6e vertical +e+.ers of t6e fra+e s6all .e 4ell fixed into t6e to9 and .otto+ 6oriBontal +e+.ers and s6all 6ave +ason8s +ortice and tenon Coint. T6e siBe of t6e tennon s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e #rg. No. 12.)-2. An0 s+all s9ace left at t6e Coint s6all .e filled 4it6 neat ce+ent slurr0. ?6ere .otto+ 6oriBontal +e+.er is not 9rovided@ t6e vertical +e+.ers s6all .e e+.eded at least -/ ++. dee9 in t6e stone sills or in ce+ent concrete sills. T6e fixing of t6e fra+es s6all .e carried out along 4it6 t6e 4or* of +asonr0 and s6all not .e left to .e done later on. T6e fra+e s6all .e 4ell 9rotected fro+ da+ages due to ot6er o9erations connected 4it6 t6e construction 4or*. 1$.,.'. Fi7i0g o4 &i0ges. 12.).2.1 >ixing arrange+ent of 1ingesE- T6e 6inges can .e fixed to t6e fra+e in t6e follo4ing +anner. In t6is +et6od a recess is +ade in t6e fra+e for fixing of 4ooden .loc* 15 c+. x t6ic*ness of s6utter x 4idt6 of fra+e@ to 46ic6 t6e 6inges are fixed as for 4ooden fra+es. 12.).2.2 1oles E-T6e nu+.er of t6roug6 6oles to .e left in t6e fra+e <9osition as .s6o4n on t6e dra4ings= s6all .e as under I 2 Nos@ 1/ ++ dia for eac6 .inge. 2 Nos@ 1/ ++ dia for eac6 to4er .olt. An0 ot6er 6oles reDuired for ot6er fittings and grills s6all .e left as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as directed .0 t6e Engineering c6arge. T6ese additional 6oles s6all .e +easured and 9aid se9aratel0. 12.).2.Nu+.er of 1inges E-T6e nu+.er of 6inges s6ould .e as 9er sc6edule of fittings given in c6a9ter )@ .ut atleast 6inges s6ould .e 9rovided for fixing one door s6utter leaf and 2 6inges for fixing of 4indo4 and ventilator s6utter leaf.

%,(

12.).5

>inis6ing E After co+9letion of t6e 4or*@ t6e fra+es s6all .e 4as6ed 4it6 4as6ing soda or an0 ot6er +aterial to re+ove an0 stains of li+e@ 46ite 4as6ing or 9aint etc. If desired .0 t6e Engineering c6arge@ t6e0 +a0 .e 46ite or colour 4as6ed@ for 46ic6 no additional 9a0+ent s6all .e +ade.

1$.,.+

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a=

T6e +easure+ent s6all .e recorded in running +etres. T6e .earings reDuired for fixing t6e fra+e in t6e 4all or sills@ s6all not .e +easured. %a*ing 6oles@ and recesses for 6ousing of 6inges and to4er .olts etc. is included in t6e rate for t6e ite+ and s6all not .e 9aid se9aratel0. An0 extra 6oles reDuired for fixing iron grills s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e curved fra+es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

<.=

<c= <d=

%,+

%,,

%,-

1$.- R.C.C. "OOR AN" AIN"OA FRA2ES 1$.-.1. Scope 12.,.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e +aterials@ siBes@ +et6od of construction@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of &.C.C. door@ 4indo4 and ventilator fra+es. Ce+ent concrete E-!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified@ t6e ce+ent concrete s6all .e of 1E2ME-M +ix .0 volu+e@ confor+ing to s9ecification No. 5.-. T6e ce+ent@ coarse@ and fine aggregates and 4ater s6all confor+ to t6e standards 9rescri.ed in '9ecification No. 5.-. T6e +axi+u+ siBe of coarse aggregate s6all .e 1/ ++. T6e Duantit0 of +aterial reDuired for 1 +- of concrete s6all .e as follo4s I <i= <i= Ce+ent /.2 +- or (81 .ags. <ii= 'and - .5-2 +- <iii= Coarse aggregate /.)2,. +&einforce+ent E- T6e reinforce+ent@ and do4el .ars s6all .e +ild steel rods confor+ing to &s. 2-2-15(/. T6e relevant 9ortion of 9ara 12.).-.1. s6all a99l0. T6e +ain reinforce+ent s6all .e 2 Nos. 5 ++. dia+eter .ars@ T6e stirru9s s6all .e of - ++ dia+eter 4ires s9aced 15 c+. centres. T6e fa.rication s6all .e done as s9ecified for &.C. 4or*. %ould E-T6e +ould s6all generall0 .e of steel. ?ooden +oulds +a0 also .e 9er+itted at t6e discretion of Engineer in c6arge. Casting E- efore filling t6e concrete in t6e +oulds t6ese s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned and t6en oiled 4it6 +ould oil and reinforce+ent s*elton 9laced ill t6e +oulds in 9ro9er 9osition. T6e covers s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e #ra4ings. T6e concrete s6all .e +ixed as s9ecified for 9lain concrete in c6a9ter 5 and s6all .e

1$.-.$

2aterials .

12.,.2.1

12.,.2.2

1$.-.% 1$.-.'

Si;e. Rei04orce/e0t a03 its Fa=ricatio0.

12.,.-.1 12.,.2.1

12.,.2.2 1$.-.( Casti0g. 12.,.5.1

12.,.5.2

%,5

graduall0 filled into t6e +oulds and *e9t continuousl0 co+9acted .0 rodding and ta+9ing until t6e +ould is full. An0 extra concrete s6all .e struc* off level 4it6 a straig6t edge. Alternatel0 t6e co+9action +a0 .e done on a vi.ration 9latfor+. 12.,.5.&e+oval of +ould I- T6e sides of t6e +oulds +a0 .e re+oved carefull0 .0 sliding after a.out 2 6ours and an0 defects noticed .e rectified. T6e &.C. fra+e .e re+oved fro+ t6e +ould after 1( 6ours for curing. %a*ing de9ressions for 1inges : 1oles E- T6e de9ressions and 6oles for fixing u9 of 6inges@ to4er .olts@ and grating etc. s6ould .e +ade as 9er dra4ings at t6e ti+e of casting. T6e relevant 9ortion of 9ara 12.).2. s6all also a99l0. 12.,.5.5 CuringE-I++ediatel0 after t6e fra+es are re+oved fro+ t6e +oulds@ t6ese s6all .e covered 4it6 4et canvas ti9 t6e first 22 6ours fro+ t6e ti+e of casting 6ave ela9sed@ After4ards t6ese s6all .e s6ifted to a curing 0ard or 9laced in an i++ersion tan* 46ere t6ese s6all .e *e9t continuousl0 +oist for atleast 21 Y.@ da0s.. ?6en cured in an i++ersion tan* t6e 4ater of t6e tan* s6all .e c6anged ever0 fort6 da0. #r0ing E-After t6e curing 9eriod is over t6e units s6all .e stored in a s6ed and allo4ed to dr0 graduall0 fo18 at least 2 4ee*s .efore t6ese are used in t6e construction. >inis6ing t6e ex9osed faces 4it6 s9ecial finis6esE TerraBBo or +ar.le c6i9s or an0 ot6er s9ecial finis6es s6all .e 9rovided if desired. T6e terraBBo la0er ( ++. t6ic* s6all .e 9rovided on t6e ex9osed faces@ after t6e sides 6ave .een re+oved <after a.out 2 6ours=. T6e terraBBo finis6 +a0 .e in 9lain ce+ent or colours added to t6e ordinar0

12.,.5.2

12.,.5.(

12.,.5.)

%-6

or 46ite ce+ent as t6e case +a0 .e. T6e 4or* of terraBBo finis6 s6all .e carried out as 9er s9ecification of terraBBo flooring. 1$.-.+ Fi7i0g 12.,.(.1 T6e relevant 9ortion of 9ara 12.).-.-. s6all a99l0@ .ut instead of tenon and +orise Coint@ a do4el 12 ++. dia+eter 15 c+ long s6all .e e+.eded 1/ c+. in t6e vertical +e+.er and s6all 9roCect 5 c+ a.ove it. T6e 9roCected 9ortion s6all fit in t6e 6ole 9rovided in t6e 6oriBontal +e+.er. T6e 6ole s6all .e 9lugged 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E2. 'a+e as for cut stone fra+es. '9ecial finis6es on &.C. fra+es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and 9aid accordingl0.

1$.-.,

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

<a= <.=

%-1

%-$

%-%

1$.5 &ol3 Fasts 1$.5.1 Scope 12.5.1.1 T6e s9ecification covers t6e. +aterials@ siBe and s6a9e@ +et6od of fixing and +ade of +easure+ent of 1oldfasts. %.'. flat confor+ing to I.'. 15)). %.'. olt confor+ing to "'. 515. 'cre4s confor+ing to I.'. 251. 'iBe E-!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e siBe s6all .e -5x2xO8 A c+s. '6a9e E-5 c+s. at one end s6all .e .ent at rig6t angles for fixing to t6e fra+e and 1/ c+s. at t6e ot6er end s6all .e cut in t4o 6alves and .ent eit6er as s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.5-1 or #rg. No. 12.5-2. as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer.

1$.5.$

2aterials

12.5.2.1 12.5.2.2 12.5.2.-

1$.5.%

Si;e a03 Shape

12.5.-.1 12.5.-.2

1$.5.'

Fi7i0g

12.5.2.1

>ixing s6all eit6er .e done 4it6 %.'. .olts or scre4sE %.'. .olt s6all .e one nu+.er of 1/ ++. dia+eter and of lengt6 2.5 c+. +ore t6an t6e t6ic*ness of t6e fra+e. 'cre4s s6all .e t4o in nu+.er of scre4 designation No. 1/ <siBe 5 ++. dia= and of lengt6 5/ ++. T6e 6old fasts s6all eit6er .e fixed in +asonr0 4it6 iE(G ce+ent sand +ortar or in 9lain ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/. T6e unit of +easure+ent of 6old fasts s6all .eI G9er nu+.erG inclusive of .olts@ nuts or scre4s and fixing in +asonr0 as s9ecified a.ove.

12.5.2.2

1$.5.(

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

12.5.5.1

%-'

1$.16 !AT& AN" P!ASTER PARTITION 1$.16.1 Scope. 12.1/.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e +aterial@ for+ 4or*@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of "at6 and 3laster 9artition. "at6s E-Ex9anded +etal s6eet for general 9ur9oses confor+ing to 1.'. 212-1552E I of +es6 size 15x2/ ++@ 'trand siBe 2.5x1./ ++ T 2.222 7gN+2. ?elded %es6 lat6ing E-'teel roll lat6ing as s9ecified .0 t6e Engineer. >ra+e.E-%.'. angle or Tee confor+ing to I.'. 15)) unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. 3laster E %ortar for rendering E-Ce+ent li+e sand 9laster 1E2E( +ix 4it6 c6o99ed 6e+9 free fro+ grease@ dust and ot6er i+9urities T 5.5 7gZ + - of +ortar 9re9ared according to s9ecification No. -.2. >urnis6ing coat E- T6e finis6ing coat s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification in c6a9ter -. >ra+e ?or* T6e fra+e s6all .e in t6e for+ of a grill +ade fro+ .ars of 1/ ++ siBe s9aced at -/ c+s distance and 6eld tig6t .et4een angle iron .elo4 t6e floor and to4ards ceiling 4it6 &.'. Aoists@ tee .ea+s or ties of roof trusses as t6e case +a0 .e or 4it6 se9arate angle or tee iron in case t6e 9artition does not rise rig6t u9to t6e ceiling. T6e rods@ angle iron and tee irons s6all .e cut to t6e reDuired siBes. T6e angle iron and tee iron s6all .e cut at t6eir .ot6 ends for 15 c+s. lengt6 and .ent at rig6t angles as done in t6e case of 6old fasts.

1$.16.$.

2aterials.

12.1/.2.2

12.1/.2.12.1/.2.2 12.1/.2.5 12.1/.2.5.1

12.1/.2.5.2

12.1/.1$.16.%. Fra/e Aor:. 12.1/.-.1

%-(

T6e %.'. rods s6all eit6er .e 4elded 4it6 t6e angle iron &.'.l. or tee iron as t6e case +a0 .e or as directed .0 t6e Engineer. Care s6ould .e ta*en t6at t6e0 are 6eld tig6t. T6e angle iron near floor s6all .e fixed a.out 2/ c+s. .elo4 t6e floor in case of $.>. and a.ove t6e sla.s in case of ot6er floors. ?6en t6e 6eig6t of t6e 9artition exceeds -./ +etres extra angle iron or flat iron of siBes as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings s6all .e 9rovided at not +ore t6an 2 +etres s9acings. T6e angle iron@ tee irons at t6eir ends@ s6all .e e+.eded in ce+ent concrete .loc*s of grade % 15/ and of siBe as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. 1$.16.'. Fi7i0g E7pa03e3 2etal Sheet 12.1/.2.1 T6e suita.le .iggest siBes for t6e 9artition s6all .e selected and if necessar0 cut to t6e reDuired siBes. T6e s6eets s6all .e 9laced over t6e grill suc6 t6at t6e ".?.%. <"ong 4a0 +es6= is at rig6t angles to t6e rods. ?6erever t4o s6eets Coin t6ese s6all .e over la99ed .0 one +es6 lengt6 and fixed .0 6oo9 iron 25xl.5 ++ at 1/ c+s s9acing. 46ere t6e lat6ing .utts u9 against 4ood 4or* suc6 as fra+es of o9enings@ 2 c+ 4idt6 of s6eet s6all .e .ent at rig6t angles over t6e fra+e face and nailed at 1/ c+ s9acing@ and s6all also .e scre4ed at 2/ c+s intervals. T6e s6eets s6all .e tied 4it6 1.5 ++ t6ic*. $.Z. 4ire to t6e .ars at 1/ c+s. +axi+u+ s9acings. Ot6er t09es of lat6ing s6all .e fixed as 9er details given .0 t6e +anufacturers@ or as directed .0 Engineer. T6e render coat s6all .e a99lied stiff on .ot6 t6e sides of t6e +es6 .0 +eans of iron tro4el and levelled 4it6 4ooden flat. T6e surface s6all .e *e9t 9rotected and +oist cured as 9er instructions of t6e Engineer. After t6e render coat 6as set and dried t6e finis6ing coat of t6e s9ecified t09e s6all .e a99lied in accordance 4it6 t6e

12.1/.2.2

1$.16.(

Applicatio0 o4 Plaster.

12.1/.5.1

%-+

s9ecifications. T6e finis6ed t6ic*ness of t6e 9artition s6all .e 5 c+s. or as stated in sc6edule of Duantities. 16.16.+ 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. 12.1/.(.1 T6e 9artition 4all s6all .e +easured in sD. +etres on one face onl0 and s6all include +etal lat6ing@ t6e stiffening rods@ render coat@ finis6ing coat and all ot6er fixing accessories. All o9ening for doors@ 4indo4s etc. s6all .e deducted fro+ t6e area. Angle tee or flat irons fixed in t6e fra+e 4or*s s6all .e +easured as s9ecified for G'teel 4or*G c6a9ter No. ,. >ixing +etal lat6ing 4it6 ti+.er fra+es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in running +etres.

12.1/.(.2

12.1/.(.-

%-,

1$.11 TI2BER PARTITIONS 1$.11.1 Scope 12.11.1.1 T6e s9ecification covers +aterials@ general di+ensions@ construction@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent for ti+.er 9artitions of t6e follo4ing t09es E >ra+ed and 9anelled 9anelled and glaBed. or fra+ed

<i= <ii= 1$.11.$ 2aterial 12.11.2.1

>ra+ed and covered on .ot6 sides@ 4it6 as.estos s6eets@ c6i9s .oards etc. Ti+.er E- T6e ti+.er s6all .e as used for doors@ 4indo4s and Ventilators as 9er clause 1 to 2 of s9ecification No.). Covering %aterials E- Covering +aterials as 9er s9ecification No. 12.1, for 4all covering. ?ood 'cre4s E '6all confor+ to I' E 251-155-. Nails E s6all confor+ to I.'. )2-. T6ic*ness of 9artition E T6e 9artitions s6all .e 5 to ).5 c+s t6ic* as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e 5 c+s. t6ic* 9artitions s6all .e used for 9artitions u9to 2.5 +. lengt6 or 6eig6t onl0@ 46ic6 ever is less. >ra+e E T6e siBes and s9acings of various +e+.ers s6all .e as given in t6e a99endix A : . T6e to9 and .otto+ +e+.ers s6all 6ave 6orns at least 2/ c+s. long. T6e fra+e +e+.ers s6all .e of single 9ieces onl0 <for lengt6 u9to 2 +.=

12.11.2.2

12.11.2.12.11.2.2 1$.11.% #e0eral "i/e0sio0s 12.11.-.1

12.11.-.2

12.11.-.-

3anels E 3anels s6all .e 2/ ++ t6ic*. As regards 4idt6 t6e0 s6all confor+ to standards s9ecified in '9ecification No. ) $lass 3anes E- As s9ecification No. ).1 s9ecified in

12.11.-.2 12.11.-.5

?all coverings E- T6e t6ic*ness and ot6er di+ensions s6all .e as 9er s9ecification No. 12.1, for 4all coverings. T6e fra+ing@ 9anelling and glaBing s6all .e done in accordance 4it6 t6e %--

1$.11.'

Co0structio0.

12.11.2.1

standards s9ecified in s9ecification No. ).1. T6e coverings s6all .e fixed as s9ecified for 4all coverings. 1$.11.( Fi7i0g Partitio0s. 12.11.5.1 A C6iri eDual to t6e 4idt6 of t6e 9artition 9lus 2/ ++ and to t6e full de9t6 of t6e floor finis6 s6all .e cut do4n and 9artition s6all .e fixed in t6e floor finis6. T6e floor s6all .e restored .ac* to its original finis6. T6e fixing to t6e 4alls s6all .e done 4it6 86olds fasts8 as 9er s9ecification at t6e 9oints s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. T6e 9ortion of t6e fra+e co+ing in contact 4it6 t6e 4alls and floors s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 an0 4ood 9reservative. 1$.11.+ For/i0g Ope0i0gs 4or "oors etc. 12.11.(.1 T6e o9enings s6all .e for+ed 4it6 6ead and 9osts of siBes given in t6e a99endix A. T6e re.ates of reDuired 4idt6 and 1- ++ de9t6 s6all .e cut into t6e 6eads and 9osts to 46ic6 t6e doors leafs s6all .e fixed as s9ecified in s9ecification no. ).1 In all ot6er res9ects it s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecification No. ).1 <i= 3anelled andNor glaBed 9ortions s6all .e +easured in sD.+. inclusive of all fra+e 4or*@ t6e t6ic*ness of 9artition@ t09e of 9anelling or glaBing .eing full0 descri.ed. T6e doors etc. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e 6oldfasts s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e covered t09e 9artitions s6all .e +easured as follo4s ET6e fra+e 4or* se9aratel0 in cu.+. Covering se9aratel0 in sD.+.

1$.11., 1$.11.-.

Fi0ish 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

12.11.).1. 12.11.,.1

<ii= <iii= <iv= <a= <.=

%-5

APPEN"I) NAN SIGE AN" SPACIN#S OF EARIO S FRA2E 2E2BERS FOR PANE!!E" PARTITIONS Na/e o4 /e/=er 1ead 'ill. 3ost ( c/. thic: partitio0 Si;e (c/.) 5x).5 5x).5 5x).5 Spaci0g One at To9 One at otto+ One Verticall0 at eac6 ends Verticall0 at (/ c+ centre to centre ,.( c/ thic: partitio0 Si;e Spaci0g (c/.) ).5 x 1/ One at To9 ).5 x1/ One at otto+ ).5x1/ One Verticall0 at eac6 end. ).5x).5 1., +etres a9art verticall0 9laced .et4een t6e 9osts. 5x5 At (/ c+s. cNc .et4een studs. 5x5 T(/ c+s cNc. One at to9 andNor .otto+ of o9ening One on eac6 side of o9ening

S.No. 1. 2. -.

Re/ar:s No se9arate .ea+ 4ould .e reDuired for s9ans u9to 5 +. >or s9ans exceeding 5 +. t6e 6ead s6all .e fixed to .ea+ 9ro9erl0 designed.

2.

'tud

5x5

5.

Inter+ediate 'tud

(. ).

Nogging 5x5 3ieces O9enings 1ead and N or 5x).5 'ill 3ost 5x).5

(/ c+s cNc.

,.

One at to9 ).5x1/ and N or .otto+ of oe9ning One on ).5 x 1/ eac6 side of o9ening

%56

APPEN"I) NBN SIGES OF EARIO S 2E2BERS FOR FRA2E" AN" COEER" PARTITIONS Si;es 4or S.No. 1. 2. -. 2e/=ers 1eads@ 'ills and 3osts 'tuds <%ain=. <At t6e Cunction of t4o s6eets= Inter+ediate studs. <At s9acings as s9ecified in t6e ta.le@ given under 4all .oarding.= Nogging +e+.ers ( c/. thic: Partitio0 ).5x5 c+s. 5x5 c+s. 5x2.5 c+s. ,.( c/. thic: Partitio0 1/x).5 c+s. ).5x).5 c+s. ).5x-., c+s.

2.

5x.25 c+s <TNot +ore t6an 1./ +. a9art= ).5x5 c+s ).5x5 c+s.

-do-

O9enings 5. (. 1eads@ andNor 'ills 3osts 1/x).5 c+s. 1/x).5 c+s

%51

1$.1$ RAIN AATER SPO TS. 1$.1$.1 Scope 1$.1$.$ #e0eral 12.12.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers A. C. cut stone and 7atla rain 4ater s9outs. 12.12.2.1 >or draining stor+ 4ater off t6e roofs@ o9enings are left in t6e 9ara9et 4alls@ at suita.le intervals and eit6er s9outs <9roCecting fro+ t6e 4all faces= or do4n ta*e 9i9es are 9rovided. T6e rain 4ater s9outs of A.C. .eing econo+ical are +ost co++on. Ot6er suita.le +aterials are cut stone@ *atla stone un9lastered and 9lastered. T6e iron s9outs are no +ore in use as t6e0 rust do4n earl0.

1$.1$.% 2aterials Si;e 12.12.-.1 A.C. .uilding 9i9es E-Confor+ing to 1.'. a03 Shape 1(2(15(/. 'uita.le siBes are ,/@5/ and 1//++. dia+eter. "engt6s 5/ or (/ c+s. as reDuired@ de9ending u9on 4all t6ic*ness@ 4ill .e o.tained .0 cutting 9i9es of suita.le lengt6s. T6e 9i9es s6all .e cut .0 a 4ood sa4. <not to .e I cut .0 a c6isel and 6a++er= T6e cut ends s6all .e sDuare to t6e axis and s6all .e s+oot6 and free fro+ an0 defects. 12.12.-.2 A.C. rain 4ater drain s9out E-A.C. &.?. drain s9out@ and accessor0 is a s9ecial 9lain .end 4it6 a long ar+ 4it6out an0 soc*et at its end. T6e .end is useful for turning t6e rain 4ater to fall verticall0 do4n-4ards. T6e siBes s6all .e sa+e as s9ecified for t6e A. C. .uilding 9i9es s9ecified in 12.12.-.1. 12.12.-.- Cut stone &.?. s9outs E- T6e cut stone for +a*ing s9outs s6all .e sa+e as s9ecified for As6lar %asonr0. T6e s6a9e s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e drg. .elo4 and t6e various di+ensions s6all .e as given in Ta.le. T6e lengt6 s6all .e 2/ or 5/ e+s. as reDuired.

%5$

Ta=le No+inal &. A. 'iBe ?I#T1 X #E3T1 1//x,/ 5/ -/ 125x1// (2.5 -).5 15/x1// )5 25 All di+ensions in +illi+etres. T1 T2 x#

-/ -/ 2/

-/ -/ 2/

1/x1/ 1/x1/ 1/x1/

12.12.-.2 7atla stone &.?. '9outs E- 7atlas are used for +a*ing t6e .otto+ and sides of s9outs instead of a single dressed stone 9iece as in 9ara 12.Z 2.-.-.

T6e s6a9e s6all .e as s6o4n t6e #rg. .elo4. T6e various di+ensions s6all .e as s6o4n in Ta.le .elo4. T6e lengt6 s6all .e 2/ or 5/ c+s. as reDuired.

No+inal A. . 'iBe 1//x,/ 1(/ ,/ 125x1// 1,5 1// 15/x1// 2-/ 1// All di+ensions in +illi+etres.

T1 -/ -/ 2/

&. 2/ 5/ 5/

T6e local 7atlas 46ose surfaces are not 9lain s6all .e 9lastered 4it6 ce+ent li+e 9laster of t6e +ix s9ecified and s9out finis6ed to t6e siBe given a.ove. ?6en naturall0 9lain surface are o.taina.le@ t6e un9lastered 7atla is 9rovided. T6e t6ic*ness .eing -/ ++. %5%

T6e front and t4o side edges of t6e .otto+ 7atla and .ot6 t6e to9 and a.utting edges of t6e sides 7atla s6all .e roug6 tooled. T6e ex9osed corner s6all .e rounded to t6e radius given in t6e ta.le a.ove. 1$.1$.' !ocatio0 a03 Spaci0g. 12.12.2.1 "ocation E ?6erever 9ossi.le rain 4ater s9outs s6ould not .e 9rovided in t6e front 3ortion of .uildings. In t6e side and .ac*s@ t6ese s6ould .e 9rovided over 9illars and s0++etricall0 on eit6er sides and .et4een t6e 4indo4s etc. T6e last s9out in an0 4all s6ould .e atleast 2/ c+. a4a0 fro+ t6e inner face of t6e adCacent 4all at rig6t angles. '9acing E- T6e r.4. s9outs s6all generall0 .e 9rovided at a.out +etres s9acings. A (/ c+. se+i-circular 9ortion of t6e roof finis6 around t6e s9out s6all .e given a stee9 slo9e of 1 in 1/ and t6e s9out s6all .e fixed 4it6 a +ini+u+ slo9e of 1 in ,. 1oles slig6tl0 .igger t6an t6e external di+ensions of s9outs s6all .e left 46ile constructing t6e 9ara9et 4alls@ at t6e 9oints s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. T6e s9outs s6all .e fixed @after t6e 76aranCa 4or* of roofing : .efore t6e roof finis6 is 9rovided. T6e final coat of 9lastering of 9ara9ets s6all .e done onl0 after t6e s9outs 6ave .een fixed. T6e invert level of t6e s9outs at t6e inner face of 4all s6all .e *e9t atleast 1/ ++ .elo4 t6e roof finis6 level. 7ee9ing t6is 9oint in +ind t6e invert levels of all t6e s9outs s6all .e +ar*ed on t6e 9ara9et 4alls and t6e .ed of t6e s9out s6all .e 9re9ared 4it6 t6e c6i9s of stone and li+e +ortar 1E- to reDuired slo9e. T6e s9out or t6e .ed stone of 7atla s9out s6all .e 9laced in 9osition to correct slo9e and at rig6t angles to t6e 4all. T6e s9ace .et4een t6e sides@ and 4all in case of cut stone s9outs and all round t6e s9out in case of A.C. s9outs s6all .e filled tig6tl0 %5'

12.12.2.2

1$.1$.( Slope

12.12.5.1

1$.1$.+ Fi7i0g

12.12.(.1

12.12.(.2

4it6 stone c6i9s and li+e +ortar 1E-. 12.12.(.In case of 7atla stone s9outs t6e side stone 9ieces s6all fixed 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E- and t6e s9ace .et4een t6e side stones and 4all filled as in case of cut stone rain 4ater s9outs. T6e 9laster at t6e Cunction of 9ara9et and roof finis6 46ic6 is rounded in a vertical 9lane s6all also .e rounded 6oriBontall0 on eit6e sides of s9outs to facilitate flo4 of 4ater. T6e s9outs s6all .e 4ater tig6t. All t6e s9outs in sa+e .uilding s6all 6ave eDual 9roCection@ siBe and slo9e. &ain 4ater s9outs s6all .e enu+erated@ t6e t09e and siBe .eing s9ecified.

12.12.(.2

12.12.(.5

1$.1$., 2o3e o4 2easure/e0ts.

12.12.).1

%5(

1$.1% C T STONE STAIRS 1$.1%.1 Scope 12.1-.1.1 T6e s9ecification covers +aterials@ dressing@ siBe@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of cut stone stairs. 'tone E-'tone for cut stone stairs s6all .e sand stone or li+e stone as availa.le in Aod69ur or fro+ an0 ot6er Duarr0@ dul0 a99roved .0 t6e Engineer inc6arge or s9ecified in sc6edule of rates. T6e stone s6all .e of unifor+ natural colour and texture free fro+ crac*s@ s9ots or ot6er fla4s and s6all confor+ to t6e relevant 9ortion of '9ecification No. 2.2. for .uilding stones. 'tone s6all .e fine or roug6 tooled <as 9er C6a9ter 5 GEx9lanator0 NotesG=on all ex9osed faces to t6e correct s6a9e and exact di+ensions as 9er dra4ings. Eac6 ste9 s6all .e for+ed out of a single 9iece of stone. T6e 9lane of risers s6all .e 9erfectall0 vertical and t6at for tread s6all 6ave a gradient of 1 in@ 1// out4ards. 1oles of fixing .alusters s6all .e +ade as 9er dra4ings .efore t6e ste9 is laid. T6e unex9osed 9ortion of eac6 ste9 s6all .e 6a++er dressed to o.tain an even surface. T6e siBes of treads and risers@ t6e 4idt6 of t6e ste9s and ot6er di+ensions s6all .e as 9er dra4ings. Eac6 ste9 s6all rest 2 c+s. over t6e ste9 lo4er to it. >or contilever ste9s t6e fixed end s6all .e e+.eded 4it6 ce+ent +ortar <1E(= and 9ac*ed 4it6 stone c6i99ings into t6e full t6ic*ness of 4all@ .ut in no case t6e lengt6 of t6e ste9 inside8 4alls s6all .e less t6an -/ c+s. Eac6 ste9 s6all .e cut and dressed fine tooled as 9er dra4ings at t6e .otto+ edge of t6e riser face to 6ouse t6e .ac*= edge of t6e tread of t6e 9receding ste9 and t6is 9ortion of t6e 9receding ste9 s6all .e fine tooled to o.tain a cIoser Coint.

1$.%.$

2aterials

12.1-.2.1

1$.1%.% "ressi0g

12.1-.-.1

1$.1%.' Si;es

12.1-.2.1

1$.1%.( Beari0gs

12.1-.5.1

12.1-.5.2

%5+

1$.1%.+ Doi0ts

12.1-.(.1

Aoints of t6e ste9s s6all not .e +ore t6an 1.5++ t6ic* and s6all .e +ade 4it6 ce+ent 'and +ortar <1E2= +ix. 'te9s s6all .e laid on an a99roved s0ste+ of 9ro9s 46ic6 s6all not .e re+oved 4it6out Engineer in-c6arge8s 9er+ission. T6e 4or* of stairs s6all .e co++enced and *e9t in 9ace 4it6 t6e +asonr0 4or* of t6e su99orting 4alls. In eas0 t6e stairs are of cantilever t09e centering dul0 a99roved .0 t6e Engineer s6all .e 9ut u9 to su99ort t6e ste9s. T6is s6all not .e re+oved till t6e +asonr0 4all 6as attained strengt6 and can 9rovide counter 4eig6t to su99ort t6e ste9s. Eac6 ste9 s6allZ .e 9laced at rig6t angles to t6e 9lane of t6e +asonr0 4all and s6all .e e+.eded into t6e 4all for t6e s9ecified .earing and dul0 9ac*ed 4it6 stone c6i9s in ce+ent sand +ortar <1E(= T6e ste9s s6all .e laid over its 9receding ste9 4it6 all 9ossi.le accurac0 and 9recautions ta*en to for+. a snug fit Coint@ of not +ore t6an 1.5 ++.8 t6ic*ness. T6e Coint s6all .e +ade 4it6 ce+ent sand +ortar 1E2 +ix T6e dressed stone4or* in ste9s s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres nearest to /.//1 cu.ic +etres. Onl0 t6e ex9osed 9ortion of ste9s s6all .e +easured. Extra la.our for dressing of nosing@ +a*ing 6oles for .alustrades and an0 ot6er arc6itectural 4or*. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

1$.1%., Ce0teri0g

12.1-.).1

1$.1%.- !a1i0g

12.1-.,.1

1$.1%.5 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

12.1-.5.1

12.1-.5.2

%5,

1$.1' AOO"EN STAIR CASES 1$.1'.1 Scope 12.12.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers@ t6e t09es of stair cases +aterials@ general di+ensions@ construction@ and +ode of +easure+ent of 4ooden stair cases. #ogleggedE-T6e flig6ts run in o99osite directions and in 9lan t6ere is no s9ace .et4een t6ese flig6ts. O9en 4ell or ne4el t09eE-T6ere is o9en s9ace 8.et4een t6e flig6ts and is called 4ell. In ever0 case ne4el 9osts fire@ 9rovided at ever0 c6ange of direction. $eo+etrical t09e E-$eo+etrical stairs 6ave no ne4al 9osts .ut t6e 6andrail continues 4it6out an0 interru9tion and 4it6out angular turns. Ti+.er E- T6e s9ecies of ti+.er s6all .e of class I confor+ing to I.'. -551552. T6is s6all .e treated in accordance 4it6 t6e relevant 9rovisions of I.'. ,,--155). ?ood 'cre4s E-'6all confor+ to I.'. 251. Nails E-'6all confor+ to I.'. )2-. 1ead roo+ E-%ini+u+ of 2.1 +etres as +easured verticall0 fro+ t6e ceiling@ soffit etc. to t6e 9itc6 line and also +ini+u+ clearance of 1.5 +etres .eing left as +easured at rig6t angles to 9itc6 line. 3itc6 E- T6e 9itc6 s6all not .e +ore t6an 25[ and not less t6an 25[ $oing and &ise E-$oing and rise 1/ an0one flig6t s6all re+ain sa+e for all ste9s. T6e going s6all not .e less t6an 2/ c+s. $oing and rise s6all follo4 8t6e follo4ing e+9irical rulesE <a= <.= 12.12.2.2 T6e value G2 x &ise R $oingG s6all .e .et4een 55 to (/ c+s. and T6e value G&ise x $oingG s6all .e .et4een 2// to 2-/ c+2. TreadE- Treads s6all not .e less t6an 22 c+s. in 4idt6. T6eir nosings s6all 9roCect .e0ond t6e face of risers 8not

1$.1'.$

T1pes o4 Stair Cases

12.12.2.1

12.12.2.2

12.12.2.-

1$.1'.%

2aterials

12.12.-.1

12.12.-.2 12.12.-.1$.1'.' #e0eral "i/e0sio0s 12.12.2.1

12.12.2.2 12.12.2.-

%5-

less t6an 15 ++ and not +ore t6an t6e t6ic*ness of tread and t6e 9rofile of t6e nosing s6all .e rounded fro+ t6e to9 surface 12.12.2.5 ?idt6 of 'tairs I- T6e clear 4idt6 of stairs as +easured fro+ inside of end stringsI s6all not .e less t6an /.)5 +etres. ?idt6 of "anding I- T6e 4idt6 of landing s6all not .e less t6an t6e 4idt6 of stairs. "engt6 of flig6tsE- T6e lengt6 of flig6ts s6all .e suc6 t6at t6ere are not +ore t6an 15 risers. ?indersI- ?6erever 9rovided t6ese s6all .e arranged suc6 t6at t6ree 4inders are reDuired to occu90 Duarter s9ace and six 4inder to occu90 6alf '9ace. 1eig6t of 1and &ail I- T6e vertical 6eig6t fro+ t6e 9itc6 line to t6e to9 of an0 slo9ing 6and rail s6all not .e less t6an /.)5 +etres and not +ore t6an /.,5 +etres. T6e Vertical 6eig6t fro+ t6e floor surface to t6e to9 of an0 6oriBontal 6and rail s6all not .e less t6an /.5 +etres. &isers@ Treads and strings s6all as far as 9ossi.le .e of one single 9iece in its 4idt6. In case@ +ore t6an one 9iece is e+9lo0ed@ t6e0 s6all .e Coined 4it6 G?6ite leadG. No single 9iece s6all .e less t6an , c+. 4ide@ and for t6e treads@ 46ose ends . are finis6ed in nosing t6is s6all not .e less t6an 5 c+. 4ide. T6e finis6ed t6ic*nesses of Treads@ &isers and 'trings <for stairs 4idt6 not +ore t6an 1.2 += s6all .e as follo4 Treads &isers <>or 'olid ++ <>or 3l04ood= and 'trings -2 ++ 'olid Ti+.er= 1( 5 ++ 2, ++

12.12.2.(

12.12.2.)

12.12.2.,

12.12.2.5

1$.1'.(

Co0structio0

12.12.5.1

&isers and Treads s6all .e 6oused in closed strings to a +ini+u+ de9t6 of 15 ++ into ta9ered 6ousing and securel0 4edged and glued. In case close string is not 9rovided t6ese s6all %55

.e scre4ed and glued at t6e to9 of t6e cut string. Treads and risers at t6e lo4er ste9s s6all .e curved as s6o4n in dra4ings and s6all .e .uilt fro+ solid .loc*s do4elled@ cross tongued and glued. &isers s6all .e of solid ti+.er@ tongued and grooved to or 6oused in full 4idt6 on t6e underside of t6e treads .0 ( ++. otto+ of t6e risers s6all .e scre4ed to t6e treads 4it6 No. 1/ guage 4ood scre4s at intervals not exceeding 25 c+. T6ese scre4s s6all .e of lengt6 at least eDual to t4ice t6e t6ic*ness of t6e tread and not less t6an -2 ++. Angle .loc*s , c+. long and 2 c+. 4ide s6all .e glued in 9osition to t6e Cunction of risers and treads. T6eir nu+.er s6all .e increased according to 1 t6e@ stair case 4idt6 as given .elo4 ; 'tair case 4idt6 u9to /.5 + 2 Nos. 'tair case 4idt6 u9to /.5 to 1./ + Nos. 'tair case 4idt6 u9to 1./ to 1.2 + 2 Nos. >or stair case 4idt6 +ore t6an 1.2 + carriage .earer s6all .e e+9lo0ed. 12.12.5.2 Carriage .earers E-Carriage .earers s6all .e su99orted .et4een Ti+.er Coists of designed section as 9er dra4ing and s6all .e 9laced at t6e .eginning and end of t6e flig6t. One carriage .earer centrall0 9laced s6all .e reDuired for staircase u9 to 2.2 +. 4ide and for stair cases +ore t6an 2.2 +. 4ide@ t4o carriage .earers s6all .e e+9lo0ed@ s9aced eDuall0 fro+ t6e ends. T6ese s6all .e of t6e designed sections as s6o4n in dra4ings. Treads and risers s6all .e fixed on to t6e carriage .earers and in no case t6e carriage .earer s6all .e cut to 6ouse t6e+. Ne4els E-T6ese s6all .e of solid ti+.er. of +ini+u+ crossection of (E= sD. c+. and s6all .e 9laced at ever0 angular c6ange of t6e direction of '66

12.12.5.-

6and rail. ?all ne4el if s9ecified@ s6all .e of crossectional area not less t6an 25 sD. c+. Treads@ risers@ 4inders and end ste9s s6all .e 6oused in ne4els to a +ini+u+ de9t6 of 15 ++. Ne4els s6all .e +ortised and .ored to receive strings and +ortised to receive t6e 6and rail. 12.12.5.2 1and &ails and alustrade E-1and rails s6all .e of at least 1/ c+. to9 4idt6 and of suc6 crossection as s6o4n in dra4ings. T6is s6all .e given 9ro9er 4reat6 and curve at t6e c6ange of direction of flig6t. T6e under side of t6e 6and rail s6all .e recessed suita.l0 to 6ouse t6e .alustrades. T6e .alustrades s6all .e of 6ollo4 or solid section of +ini+u+ ( sD. c+. and t6eir to9 end enoned into t6e 6and rail and t6e .otto+ 9inned to outer strings. In case of cut strings@ .alustrades s6all rest on t6e treads and s6all .e scre4ed .0 No.1/ guage scre4 -2 ++. long or of lengt6 eDual to t4ice t6e t6ic*ness of tread. 1and rail on t6e 4all side s6all .e rigidl0 fixed on to t6e 4all at t6e sa+e level as t6at of t6e 6and rail on t6e outer side. No .alustrade s6all .e fixed to it. All carving 4or* for decoration 9ur9ose s6all .e as 9er dra4ings. 12.12.5.5 "anding E-"anding s6all .e for+ed of ti+.er 9lan*s +ini+u+ 2 c+. t6ic* su99orted over a s0ste+ of ti+.er Coists. T6e construction of landing s6all confor+ to s9ecification for ti+.er flooring. If desired .0 t6e Engineer and co+9lete detail dra4ings are su.+itted at t6e ti+e of contract@ t6e co+9lete 4or* can .e +easured in sDuare +etres over t6e 9lan area@ ot6er4ise eac6 ite+ of 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as given .elo4E "andings s6all .e +easured net in sDuare +etres@ inclusive of all Coints and overla9s.

1$.1'.+.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

12.12.(.1

12.12.(.2

'61

12.12.(.-

Treads and risers s6all .e given in sDuare +etres@ +easured over t6e ex9osed area of@ tread and riser. ?inders s6all .e +easured in t6e si+ilar 4a0.Z T6is s6all include all Coiner0 4or*@ fra+ing and gluing@ 4edging and .loc*ing etc. Carriage .earers and Ti+.er Coists su99orting t6e landings s6all .e +easured in cu.ic +etres. &eturned ends to Treads 4it6 s6a9ed .rac*ets under and rounded@ Duadrant or curtail ends to Treads risers s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres se9aratel0. ?all and outer strings s6all .e given in running +etres inclusive of 9lugging to 4all <in case of 4all string onl0= 6ousing for treads and risers@ tenoning or notc6ing at ends to fit ne4el 9osts landings etc. $ut .strings s6all include its cutting along 9rofile of t6e stairs. &a+9ed@ circular and 4reat6ed 9ortions s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and descri.ed. 1and rails s6all .e +easured in running +etres +easured along to9 centre line stating t6e extre+e section of t6e straig6t 9ortions and 46et6er rounded or +oulded. Circular@ level@ ra+9ed and 4reat6ed 6and rails s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Huadrant@ s6ort ra+9s and 4reat6s and scroll ends s6all .e enu+erated. %itres@ 6ousing Coints and 6ands rails rails scre4s and do4els at Cunction of circular 9art 4it6 straig6t one s6all .e enu+erated. alusters s6all .e descri.ed and enu+erated stating t6e siBe and s6all include t6e fra+ing or 6ousing at ends Ne4els s6all .e descri.ed and given in running +etres stating t6e section and if turned@ t6e lengt6 of turning s6all .e stated.

12.12.(.2

12.12.(.5

12.12.(.(

12.12.(.)

12.12.(.,

12.12.(.5

12.12.(.1/ 'un* 9anels and +ouldings 9lanted on or 6oused in to ne4els s6all .e enu+erated. 12.12.(.11 Ne4el ca9s and 9endants s6all .e descri.ed and enu+erated.

'6$

1$.1( STONE P!AINT& ("ASA) COPIN#B CORNICESB STRIN# CO RSESB ETC. 1$.1(.1 Scope T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ siBe@ Cointing@ fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of stone 9lint6 <#asa= co9ing@ cornices@ string courses etc. 12.15.2.1 'tone E- As s9ecified in 9ara 12.1(.2 12.15.-.1 T6ic*ness E- s6all generall0 .e as given in t6e ta.le .elo4 E'.No. 3articulars T6ic*ness 1. 3lint6s ).5 c+ to 15 c+ 2. Co9ings 5./ c+ to 1/ c+ -. Cornices@ 'tring as s6o4n in t6e Courses dra4ings 12.15.-.2 ?idt6s E 12.15.-.2.1 3lint6s E- t6e ex9osed edge s6all 9roCect generall0 2.5 c+s. fro+ t6e finis6ed face of 9lint6 +asonr0 <9lastered or un9lastered as t6e case +a0 .e= excluding orna+ental nosings etc. unless ot6er4ise s6o4n on t6e dra4ings. ?6erever 9lint6 <#asa= is to .e 9rovided over t6e full t6ic*ness of 4all t6e inner edge s6all .e flus6 4it6 t6e inner face of su9erstructure +easonr0 <un9lastered= ot6er4ise c6ira #asa 4it6 a total 4idt6 eDual to 25 c+s. s6all .e 9rovided. T6e 4idt6 of #asa course s6all .e unifor+ in t6e entire lengt6. 12.15.-.2.2. Co9ings E T6e co9ings s6all 9roCect atleast 5 c+s. fro+ eit6er faces unless ot6er4ise s6o4n on t6e dra4ings or as desired .0 t6e Engineer. 12.15.-.2.- Cornices and string courses E- s6all 9roCect atleast 5./ c+s. fro+ t6e finis6ed face of t6e 4all@ unless ot6er4ise s6o4n on t6e dra4ings or as desired .0 t6e Engineer. 12.15.-."engt6s E- T6e stones used for #asa course s6all .e o.tained in +axi+u+ 9ossi.le lengt6 .ut in no case s6all t6ese .e less t6an 1+. In veranda6s single 9ieces of stone extending fro+ centre to centre of 9illars s6all not .e 9rovided for #asa course <t6at is .ot6 t6e ends .earing .elo4 t6e 9illars=. '+aller stones .elo4 t6e 9illars eDual to 4idt6 of 9illars@ and long stones eDual to t6e clear s9an s6all .e used@ 12.15.1.1

1$.1(.$

2aterials.

'6%

1$.1(.' "ressi0g.

12.15.2.1

unless s6o4n ot6er4ise on t6e dra4ings or desired .0 t6e Engineer. #asas E T6e to9 and .otto+ surface s6all .e even and level. T6e face edge s6all .e 9lain or orna+ental as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule or as s6o4n on dra4ings. T6e ot6er long edge s6all .e roug6 dressed for a de9t6 of atleast - c+s. in cases 46ere full 4idt6 dasa is@ 9rovided. If 9lain faces are not naturall0 o.taina.le it s6all .e dressed fine tooled or roug6 tooled as s9ecified on t6e ex9osed surfaces. On t6e unex9osed surface dressing of .eds of stones s6all .e si+ilar to t6e dressing of stone in t6e +asonr0 a.utting it.. <T6e 9lint6 +asonr0 .elo4 and su9erstructure +asonr0 a.ove= T6e@ Coints s6all .e at rig6t. angles to t6e face and .ed and s6all 6ave c6isel drafted +argin of 2.5 c+s. 4idt6. Co9ing E- T6e co9ing8s u99er surface8s s6all .e 9lain or +oulded as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings and s6all .e dressed roug6 tooled or fine tooled as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule. T6e to9 surface of 9lain variet0 s6all slo9e in4ards 4it6 a slo9e of atleast 1 in 5/. T6e Coints @faces s6all .e c6isel Gdressed@ for t6e full de9t6 and 4idt6.

12.15.2.2

12.15.2.-

'tring courses and cornices E-T6e string courses generall0 6ave orna+ental edges. T6e dressing s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. T6e Coint t6ic*ness s6all not .e +ore t6an - ++. and t6e stones s6all .rea* Coints 4it6 t6e +asonr0 .elo4. T6e fixing s6all .e done in ce+ent sand +ortar 1E2. If s9ecified co99er cla+9s s6all .e 9rovided for fixing stones 4it6 eac6 ot6er. All t6e Aoints s6ould .e 9ointed as 9er s9ecification for 9ointing 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E- unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. As s9ecified in 9ara 12.1(.). T6e cla+9s s6all 6o4ever .e +easured se9aratel0.

1$.1(.( Doi0ts

12.15.5.1

1$.1(.+ Fi7i0g

12.15.(.1

1$.1(., Poi0ti0g .

12.15.).1

1$.1(.- 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t

12.15.,.1

'6'

1$.1+ STONE SI!!SB S&E!EESB TAN"SB SRIEANSB !INTE!SB ETC. 1$.1+.1 Scope 12.1(.1.1 T6e s9ecification covers t6e siBe@ Dualit0 and ot6er reDuire+ents for t6e cut stone and ot6er stones used as 'ills@ '6elves@ Tands@ "intels. C6aCCas@ rac*ets etc. T6e stone s6all generall0 .e 'and or "i+e 'tone as availa.le in 7arauli@ 1indaun@ #6ol9ur@ 3a6er9ur@ %oda*@ #ul+era@ C6ittor@ Aod69ur@ Aaisal+er or fro+ an0 ot6er Duarries@ as s9ecified in t6e agree+ent or a99roved .0 t6e Engineer. It s6all .e natural unifor+ colour and texture fro+ crac*s@ s9ots or ot6er fla4s. T6ic*ness E- T6e t6ic*ness s6all not .e less t6an as given in t6e ta.le .elo4 E-

1$.1+.$ Sto0e

12.1(.2.1

1$.1+.% Si;e

12.1(.-.1

TAB!E S.No. <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <iv= <v= Particulars 'ills '6elves Tands 'rivans. 'rivans P"intels Spa0 Clear An0 lengt6 "ess t6an 1./ %etre. 1./ to 1.5 %etres "ess t6an 1.5 +etres 1.5 +. to -./ +. An0 lengt6. An0 lengt6 "ess t6an 5/ c+. 5/ c+. to 55 c+. 1./ + to 1.15 +. 1.2 +. to 1.55 +. 1.( +. to 1.,/ +. A.ove 1.,/ +. .elo4 1 +. ---Thic:0ess (//) 5/ -/ 5/ 5/ )5 )5 )5 )5 125 15/ 1)5 225 As 9er dra4ings 2/ As 9er designs.

<vi= <vii=

C6aCCas rac*ets

P"intels E- T6e t6ic*ness s9ecified is for nor+al trinagular loadings onl0. In case of a.nor+al loads or 46en eit6er t6e sla. or .ea+ rest directl0 a.ove it t6e t6ic*ness s6all .e as directed .0 Engineer. 12.1(.-.2 <i= T6e 4idt6 of t6e 4indo4s and doors@ sills@ s6all .e t6e total t6ic*ness of t6e 4all including 9laster on eit6er sides. '6(

<ii= <iii=

T6e 4idt6 of t6e lintel s6all .e eDual to t6e unflustered t6ic*ness of t6e 4all. >or s6elves in o9en al+ira6@ t6e 4idt6 s6all .e suc6 t6at t6e front edge is flus6 4it6 t6e 9laster face unless ot6e4ise s6o4n in dra4ing and t6e .ac* edge touc6ing 4it6 un9lastered .ric* or +asonr0 9ardi. <3artition 4all=. >or Tands and 'rivans@ t6e 4idt6 s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings. earings E

<iv= 12.1(.2

12.1(.2.1 T6e +ini+u+ .earings inside t6e +asonr0 at an0 9oint in t6e 4idt6 s6all .e as under E<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= 'ills '6elves Tands 'rivans "intels 5 c+s. ).5 c+s. 1/ c+s. 15 c+s. 15 c+s. 2/ c+s. <vi= C6aCCa 1/ c+s. 9er -/ c+s. of 9roCection 4it6 a +ini+u+ of 2/ c+s. >ull t6ic*ness of 4all or eDual to t6e 9roCection in case t6e 9roCection is less t6an t6e t6ic*ness of 4all. <2G= <-G= <2G= less t6an 2./ +. <(G= 2./ +. to -./ +. at t6e ends. <(G= for clear s9an u9to 1.55 +. <,G= for s9ans 1.( +. and a.ove .

<vii=

rac*ets >ull

12.1(.5 12.1(.5.1

#ressing for Cut 'tone ?or* E !nless s9ecified ot6er4ise all ex9osed faces s6all .e fine tooled. >or 'rivans a groove <roug6 tooled= of de9t6 eDual to t6e flange t6ic*ness and .readt6 eDual to flange 4idt6 9lus 1/++. s6all .e 9rovided to seat t6e 'rivan 9ro9erl0 on t6e Coist. >ixing T6e fixing s6all .e carried out in t6e

12.1(.( 12.1(.(.1

'6+

12.1(.) 12.1(.).1

sa+e +ortar in 46ic6 t6e +asonr0 is .eing carried out. All sills@ s6elves@ tands@ lintels etc. s6all .e fixed along 4it6 t6e 4or* of +asonr0 and s6all not .e left to .e fixed later on unless ot6er4ise a99roved .0 Engineer and t6e 4or* s6all .e *e9t suita.l0 9rotected fro+ an0 da+age t6at +a0 .e caused .0 ot6er o9erations 46ic6 are carried out in connection 4it6 construction or +aintenance 4or*. 'rivans s6all .e fixed in ce+ent sand +ortar 1E2. %ode of %easure+ent E T6e +ode of +easure+ent 4ould .e as under E'ills. '6elves Tands 'D. %etres 'rivans. C6aCCa "intels elo4 1.2 + s9an : a.ove Cu.ic %etre rac*ets Nos. In +easuring t6e entire area or t6e contents of t6e cut stone 4or* including t6e .earing s6all .e +easured. T6e dressing s6all .e extra and s6all .e +easured onl0 for t6e ex9osed 4or*@ as 9er clause 12.-.2. T6e 4or* s6all .e grou9ed according to t6e follo4ing siBes. Eac6 stone not exceeding 1 +etre in lengt6 or /( cu. +. in volu+e. Eac6 stone eit6er exceeding 1 +etre in lengt6 .ut not exceeding 2+. in lengt6 or exceeding /./( cu.+. in volu+e. Eac6 stone eit6er exceeding 2 +. .ut not exceeding 2 +. in lengt6 or exceeding /.1, cu.ic +etre .ut not exceeding /.-( cu. +. in volu+e. Eac6 stone exceeding 2 +. in lengt6 <stating t6e lengt6 and extre+e section in eac6 case=. or exceeding /.-( cu+. in volu+e.

<i= <ii=

<iii=

<iv=

'6,

1$.1, 1$.1,.1 Scope

TRE!!IS AOR9 T6is s9ecification covers t6e +aterials@ siBe and +ode of +easure+ent of t6e trellis 4or* of t6e follo4ing t09e. 1oo9 iron trellis 4or* <Aaffari= ?ooden trellis 4or*. Ti+.er E- T6e ti+.er s6all .e class I or class II s9ecies of grade as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities and s6all confor+ to s9ecification No. 2.5 1oo9 Iron E T6e 6oo9 iron s6all confor+ to I.'. 15)) Nails E '6all confor+ to I.'. )2'cre4s E '6all confor+ to I.'. 251 >ra+e 4or* E T6e finis6ed di+ensions of fra+e 4or* s6all .e ) x 2 c+s. s9aced at not +ore t6an 1.5 +etres 6oriBontall0 and verticall0. "at6 ETi+.er "at6 E- T6e ti+.er lat6 s6all .e 2 x 1.25 c+s. or -x1./ c+s. and of lengt6s a long as 9ossi.le. 1oo9 Iron "at6 E- It s6all .e 2.5x/.125 c+s. 4eig6ing a99roxi+atel0 /.22 7gN+etre@ and of lengt6s as long as 9ossi.le. T6e fra+e s6all .e ledged and .raced. T6e s9acing of ledges s6all .e as 9er dra4ings. All t6e reDuire+ents given under t6e 9ara construction and 4or*-+ans6i9 of s9ecification ).1 for ti+.er 4or* s6all .e follo4ed. T6e lat6s s6all .e fixed to t6e fra+e eit6er crossing diagonall0 in o99osite direction at 25o to t6e fra+e +e+.ers or at rig6t angles <as s6o4n in t6e dra4ing or as directed .0 t6e

12.1).1.1

<i= <ii= 1$.1,.$ 2aterials 12.1).2.1

12.1).2.2 12.1).2.12.1).2.2 1$.1,.% Si;e o4 Co/po0e0ts. 12.1).-.1

12.1).-.2 12.1).-.2.1

12.1).-.2.2

1$.1,.' Fra/e >or: 4or "oors a03 Ai03o>s . 1$.,.( Co0structio0 a03 Aor: 2a0ship.

12.1).2.1

12.1).5.1

'6-

Engineer= leaving clear o9enings of 5 c+. sDuares@ .0 +eans of cut lat6 nails of 2 ++ dia and 25 ++ lengt6. T6e lat6s s6all overla9 t6e surrounding fra+e 4or* to t6e full 4idt6 of t6e fra+e. T6e ti+.er lat6s crossing eac6 ot6er s6all also .e fixed 4it6 eac6 ot6er .0 +eans of lat6 nails of lengt6 2.5 c+. and 2++. dia. s9aced at not +ore t6an -/ c+s. a9art. T6e Iron lat6s crossing eac6 ot6er s6all also .e fixed 4it6 eac6 ot6er .0 +eans of rivets 2 ++. dia '9aced at not +ore t6an -/ c+s. a9art. T6e edges of lat6s over t6e surrounding fra+e s6all .e covered .0 4ooden .eading of siBe ) x 1 c+s. 4it6 No. , scre4s of lengt6 (5 ++. at ever0 Cunction of lat6s. T6e Trellis 4ill .e fixed 4it6 6oldfasts as 9er s9ecification No. 12.5 for 6oldfasts on eac6 side of t6e trellis one at t6e centre 9oint and ot6er t4o at -/ c+s. fro+ to9 and .otto+ of t6e trellis. 1$.1,.+ Fitti0gs 4or "oors a03 Ai03o>s etc. 1$.1,., 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t. 12.1).(.1 T6e fittings s6all .e as s9ecified for 8fitting8 under s9ecification No. ).1 <i= Trellis 4or* s6all .e +easured in sDuare +etres stating t6e +aterial and siBe of lat6s 46ic6 s6all also include fra+e 4or* and 4ooden .eading. #oors and 4indo4s for+ed in trellis 4or* s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in sDuare +etres.@ and s6all include fittings. T6e 6old fasts s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

12.1).).1

<ii=

<iii=

'65

1$.1- AA!! COEERIN#. 1$.1-.1 Scope 12.1,.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers +aterials@ fixing@ Cointing and +ode of +easure+ent of t6e follo4ing E $09su+ 4all .oards. >i.re .uilding .oards@ 3l04ood and .loc* .oards. C6i9 .oards and 4ood 4aste .oards. As.estos 4all .oards. Ot6er +iscellaneous t09es .f 4all .oards <including 9lastic .oards and reed@ .oards.= $09su+ 4all .oardsE- T6is s6all confor+ to I.'. '9ecification for $09su+ 4all .oards. >i.re .uilding .oards E-T6is s6all confor+ to 1.'. 1(5,-15(/. 3l04oodE- T6is s6all confor+ to 1.'. 1-2,-155,. loc* .oards E- T6is s6all confor+ to 1.'. 1(55-15(/. C6i9 .oards E- T6is sAI1all confor+ to 1.'. '9ecification for c6i9 .oards. As.estos 4all .oards E-Corrugated A. C. s6eet used as 4all covering s6all confor+ to 1.'. 255-1555. 3lain A.C. '6eet s6all confor+ to 1.,. 255-15(2. Nails E-Nails used as fixing accessories for 4all coverings s6all confor+ to 1.,. )2-. >ixingE- T6ese s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents reco++ended in t6e relevant I.'. Code of 9ractice for use of fixing devices in 4alls or ceilings.

<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v= <vi=

1$.1-.$ 2aterials

12.1,.2.1

12.1,.2.2 12.1,.2.12.1,.2.2 12.1,.2.5 12.1,.2.(

12.1,.2.)

12.1,.2.,

1$.1-.%

Storage a03 &a03li0g o4 Boar3s

12.1,.-.1

$09su+ .oards E-T6e .oards s6all .e *e9t dr0 in transit and stored flat in@ a clear dr0 9lace. >i.re .oards 9l04oods etc. E-T6e

12.1,.-.2

'16

.oards s6all .e stored and 6andled in accordance 4it6 t6e +anufacturers instructions. T6e0 s6all .e stored in t6e roo+ 46ere t6e0 are to .e used for a +ini+u+ 9eriod of 22 6ours .efore use. 1$.1-.' Supporti0g Aalls a03 Fra/e>or: 12.1,.2.1 T6e su99orting 4alls and fra+e 4or* for t6e coverings s6all .e co+9leted .efore t6e 4or* is started. Ti+.er or steel-stud-fra+ing for 9artitions or furrings attac6ed to a 4all s6all .e done in accordance 4it6 t6e detailed dra4ings and s6all confor+ to t6e s9ecifications for 4ood and steel 4or*. T6e asse+.led co+9onents suc6 as doors@ 4indo4s etc. s6all .e installed in 9osition .efore t6e 4all covering 4or* is co++enced. >ixing $09su+ 4all .oards E T6e detailed dra4ings for fixing s6all .e su99lied. It s6all .e ensured in t6e first instance t6at t6e +oisture content of t6e ti+.er .ac* ground is suc6 t6at di+ensional c6anges 4ill not .e serious to cause distortion or crac*ing in t6e covering fixed on it. T6e nails siBe t6eir s9acing are given in ta.le NO.1 T6e nailing s6all .e done starting fro+ t6e centre of t6e ro4 4or*ing out4ards. AointingI- T6e .oards s6all .e fixed 4it6 a Coint t6ic*ness of a.out ( ++. All Vertical Coints s6all .e staggered 9articularl0 46ere .ot6 sides of t6e 4all are covered. T6e Coints s6all .e filled 4it6 $09su+ 9laster. After filling t6e Coints a t6ic* s*in of t6e $09su+ s6all .e s9read a.out 5 c+. 4ide on eit6er side of t6e Coint and to it s6all .e tro4elled dr0 a reinforcing scri+ clot6 a.out 1/ c+. 4ide. ?6en +etal scri+ is used a stiffer 9laster 4ill .e used to ena.le t6e tro4elling of scri+ do4n to t6e .oard. T6e Coints +a0 .e left o9en also if desired. >ixing >i.re .uilding .oard I All fi.re .oards are su.Cect to slig6t +ove+ent due to +oisture and te+9erature c6anges and t6is s6all .e

1$.1-.( Fi7i0g Co8erage

12.1,.5.1 12.1,.5.1.1

12.1,.15.1.2

12.1,.5.2 12.1,.5.2.1.

'11

allo4ed for in fixing. 12.1,.5.2.2. >ra+e 4or* I- T6e fra+e 4or* s6all generall0 .e of 4ood@ 3laned .attens 2 c+.x2 c+. s6all .e used on solid 4alls. T6e .attens s6all .e 9lugged to t6e 4all at intervals of -/ c+. On uneven 4all face t6e .attens s6all .e 9lugged and fitted 4it6 9ac*ing 9ieces at t6e .ac* 46ere necessar0. If t6ere is an0 9ossi.ilit0 of da+9ness t6e .attens s6all .e treated 4it6 odeur less 9reservative. T6e siBe and s9acing of nails is given in ta.le 1. T6e nails s6all .e rustless 46ere nail 6eads are ex9osed. '9ecial nail reco++ended .0 t6e@ +anufacturers s6all generall0 .e used. T6e nails s6all .e driven s*e4 4ise at a.out (/[ inc1inatidn to t6e direction 9er9endicular to t6e .oard in alternate directions. Near t6e edges t6ere s6all .e a +ini+u+ clear s9ace of 12++. fro+ t6e nail to t6e edge of t6e .oard. Aoints I-T6e t09e of Coint s6all .e as 9er detailed dra4ings EAn o9en .utt Coint s6all 6ave atleast -++. clearance. Aoints s6all not 8nor+all0 .e fiI1ed 4it6 9laster .ut 46ere lo4 or +ediu+ densit0 fi.re .oard is to .e 9lastered t6e Coints s6all .e left 4it6 a ga9 of a.out ( ++. 46ic6 s6all .e covered 4it6 scri+ .edded in 9laster .efore t6e finis6ing coat of 9laster is a99lied. T6e uncovered Coints +a0 .e .evelled or 9arallel grooved@ using 9lane and c6isel .ut is Duic*er and .etter to use s9ecial fi.re .oard cutter. Edges s6all .e rounded 4it6 glass 9a9er or 4it6 a ras9. T6e edges if re.ated for fixing 9ur9ose s6all not .e nailed t6roug6 t6e re.ates. O9en Coints +a0 also .e covered 4it6 stri9s of various +aterials. T6e8 cover stri9s s6all .e nailed or scre4ed along t6e centre so t6at t6e fixing 9asses t6roug6 t6e o9en Coints. ?ood cover stri9s s6all .e 2.5 c+. x

12.1,.5.2.-

12.1,.5.2.2 <i= <ii=

<iii=

<iv=

<v=

<vi=

'1$

1.5 c+. ?ood +ouldings@ fi.re .oard or 6ard .oard can 8also .e used. 3lain stri9s cut fro+ standard s6eets can also .e used for t6e 9ur9ose. <vii= %etal cover stri9s +ade of alu+iniu+. c6ro+iu+ 9lated@ .rass +oulded@ 9lastic@ linen .ac*ed ad6esive 9a9er stri9 and ot6er t09es of +etal sections s9eciall0 s6a9ed for t6e 9ur9ose I +a0 also .e used as cover stri9s. "inen .ac*ed ad6esive .oard is fixed .0 4etting it and 9ressing it over t6e edges of t6e .oards. >ixing of 9l0 4ood .loc* .oards etc. E $eneraN.- T6e 9l045/d s6all .e used in t6e for+ of 9anels 4it6 or 4it6out stiffening. ?6en stiffened t6e sa+e s6all .e done 4it6 narro4 stri9s of class I tea* 4ood siBe as given in t6e detailed dra4ings or as directed .0 t6e Engineer inc6arge. 3rotection of edges and Treat+ent for da+9ness E- T6e edges of 9l04ood 9anels s6all .e 9rotected .efore fixing 4it6 a suita.le sealer@ 46ere t6ere is an0 9ossi.ilit0 of da+9ness. T6e .ac* of t6e 9l04ood and also t6e su99orting 4ood s6all eit6er .e treated 4in6 odourless 9reservative or .0 giving a 9ri+ing coat of 9aint follo4ed .0 a sealing coat. ot6 vertical as 4ell as 6oriBontal 9anelling is 9ossi.le 4it6 9l04ood and t6e one as given in t6e detailed dra4ings or as directed .0 t6e Engineer inc6arge s6all .e follo4ed. In 6oriBontal 9anelling 4it6 9l04ood in large roo+s@ t6e 4or* +a0 9refera.l0 .e done in .a0s not exceeding 2.) +etres@ in lengt6. In vertical 9anelling t6e 4idt6 of 9anels +a0 .e /.5 to 1.2 +. 12.1,.5.-.Aoints I- T6e vertical Coints s6all al4a0s .e staggered. T6e t09e of Coint for 9l04ood and .loc* .oard s6all .e as 9er detailed dra4ings. ?6ere it is desired to +a*e a .utt Coint in t6e .loc* .oard@ .ot6 t6e edges s6all .e

12.1,.5.12.1,.5.-.1

12.1,.5.-.2

'1%

grooved and a se9arate tongue glued. In long lengt6s t6is Coint s6all .e strengt6ened .0 do4els of siBe and s9acings as a99roved. 12.1,.5.2 >ixing c6i9 .oards and wood waste boards E-T6e fixing s6all .e done in t6e sa+e +anner as for t6e fi.re .oards descri.ed in 9ara 12.1,.5.2. and s9acing of su99orts s6all .e as descri.ed in ta.le 1. >ixing As.estos ce+ent 4all .oardsE >ra+e E- T6e fra+e s6all .e of 4ood. In fixing A.C. s6eets care s6ould .e ta*en to avoid rigid fixing as t6is +a0 cause crac*ing of s6eets if t6e su99orting structure ex9ands or s6rin*s. T6e 6oles for fixing s6all .e drilled not 9unc6ed and drilled slig6tl0 larger t6an t6e scre4. T6e siBe of t6e scre4s and s9acing s6all .e as given in ta.le 1. Corrugated s6eets s6all also .e fixed 4it6 t6e sa+e 9recautions as for flat s6eets .ut a la9 over t6e corrugation s6all .e given over t6e Coint. Aointing E-In case of 9lain s6eets t6e t6ic*ness of t6e Coints s6all .e a.out ( ++. T6e Coint +a0 .e covered 4it6 stri9s of various +aterials as descri.ed for fi.re .uilding .oards descri.ed in 9ara 12.1,.5.2. T6e one to .e used s6all .e as given in detailed dra4ings or as a99roved .0 t6e 8Engineer-inc6arge.8 >ixing a +ulti9le la0er of coverings E-?6en t6e nu+.er of coverings to .e fixed is +ore t6an one@ t6e first covering s6all .e nailed or ot6er 4ise fixed as descri.ed in 9ara 12.1,.5.1. to 12.1,.5.5. and furt6er coverings 4it6 suita.le ad6esive as s9ecified .0 t6e +anufacturer. In t6e case of so+e covering suc6 as fi.re .oards@ t6e second or t6e su.seDuent la0ers +a0 also .e nailed .ut t6e nails s6all .e longer t6an t6e one used for t6e lo4er covering .0 t6e t6ic*ness of t6e lo4er coverings. >or .etter sta.ilit0 and strengt6 t6e successive la0ers +a0 .e fixed in '1'

12.1,.5.5 12.1,.5.5.1 12.1,.5.5.2

12.1,.5.5.-

12.1,.5.(

9er9endicular directions. <t6at if one is 6oriBontal t6e ot6er i++ediatel0 a.ove or .elo4 it +a0 .e vertical=. T6e Coints of t6e 9receding la0er<t6at is t6e Coints s6all .e staggered=. ?6en .onding is done 4it6 ad6esive@ te+9orar0 su99orts s6all .e given to t6e succeeding la0er till t6e ad6esive 6as set. T6e te+9orar0 su99orts +a0 .e nail driven at a.out -/ c+. cantres .ot6 6oriBontall0 and verticall0 or 4ood fra+ing +a0 .e a99lied to t6e .oards. ?6en t6e ad6esive 6as set t6e te+9orar0 su99orting nails s6all .e counter sun* to a de9t6 eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e face la0er or 4all .oard or an0 4ood fra+ing used s6all .e re+oved. 1$.1-.+ 2o3e o4 2easure/e0ts. 12.1,.(.1 <ii= <iii= <iv= <i= T6e su99orting +e+.ers s6all .e +easured I se9aratel0. All 4or* unless ot6er4ise descri.ed s6all .e given in sDuare +etres. ?or*s for+ed to circular surfaces s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. No deduction s6all .e +ade for o9enings not exceeding /.2 'D. +etres. All straig6t and ra*ing cutting and 4aste s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+ concerned. Cover stri9s <cover fillets= over Coints s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in running +etres@ +aterials@ 4idt6 and t6ic*ness of stri9 or fillet .eing stated. Edges of rounded or c6a+fered s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. 'ealing Coints of $09su+ or fi.re .oards s6all .e +easured in running +etres giving t6e t09e of scri+ <clot6 or +etal=. C6a+fering or rounding edges of fi.re .oarding and cutting GVG groove in t6e sa+e s6all .e given in running +etres. Treating t6e fra+e4or* and s6eets for 9revention of da+9ness s6all .e +easured as s9ecified for 9ainting.

<v=

<vi=

<vii=

<viii=

<ix=

'1(

TAB!E - 1 SPACIN# FOR S PPORT AN" FI)IN# OF RI#I" AA!! COEERIN#S. Nail spaci0g cOc (c/) S.No. 1. T1pe Boar3 $09su+ oard Si;e (/) /.5 to 1.2. +x /.5 to 1.2 +. 1.2 + x 1.2 + to -.( + /.( + to 1.2 + x to 2.) + Thic:0ess (t) (//) 1/ 12 1( 1/@ 11 12 1, (@ )@ 5 1/ 12 1, : a.ove ( 1/ 12 Spaci0g o4 supports (c/s.) 2/ 5/ (/ 2/ 5/ (/ 2/ 25 5/ (/ 2/ 5/ 2 Nail si;e (//) Nail !e0gths (c/s.) 2 2 or 2t 2 5 As s9ecified .0 +anufacturer 2 at e3ges ).5 at other supports 1/ to 1 2i0i/u/ cleara0ce 4or 0ails 4ro/ e3ges (c/.) 1

2. -.

>i.re uilding .oards C6i9 .oards 9article .oards 3l04ood loc* .oard etc.

2 2

).5 15

15 to 2/ -/

1 1

2.

As.estos oard

1.2 + x 1.2 + to -.( +.

No. , 'cre4 -do-

15 15 15

15 to 2/

-.

'ocofix 12.15.2.2 12.15.2.2.1

'tanvac.

Cold

12.15.2.2.2

1$.15.%

Treat/e0t.

12.15.-.1 <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= <v=

1$.15.'

Preparatio0 o4 Roo4 Sur4aces

12.15.2.1

1$.15.(

Bitu/e0ous Pri/er.

12.15.5.1

1$.15.+

!a1i0g o4 Felt

12.15.(.1

%aterials for surface finis6 E $ravel E T6is s6all .e of round s6a9e 9assing t6roug6 I.'. 2.)5 ++. 'ieve and retained on I.'. 2.-( ++. 'ieve@ clean@ free fro+ all deleterious and extraneous +atter. $rit E-$rit s6all .e clean@ free fro+ all deleterious and extraneous +atter and s6all 9ass t6roug6. "'. )5 ++. sieve and retained on I.'. 2.-( ++. sieve. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e 4ater 9roofing treat+ent s6all .e carried out as .elo4 E3ri+er T /.25 7gNsD. +. +ini+u+. 1ot a99lied .itu+en T 1.2 7g 9er 'D. +. +ini+u+. 1ession .ase self finis6ed felt t09e $rade 1. 1ot a99lied .itu+en T 1.2 7g 9er 'D. +. +ini+u+ <eit6er straig6t run or lo4n t09e=. $ravel or grit T /.//( cu. +. 9er 'D. +. <or 2 cu. ft. 9er 1// 'ft=. All existing crac*s on t6e roof surface s6all .e cut to V -s6a9e@ cleaned and fi11ed 4it6 ce+ent sand slurr0 < 1E2 +ix= or .0 a suita.le grade of .itu+en of 9enetration not +ore t6an -/ or .ot6. T6e roof surface s6all t6an .e regraded 46ere necessar0 .0 screeding 4it6 t6e an0 of t6e +aterials given under +aterials or s9ecified in sc6edule of Duantities to ensure ever0 46ere a run off gradient of not less t6an 1 in 12/ and allo4ed to set and finall0 dr0. T6e surface of t6e roof and t6at 9art of t6e 9ara9et and gutters@ drain +/1At6s etc@ over 46ic6 t6e 4ater 9roofing treat+ent is to .e a99lied s6all .e cleaned of all foreign +atters viB. fungus@ +oss@ dust etc. .0 4ire .rus6es and dusters. After t6e roof surface 6as .een regraded@ t6e8 9ri+er as s9ecified under +aterials s6all .e a99lied at /.25 7gN 'D. +etres@ unifor+l0 all over t6e surface to .e treated. T6e felt s6all .e laid in lengt6s running at rig6t angles to t6e

'1-

1$.15.,

Flashi0gs (Re4. "rg. 1$.15.1)

12.15.).1

direction of run off gradient@ co++encing at t6e lo4est level and 4or*ing u9 to t6e crest so t6at t6e over la9s of t6e adCacent felt la0ers s6all offer +ini+u+ o.struction to t6e flo4 of 4ater. T6e felt s6all .e first cut to t6e reDuired lengt6s .rus6ed Clean of dusting +aterials@ and laid out flat on t6e roof. Eac6 lengt6 of t6e felt s6all .e laid in 9osition and rolled u9 for a distance of 6alf of its lengt6. T6e 6ot .inding +aterial 6eated to correct 4or*ing te+9erature as s9ecified .0 t6e +anufacturer s6all .e 9/ured on to t6e roof across t6e full 4idt6 of t6e felt as t6e latter is steadil0 un-rolled and 9ressed do4n. T6e excess of .inding +aterial 46ic6 sDueeBes out at t6e ends s6all .e re+oved as t6e la0ing 9roceeds. ?6en t6e first 6alf of t6e felt 6as .een .onded to t6e roof@ t6e ot6er 6air s6all .e rolled u9 and t6en unrolled over t6e 6ot .inding +aterial in t6e si+ilar 4a0. %ini+u+ overla9s at ends and sides s6all .e of 1/ c+s and ).5 c+s. res9ectivel0. All over la9s s6all .e .onded fir+l0 4it6 6ot .itu+en. 'econd and on4ard la0ers8 of felt stri9s if s9ecified s6all .e laid in t6e si+ilar +anner 4it6 .rea* of Coints 4it6 t6e la0ers .eneat6 it At t6e Cunction of t6e roof and t6e 9ara9et 4alls@ or an0 ot6er vertical structure@ felt s6all .e laid as flas6ing in 4idt6s 4it6 +ini+u+ overla9s of 1/ c+s. T6e lo4er edge of flas6ing s6all overla9 t6e felt laid on flat 9ortion of t6e roof and t6e u99er edge of t6e flas6ings s6all .e tuc*ed into t6e 6oriBontal groove@ ).5 c+ t6ic* and (.5 c+ dee9@ 9rovided at a +ini+u+ 6eig6t of 15 c+s. fro+ to9 of roof surface. No groove s6all .e 9rovided in case of 9ra9et 4alls of less t6an 25 c+. 6eig6t@ .ut t6e 4ater 9roofing treat+ent s6all .e carried rig6t over t6e to9 of t6e 9ara9et. At t6e Cunction .et4een t6e roof and t6e vertical face of t6e structure a concrete fillet s6all .e constructed. At

'15

t6e drain +out6s t6e fillet s6all .e suita.l0 cut .ac* and rounded off for eas0 a99lication of 4ater 9roofing treat+ent and eas0 flo4 of 4ater. T6e siBe of fillet s6all .e as s6o4n in t6e dra4ings or as given in t6e agree+ent. If t4o or +ore la0er of felts are s9ecified@ t6e Coints s6all .rea* 4it6 t6ose of t6e la0ers .elo4 it <&ef. #rg. 12.15.2= After all t6e la0ers s9ecified 6ave .een laid and t6e flas6ings 9ro9erl0 .onded@ t6e groove s6all filled u9 4it6 ce+ent +ortar <1E2= and cured at least for 2 da0s. 1$.15.Treat/e0t o4 "rai0 2outh. 12.15.,.1 T6e drain +out6s s6all not .e less t6an 1/ c+. in dia. and s6all .e suita.l0 9laced 4it6 res9ect to t6e roof gradient. %asonr0 drain +out6s s6all .e 4idened 2M ti+es t6e dia+eter of t6e drain and rounded 4it6 ce+ent +ortar <1 E 2=. ?ater 9roofing treat+ent of drain +out6s s6all .e a99lied and carried to t6e inside of t6e drain 9i9e in t6e si+ilar +anner as s9ecified for roof overla99ing at least .0 1/ c+. T6e +aterial for surface finis6 s6all .e s9read unifor+l0 at t6e rate of . //( cu N + NsD.+. over t6e to9 la0er of .inding +aterial and lig6tl0 9ressed. No surface finis6 s6all .e 9rovided over t6e flas6ings and drain out lets etc. T6ese s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 t4o coats of .itu+inous 9ri+ers. ?6en roof surfaces are su.Cect to foot traffic or are reDuired for te+9orar0 6a.itation a +ortar of ce+ent and sand or li+e sur*6i slurr0 s6all .e a99lied over t6e to9 +ost la0er of .lo4n t09e .itu+en and over t6is@ a la0er of 25 ++. t6ic* 60draulicall0 9ressed ce+ent or li+e concrete tiles s6all .e a99lied and ce+ent 9ointed. Alternativel0 a screening of ce+ent and sand 2.5 c+. t6ic* can @.e laid over t6e roofing treat+ent and +ar*ed off into sDuares (/ c+. 4ide 4it6 ex9ansion Coints 9rovided at intervals of - +etres.

1$.15.5

Sur4ace Fi0ishes.

12.15.5.1

'$6

1$.15.16. Treat/e0t o4 E7pa0sio0 Doi0ts . (Re4. "rg. 1$.15-1)

12.15.1/.1

1$.15.11

Pro@ecti0g Pipes (Re4. "rg. 1$.15-%)

12.15.11.1

1$.15.1$. 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t

12.15.12.1

12.15.12.2 12.15.12.12.15.12.2 12.15.12.5 12.15.12.( 12.15.12.) 12.15.12.,

12.15.12.5

A +ini+u+ of t4o la0ers of .itu+en felt t09e 2 grade 2 of fi.re case self finis6ed s6all .e laid over t6e ex9ansion Coints in various t09ical +anners <'*etc6es attac6ed=. T6e to9 of t6ese Coints s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 +aterials s9ecified for roofs not to .e used for 9artial 6a.itation or foot traffic. ?6en a 9i9e 9asses t6roug6 a roof on 46ic6 4ater 9roofing treat+ent is to .e laid a ce+ent concrete angle fillet s6all .e .uilt round it and t6e 4ater 9roofing treat+ent ta*en over t6e fillet in t6e +anner s6o4n in s*etc6es enclosed. T6e .itu+en used as grout s6all 6e .lo4n .itu+en grade s9ecified in 9ara 12.15.2.-.1. T6e 4ater 9roofing treat+ent s6all .e +easured net in sD. +etres 4it6out an0 allo4ance for overla9s@ t6e t09e and courses of treat+ent .eing s9ecified. T6e flas6ings or treat+ent over 9ara9ets s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in sD. +etres. T6e treat+ent to drain out-lets s6all .e +easured in nu+.ers. T6e 4idening for drain +out6s in case of old construction s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in Nu+.ers. Treat+ents of 9roCecting 9i9es s6all .e +easured in nu+.ers@ giving t6e external siBe of 9i9es. Treat+ents to ex9ansion Coints s6all .e +easured in running +etres@ t6e t09e of treat+ent .eing s9ecified. &egrading to surface s6all .e +easured as 89lastering8 in sD. +etres as 9er '9ecifications in c6a9ter 2. T6e surface finis6ing 4it6 ce+ent tiles or an0 ot6er t09e s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as s9ecified under floorings. Cutting grooves@ filling@ +a*ing fillets s6all eac6 .e +easured in running +etres se9aratel0.

'$1

'$$

'$%

C&APTER- 1%-SANITAR* APP!IANCES. 1%.1 IN"IAN T*PE AATER C!OSET 1-.1.1 2aterial . 1-.1.1.1 ?ater Closer 3anE- T6e ?ater Closet 3an s6all .e of G ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG or GVitreous C6inaG and s6all confor+ or I.'. ))1 G '9ecification for ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG or I.'. 255( -15(- G '9ecifications for 'anitar0 A99liances <Vitreous C6ina=G as t6e case +a0 .e. T6e closet s6all .e denoted .0 its leading di+ension. T6e flus6ing ri+ s6all .e integral 4it6 t6e 9an and s6all .e 'elf #raining t09e. Tra9 E- T6e closet s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a 'elf Cleansing tra9 of t6e sa+e +aterial as t6e 3an. T6e tra9 s6all 6ave eit6er a 838 or 8'8 outlet stated in t6e contract and 4it6 or 4it6out a vent 6orn. T6e effective de9t6 of t6e 4ater 'eal s6all not .e less t6an 5/ ++. 1-.1.1.-. if s9ecified t6e ?ater Colset s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a 9air of foot rests of t6e sa+e +aterial as t6e 9an. 1-.1.2 . Fi7i0g. 1-.1.2.1 T6e 9an s6all .e fixed in 9osition as s6o4n on t6e dra4ing. It s6all .e e+.eded on a suita.l0 9re9ared surface rendered s+oot6 4it6 neat Ce+ent or Ce+ent 9laster so t6at unifor+ su99ort is 9rovided to t6e 9an. T6e 9an s6all nor+all0 .e at t6e floor level unless ot6er4ise s9ecified 4it6 a floor slo9e of a.out --5 ++. to4ards t6e ?.C. 9an. T6e ?.C. 9an s6all .e fixed to t6e tra9 .0 +eans of a ce+ent +ortar Aoint as in t6e case of '.?. 3i9es and t6e entire Co. carried-out so t6at t6e effective 'eal is al4a0s *e9t +aintained@ t6e vent of t6e tra9 .eing connected to Anit-'i96on-age 9i9e. An0 +a*ing or .rea*ing of 4all carried out to fix t6e soil or vent 9i9es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. ?6ile la0ing flooring a section a.out I + x 1.5 + or less of t6e 9art of t6e floor 46ere ?.C. is to .e fixed s6all .e left out. T6is

1-.1.1.2

1-.1.2.2 .

1-.1.2..

1-.1.2.2 .

'$'

s6all .e finis6ed onl0 after t6e 9an 6as .een fixed and laid in 9osition@ t6is 4or* of flooring .eing +easured se9aratel0. T6e flooring s6all unless ot6er4ise s9ecified .e of terraBBo finis6. 1-.1.. 1-.1.2 . Protectio0 . T6e 9an s6all .e *e9t suita.l0 9rotected against all da+ages. 1-.1.2.1 . T6e ite+ for ?.C. 9an s6all .e enu+erated and s6all include .ot6 3an and tra9@ as 4ell as fixing. 3air of foot rest if desired to .e fixed s6all .e accounted for se9aratel0. T6e +a*ing and .rea*ing of 4all reDuired for fixing t6e ?.C. as 4ell as ite+ for la0ing of flooring around t6e ?.C. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

1-.1.2.2 .

'$(

1%.$ E ROPEAN T*PE AATER C!OSET 1-.2.1. 2aterial . 1-.2.1.1 ?ater Closet E- T6e ?ater closet 6all .e of one 9iece construction 4as6 do4n t09e 4it6 9edestal and s6all eit6er .e G ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG confor+ing to I.'. ))1 s9ecification for G?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG or of Vitreous C6ina confor+ing to I.'. 255(-15(- G '9ecifications for sanitar0 A99liance <Vitreous C6ina=G . T6e flus6ing ri+ s6all .e integral 4it6 t6e 9an. T6e 9edestal s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 not less t6an 2 6oles for fixing to floor. T6e ?ater Closet s6all 6ave an integral 'elf Cleaning Tra9 4it6@ 838 or 8'8 outlet as s9ecified 4it6 an effective seal not less t6an 5/ ++. If so reDuired t6e ?ater Closet s6all 6ave an antisi96onage vent 6orn@ on t6e outlet side of tra9. T6e closet s6all .e fixed to t6e floor@ at t6e 9osition as s6o4n on t6e dra4ing .0 +eans of suita.le .olts or scre4s and ru..er or fi.re 4as6ers so as not to allo4 an0 lateral dis9lace+ent. T6e outlet s6all .e fixed to t6e 'oil 9i9e .0 +eans of a ce+ent +ortar Coint as in t6e case of '.?. 9i9es. T6e ?ater Closet s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 seat and lid of eit6er 3olis6ed Tea* or %a6ogan0 4ood@ suita.l0 fixed to t6e closet .0 +eans of C.3. rass 6inges and 9rovided 4it6 solid ru..er .uffers. Alternativel0@ t6e seat and lid s6all .e of solid 9lastic of a99roved Dualit0 confor+ing to I.'. '9ecification. T6e Closet s6all .e *e9t suita.l0 9rotected against all da+ages till t6e 4or* is co+9leted. Euro9ean t09e 4ater closets s6all .e grou9ed on t6e t09es of tra9s used and include fixing etc. co+9lete. T6e seat and lid s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 and classified according to t6e +aterial used.

1-.2.1.2.

1-.2.2.

Fi7i0g .

1-.2.2.1.

1-.2.-.

Seat a03 !i3 .

1-.2.-.1.

1-.2.2.

Protectio0 .

1-.2.2.1.

1-.2.5.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

1-.2.5.1.

'$+

1-.-.1.

1-.-.2.

1-.-.-.

1-.-.2.

1-.-.5.

1-.-.(.

1-.-.).

1%.% F! S&IN# CISTERNS FOR AATER C!OSETS Scope . 1-.-.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e t09e@ +aterial@ +ode of fixing and +ode of +easure+ent of >lus6ing Cisterns and includes >lus6 and over flo4 9i9es@ toget6er 4it6 t6eir connections. Capacit1 . 1-.-.2.1. T6e cistern s6all .e denoted .0 its ca9acit0 and for 4ater closet t6e ca9acit0 s6all not .e less t6an 1-.(2 litres <gallons=. Flushi0g T6e flus6ing cisterns s6all .e of 1ig6 or Cister0 T1pes . "o4 level t09e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of ite+s@ and confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'.I. ))2 G '9ecifications for flus6ing cisterns for ?ater Closets and !rinals. T6e 6ig6 level cistern s6all .e of G Curved 'i96on T09e.G 2aterial . 1-.-.2.1. T6e .od0 of flus6ing cistern s6all .e of one of t6e follo4ing +aterials as s9ecified. 1-.-.2.1.1 Cast Iron E- T6e .od0 t6ic*ness of Cast . Iron s6all not .e less t6an 5 ++. 1-.-.2.1.2 Eart6en4are E- It s6all confor+ to t6e . reDuire+ents of I.'. ))1 G '9ecification for 46ite $laBed Eart6en4are 'anitar0 A99liances G. T6e .od0 t6ic*ness .eing not less t6an 1- ++. 1-.-.2.1.- Vitreous C6ina E- It s6all confor+ to I.'. . 255(- 15(- G '9ecification for 'anitar0 A99liance < Vitreous C6ina =G 1-.-.2.1.2 3ressed 'teel E- It s6all .e of 9orcelain . ena+elled 'teel of sea+less or 4eld construction@ t6e .od0 t6ic*ness .efore coating .eing not less t6an 1.(. ++. Co8er . 1-.-.5.1. T6e Cistern s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a detac6a.le cover 46ic6 s6all fit closel0 on t6e cistern and s6all .e secured against dis9lace+ent@ t6e 46ole of t6e cistern .eing +osDuito 9roof. Fi7i0g . 1-.-.(.1. T6e Cistern s6all .e su99orted on t4o cast iron or +ild steel .rac*ets 46ic6 s6all .e 4ell e+.eded in t6e 4all. T6e 6eig6t of t6e .otto+ of t6e cistern fro+ t6e to9 of t6e 9an s6all .e t4o +etres for 1ig6 level and -/ c+. for 8 "o4 level8 cistern. Flush Pipe a03 1-.-.).1. T6e ?.C. 9an s6all .e connected to t6e its Co00ectio0 . cistern .0 a Telesco9ic $alvanised flus6 9i9e 46ic6 s6all .e of -2 ++. <1LG= dia. for 6ig6 level cistern and 2/ ++. <1MG=

'$,

1-.-.,.

O8er Flo> Pipe .

1-.-.,.1.

1-.-.,.2.

1-.-.5.

Pull ? Chai0 .

1-.-.5.1.

1-.-.1/ .

Pai0ti0g . 1-.-.1/.1.

1-.-.11 .

2o3e o4 1-.-.11.1. 2easure/e0t .

dia. for a lo4 level cistern. T6e flus6 9i9e s6all .e connected to t6e outlet fitting of t6e cistern .0 +eans of a .rass 4aste cou9ling and c6ec*nut @ t6e Coints .eing co+9letel0 4ater tig6t. T6e flus6 9i9e s6all .e adeDuatel0 fixed to t6e 4all. T6e connection of flus6 9i9e to t6e 9an s6all .e of lead@ 9lastic or t6e0 +a0 .e scre4ed. t6e Coint .eing lea* 9roof. T6e cistern s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 an overflo4 9i9e 46ic6 s6all consist of a $.I. 9i9e 6aving a +ini+u+ internal dia. of 12 ++ or 2/ ++ < MG or -------G= 4it6 all s9ecials. T6e lengt6 of t6e overflo4 9i9e s6all .e ordinaril0 2 +etres for 6ig6 level cistern and it s6all disc6arge into a drain as directed .0 t6e Engineer. In case of lo4 level cistern a s6orter lengt6 s6all .e needed. 1ig6 level cistern s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a C6ain of $alvanised steel 4ire or interloc*ed non- ferrous sta+9ings and s6all ter+inate into a suita.le 6andle of 9ull of $alvanised Iron or non ferrous +etal. T6e finis6 of t6e 9ull s6all .e s+oot6 and free fro+ all .urrs etc. In case of lo4 level cistern a suita.le lever s6all .e incor9orated in t6e cistern. T6e inside of cast iron cistern and fitting s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 an a99roved .itu+astice 9aints and t6e out-side of cistern@ .rac*ets@ flus6 9i9e etc. s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 a 9ri+ing coat of red- oxide < or ot6er a99roved 9rotective 9aint= and finis6ed 4it6 t4o coats of Alu+iniu+ 9aints < exce9t for 9orcelain ena+eled or glaBed cisterns 46ic6 need no 9ainting =. Alternativel0@ it +a0 .e desired to .e finis6ed in Binc 9aint in t6e tint +atc6ing t6e surrounding 4alls. >lus6ing cistern s6all .e enu+eratedI classified into 6ig6 level and lo4 level and grou9ed according to siBe and t09e of +aterial used. It s6all include 9roviding and fixing 9ull : c6ain@ .rac*ets@ flus6 and over flo4 9i9es and t6eir connections as 4ell as 9ainting as descri.ed a.ove.

'$-

1-.2.1 .

ri0al Pa0 .

1-.2.2 .

Fi7i0g .

1-.2..

Aaste Pipe .

1-.2.2 .

Flushi0g .

1%.' !IPPE" RINA! 1-.2.1.1 T6e "i99ed !rinal s6all .e flat .ac* or corner t09e and of ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4are confor+ing to I.'. G '9ecification for ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4are 'anitar0 A99liances G or Vitreous C6ina confor+ing to I.'. G '9ecifications for sanitar0 A99liance G Vitreous C6inaG. t6e flus6ing ri+ s6all .e of self draining t09e and integral 4it6 t6e 9an. 1-.2.2.1 T6e urinal s6all .e fixed in 9osition .0 . +eans of 2 9lugs e+.eded in 4all and scre4s@ t6e to9 of urinal li9@ .eing (5 c+. fro+ t6e floor level. 1-.2.-.1 !rinal is a soil fit+ent and s6ould .e . connected to soil 9i9e. Eac6 urinal s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a -2 ++. <1LG= dia. 4aste 9i9e connected to t6e 9an .0 suita.le Coint and s6all disc6arge in to a drain connected to a soil 9i9e t6roug6 a tra9. Alternativel0 if so s9ecified t6e urinal s6all .e connected to t6e soil 9i9e t6roug6 a C.3. .rass tra9. T6e 4aste arrange+ent s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 . 1-.2.2.1 T6e flus6ing of urinal s6all .e eit6er .0 . <i= Auto+atic flus6ing cistern . or <ii= %anuall0 o9erated flus6ing cistern. or <iii= %anuall0 o9erated flus6ing valve. 1-.2.5.1 . >lus6ing cistern s6all .e in no+inal siBes of 5 : 1/ litres@ t6e siBe used .eing as 9er sc6edule of Duantities. T6e no+inal siBe for an0 urinal s0ste+ s6all .e .ased on a +ini+u+ ca9acit0 of 2.5 litres 9er urinal served i.e. for t4o urinals 5 litres and for 2 urinals 1/ litres ca9acit0 cisterns s6all .e used. T6e cistern s6all .e of Cast Iron@ ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4are@ Vitreous c6ina or 3ressed steel. T6e .od0 t6ic*ness s6all not .e less t6an 5 ++. and 1- ++. for cast iron and Eart6en4are res9ectivel0. T6e .od0 of 9ressed steel s6all .e scre4less or 4elded construction of t6ic*ness not less t6an 1.( ++. .efore coating and s6all .e 9orcelain ena+elled. 3ainting E- T6e inside cast iron cistern s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 an a99roved .itu+astic 9aint and t6e outside of t6e cistern 9ainted

1-.2.5 .

Flushi0g Cister0s .

1-.2.5.2 .

1-.2.5..

'$5

1-.2.5.2 .

1-.2.( .

Flushi0g 8al8e . 1-.2.(.1 .

1-.2.) .

Flush Pipe .

1-.2.).1 .

1-.2.).2 .

1-.2., .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1-.2.,.1 .

1-.2.,.2 .

1-.2.,.. 1-.2.,.2 .

4it6 a 9ri+ing coat of red oxide and finis6ed 4it6 t4o coats of a99roved 9aint in a99roved tint.< exce9t in case of ena+elled or glaBed cisterns 46ic6 need no 9ainting=. Over flo4 9i9e E- T6e cisterns s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 an overflo4 9i9e 46ic6 s6all consist of a $.I. 9i9e 6aving a +ini+u+ internal dia. of 1- ++. <MG= 4it6 all s9ecials. T6e lengt6 of overflo4 9i9e s6all ordinaril0 .e 2 +. and it s6all disc6arge into a drain as directed. If s9ecified@ t6e flus6ing of t6e urinal s6all .e done .0 +eans of a +anuall0 o9erated C.3. .rass sto9 valve@ one valve .eing fixed on eac6 urinal. T6is s6all not .e used in 9laces of asse+.l0. $.I. flus6 9i9e to serve a range of urinal dro9s fro+ t6e cistern to a 9oint a.ove t6e range 46ere it is teed to run 6oriBontall0 and serve eac6 urinal. #istri.ution 9i9es to t6e urinals +ust .e at least of 1- ++. <MG= dia. t6e +ain 9i9e .eing 2/ ++ <KG= for a range of t4o urinals and 25 ++ <1G= for a range of - or 2 urinals. T6e flus6 9i9e s6all .e connected to t6e cistern .0 +eans of a C.3. .rass cou9ling and c6ec* nut@ t6e Coint .eing entirel0 lea* 9roof. T6e fixing of flus6 9i9e s6all .e as for $.I. 9i9es and s6all include for all s9ecials. It s6all .e suita.l0 connected to urinal so as to 6ave an effective flus6ing. "i99ed t09e of urinal s6all .e grou9ed in nu+.ers and s6all include co+9lete fixing 4it6 a 4aste cou9ling. T6e arrange+ent for dis9osal suc6 as 4aste 9i9e or C.3. .rass tra9 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e flus6ing cistern s6all .e denoted .0 t6e ca9acit0 of t6e cistern@ t6e ite+s .eing +easured se9aratel0. It s6all include t6e 9ainting of urinal cistern. In case sto9 coc* is used for flus6ing t6e ite+ of flus6 9i9e s6all .e +easured as for $.I. 9i9e fittings. T6e flus6 9i9e s6all .e +easured as for $.I. 9i9es.

'%6

1-.5.1.

1-.5.2.

1-.5.-.

1-.5.2.

1-.5.5.

1%.( AAS& BASIN 2aterial . 1-.5.1.1 T6e ?as6 asin s6all .e +ade of G ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG@ G Vitreous C6inaG or G 3orcelain ena+elled 9ressed 'teelG as s9ecified and s6all confor+ to relevant Indian 'tandard '9ecifications. T6e .asin s6all .e of one 9iece construction and include a co+.ined overflo4. It s6all .e designed to facilitate cleaning. T6e .asin s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 single or dou.le ta9 6oles as desired. T6e 4as6 .asin s6all 6ave an integral soa9 6older recess or recesses 46ic6 s6all drain into t6e .o4l. If so s9ecified t6e ?as6 asin s6all .e of ce+ent concrete 4it6 terraBBo finis6. Si;e . 1-.5.2.1. T6e siBe of t6e .asin s6all .e as s9ecified t6e nor+al siBes .eing 25/ ++ x 2,/ ++ < 1,G x 11G=@ 5// ++ x 2// ++ < 2/G x 1(G=@ 55/ ++ x 2// ++ <22G x 1(G= or -(/ ++ x 25/ ++ <25G x 1,G= Pe3estals . 1-.5.-.1. T6e 9edestals if s9ecified s6all .e of t6e sa+e +aterial as t6e .asing and s6all .e so designed as to +a*e t6e 6eig6t fro+ t6e floor to t6e to9 of t6e ri+ of .asin ,/ c+. T6e0 s6all .e recessed at t6e .ac* for t6e rece9tion of t6e su99l0 and 4aste 9i9es and fittings. Fitti0gs . 1-.5.2.1. Eac6 ?as6 asin s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 F <i= -2 ++ <1LG= dia. C.3. rass 4aste fitting 4it6 C.3. rass C6ain and -2 ++ dia. 9lug. <ii= -2 ++ <1L8= dia. $alvanised ?aste 9i9e disc6arging in to an o9en drain suita.l0 connected to ?aste fitting .0 +eans of rass C6ec* nuts. Alternativel0 if so s9ecified t6e .asin +a0 .e connected directl0 to t6e ?aste 9i9e stac* in 46ic6 t6e ?aste fitting s6all .e connected to C.3. .rass tra9 of a99roved design. T6e tra9 s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. <iii= 1- ++ <MG= dia. C.3. rass 3illar Ta9s of su9erior Dualit0. T6ese s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. Fi7i0g o4 Aash 1-.5.5.1. T6e .asin s6all .e su99orted on a 9air of Basi0 . %.'. or C.I. .rac*ets e+.eded in 4all or fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of 4ooden cleats and scre4s. If so s9ecified s9ecial .rac*ets to fix certain t09es of .asin s6all .e used. T6e %.'. or $.I. .rac*ets@ if '%1

1-.5.(.

Aaste Co00ectio0 .

1-.5.(.1.

1-.5.). 1-.5.,.

O8er4lo> . Taps .

1-.5.).1. 1-.5.,.1.

1-.5.5.

Suppl1 .

1-.5.5.1.

1-.5.1/ .

Aash Basi0s i0 1-.5.1/.1 Ra0ge . .

1-.5.11 .

2o3e o4 1-.5.11.1 2easure/e0t . .

1-.5.11.2 .

fixed s6all .e 9rotected 4it6 red 9ri+er and finis6ed to t6e desired colour. T6e 4all 9laster on t6e rear s6all .e cut to over 6ang t6e to9 edge of t6e .asin. T6e to9 of t6e ri+ of .asin s6all nor+all0 .e /.)/ + to /.)5 +. a.ove t6e floor level. T6e .asin s6all .e connected to t6e 9i9e disc6arging into an o9en drain@ .0 +eans of t6e ?aste fitting and c6ec* nut@ t6e Coint .eing co+9letel0 lea* 9roof. If so s9ecified a C.3. rass tra9@ of a99roved design +a0 .e 9rovided on t6e 4aste 9i9e. T6e overflo4 s6all .e of o9en 4eir t09e eit6 re+ova.le grating or of slit t09e. 1oles in t6e .asin for ta9s s6all .e sDuare to suit 9illar ta9s@ t6e ta9s s6all .e so dituated as to allo4 su99l0 9i9es to clear 4aste and vent 9i9es. T6e ta9s s6all .e connected to t6e 4ater su99l0 s0ste+ .0 +eans of a lead connection 46ic6 s6all .e +easured extra. Alternativel0 if t6e situation 9er+its@ it +a0 .e connected directl0 .0 $.I. 9i9e fitting. A sto9 coc* is generall0 9rovided to regulate su99l0 to t6e 4as6 .asin. In case t6e ?as6 .asins are to .e fixed in a range@ t6ere s6all .e a s9ace of at least 1/c+. .et4een t6e .asins and t6e .asins s6all .e )/ ++. centre to centre to ensure co+fort to t6e user. T6e centre line of t6e last .asin s6all .e *e9t at least 2/ c+. a4a0 fro+ adCacent 4all. ?as6 asins s6all .e grou9ed toget6er according to siBe and t09e@ and s6all include@ fixing co+9lete 4it6 t6e .rac*ets@ 4aste fitting and ?aste 9i9e fittings. C.3. Ta9s@ 'to9 coc*s and lead connection as 9rovided s6all .e +easured extra. C.3. rass tra9 9rovided in t6e 4aste 9i9e s6all .e treated as extra.

'%$

1%.+. SIN9S 1-.(.1 . 2aterials . 1-.(.1.1 . 7itc6en 'in*s E- T6e sin*s s6all .e of one 9iece construction including a co+.ined overflo4 and s6all .e +ade of G ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG@ G Vitreous c6inaG or G 3orcelain ena+elled 9ressed steelG as s9ecified and s6all confor+ to relevant Indian 'tandard '9ecifications. "a.orator0 'in* E- T6e "a.orator0 sin* s6all .e of one 9iece construction 4it6 or 4it6out a co+.ined overflo4 arrange+ent and s6all .e +ade of G ?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areG or G Vitreous C6inaG confor+ing to relevant Indian 'tandard '9ecifications . Alternativel0 if so s9ecified t6e 7itc6en sin* s6all .e of ce+ent concrete 4it6 +in. or ( ++ <LG= t6ic* terraBBo finis6. 7itc6en 'in* E- T6e siBe of t6e sin* s6all .e as s9ecified t6e nor+al siBes .eing E <i= (// x 25/ x 15/ ++. <ii= (// x 25/ x 25/ ++. <iii= )5/ x 25/ x 25/ ++ 1-.(.2.2 . "a.orator0 'in* E- T6e siBe of t6e sin* s6all .e as s9ecified@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing E <i= 2// x 2,/ x 15/ ++. <ii= 25/ x --/ x 15/ ++. <iii= 5// x -// x 15/ ++. <iv= (// x )5/ x 2// ++. 1-.(.. Fitti0gs . 1-.(.-.1 . Eac6 sin* s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 F <i= 5/ ++ <2G= dia. C.3. rass 4aste fittings 4it6 C.3. .rass c6ain and 5/ ++ dia. 9lug <ii= 5/ ++ dia. $alvanised 4aste 9i9e disc6arging into drain 46ic6 s6all .e connected to 4aste fitting .0 c6ec* nut. Alternativel0 if so s9ecified t6e sin* +a0 .e connected directl0 to t6e 4aste 9i9e stac* in 46ic6 case t6e 4aste fitting s6all .e connected to C.3. .rass tra9 of a99roved design. T6e tra9 s6all .e +easured

1-.(.1.2 .

1-.(.1.. 1-.(.2 . Si;e . 1-.(.2.1 .

'%%

se9aratel0. 1-.(.2 . Fi7i0g o4 Si0: . 1-.(.2.1 . T6e sin* s6all .e su99orted on a 9air of %.'. or C.I. .rac*ets e+.eded in 4all. T6e .rac*et s6all .e suita.l0 9rotected .0 red 9ri+er and finis6ed 4it6 9aint of a99roved colour. T6e 4all 9laster on t6e rear s6all .e cut to over6ang at t6e to9 edge of t6e .asin. T6e to9 of t6e ri+ s6all nor+all0 .e /.,/ to 1./ +etre a.ove t6e floor level. T6e sin* s6all .e connected to t6e 4aste 9i9e disc6arging into an o9en drain@ .0 +eans of a 4aste fitting and c6ec* nut@ t6e Coint .eing co+9letel0 lea* 9roof. If so s9ecified C.3. .rass tra9 of a99roved design +a0 .e 9rovided on t6e 4aste 9i9e. T6e ta9s s6all .e +ounted on t6e 4all a.ove t6e sin* and +easured se9aratel0. 'in*s of eac6 +aterial s6all .e grou9ed according to siBe and s6all include .rac*ets@ 4aste fitting 4it6 c6ain and 9lug and t6e 4aste 9i9e fitting.

1-.(.5 .

Aaste Co00ectio0 .

1-.(.5.1 .

1-.(.( . 1-.(.) .

Taps . 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

1-.(.(.1 . 1-.(.).1 .

'%'

1%., "RAININ# BOAR"S 1-.).1 . "rai0i0g Boar3s . 1-.).1.1 T6e draining .oards s6all .e of 4ell seasoned tea* 4ood or of +osaic@ stainless steel or ena+elled 9ressed steel as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. Its surface s6all .e fluted or +ade 9lane as s9ecified. T6e .ac* and side s*irting and front .eading s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 .ee8s 4ax. T6e siBe of t6e draining .oard s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing as given .elo4 EF )5/ x 25/ ++ < -/G x 1,G = or (// x 25/ ++ < 22G x 1,G= T6e s*irtings s6all .e ).5 to 1/ c+. < -G to 2G= 6ig6 4it6 edges rounded off. 1-.).2 . Fi7i0g . 1-.).2.1 . One end of t6e .oard s6all rest on sin* and t6e ot6er end s6all .e su99orted on C.I. or &.'. .rac*ets as s9ecified@ e+.eded@ or fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of 4ooden 9lugs and scre4s. T6e .rac*ets s6all .e 9ainted to t6e reDuired s6ade as s9ecified under flus6ing cistern. T6e drain .oards s6all .e grou9ed according to t6eir siBe and enu+erated.

1-.)..

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t.

1-.).-.1 .

'%(

1-.,.1 .

2aterial .

1-.,.2 .

Fitti0gs .

1-.,..

Aaste Co00ectio0.

1-.,.2 .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

1%.- BAT& T BS 1-.,.1.1 T6e .at6 tu.s s6all .e cast iron@ 9ressed steel@ c6ina cla0 or terraBBo concrete. Cast iron and 9ressed steel tu.s s6all .e 9orcelain inside@ t6e outside .eing eit6er 9orcelain ena+elled or 9ainted 4it6 ena+el 9aint as 9er sa+9le a99roved. C6ina cla0 and terraBBo tu.s s6all .e glaBed and 9olis6ed inside. T6e siBe of t6e tu. s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing E 1)// ++ x )// ++ x (// ++. <58-(G x 282G x 18-11G= and 1,// ++ x )// ++ x (// ++. < (8-,G x 28-2G x 18-11G= 1-.,.1.2 T6e tu. s6all .e rectangular 4it6 no s6ar9 . angles or recesses in 46ic6 dirt +a0 collect. 1-.,.1.- T6e inside slo9e of t6e .at6 s6all .e . 9rovided at t6e rate of 1 in -/ to4ards t6e outlet. 1-.,.2.1 Eac6 .at6 tu. s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 F . <1= A 3air of 2/ ++ <KG= C.3. .rass 9illar ta9s <2= 2/ ++ <1MG= C.3. .rass 4aste fitting 4it6 C.3. .rass c6ain 4it6 2/ ++ ru..er 9lug. <-= -2 ++ <1LG= overflo4 or slit overflo4 46en so s9ecified 2/ ++ <1MG= dia. C.3. .rass tra9 4it6 unions s6all .e 9rovided. 1-.,.2.2 T6e fittings s6all .e of su9erior +a*e of . a99roved Dualit0. 1-.,.-.1 T6e 4aste outlet s6all .e .evelled or re.ated . to receive a 4aste fitting of C.3. .rass@ 2/ ++ dia@ confor+ing to t6e eart6en4are sanitar0 a99liances. 1-.,.-.2 T6e .at6 tu. s6all .e 9ro9erl0 connected to . a 4aste 9i9e stac* and anti-si96on 9i9e unless it disc6arges 4it6 o9en end into a floor tra9 or in a c6annel. 1-.,.2.1 at6 tu. s6all .e grou9ed according to t6e . siBe and +aterial used and s6all include t6e 4aste fitting c6ain and 9lug as 4ell as 9air of C.3. .rass 9illar ta9. T6e $.I. 9i9ing for su99l0 as 4ell as lead connection s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

'%+

1%.5. S&OAERS 1-.5.1 . Sho>er &ea3 . 1-.5.1.1 T6e s6o4er 6ead s6all .e +ade of c6ro+iu+ 9lated .rass or co99er as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e siBe of t6e s6o4er 6ead s6all .e as s9ecified@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing 1// ++. dia@ and 15/ ++. dia. T6e '6o4er 6ead s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 9erforation to .rea* u9 t6e 4ater into a fine s9ra0. T6e nu+.er of 6oles s6all .e a.out one 6ole of one +illi+etre dia+eter eac6@ in one sD. c+. area of t6e s6o4er 6ead. t6us@ >or a s6o4er of 1// ++. dia. a.out )/ 6oles of one ++. dia. eac6.

1-.5.1.2 .

<a=

<.=

>or a s6o4er of 15/ ++. dia. a.out 15/ 6oles of one ++. dia. eac6.

1-.5.1.- Intet connection of eac6 s6o4er s6all .e . scre4ed fe+ale in t6e case of +etallic s6o4ers@ and s6all .e of .rass. T6e siBe of intet s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 EF <a= <.= 1-.5.2 . 1-.5.. Pipe Fiiti0gs a03 Specials . Co0trol o4 Aater Suppl1 . >or a 1// ++@ dia. s6o4er face 12 ++. <KG= dia. inlet. >or a 15/ ++. dia. '6o4er face 2/ ++. <KG= dia. inlet.

1-.5.2.1 All 9i9e 4or* including s9ecials s6all .e of . $.I. 9i9e 12 ++ <MG= dia. and s6all .e as 9er s9ecification of $.I. 9i9e 4or*. ?6en a s6o4er is arranged for 4ater su99l0 onl0 eac6 '6o4er s6all .e controlled .0 12 ++ <MG= scre4 do4n sto9 valveconfor+ing to I.'. ),1 G 'and cast .rass scre4 do4n .i. ta9s and sto9 ta9s for 4ater 'ervices G. T6is valve s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. 1-.5.-.- T6e '6o4er s6all .e arranged for 6ot and . cold 4ater su99lies .lended +anuall0 .0 +eans of a +ixing valve confor+ing to I.'. E 1)/1\ G '9ecification for +ixing valves for A.lutionar0 and do+estic 9ur9oses G. T6is valve s6all .e +easured

'%,

se9aratel0. 1-.5.2 . Fi7i0g . 1-.5.2.1 !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified of s6o4n in . dra4ings t6e 6eig6t of t6e s6o4er face s6all .e 2 to 2.2/ +etres fro+ t6e floor level. 1-.5.2.2 T6e distance of inner face of t6e '6o4er . fro+ t6e 4all .e at least 25 c+s. <18-(G= unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. 1-.5.2.- T6e '6o4er ar+ s6all .e fixed truel0 at . rig6t angles to t6e 4all face unless ot6er4ise s9ecified. 1-.5.5 . 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t . 1-.5.5.1 '6o4ers s6all .e classified on t6e .asis of . +aterials used and grou9ed according to siBe.

'%-

1%.16 2IRROR FOR AAS& BASINS 1-.1/.1 . 2irror . 1-.1/.1.1 %irror s6all .e 9erfectl0 9lane 4it6 .evelled edges and s6all 9roduce a 4ell defined@ undistorted and clear i+age. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e glass N 9late s6all not .e less t6an ( ++. T6e coating of %ercur0 oxide on t6e .ac* of t6e +irror s6all .e Duite unifor+ 4it6out an0 scratc6 or flo4. T6e siBe of t6e +irror s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing F 25/ ++ x -5/ ++ <1,G x 12G= (// ++ x 25/ ++ < 22G x 1,G= ,25 ++ x (// ++ <--G x 22G= ,25 ++ x )5/ ++ < --G x -/G= 1-.1/.2 . Fi7i0g . 1-.1/.2.1 . T6e +irror s6all .e +ounted on as.estos s6eet or 9l04ood s6eet and s6all .e fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of 2 C.3. .rass 'cre4s and 4as6ers over ru..er 4as6ers and 4ooden 9lugs fir+l0 e+.eded in t6e 4all. T6e 6eig6t of t6e .otto+ edge of t6e +irror s6all generall0 .e 12/ c+s. a.ove t6e floor level@ unless ot6er4ise s9ecified or s6o4n in dra4ings. T6e +irrors for 4as6 .asins s6all .e grou9ed according to siBe and enu+erated.

1-.1/.2.2 .

1-.1/..

2o3e o4 1-.1/.-.1 2easure/e0t . .

'%5

1%.11 TOAE! RAI! 1-.11.1 . Rail . 1-.11.1.1 To4el rail s6all .e of c6ro+iu+ 9lated .rass@ or of glass@ 4it6 t4o nic*el or c6ro+iu+ 9lated .rass .rac*ets@ as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e siBe of t6e rail s6all .e as s9ecified@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing EF )5/ ++ x 2/ ++ <-/G x KG= (// ++ x 2/ ++ <22G x KG= 1-.11.2 . Fi7i0g . 1-.11.2.1 . 1-.11.2.2 . 1-.11.. 2o3e o4 1-.11.-.1 2easure/e0t . . T6e .rac*ets s6all .e fixed .0 +eans of C.3. rass scre4s to 4ooden cleats fir+l0 e+.eded in t6e 4all. T6e 6eig6t of t6e to4el rail a.ove t6e floor level s6all .e )5 c+s. unless ot6er4ise s9ecified or s6o4n in dra4ings. T6e to4el rails s6all .e classified on t6e .asis of +aterials and grou9ed in siBes.

''6

1%.1$. #!ASS S&E!F FOR AAS& BASIN 1-.12.1 . #lass Shel4 . 1-.12.1.1 T6e s6elf s6all .e +ade of glass 9late 1/ ++ <-N,G= t6ic* 4it6 edges rounded off. T6e siBe of t6e s6elf s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ t6e nor+al siBes .eing as given .elo4 EF (// ++ x 125 ++ x 1/ ++ < 22G x 5G x -N,G= ()5 ++ x 125 ++ x 1/ ++ < 2)G x 5G -N,G= )5/ ++ x 125 ++ x 1/ ++ < -/Gx 5G x -N,G= (// ++ x 15/ ++ x 1/ ++ < 22G x (G x -N,G= ()5 ++ x 15/ ++ x 1/ ++ < 2)G x (G x -N,G= )5/ ++ x 15/ ++ x 1/ ++ <-/G x (G x -N,G= 1-.12.1.2 . T6e s6elf@ s6all 6ave C.3. .rass guard rail 4it6 ru..er 4as6ers on 9ositions resting on glass 9late@ and s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 t4o c6ro+iu+ 9lated .rass .rac*ets. '6elf s6all .e fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of C.3. .rass .rac*ets@ 46ic6 s6all .e fixed 4it6 C.3. .rass scre4s to 4ooden cleats fir+l0 e+.eded into t6e 4all. T6e 6eig6t of t6e glass s6elf a.ove t6e floor level s6all .e 115 c+s. unless ot6er4ise s9ecified or s6o4n in dra4ings. T6e $lass s6elf s6all .e grou9ed according to siBe and enu+erated.

1-.12.2 .

Fi7i0g .

1-.12.2.1 .

1-.12.2.2 . 1-.12.. 2o3e o4 1-.12.-.1 2easure/e0t . .

''1

1%.1%. TOI!ET PAPER &O!"ER 1-.1-.1 . 2aterials . 1-.1-.1.1 T6e toilet 9a9er 6older s6all .e 4ooden or of C.3. rass or Vitreous c6ina as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e 4ooden 9a9er 6older s6all .e +ade of 4ell seasoned tea* 4ood finis6ed 4it6 .ee8s -4ax. ?ooden 9a9er 6older s6all .e fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of scre4 and 4ooden cleat e+.eded in t6e 4all. In case of C.3. .rass toilet 9a9er 6older C.3. .rass scre4s s6all .e used for fixing. T6e toilet 9a9er 6older s6all .e grou9ed according to t6eir +aterial and enu+erated.

1-.1-.2 .

Fi7i0g .

1-.1-.2.1 . 1-.1-.2.2 .

1-.1-..

2o3e o4 1-.1-.-.1 2easure/e0t . .

''$

C&APTER-1' -PIPES ? PIPE FITTIN#S 1'.1. SA!T #!AGE" STONEAARE PIPES 12.1.1. 2aterials . 12.1.1.1 'alt glaBed stone4are 9i9es and fittings s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. (51-1555 G '9ecification for 'alt - glaBed stone4are 9i9es and fittings. T6e 9i9es s6all .e unifor+l0 .urnt@ to even texture free fro+ air .lo4s@ fire .listers@ 6air crac*s and ot6er i+9erfections 46ic6 i+9air t6e strengt6@ dura.ilit0 and servicea.ilit0. T6e interior and exterior surfaces of t6e 9i9es and fittings 46ic6 re+ain ex9osed after Cointing s6all .e glaBed. T6e glaBing s6all .e o.tained .0 t6e action of fu+es of volatilised co++on salt on t6e +aterial of t6e 9i9es and fittings during t6e 9rocess of .urning. T6e glaBe of t6e 9i9es and fittings s6all .e free fro+ craBing <net 4or* of fire-crac*s in glaBe=. 'tone4are 9i9es 4it6 glaBing da+aged@ c6i99ed or crac*ed s6all not .e acce9ted. T6e 9i9es and fittings s6all give a s6ar9 clear note 46en struc* 4it6 a lig6t 6a++er. T6ere s6all .e no .ro*en .listers. 3i9es used for straig6t drains s6all .e straig6t longitudinall0 and t6ose for curved s6all .e seg+ents of a circle in 9lan and 46en laid Cointed in 9osition s6all fro+ a drain free fro+ o.struction. "i+e concrete for .edding s6all .e as 9er '9ecification. %ass concrete s6all .e 1E5E1/ no+inal +ix using 2/ ++. aggregate. T6e excavation for a 9i9e se4er s6all .e co++enced at t6e do4n strea+ end of t6e se4er and .e continued u94ards. T6e trenc6es s6all .e excavated to lines and levels as indicated on t6e dra4ings. T6e .ed of t6e trenc6 s6all 6ave to .e truel0 and evenl0 dressed t6roug6out

12.1.1.2.

12.1.1.-.

12.1.1.2.

12.1.1.5.

12.1.1.(.

12.1.1.). 12.1.1.,. 12.1.2. E7ca8atio0 o4 Tre0ches 4or Sto0e>are Pipes. 12.1.2.1.

12.1.2.2.

''%

fro+ one c6ange of grade to t6e next. 12.1.2.-. T6e .ed s6all .e accuratel0 graded .0 fixing level 9ages or sta*es at ever0 -/ + <1//ft.= If t6e reDuired de9t6 .e exceeded at an0 9oint t6e trenc6 s6all .e regarded .0 +eans of ce+ent concrete 1E5E1/ < +ix= or "i+e concrete at t6e ex9ense of t6e contractor. T6e .ed of t6e trenc6@ if in soft or +ade u9 eart6@ s6all .e 4ell 4atered and ra++ed and de9ressions t6us for+ed filled 4it6 sand or ot6er suita.le +aterials@ as directed .0 t6e Engineer. If roc* is +et 4it6@ it s6all .e re+oved to 15 c+. <(inc6= .elo4 t6e level of t6e 9i9e@ and t6e trenc6 s6all .e refilled 4it6 sand. T6e excavated +aterial s6all@ as far as 9ossi.le .e de9osited on one side of t6e trenc6@ so t6at t6e ot6er side is free fro+ 6indrance for la0ing o9eration. T6e excavated +aterial s6all not .e 9laced 4it6in 1// c+. < - ft.= or 6alf t6e de9t6 of t6e trenc6 46ic6ever is greater fro+ t6e edge of t6e trenc6. T6e trenc6es s6all .e *e9t free fro+ 9ollution .0 4ater or se4age or ot6er liDuies. ?6en trenc6es are dee9 and in .ad ground@ t6eir sides s6all .e su99orted .0 ti+.ering or s6oring. Near 6eav0 or i+9ortant .uildings@ t6e sides of t6e trenc6es 46en not in roc*@ s6all .e closel0 and securel0 ti+.ered@ and if an0 settle+ent of t6e .uilding is to .e antici9ated@ t6e ti+.ering s6all .e left in t6e ground. No tunneling s6all .e done exce9t 4it6 t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer - inc6arge. ?idt6 of Trenc6es E- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified@ t6e average 4idt6 of trenc6es@ for different dia+eters of 9i9es laid at different de9t6s@ s6all .e ado9ted as 9er general rule given .elo4 E-

12.1.2.2.

12.1.2.5.

12.1.2.(.

12.1.2.).

12.1.2.,.

12.1.2.5.

12.1.2.1/ . 12.1.2.11 .

'''

<a=

>or all dia+eters@ u9to an average de9t6 of 12/ c+. <28-/G= 4idt6 of trenc6. in c+s .Q #ia+eter of 9i9e in c+. R 2/ c+.

<.=

>or all dia+eters@ for de9t6s a.ove 12/ c+ < 28-/G= 4idt6 of trenc6 in c+s.Q dia+eter of 9i9e in c+. R 5/ c+s. &oad Crossing E- At road crossings@ t6e trenc6 s6all 6e excavated onl0 in 6alf of t6e road 4idt6 at a ti+e@ and excavation in t6e second 6alf s6all co++ence after t6e 9i9es 6ave .een laid in t6e first 6alf and t6e trenc6 refilled@ and ra++ed and t6e road surface 9ro9erl0 restored. 3rotection of existing services E- All t6e 9i9es@ 4ater +ains@ ca.les etc. +et 4it6 in t6e course of excavation sa6ll .e *e9t carefull0 9rotected and su99orted. 'uc6 +ains s6all .e 6ung on ti+.ers 9laced across t6e trenc6. Care s6all .e ta*en not to distur. t6e electrical and t6e co++unication ca.les@ re+oval of 46ic6@ if necessar0@ s6all .e arranged .0 t6e Engineer. "ig6ting and ?atc6 E- T6e o9en trenc6es s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 .a+.oo or 4ire fencing and a 4atc6+an to guard against accidents. &ed flags during da0 and red lig6ts during nig6t s6all .e 9rovided at t6e ends@ and at intervals along t6e sides of t6e trenc6es. 'ign .oards suc6 as 8 slo48 road closed8 etc. s6all .e 9rovided at least -/+. < 1// ft.= a6ead fro+ t6e 9lace 46ere t6e 4or* is in 9rogress. T6e 9recautions s6all .e continued till t6e road surface is restored. Te+9orar0 .ridges or 9lan*s s6all .e 9rovided over t6e trenc6es for *ee9ing o9en t6e access to 9rivate or 9u.lic 9ro9ert0. All 9i9es s6all .e laid on a .ed of 1 E 5E 1/ +ass ce+ent concrete or "i+e concrete@ 9roCecting on .ot6 sides of t6e 9i9es to t6e full 4idt6 of t6e trenc6 as stated in clause 12.1.2.11. a.ove. T6e t6ic*ness of t6e .edding .elo4 t6e .arrel of t6e 9i9e s6all .e 1// ++. for 9i9es

12.1.2.12 .

12.1.2.1.

12.1.2.12 .

12.1.2.15 .

12.1.2.1( .

12.1.-.

Be3 Co0crete .

12.1.-.1.

''(

u9to 15/ ++. in dia and 15/ ++ for 9i9es a.ove 15/ ++ in dia. T6e concrete s6all .e .roug6t u9 at least to t6e invert level of t6e 9i9e so as to for+ a cradle and 9rovide 9ro9er su99ort. 12.1.-.2. 1aunc6ing E- If so s9ecified or s6o4n on dra4ing t6e 9i9e s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 concrete 6aunc6es 46erein t6e .edding descri.ed a.ove s6all .e carried u9to t6e level of t6e 6oriBontal dia+eter of t6e 9i9e and t6en s9la0ed fro+ t6is level to +eet t6e 9i9e .arrel tangentiall0 < &efer #rg. No. 12.1-1.= 'urrounds or Encasing E- Alternativel0 in ot6er situations if so s9ecified t6e 9i9es s6all .e covered 4it6 concrete and finis6ed in a se+i- circular for+ to give a unifor+ encasing for t6e to9 6alf of t6e 9i9e as s6o4n in #rg. 12.1-2. T6e 9i9es s6all .e carefull0 fitted toget6er on t6e ground .efore lo4ering into t6e trenc6. 3i9es s6all .e laid carefull0 to t6e levels and gradients s6o4n on t6e 9lans and sections. .et4een t4o +an-6oles t6e 9i9es s6all .e laid truel0 in straigt6 lines 4it6out vertical or 6oriBontal undulations. No .ends and Cunctions 46at- soever s6all .e 9er+itted exce9t at +an6oles and ins9ection c6a+.ers. ?6ile fixing t6e 9i9es@ it s6all .e ensured t6at sand@ eart6 or ot6er undesira.le +atter does not enter t6e 9i9es. T6e 9i9es s6all .e laid 4it6 8 'oc*et8 u9 t6e gradients. T6e .od0 of t6e 9i9e s6all for its entire lengt6 rest on even .ed of concrete@ and s9ecial 9rovision s6all .e +ade in t6e concrete to receive t6e soc*et of t6e 9i9e. T6e Cointing s6all .e started fro+ t6e lo4er +ost end of t6e 9i9e line and .efore Cointing@ t6e 9i9es s6all .e cleaned 4ell fro+ inside. In eac6 Coint@ s9un 0arn soa*ed in neat ce+ent 4as6 s6all .e 9assed round t6e Coint and inserted in it .0 +eans of a

12.1.-.-.

12.1.2.

!a1i0g .

12.1.2.1.

12.1.2.2.

12.1.2.-.

12.1.2.2.

12.1.2.5.

12.1.5.

Doi0ti0g.

12.1.5.1.

12.1.5.2.

''+

caul*ing tool. %ore s*eins of 0arn s6all .e added if necessar0 and 4ell ra++ed do+e. ;arn so ra++ed s6all not occu90 +ore t6an one fourt6 t6e de9t6 of t6e soc*et. 12.1.5.-. Ce+ent +ortar <1 E 1= one 9art of ce+ent to one 9art of coarse sand@ s6all .e slig6tl0 +oistened and carefull0 inserted .0 6and into t6e re+aining s9ace of t6e Coint. T6e +ortar s6all t6en .e 9unc6ed and caul*ed into t6e Coint 4it6 a caul*ing tool. %ore ce+ent +ortar s6all .e added until t6e s9ace of Coints 6as .een co+9letel0 filled 4it6 tig6tl0 caul*ed +ortar. T6e Coint s6all t6en .e finis6ed off neatl0 outside t6e soc*et at an angle of 2/. An0 sur9lus +ortar 9roCecting inside t6e Coint s6all .e re+oved and to guard against an0 suc6 9roCections. sac* or gunn0 .ag s6all .e dra4n 9ast eac6 Coint after co+9letion. T6e ce+ent +ortar Coints s6all .e cured at least for seven da0s .efore testing. All Coints s6all .e tested to a 6ead of (/ c+s. <2 ft.= of 4ater a.ove t6e to9 of t6e 6ig6est 9i9e .et4een t4o +an6oles T6e lo4est end of t6e 9i9e s6all .e 9lugged 4ater-tig6t. ?ater s6all t6en .e filled in t6e +an6ole at t6e u99er end of t6e line. T6e de9t6 of 4ater in t6e +an6ole s6all .e (/ c+s. of t6e line. T6e de9t6 of 4ater in t6e +an6ole s6all .e (/ c+s. 9lus t6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e. If t6ere is no lea*age t6roug6 an0 Coint@ t6e Coints s6all .e ta*en as satisfactor0. An0 Coint found lea*ing or s4eating@ s6all .e rectified or e+.edded into 15 c+. <(G= la0er of ce+ent concrete <1E2E2= -/ c+. in lengt6 at contractor8s cost and t6e section retested. To avoid clogging of drains@ .ot6 ends s6all .e *e9t 9lugged until t6e construction of +an6oles is co+9lete in ever0 res9ect. On co+9letion@ care s6all .e ta*en t6at eac6 9lug is re+oved and t6e face of t6e drain +ade s+oot6.

12.1.5.2.

12.1.(. 12.1.).

Curi0g . Testi0g .

12.1.(.1. 12.1.).1.

12.1.).2.

12.1.).-.

12.1.,.

Precautio0 .

12.1.,.1.

'',

12.1.5.

Re4illi0g .

12.1.5.1.

T6e first foot of t6e filling +aterial@ i++ediatel0 a.ove and around ever0 9i9e s6all consist of t6e finest selected +aterial . No lu+9 of +aterial s6all .e 9ut around t6e 9i9e or t6ro4n into t6e trenc6. After t6e first one foot of t6e +aterial 6as .een 9laced in 9osition@ t6e re+ainder of t6e +aterials s6all .e 9ut in and ra++ed in la0ers not exceeding 15 c+s. <(G= at a ti+e and consolidation s6all .e done at o9ti+u+ +oisture content. In refilling @ t6e fill s6all .e +ade 2.5 c+. <1G= 6ig6er 9er -/ c+ <18-/G= de9t6 of trenc6 su.Cect to a +axi+u+ of ).5 c+. <-G= t6an t6e adCacent ground surface as t6e refill 4ill settle 4it6 ti+e@ and it is +ost undesira.le t6at t6is settle+ent s6ould for+ a de9ression a.ove t6e 9i9e. All *er.ing and ot6er surface 4or*@ 9aving and +etalling s6all .e reinstated in as good condition as .efore excavation. T6e 4or* of 9roviding@ la0ing and Cointing of stone 4are 9i9es s6all .e +easured for t6e finis6ed lengt6 of t6e 9i9e line onl0 i.e. fro+ inside of one +an6ole to inside of t6e ot6er +an6ole@ including all .ends and s9ecials. Ta9er 9i9es s6all .e +easured as 9i9e of larger dia+eter. T6e concreting of t6e .ed s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e excavation and refilling of trenc6es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e everage de9t6 .eing stated. T6e 4idt6 ta*en for +easure+ent s6all .e as in clause 12.1.2.11. and it s6all include for all ti+.ering and s6oring. An0 ti+.er t6at is reDuired to .e left in ground s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

12.1.5.2.

12.1.5.-.

12.1.5.2.

12.1.1/ .

2o3e o4 12.1.1/.1 2easure/e0t . .

12.1.1/.2 . 12.1.1/..

''-

''5

1'.$ CE2ENT CONCRETE PIPES FOR &O SE "RAINA#E. 12.2.1 . 2aterials . 12.2.1.1 Ce+ent concrete 9i9es for drainage 4or* s6all .e straig6t free fro+ crac*s and generall0 confor+ to class N.3.I. !nreinforced. Non-3ressure 9i9es of I.'. E 25, G '9ecification for Concrete 3i9es <4it6out reinforce+ent=G. T6e ends of t6e 9i9es s6all .e sDuare 4it6 t6eir longitudinal axis@ t6e inside and outside surfaces s6all .e s+oot6 dense 6ard and free fro+ an0 coating of ce+ent +ortar etc. T6e N.3.I. 9i9es used s6all .e ca9a.le of sustaining a 4ater 6ead of ( +. T6e ends of N.3.I. 9i9es +a0 .e eit6er suita.le for .uff end Coint or +a0 6ave s9igot and soc*et ends. T6e di+ensions of s9igot end s6all confor+ to I.'. E 25,. Excavation of trenc6es for la0ing ce+ent concrete 9i9es s6all .e carried out in t6e +anner s9ecified for G 'tone4are 9i9es.G ?6en so s9ecified in 9laces 46ere t6e natural foundation is inadeDuate@ t6e 9i9es s6all .e laid in a craddle of li+e concrete or 1 E 5E 1/ +ass ce+ent concrete. T6e de9t6 of concrete .elo4 t6e 9i9e s6all .e at least one fourt6 t6e internal dia+eter of t6e 9i9e su.Cect to a +ini+u+ of 1// ++ and a +ax. of -// ++. T6e concrete s6all extend u9 t6e sides of t6e 9i9e at least to a distance of one fourt6of t6e outside dia+eter for 9i9es -// ++ and over in dia+eter. T6e 9i9es s6all .e laid on t6e concrete .edding .efore t6e concrete 6as set. "oading@ trans9orting@ unloading and 6andling of 9i9es s6all .e done 4it6 sufficient care so as not to cause an0 da+age to t6e concrete 9i9es. An0 da+age done to t6e concrete 9i9es during la0ing due to careless 6andling@ s6all .e t6e lia.ilit0 of t6e contractor. All 9i9e sections and connections s6all .e ins9ected carefull0 .efore .eing laid. ro*en or defective 9i9es or connections

12.2.1.2 .

12.2.1.. 12.2.1.2 .

12.2.2 .

E7ca8atio0 Tre0ches 4or Ce/e0t co0crete Pipe . Be3 co0creti0g .

12.2.2.1 .

12.2..

12.2.-.1

12.2.2 .

!a1i0g .

12.2.2.1 .

12.2.2.2 .

'(6

s6all not .e uses. 12.2.2.. 3i9es s6all .e laid carefull0 to levels and gradients s6o4n in t6e 9lans and sections and care s6all .e ta*en t6at sand@ eart6 or anot6er undesira.le +atter do not enter t6e 9i9es. "a0ing of 9i9es s6all al4a0s 9roceed u9 grade of a slo9e. If t6e 9i9es 6ave s9igot and soc*et Coints@ t6e soc*et ends s6all face u9 strea+. In case of 9i9es 4it6 Coints to .e +ade 4it6 loose collars@ t6e collars s6all .e sli99ed on .efore t6e next 9i9e is laid. Ex9ansion Coints s6all .e 9rovided as directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e .od0 of 9i9e s6all@ for its entire lengt6@ rest on an even .ed in t6e trenc6 and 9laces s6all .e excavated to receive t6e collar or soc*et for t6e 9ur9ose of Cointing. ?al*ing or 4or*ing on t6e co+9leted 9i9e s6all not .e 9er+itted untill t6e trenc6 6as .een .ac* filled to a 6eig6t of at least -/ c+. over t6e 9i9e@ exce9t as +a0 .e necessar0 in ta+9ing or .ac* filling. ac* fill s6all .e 9laced in 6oriBontal la0ers not exceeding 15 c+. after co+9action. 1eav0 stones s6all neit6er .e dro99ed on to9 of t6e 9i9e nor s6all .e allo4ed to roll do4n@ t6e side of e+.an*+ent against t6e 9i9e. '9igot and soc*et Aoint E T6e 9i9e 4it6 s9igot at t6e end 4ould .e Cointed .0 ce+ent +ortar Coint. T6e s9igot of t6e 9i9e s6all .e carefull0 centred in t6e soc*et and t6e annular s9ace filled u9 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1 E 2 as s6o4n in t6e #rg. No. 12.21. andage Aoint E- T6e 9i9es 4it6 flus6 ends s6all .e Cointed .0 andage Aoint. At t6e end of t6e 9i9e@ a 6ollo4 s6all .e scoo9ed out 25 ++. dee9@ )5++. under and )5 ++. a6ead. T6e 6ollo4 s6all .e filled 4it6 +ortar to t6e invert of t6e trenc6. Netting s6all .e laid on t6e +ortar 4it6 eDual lengt6s on eac6 side of t6e 9i9e <see #rg. 12.2-2 .@ c@ d@=. 'cri+ s6all .e laid on t6e netting and a la0er of +ortar (.5 ++. t6ic*

12.2.2.2 .

12.2.2.5 .

12.2.2.( .

12.2.2.) . 12.2.2., .

12.2.5 .

Doi0ti0g o4 Pipes .

12.2.5.1 .

12.2.5.2 .

'(1

s6all .e s9read on t6e scri+ for a sufficient lengt6 to reac6 6alf4a0 to t6e cro4n of t6e 9i9e on eac6 side. T6e ends of t6e 9i9es to .e Cointed s6all .e 4etted. T6e face of t6e 9i9e alread0 laid s6all .e coated 4it6 +ortar. T6e 3i9e 46ic6 is .eing laid s6all .e .utted closel0 4it6 t6e for+er. A la0er of +ortar (.5 ++. t6ic* s6all .e s9read on t6e to9 6alf of t6e 9i9e over t6e Coint. T6e netting s6all .e dra4n tig6tl0 around t6e 9i9es and t6e strand 6oo*ed securel0 toget6er 4it6 9liers sDueeBing t6e +ortar fir+l0 to t6e 9i9es. T6e netting s6all .e covered 4it6 2/ ++ t6ic* additional +ortar. T6e di+ension s6all .e finis6ed as s6o4n in #rg. 12.2-2 <#= 12.2.5.. Curing E- Ever0 Coint s6all .e *e9t 4et for a.out ) da0s for +aturing. T6e section of t6e 9i9e line laid and Cointed s6all .e covered i++ediatel0 to 9rotect it fro+ 4eat6er. A +ini+u+ cover a.out 1// ++. s6all .e adeDuate@ t6e Coint s6all 6o4ever .e left ex9osed for o.servations. ?6en testing a 9i9e line 60draulicall0 t6e line s6all .e filled co+9letel0 4it6 4ater and *e9t filled for one 4ee*. T6e 9ressure s6all t6en .e increaed graduall0 to full test 9ressure and +aintained at t6is 9ressure for one 6our. In testing 9i9e lines a see9age allo4ance of 2.5 litres 9er 7ilo+etre 9er 6our 9er centi+etre dia+eter of t6e 9i9e s6all .e 9er+issi.le. T6e 4or* of 9roviding@ la0ing and Cointing of ce+ent concrete 9i9es s6all .e +easured for t6e finis6ed lengt6 of t6e 9i9e line onl0 stating t6e t09e of 9i9e and Coint. ?6ere t6e 9i9es are laid in concrete cradle t6is s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 in cu. +etre. T6e excavation and refilling of trenc6es .eing stated. T6e 4idt6 ta*en for +easure+ent s6all .e as in clause 12.1.2.11. of stone4are 9i9es and it s6all include for all ti+.ering and s6oring. An0 ti+.er t6at is reDuired to .e left in ground s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

12.2.( .

Testi0g .

12.2.(.1 .

12.2.) .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.2.).1 .

12.2.).2 . 12.2.)..

'($

'(%

1'.%. #A!EANISE" IRON PIPES 12.-.1 . #. I. Pipes a03 Fitti0gs . 12.-.1.1 T6e 9i9es s6all .e of galvanised 4roug6t Iron and s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. E 12-5@G '9ecification for %ild 'teel@ tu.es and tu.lersG t6e grade of 9i9e to .e used .eing s9ecified. T6e 9i9es s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 soc*ets for Cointing scre4ed to fit t6e scre4 t6read on t6e 9i9e. T6e 9i9e fittings s6all .e eit6er of galvanised +allea.le Iron or galvanised 4roug6t Iron. 3i9es and fittings of 46ic6 t6e galvanising fil+ 6as .een da+aged@ s6all not .e used. T6e lines of trenc6es for all t6e 9i9e lines s6all .e carefull0 set out to t6e align+ent as indicated on t6e 9lu+.ing dra4ings. T6e trenc6es s6all .e carefull0 tri++ed on to t6e sides and t6e .otto+@ so t6at t6e 9i9e line 46en laid@ <exce9t 46ere t6e trenc6 is cut into roc*0 ground= s6all rest on t6e natural .ed of t6e trenc6 t6roug6out its full lengt6. !nless ot6er4ise directed or 9er+itted@ not +ore t6an -/ +etre lengt6 of an0 trenc6 in .uilt u9 areas@ or 5/ +etres lengt6 in o9en countr0@ in advance of t6e end of t6e 9i9e line alread0 laid s6all .e o9en at an0 ti+e@ and t6e 4or* s6all .e done in o9en trenc6 or excavation. No tunneling s6all .e done exce9t 4it6 t6e 9er+ission of t6e Engineer. All road crossings s6all .e excavated 6alf at a ti+e t6e second 6alf .eing co++enced after t6e 9i9es 6ave .een laid in t6e first 6alf@ and t6e trenc6 refilled In excavating t6e trenc6es@ t6e road +etalling soling@ .ric* 9ave+ents and stone 9ave+ents etc. s6all .e 9reserved for reinstate+ent 46en t6e trenc6 is filled u9. T6e contractor s6all gru. u9 and clear@ t6e surface over t6e trenc6 .ut t6e cutting of an0 live fence or trees in t6e line of t6e trenc6 s6all .e done onl0 4it6 t6e a99roval of t6e Engineer. T6e 4idt6 of trenc6 s6all .e adeDuate so t6at t6e 9i9es can .e Cointed 9ro9erl0.

12.-.1.2 . 12.-.1.. 12.-.1.2 . 12.-.2 . !a1i0g o4 Pipes . 12.-.2.1 . 12.-.2.2 .

12.-.2..

12.-.2.2 .

12.-.2.5 .

12.-.2.( .

12.-.2.) .

'('

12.-.2., .

#e9t6 of trenc6es E- !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e trenc6es for 9i9es 1/ c+. or a.ove s6all .e dug to suc6 a de9t6 so as to 6ave a +ini+u+ cover of one +etre over t6e to9 of t6e 9i9e. 3i9es for s+all dia+eter +a0 .e laid to lesser de9t6 as desired .0 t6e Engineer. >or internal 4or* $.I. 9i9es and fittings inside and outside t6e 4alls s6all .e so fixed as to .e visi.le <not in c6ase= .0 +eans of standard 6older .at cla+9s@ *ee9ing t6e 9i9e at least 12 ++ clear of 4all ever0 46ere. T6e distance .et4een t4o cla+9s s6all not .e +ore t6an 2 +etres. ?6en it is i+9erative to fix t6e 9i9e in front of a 6ouse or in an0 cons9icious 9osition 46ere it loo*s unsig6tl0@ c6asing +a0 .e ado9ted if 9er+itted .0 t6e Engineer. All 9i9es and fittings s6all .e fixed truel0 vertical or 6oriBontal unless unavoida.le@ in 46ic6 case a99roval of t6e Engineer s6all .e ta*en .efore 6and. All scre4ed Coints@ .ot6 internal as 4ell as external s6all .e exa+ined .efore Cointing to ensure t6at t6e t6reads are 9erfect for t6e full de9t6 of t6e Coint. If an0 fla4 is found in t6e t6reads@ t6e t6reads s6all .e recut 4it6 t6e stoc*s and dice of t6e correct t09e to suit t6e t6reads@ .efore Cointing. T6e Cointing 4or* s6all .e so arranged@ in case of ever0 Coint t6at t6e t4o ends of t6e 9i9es or s9ecials Cointed t6ere.0 s6all .e eDuidistant fro+ t6e +iddle of t6e soc*et and s6all 6ave a s9ace of not +ore t6an a.out ( ++ .et4een t6e+ in t6e centre of t6e soc*et. ?6ere 9i9es 6ave to .e cut or ret6readed@ t6e ends s6all .e carefull0 filed out so t6at no o.struction to .ore is offered. ?6ile Cointing t6e 9i9es@ t6e scre4ed ends@ and soc*ets of t6e 9i9es s6all .e ru..ed over 4it6 coconut oil and a fe4 turns of fine 6e+9@ 0arn s+eared 4it6 46ite lead s6all .e 4ound in t6e grooves of t6e t6reads fro+ end to end of t6e Coint. A 9aste of 46ite lead s6all .e lig6tl0 s9read over t6e t6reads 46en t6e 9i9es are scre4ed u9.

12.-..

I0ter0al Aor: (Fi7i0g) .

12.-.-.1 .

12.-.-.2 .

12.-.2 .

Doi0ti0g o4 Pipes .

12.-.2.1 .

12.-.2.2 .

12.-.2..

12.-.2.2 . 12.-.2.5 .

12.-.2.( .

'((

12.-.2.) . 12.-.5 . Re4illi0g o4 Tre0ches . 12.-.5.1 . 12.-.5.2 .

T6e 9i9es s6all .e scre4ed u9 tig6tl0 4it6 9i9e fitter tongs or 9i9e 4renc6es. After t6e 9i9es 6ave .een laid@ Cointed and tested@ t6e trenc6es s6all .e refilled as s9ecified@ .elo4 ET6e first foot of filling +aterial i++ediatel0 a.ove and around ever0 9i9e s6all consist of t6e 9o4dered s9oil. No lu+9s of +aterial s6all .e 9ut round t6e 9i9e or t6ro4n into t6e trenc6. After t6e first one foot of t6e +aterial 6as .een 9laced in 9osition@ t6e re+ainder of t6e +aterial s6all .e 9ut in and ra++ed in la0ers not exceeding 15 c+. at a ti+e. T6e refill s6all .e +ade at least 2.5 c+. 6ig6er 9er -/ c+. de9t6 of trenc6 su.Cect to a +axi+u+ of ).5 c+. t6an t6e adCacent ground surface. All *er.ing and ot6er surface 4or*@ 9aving and +etalling s6all .e reinstated in as good condition as .efore excavation. All sur9lus +aterial s6all .e re+oved .0 t6e contractor at 6is o4n ex9ense. If so desired t6e $.I. 9i9es and fittings s6all .e tested to a 9ressure of ) 7gNc+ 2 <1// l.sNG= to ensure t6at 9i9es 6ave 9ro9er t6reads and t6at 9ro9er +aterial 6as .een used in Cointing. All lea*ing Coints s6all .e +ade lea* 9roof .0 tig6tening or redoing as directed .0 t6e Engineer. All 9i9es s6all .e +easured net@ lengt6 as laid or fixed s6all .e +easured over all fittings@ suc6 as .ends@ Cunctions etc. 46ic6 s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0 and given in running +etres. T6e lengt6 s6all .e ta*en along t6e centre line of t6e 9i9es and fittings. 3i9es laid in trenc6es@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 fro+ 9i9es laid for internal 4or* as detailed in clause 12.-.-. 3i9es for internal 4or* s6all include for 6older cla+9s@ cutting t6roug6 4alls and floors etc. and +a*ing good. T6is s6all not@ 6o4ever include t6e concealed 9i9e 4or* in 46ic6 case t6e cutting of c6ase and +a*ing good s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

12.-.5..

12.-.5.2 .

12.-.5.5 . 12.-.5.( . 12.-.( . Testi0g . 12.-.(.1 .

12.-.) .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.-.).1 .

12.-.).2 . 12.-.)..

'(+

1'.'. CA IRON PRESS RE PIPES AN" FITTIN#S. 12.2.1. 2aterial . 12.2.1.1 <a= Cast Iron 9i9es s6all .e eit6er E Verticall0 Cast Iron 3ressure 9i9e. or <.= Centrifugall0 Cast <s9un= Iron 9ressure 9i9e as s9ecified in sc6edule of Huantities . Verticall0 Cast Iron 9ressure 9i9es s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. 15-) G '9ecification for Verticall0 Cast Iron 9ressure 9i9es for ?ater. $as and 'e4age. Centrifugall0 Cast Iron 9ressure 9i9e s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. 15-( G '9ecification for centrifugall0 Cast Iron 9i9e for ?ater@ gas and se4age.G 12.2.1.2. >ittings E- Cast Iron fittings for 9ressure 9i9es s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. 15-, G'9ecification for Cast Iron fittings for 9ressure 9i9es for 4ater@ gas and se4age.G T6e 9i9es and fittings s6all .e free fro+ 4ar9ing or s6rin*age effects and suc6 ot6er defects 46ic6 +a0 affect t6e dura.ilit0 and servicea.ilit0 of t6e 9i9es. Eac6 9i9e s6all .e su99lied coated .ot6 internall0 and externall0 4it6 suita.le a99roved +aterial and t6e coating s6all .e s+oot6@ tenacious and 6ard .ut not .rittle. >or 9i9es used for conve0ing 9ota.le 4ater@ t6e inside coating s6all not contain an0 constituent solu.le in suc6 4ater or li*el0 to i+9art an0 taste or odour to t6e 9ota.le 4ater after sterilisation and suita.le 4as6ing of t6e +ain. T6e 9i9es s6all .e laid to t6e levels and align+ents indicated on t6e dra4ings. T6e trenc6es s6all .e dug as 9er s9ecifications in t6e case of stone 4are 9i9es 46erein t6e 4idt6 of t6e trenc6 for

12.2.1.-.

12.2.1.2.

12.2.2.

Tre0ches 4or 12.2.2.1. !a1i0g o4 Pipes .

'(,

9i9e dia+eter and de9t6 .elo4 ground 6as also .een indicated 12.2.-. Stac:i0g a03 12.2.-.1. !a1i0g o4 Pipes . To facilitate 9ro9er la0ing@ t6e 9i9es s6all .e stac*ed along t6e side of t6e line of trenc6@ eac6 9i9e in its 9ro9er 9osition for la0ing An extra 9i9e s6all .e 9laced for ever0 2/ 9i9es. ?6ere t6e trenc6 crosses t6e road or at 9laces 46ere a.ove distri.ution is not 9ossi.le@ t6e 9i9es +a0 .e stac*ed in 6ea9s at eac6 end in suc6 a nu+.er so as to fill t6e ga9. '+all 9i9es .elo4 1/ c+s. dia+eter +a0 6o4ever .e stac*ed in 6ea9s ever0 -/ +. 12.2.-.-. "a0ing E- T6e 9i9es .efore .eing laid s6all .e .rus6ed t6roug6out to re+ove an0 soil or stones t6at +a0 6ave accu+ulated t6erein. T6ese s6all t6en .e laid in 9osition in t6e trenc6@ t6e soc*et end of all 9i9es facing t6e direction fro+ 46ic6 t6e 4ater is to flo4. '9igot and soc*et Aoints E 3i9es 4it6 s9igot and soc*et ends s6all .e Cointed .0 lead Coint in t6e +anner s9ecified in clause 12.2.2.2. so as to +a*e a co+9letel0 4ater tig6t Coint. T6e s9igot of t6e 9i9es s6all .e carefull0 centred in t6e soc*et .0 one or +ore la9s of 46ite 6e+9 or s9un 0arn. T6e Duantit0 of 6e+9 or 0arn 9er Coint .eing as 9er ta.le 1 .elo4. T6e 9i9es s6all t6ereafter .e 9ro9erl0 su99orted t6roug6out t6eir lengt6 so as to +aintain align+ent and level. T6e annular s9ace left in t6e soc*et s6all t6en .e filled in .0 9ouring in@ t6e +olten lead. To ac6ieve t6is a ring of 6e+9 ro9e covered 4it6 da+9 cla0 s6all .e 4ra99ed round t6e 9i9e at t6e end of t6e soc*et leaving a s+all sa9ce on t6e to9 of t6e Coint as a 9ouring 6ole for +olten lead. T6e lead 46ic6 s6all .e rendered t6oroug6l0 fluid s6all t6en .e filled in one 9ouring. T6e guidance ring s6all .e re+oved 46en t6e lead 6as slig6tl0 cooled and 6ardened. T6e lead s6all t6ereafter .e 4ell caul*ed in to t6e soc*et .0 suita.le caul*ing tools and t6e '(-

12.2.-.2.

12.2.2.

Doi0ti0g o4 Pipes . 12.2.2.1.

12.2.2.2.

Coint left neat and even 4it6 t6e soc*et of t6e 9i9e. 1.2.2.2.-. 12.2.2.-.1. Huantit0 of "ead and ;arn ET6e +ini+u+ 4eig6t of lead and 0arn to .e used s6all .e as given in t6e ta.le .elo4 E-

TAB!E-1 #ia+eter of 9i9e in ++. -6 //. 166 //. 1$( //. 1(6 //. $66 //. $(6 //. %66 //. %(6 //. '66 //. '(6 //. (66 //. 4eig6t of "ead 9er Aoint. 2 7g. 2.5 7g. - 7g. -.5. 7g 5.5 7g. ) 7g. , 7g. 1/ 7g. 11 7g. 12.5 7g 15.5 7g. ?eig6t of 6e+9 9er Aoint. 115 g+. 1)5 g+. 2// g+. -// g+. -// g+. -5/ g+. 25/ g+. (5/ g+. )5/ g+. 1 7g. 1.5 7g.

12.2.2.-.2.. Alternativel0 instead of lead run Aoint t6e lead Coint +a0 .e +ade 4it6 lead 4ool or lead 0arn 46ic6 s6all .e suita.l0 caul*ed in t6e annular s9ace .et4een t6e 'oc*et and s9igot .0 +eans of caul*ing tools. 12.2.2.2. >langed Aoint E- 3i9es +ade 4it6 flanges s6all .e Cointed toget6er 4it6 .olts and nuts. T6e flanged Coint s6all .e +ade .0 9ainting t6e face of t6e flange 4it6 red lead freel0 and a 9ac*ing ring or gas*et <4as6er= of ru..er@ leat6er@ co+9ressed fi.re .oard@ or gutta9arc6a@ s+eared 4it6 a +ixture of red and 46ite lead is 9laced .et4een t6e flanges of .ot6 t6e 9i9es and

'(5

nuts tig6tened in o99osite 9airs. 'iBe of t6e gas*et s6all .e 2++ t6ic* for 9i9es of dia+eter 2// ++ or less and ++ for .igger dia+eter 9i9es. 12.2.5. Testi0g . 12.2.5.1. After eac6 section of t6e 9i9e line 6as .een co+9leted it s6all .e tested or 4ater- tig6tness against a 6ead of 4ater of ( + .efore .eing covered. T6e 9i9e s6all .e closed at eac6 end .0 +eans of valve or 9lug and t6e 9ressure raised .0 +eans of a s+all force 9u+9 till t6e s9ecified 9ressure is ac6ieved as indicated on t6e dial guage. T6is 9ressure s6all .e *e9t for at least one 6our. ?6en t6e 9i9es are laid at a gradient t6e test s6all .e carried out at t6e lo4er end of section . All t6e 9i9es@ s9ecials@ and fittings as 4ell as t6e Coints s6all re+ain 9erfectl0 4ater tig6t under t6e test 6ead. T6e Coints s6all .e exa+ined for lea*age and an0 lea*ing Coint +ade good and t6e section retested. After .eing tested t6e trenc6es s6all .e refilled as 9er s9ecification in clause 12.1.5. in t6e case of stone4are 9i9es. T6e 4or* of la0ing and Cointing of cast iron 9ressure 9i9es s6all .e +easured for t6e finis6ed lengt6 of t6e 9i9e line@ stating t6e dia+eter i.e. t6e lengt6 as laid or fixed s6all .e +easured over all fittings@ suc6 as .ends@ Cunctions etc. 46ic6 s6all not .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e lengt6 s6all .e ta*en along t6e centre line of 9i9es and fittings. It s6all include all Cointing +aterials reDuired. T6e ite+ for 9roviding of 9i9es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0. T6e excavation and refilling of trenc6es s6all .e +easured se9aratel0 as 9er G Excavation and Eart4or*G.

12.2.5.1.1.

12.2.5.2.

12.2.5.-.

12.2.(.

Re4illi0g .

12.2.(.1.

12.2.).

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.2.).1.

12.2.).2.

'+6

1'.(. CAST IRON SOI! AASTEB EENT PIPES AN" TTIN#S. 12.5.1. Scope . 12.5.1.1 T6is s9ecification covers t6e reDuire+ents of +aterial@ +et6od of fixing@ Cointing and +ode of +easure+ent for C.I. 'oil@ ?aste@ Vent 9i9es and t6eir accessories. Cast Iron 'oil@ 4aste@ vent 9i9es and fittings s6all .e of G A99roved +a*eG confor+ing to I.'. 1)25 G'9ecification for Cast Iron '9igot and soc*et 'oil@ 4aste and ventilating 9i9es@ fittings and accessoriesG. T6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9es s6all .e as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings. Nor+all0 t6e dia+eter for 9articular use is as under E1// ++. (/ to )5 ++. 5/ to (5 ++.

12.5.2.

2aterials .

12.5.2.1.

>or 'oil dis9osal >or ?aste ?ater dis9osal >or vent antisi96on 9ractice 12.5.2.2.

T6e outer and inner surfaces of t6e 9i9es and fittings s6all .e s+oot6 and clean and s6all in all res9ects .e free fro+ crac*s@ 9in 6oles@ la9s or ot6er i+9erfections@ 46ic6 +a0 i+9air t6e strengt6 and dura.ilit0 of t6e 9i9es and fittings. T6e ends of t6e 9i9es s6all .e reasona.l0 sDuare to t6eir axes. All 9i9es and fittings s6all .e 9ainted inside and outside 46ile 6ot 4it6 #r. Angus '+it68s solution or ot6er a99roved anti-corrosive 9aint. Access #oor fittings s6all .e of 9ro9er design so as not to for+ an0 cavit0 in 46ic6 filt6 +a0 accu+ulate. T6e access doors s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 ru..er or ot6er insertion 9ac*ings and 46en closed and .olted s6all .e co+9letel0 4ater tig6t. T6e cla+9s for fixing t6e 9i9es to t6e external 4all s6all .e of a99roved design and s6all fit closel0 round t6e 9i9e or accessor0 directl0 .eneat6 t6e soc*et. T6ese s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 a99roved 9rotective 9aint. T6e C.I. 'oil@ ?aste and Vent 9i9es s6all nor+all0 .e fixed externall0 to t6e 4all or in suita.l0 designed s6afts as 9er

12.5.2.-.

12.5.2.2.

12.5.2.5.

12.5.-. E

Fi7i0g

12.5.-.1.

'+1

align+ent s6o4n on t6e dra4ings or as directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e 9i9es s6all .e fixed and *e9t in 9osition .0 +eans of .rac*ets or 6older cla+9s 46ic6 s6all .e securel0 e+.edded in t6e 4all. >or vertical runs eac6 9i9e s6all 6ang freel0. on its o4n .rac*ets fixed Cust .elo4 t6e soc*et. >or 6oriBontal runs@ an additional cla+9 s6all .e 9rovided at t6e centre. T6e .rac*ets or cla+9s s6ould .e of suc6 a design so as to +aintain a +ini+u+ distance of 5/ ++. .et4een t6e surface of t6e 9i9e and t6e 4all. 12.5.-.2. Alternativel0 if so s9ecified t6e 9i9e s6all .e e+.edded in t6e 4all during t6e construction t6ereof in suc6 a 4a0 so t6at t6ere is direct access to t6e GAccess doorsG 9rovided on t6e fittings. Onl0 lead Coint s6all .e 9er+itted in t6is case. T6e soil@ 4aste or vent 9i9es s6all .e carried u9 a.ove t6e roof .0 at least 1.5 +. and s6all 6ave a co4 1 of suita.le design at t6e u99er end. T6e s9igot and 'oc*et 9i9es s6all .e Cointed .0 eit6er a lead run Coint or Ce+ent +ortar Coint as s9ecified. In case 46ere t6e 9i9e is .uilt in t6e 4all@ onl0 lead run Coint s6all .e used. "ead run AointE-T6e s9igot s6all .e centred in t6e adCoining soc*et .0 tig6tl0 caul*ing in sufficient turns of tarred gas*et or 6e+9 0arn to leave unfilled t6e reDuired de9t6 i.e. 25 ++. of soc*et for lead 46en gas*et or 6e+9 0arn 6as .een caul*ed tig6l0 6o+e@ a Cointing ring s6all .e 9laced round t6e .arrel and against t6e faces of t6e soc*et. %olten 9ig lead s6all t6an .e 9oured in@ to fill t6e re+ainder of t6e soc*et. T6e lead s6all t6an .e solidl0 caul*ed 4it6 suita.le tools and 6a++ers rig6t round t6e Coint to +a*e u9 for t6e s6rin*age of t6e +olten +etal on cooling and s6all .e left flus6@ neat and even 4it6 t6e soc*et. It is essential t6at t6e 9i9es .e 9erfectl0 dr0 .efore lead run Coints are +ade. 12.5.2.-. In case of 4et conditions for 46ic6 t6e lead run Coint is un-suita.le@ "ead 4ool or "ead >i.re Coint +a0 .e used. T6e soc*et s6all .e caul*ed 4it6 tarred gas*et or

12.5.-.-.

12.5.2.

Doi0ti0g .

12.5.2.1.

12.5.2.2.

'+$

6e+9 0arn as descri.ed and t6e lead fi.re inserted into t6e soc*et and tig6tl0 caul*ed 6o+e s*ein 4it6 suita.le tools and 6a++ers@ until t6e Coint is filled. 12.5.2.2. Ce+ent +ortar Coint as descri.ed for A.C. .uilding 9i9es +a0.e used instead of lead Coint in case t6e 9i9es are fixed on external side of t6e .uilding. T6e follo4ing 9recautions s6all 6o4ever .e ta*en EAvoidance of distur.ance to ne4l0 +ade Coints. !se of ce+ent +ortar 4it6 a99rox. 1) to 2/ 9ercent of 4ater <.0 4eig6t=. 7ee9ing t6e Coint +oist for 22 6ours after +a*ing. Allo4ing at least -( to 2, 6ours to ela9se .efore a99l0ing a 9ressure test. T6e C.I. 'oil@ ?aste and Vent 9i9e 4or* s6all .e tested .0 '+o*e test as descri.ed for A.C. uilding 9i9es. All t6e ex9osed C.I. 9i9es and fittings s6all .e given t4o coats of Alu+iniu+ 9aint. Alternativel0 if so desired t6ese s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 t4o coats of oil 9aint of a99roved s6ade. T6e 9i9e 4or* s6all .e +easured in running +etres@ stating t6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e and s6all include for 9ainting as 4ell as fixing t6e 6older .ats and .rac*ets@ cutting t6e 4all and +a*ing t6e sa+e good. Accessories suc6 as .ends@ Cunctions@ '4an nec*@ Co4l s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

<i= <ii= <iii= <iv= 12.5.5. Testi0g . 12.5.5.1.

12.5.(.

Pai0ti0g .

12.5.(.1.

12.5.).

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.5.).1.

12.5.).2.

'+%

1'.+. CAST IRON RAIN AATER PIPE AN" ACCESSORIES 12.(.1. . Scope . 12.(.1.1 T6e s9ecification covers t6e su99l0@ fixing and Cointing of Cast Iron &ain ?ater 9i9es and accessories and s9ecifies t6e +ode of +easure+ent. Cast Iron &ain ?ater 9i9es and fittings s6all .e of a99roved 8+a*e8 confor+ing to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. 12-/ G'9ecifications for Cast Iron &ain ?ater 9i9es and fittingsG <'9igot and 'oc*et t09e=. T6e dia+eter of 9i9e s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ t6e nor+al siBe .eing )5@1//@125 and 15/ ++. T6e outer and inner surfaces of t6e 9i9es s6all .e s+oot6 and s6all .e in all res9ects .e sound and free fro+ 9in 6oles@ la9s or ot6er i+9erfection 46ic6 +a0 i+9air t6e strengt6 and dura.ilit0 of 9i9es and fittings. T6e ends of t6e 9i9es and fittings s6all .e reasona.l0 sDuare to t6eir axes. T6e 9i9es s6all .e su99lied 4it6 GEarsG at t6e 'oc*et for fixing t6ese to t6e 4all. Alternativel0 t6e 9i9es +a0 .e fixed to 4alls .0 +eans of a99roved 6older .ats eit6er of atted or Eared t09e. All 9i9es and fittings s6all .e su99lied 9ainted 4it6 one coat of a99roved Anticorrosive 9aint. T6e rain 4ater 9i9es and accessories s6all .e arranged so to give free access to t6e full external face. T6e 6older .ats or t6e GEarsG attac6ed to t6e 9i9e s6all .e of suc6 a disign@ so as to +aintain a +ini+u+ clearance of -2 ++ for 9i9es u9to 1// ++ dia+eter and -, ++ for 9i9es a.ove 1// ++ dia+eter. 1e+9 ;arn soa*ed in t6ic* ce+ent slurr0 s6all .e 9laced round t6e s9igot of eac6 9i9e and t6e s9igot 9laced 4ell 6o+e in t6e soc*et of t6e 9i9e 9reviousl0 laid. T6e 9i9e s6all .e t6en adCusted and fixed in t6e correct 9osition and t6e gas*et caul*ed tig6tl0 6o+e so as not to fill '+'

12.(.2.

2aterials .

12.(.2.1.

12.(.2.2.

12.(.2.-.

12.(.2.2.

12.(.-.

Fi7i0g .

12.(.-.1.

12.(.2.

Doi0ti0g .

12.(.2.1.

+ore t6an one fourt6 of t6e total de9t6 of t6e soc*et. T6e re+ainder of t6e annular a9ace .et4een t6e soc*et and t6e s9igot s6all t6en .e filled 4it6 a stiff +ixture of ce+ent +ortar in 9ro9ortion of one 9art of ce+ent and one 9art of sand. ?6en t6e soc*et is filled a fillest s6all .e for+ed round t6e Coint for+ing an angle of 25/ 4it6 t6e .arrel of t6e 9i9e. 12.(.2.1.1. 12.(.5. Testi0g . 12.(.5.1. T6e ne4l0 +ade Coint s6all .e *e9t 9rotected until set and t6en da+9 cured. T6e 9i9es@ fittings and t6e Coints s6all .e tested for lea*ages. An0 defect noticed s6all .e got rectified. All t6e ex9osed C.I. 9i9es and fittings s6all .e given t4o coats of Alu+iniu+ 9aint. Alternativel0 if so desired t6ese s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 t4o coats of oil 9aint of a99roved s6ade. T6e 9i9e 4or* s6all .e +easured in running +etres@ stating t6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e and s6all include for fixing of 6older .ats@ cutting t6e 4all and +a*ing t6e sa+e good. Accessories suc6 as .ends@ Cunctions@ s6oes@ rain 4ater 6eads etc@ s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

12.(.(.

Pai0ti0g .

12.(.(.1.

12.(.).

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.(.).1.

12.(.).2.

'+(

1'.,. ASBESTOS CE2ENT B I!"IN# PIPES AN" ACCESSORIES. 12.).1. Scope . 12.).1.1 T6e s9ecification covers t6e Dualit0 of As.estos Ce+ent .uilding 9i9es and ot6er fittings and include for t6e +et6od of fitting@ Cointing and +ode of +easure+ent t6ereof. It does not include for A.C. 9ressure 9i9es. 12.).2. 2aterials . 12.).2.1 As.estos ce+ent .uilding 9i9es and fitting 6aving s+oot6 internal core and free fro+ rust@ 9itting and corrosion@ s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ent of I.'. 1(2( G'9ecifications for As.estos ce+ent .uilding 9i9es@ $utters and fittings@ G T6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e s6all .e as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings. Nor+all0 for different t09es of 4or*s t6e dia+eter s6all .e as under E>or rain4ater dis9osal >or soil dis9osal >or 4aste 4ater dis9osal >or vent and antisi96on 9ractice. >or rain4ater dis9osal >or soil dis9osal >or 4aste 4ater dis9osal >or vent and antisi96on 9ractice. 1// ++ : 15/ ++. 1// ++. (/ ++ to )5 ++. 5/ to (5 ++. 1// ++ : 15/ ++. 1// ++. (/ ++ to )5 ++. 5/ to (5 ++.

12.).2.2.

12.).2.-.

12.).2.2.

12.).-.

Fi7i0g .

12.).-.1.

T6e 9i9es s6all .e truel0 straig6t in align+ent and s6all .e finis6ed sDuare to t6eir axes. T6e access door fitting s6all .e of 9ro9er design so as not to for+ an0 cavit0 in 46ic6 filt6 +a0 accu+ulate. T6e access door s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 ru..er or ot6er insertion 9ac*ing and 46en closed and .olted@ s6all .e co+9letel0 4ater tig6t. Cla+9s E- T6e cla+9s for fixing t6e 9i9es to t6e 4all s6all .e of a99roved design and s6all fit closel0 round t6e 9i9e or accessor0 directl0 .eneat6 t6e soc*et. T6ese s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 alu+iniu+ 9aint. T6e A.C. .uilding 9i9es and accessories s6all .e arranged so as to give free access to t6e full external face. T6e 6older.at

'++

12.).-.2.

12.).-.-.

12.).2.

Doi0ti0g .

12.).2.1.

12.).5.

S/o:e Test .

12.).5.1. 12.).5.2.

12.).(.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t I

12.).(.1.

12.).(.2.

cla+9s s6ould .e of suc6 a design so as to +aintain a +ini+u+ clearance of -2 ++ .et4een t6e surface of t6e 9i9es and t6e 4all. T6e 9i9es and accessories s6all .e fixed in 9osition .0 +eans of .rac*ets or 6older cla+9s 46ic6 s6all .e securel0 e+.edded in t6e 4all. >or vertical runs@ eac6 9i9e s6all 6ang freel0 on its .rac*et fixed Cust .elo4 t6e soc*et. >or 6oriBontal runs@ incor9orating 9i9es of 1., to 2.5 + <( to 1/ ft= lengt6@ an additional cla+9 s6all .e 9rovided at t6e centre. T6e align+ent of 9i9es and fittings s6all .e as s6o4n on t6e dra4ings or a directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e soil@ 4aste or vent 9i9es s6all .e carried u9 a.ove t6e roof .0 at least 1.5. +. and s6all 6ave co4l at t6e u99er ends. T6e s9igot s6all a.ut 4it6 t6e s6oulder of t6e soc*et leaving no s9ace in .et4een . T6e Coints of 9i9es and accessories s6all .e +ade 4it6 a gas*et of tarred ro9e caul*ed to a.out 2/--/ ++. in de9t6 filled and 9ointed 4it6 a stiff +ortar +ade 4it6 one 9art of ce+ent and t4o 9arts of clean sand. T6e Coint for+ed s6ould 46en set@ .e 9erfectl0 sound and gas tig6tI ta*ing care t6at no Cointing +aterial 9roCects inside t6e .ore of t6e 9i9e. ?6en so desired .0 t6e Engineer@ t6e entire 9i9e s0ste+ s6all .e tested .0 +eans of s+o*e test as s9ecified .elo4. '+o*e s6all .e 9u+9ed into t6e drains at t6e lo4est end@ fro+ a s+o*e +ac6ine 46ic6 consist of .ello4s and a .urner. T6e +aterial usuall0 .urnt is greas0 cotton 4aste@ 46ic6 for+s clear 9ungent s+o*e. T6e s+o*e s6all .e easil0 detected .0 sig6t as 4ell as .0 s+ell@ if t6ere is an0 lea* at an0 Coint of t6e drain. T6e 9i9e 4or* s6all .e +easured in running +etres@ stating t6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e and s6all include for fixing of necessar0 6older .at cla+9@ cutting t6e 4all and +a*ing good t6e sa+e. Accessories suc6 as .ends@ Cunctions@ s4annec*@ co4l@ s6oe@ rain4ater 6eads etc. s6all .e +easured se9aratel0.

'+,

1'.-. ASBESTOS CE2ENT # TTERS. 12.,.1. 2aterial . 12.,.1.1 As.estos Ce+ent gutters s6all .e of one of t6e gour t09es given .elo4 46ic6 are availa.le in different siBes. T6e siBe used s6all .e as 9er sc6edule of Huantities . T09es E<a= <.= <c= <d= 1alf round $utters . Ogee $utter. oundar0 or Eaves $utter. Valle0 $utter. T6ese s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. E 1(2( G'9ecification for As.estos Ce+ent .uilding 9i9es@ $utters and fittings.G 12.,.2. Fi0ish . 12.,.2.1. 12.,.2.2. T6e gutters s6all .e finis6ed sDuare to t6eir axes. T6e gutters s6all .e true and s+oot6. T6e0 s6all .e sound@ 6o+ogeneous and free fro+ i+9erfections and s6all .e free fro+ visi.le defects. 12.,.-. 12.,.2. Slope . Allo>a0ce 4or Shri0:age or E7pa0sio0 . 12.,.-.1. 12.,.2.1. T6e gutters s6all .e laid 4it6 a +ini+u+ slo9e of 1 in 5/. !9to -/ + lengt6 of gutters t6ere is no need of 9roviding an0 allo4ance for ex9ansion or s6rin*age. >or lengt6s over -/ + an allo4ance of 1 ++ 9er +etre lengt6 of gutter s6all .e 9rovided for ex9ansion. 'oc*et of gutters s6all .e su99orted 4it6 a .rac*et close to t6e soc*et and ont in t6e centre of t6e gutter as 9er #rg. No. 12.,.1. 3lain ended gutters s6all .e su99orted 4it6 a .rac*et on eit6er side of union cli9. >or large section gutters one extra su99orting .rac*et s6all .e 9rovided in t6e centre of t6e gutter as 9er #rt. No. 12.,.2.

12.,.5.

Fi7i0g .

12.,.5.1.

12.,.5.2.

'+-

12.,.5.-.

rac*ets s6all .e of +ild steel flats. >lats s6all .e .ent to t6e s6a9e of t6e gutter. T6e free end of .rac*et s6all .e 6oo*ed to t6e 9urlin as s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.,.1. and 12.,.2. $utters and accessories to .e Cointed s6all .e 9erfectl0 dr0. T6e 9art of t6e gutter and accessor0 to .e Cointed s6all .e t6oroug6l0 cleaned. T6e $eneral arrange+ent of Cointing is indicated in #rg. No. 12.,. -. : 12.,.2. ( ++. <LG= dia+eter As.estos ro9e s+eared 4it6 9lastic roofing co+9ound s6all .e 9laced on 6ot6 sides of t6e soc*et or union cli9 u9to 12 ++ <MG= inside fro+ t6e edge@ along its inner contour. T6e s9ace .et4een t6e ro9es s6all .e filled 4it6 9lastic roofing co+9ound and s6all .e levelled 4it6 a 9iece of 4ood or t6e edge of a tro4el of t6e 6eig6t of t6e ro9e. In case of s9igot and soc*et gutters@ s9igot end of t6e next gutter or accessor0 s6all .e 9laced 4it6in t6e 9re9ared soc*et. In case of 9lain ended gutters@ gutters and accessories s6all .e 9laced in 9osition 4it6 1.5 ++ <1N1(G= s9ace .et4een t6e .utt Coints and t6e 9re9ared union cli9 s6all .e fixed under-neat6 t6e .ut Coint. >ro+ t6e inside of t6e gutters , ++ <5N1(G= dia+eter $.I. sea+ .olts s6all .e inserted in t6e read0 drilled 6oles 4it6 a .itu+en 4as6er adCacent to t6e gutter and a $.I. flat 4as6er over it. On t6e outside of t6e gutter a .itu+en 4as6er next to t6e gutter 4it6 $.I. 4as6er on to9 of it s6all .e inserted and t6en it s6all .e secured 4it6 a nut. T6is +et6od s6all .e ado9ted for .ot6 t09e of gutters as s9ecified a.ove in 12.,.(.2. and 12.,.(.5. T6e .olts s6all .e so 9ositioned t6at t6e .itu+en 4as6ers are correctl0 centred on t6e 6ole in t6e gutter as also on t6e union cli9 soc*et.

12.,.(.

Doi0ti0g .

12.,.(.1.

12.,.(.2.

12.,.(.-.

12.,.(.2.

12.,.(.5.

12.,.(.(.

12.,.(.).

'+5

12.,.(.,.

Nuts s6all .e tig6tened evenl0. Over tig6tening of nuts +a0 da+age t6e gutter or accessor0. All 9lastic roofing co+9ound t6at esca9es fro+ t6e Coint s6all .e cleaned off. After t6e co+9lete gutter line 6as .een fixed in 9osition all .rac*ets s6all .e adCusted to give a unifor+ slo9e to4ards t6e gutter outlets. After t4o or t6ree 4ee*s all nuts s6all .e tested for tig6tness. T6e gutter line s6all .e tested or 4ater tig6tness after Cointing. All outlets s6all .e 9lugged and t6e entire lengt6 of t6e gutter line s6all .e filled 4it6 4ater. "ong runs s6all .e divided into sections for testing . ?ater s6all .e allo4ed to stand for 22 6ours in t6e gutter line. All Coints all .e t6oroug6l0 c6ec*ed. T6e gutters s6all .e grou9ed according to s6a9e and siBe and +easured for t6e finis6ed lengt6 and s6all include 6olding .rac*ets@ union cli9s@ dro9 ends@ sto9 ends etc. co+9lete including fixing .

12.,.(.5.

12.,.(.1/. 12.,.). Testi0g . 12.,.).1.

12.,.,.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.,.,.1.

',6

',1

1'.5. !EA" PIPES. 12.5.1. 2aterials . 12.5.1.1 All lead 9i9es s6all .e 60draulic dra4n and s6all .e sound@ free fro+ la+ination and fla4s. T6e0 s6all .e c0lindrical@ s+oot6 and unifor+ in section 4it6 unifor+ 4all t6ic*ness. "ead 9i9es@ if s9ecified to .e used for drains s6all not 4eig6 less t6an t6e follo4ing E?eig6t of 9i9e in 7g. 3er +. -.)/ 2.2/ ).2/ ,.,, 5.(2 1/.55 1-.(1 1(.2,

12.5.1.2.

#ia+eter of 9i9e in ++. -2 -, 5/ )5 ,, 1// 125 15/

12.5.1.-

"ead 9i9es@ if s9ecified to .e used for 4ater su99l0 s6all not 4eig6 less t6an t6e follo4ing E?eig6t of 9i9e in 7g. 3er +. -.)/ 5.1, (.(( ,.51 1/.-(

#ia+eter of 9i9e in ++. 12 2/ 25 -2 -,

12.5.1.2.

!nless ot6er4ise s9ecified@ "ead 9i9es s6all not .e used for 4ater su99l0. T6e0 s6all .e uses for s6ort .ranc6 soil@ 4aste

',$

or vent connections if so s9ecified. 12.5.2. Doi0ti0g . 12.5.2.1. Aointing t4o lead 9i9es E- "ead 9i9es s6all .e Cointed .0 46at is called a G?i9ed solder CointG . T6e 9rocess of +a*ing 4i9ed Coint s6all .e as given .elo4 ET6e 9i9es s6all first .e straig6tened and t6e ends ras9ed 4it6 a file to +a*e t6e+ sDuare@ and t6en cleaned 4it6 4ire-.rus6. C6al* s6all t6en .e ru..ed to *ill t6e greas0 nature of t6e lead. A soc*et s6all t6en .e for+ed at one end .0 o9ening it out 4it6 a turn-9in and a +allet. A s9igot s6all .e +ade on t6e ot6er end of t6e ot6er 9i9e ta9ered for ( ++. <LG= .0 ras9ing it off to a feat6er edge so as to fit in - ++. <1N,G= into t6e .ell +out6 of t6e soc*et. T6e next o9eration s6all .e to cover .ot6 t6e ends for a distance of a.out 1, c+ <)G= or 2/ c+ <,G= 4it6 9lu+.er8s .lac*. T6is s6all 9revent t6e solder fro+ ad6ering to t6e 9i9e 46ere it is not reDuired . After t6e 9lu+.er8s .lac* 6as dried@ t6e lengt6 of t6e Coint as given in t6e follo4ing ta.le s6all .e +ar*ed on t6e 9i9e.

12.5.2.1.1.

12.5.2.1.2.

12.5.2.1.-.

12.5.2.1.2.

'iBe. 12 ++ <MG= 2/ ++ <KG= 25 ++ <1G= -2 ++ <1LG= -, ++ <1MG= 52 ++ <2G= )5 ++ <-G= 1// ++ <2G=

"engt6 of Aoint <%ini+u+= 55 ++ <2LG= (/ ++ <2MG= )/ ++ <2KG= )/ ++ <2KG= )/ ++ <2KG= )5 ++ <-G= )5 <-G= ,/ ++ <-LG=

12.5.2.1.5.

T6e lengt6 of t6e Coint as +ar*ed on t6e 9i9es s6all t6en .e scra9ed clean of t6e ',%

9lu+.er8s .lac*@ 4it6 a s6ave6oo*. Tallo4 s6all t6an .e a99lied to t6e surface so scra9ed. 12.5.2.1.(. T6e s9igot end s6all t6en .e fir+l0 fixed into t6e soc*et. >or under6and 4i9ed solder Coints@ a stout .ro4n 9a9er s6all t6en .e 9laced .elo4 t6e Coint to 9ic* u9 t6e solder. >or u9rig6t Coints@ instead of .ro4n 9a9er@ a collar of lead s6eet cut to s6a9e to for+ a sort of funnel s6all .e tied round t6e 9i9e a little .elo4 t6e Coint and 9ainted 4it6 9lu+.er8s .lac* on .ot6 sides. It s6all .e re+oved after t6e Coint is +ade .0 4i9ing. T6e +olten solder @ an allo0 co+9osed of - 9arts of tin and ) 9arts of lead s6all t6en .e 9oured in a t6in strea+ fro+ aladdle+oved in an elli9tical direction over t6e Coint 9osition including a 9ortion of t6e 9i9e at eac6 end u9to t6e +ar*. T6e Coint s6all t6en .e 4i9ed off 4it6 a 9ad of 4i9ing clot6 4it6 long continuous +ove+ents in one direction onl0 so as to leave a neatl0 for+ed elli9tical s6a9ed Coint. 'ur9lus solder re+aining on t6e Coint s6all .e re+oved 4it6 a tool. A finis6ed u9rig6t 4i9ed Coint is s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.5.1. Aointing .et4een lead 9i9e and cast iron or stone- 4are 9i9e- T6is s6all .e done .0 +eans of a .rass ferrule One end of t6e .rass ferrule s6all .e sli99ed into or over t6e lead 9i9e and Cointed to it .0 +eans of 4i9ed solder Coint@ as s9ecified in clause 1.25.2.1.T6e ot6er end of t6e ferrule s6all t6en .e inserted into .e Cointed. In t6e case of t6e for+er@ t6e Coint s6all .e +ade 4it6 +olten lead <"ead caul*ed= and in t6e case of t6e later 4it6 ce+ent +ortar as s9ecified for stone4are 9i9es. finis6ed Coints are s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.5.2. : 12.5.-. Aoint .et4een out-go of a ?.C. 9an and lead 9i9e E- T6e lead 9i9e s6all .e sli99ed into a .rass soc*et and Cointed to it .0 a 4i9ed solder Coint. T6e out -go of a ?.C. 9an s6all t6en .e inserted into t6e soc*et and Cointed .0 suing ce+ent +ortar as s9ecified in t6e case of stone4are 9i9e

12.5.2.1.).

12.5.2.1.,.

12.5.2.2.

12.5.2.-.

','

drains. 12.5.2.2. ranc6 Aoint of "ead 3i9es E- >or +a*ing a .ranc6 Coint a 6ole of a.out 12 ++ <MG= dia+eter s6all .e first 9ierced .0 a 9i9e-o9ener on t6e +ain 9i9e@ 46ic6 s6all t6en .e 4idened .0 a c6isel and a 6a++er@ for+ing at t6e sa+e ti+e a li9 on t6e +ain 9i9e. T6e end of t6e .ranc6 9i9e s6all .e ta9ered .0 a ras9 to for+ a good fit into t6e li9. T6e 9lu+.er8s .lac* s6all t6en .e a99lied@ and t6e 9art going into t6e Coint s6all .e s6aved. T6e Aointing s6all t6an .e done .0 follo4ing t6e sa+e 9rocedure as s9ecified in clause 12.5.2.1. All t6e Coints s6all .e 4ater tig6t@ air tig6t and s6all .e free fro+ tears@ .urrs@ strings or dro99ings. Testing of Coint s6all .e done .0 s+o*e test@ 46ic6 s6all .e done in a +anner s9ecified .elo4. '+o*e s6all .e 9u+9ed into t6e drains at t6e lo4est end fro+ a s+o*e +ac6ine 46ic6 consists of .ello4s and a .urner. T6e +aterials@ to .e used for .urning s6all .e greas0 cotton 4aste@ 46ic6 for+s clear 9ungent s+o*e so as to .e easil0 detecta.le .0 sig6t as 4ell as .0 s+ell@ if t6ere is an0 lea*age at an0 Coint of t6e drain. T6e lead 9i9es s6all .e +easured in running lengt6@ t6e dia+eter of t6e 9i9e .eing stated and s6all include 6olding cla+9s@ Cointing@ etc. co+9lete.

12.5.2.5.

12.5.-.

Testi0g o4 Doi0t . 12.5.-.1.

12.5.-.1.1.

12.5.2.

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

12.5.2.1.

',(

',+

C&APTER-1(- 2AN&O!ES AN" # !!* C&A2BERS. 1(.1 2AN&O!ES 15.1.1. Si;es o4 2a0holes 15.1.1.1 . T6e siBe of t6e +an6ole s6all .e denoted .0 t6e internal di+ensions of t6e +an6ole and s6all .e s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities@ or s6o4n in dra4ings@ >or t6e - standard t09es t6e siBe s6all .e as under ET09e #esign No. 1 s6allo4 u9to /., + de9t6 &ect. /.)5 +x /.)5 +. T09e design No. 2 #ee9 u9to 2.5 + de9t6 &ect 1.2 +x /.5 +. T09e design No. - Extra #ee9 2./ + de9t6 &ect. 1.2 +x 1.2 + or circular 1.2 + dia. A.ove t09e designs of +an6oles are s6o4n in #rg. No. 15.1.1. to 15.1.-. 15.1.2. E7ca8atio0 . 15.1.2.1. T6e +an6ole s6all .e excavated true to di+ensions and levels@ s6o4n on t6e 9lan@ unless ot6er-4ise directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e +an6oles s6all .e .uilt on a .ed of ce+ent concrete 1E2E, 4it6 +ax. siBe of aggregate as -, ++ < 1MG=. T6e t6ic*ness of .ed concrete s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E2i0/. Thic:0ess o4 =e3 co0crete. 1( c/. $( c/. %6 c/.

15.1.-.

Be3 Co0crete.

15.1.-.1.

"epth o4 2a0hole 6.- / a03 =elo> 6.- / to $.( / #reater tha0 $.( /.

%ini+u+ 9roCection of .ed concrete .e0ond t6e +asonr0 4all s6all .e 15 c+s. 15.1.2. 2aso0r1 Aor:. 15.1.2.1. T6e 4alls of t6e +an6ole s6all .e of stone +asonr0 of .ric* +asonr0 as s9ecified. ric* %asonr0 E- T6e .ric* 4or* s6all .e 4it6 second class .ric*s in ce+ent onrtar 1E( ric* 4or* in arc6es s6all .e 4it6 first or second class .ric*s in ce+ent ',,

15.1.2.1.1.

+ortar 1E-. ric* +asonr0 around t6e 9i9es s6all also .e 4it6 first or second class .ric*s in Ce+ent +ortar 1E- T6e Coints s6all .e +ade t6oroug6l0 lea*9roof. 15.1.2.1.2. 'tone %asonr0 E- It s6all .e rando+ ru..le stone +asonr0 in ce+ent +ortar 1E( 'tone +asonr0 in arc6es '6all .e in ce+ent +ortar 1E-. 'tone +asonr0 around t6e 9i9es s6all also .e in ce+ent +ortar 1E-. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e t6ic*ness of 4alls s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 ET6ic*ness for 'tone +asonr0 4all

15.1.5.

Thic:0ess o4 Aalls .

15.1.5.1.

#e9t6 of %an6ole

!9to 2.5 +. Over 2.5 + to 2./ +.

T6ic*ness for ric* %asonr0 ?all %etric Ot6er ric* ric* 2/ c+. 5G -/ c+. 1-MG

-/ c+. 2/ c+.

>or dee9er %an6oles@ t6e de9t6 s6all .e as s6o4n on dra4ings@ 15.1.(. Plaster I 15.1.(.1. T6e inside of t6e 4alls s6all .e 9lastered 4it6 ce+ent 9laster 1E- +ix. t6ic*ness of 46ic6 s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E12 ++ t6ic*. 2/ ++ t6ic*.

>or ric* 4or* E >or 'tone %asonr0 4or* E15.1.(.2.

In 4et ground @2/ ++ t6ic* ce+ent 9laster of t6e a.ove s9ecifications s6all .e carried on t6e outside surface of t6e 4all also. T6is 9laster s6all .e 4ater 9roofed 4it6 addition of 2.25 *g. <5".s= of 3udlo or ot6er additive to 25.5 7g. <1// ".s= of ce+ent or 4it6 addition of an0 ot6er efficient 4ater 9roofing co+9ound as s9ecified. T6e 9lastering s6all .e done u9to -/ c+s. a.ove t6e 4et soil line@ 46ic6 s6all al4a0s .e indicated on t6e dra4ings. T6e 4or* of 9lastering s6all .e done as 9er s9ecification No. 2./ for 9laster 4or*.

15.1.(.-.

',-

15.1.).

Poi0ti0g .

15.1.).1.

3ointing on outer face of 4alls s6all .e done 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E- in accordance 4it6 s9ecification No. (. Co9ing on t6e 4alls@ if s9ecified@ '6all .e of cut stone and s6all .e dressed to fit t6e cast iron fra+es for covers. T6e c6annels and .enc6ing s6all .e done in ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ <1E2E2= and rendered s+oot6 4it6 ce+ent sand +ortar 1E1

15.1.,.

Copi0g .

15.1.,.1.

15.1.5.

Be0chi0g .

15.1.5.1.

T6e follo4ing siBes of c6annels s6all .e ado9ted for .e ado9ted for .enc6ing unless ot6er4ise s9ecified E'iBe of t6e drain 1/ c+. 15 c+. 2/ c+. 25 c+. -/ c+. 2/ c+. 25 c+. 15.1.1/ . R.C.C. Aor: . #e9t6 at t6e centre 15 c+. 2/ c+. 25 c+. -/ c+. -5 c+. 25 c+. 5/ c+. 15.1.1/.1. #e9t6 of sides i.e. at 4alls 25 c+. -/ c+. -5 c+. 2/ c+. 25 c+. 55 c+. (/ c+.

&.C.C. 4or* for sla.s s6all .e in ce+ent concrete 1E2E2 4it6 suita.le steel reinforce+ent !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified . All t6e +an6oles /., + and dee9er s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 foot-rests. T6ese s6all .e of cast iron or %.'. sDuare rods 22++ x 22 ++ <)N,G x )N,G= and s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 coal tar or ot6er suita.le 9rotective coat. T6ese s6all .e e+.edded in t6e +asonr0 in ce+ent +ortar at least 2/ c+. 46ile t6e +asonr0 is in 9rogress. T6e rungs s6all .e set staggered in t4o vertical runs 46ic6 s6all .e 2/ c+ a9art 6oriBontall0 and -/ c+. a9art verticall0. T6e to9 rung s6all .e 25 c+. .elo4 t6e +an6ole cover and t6e lo4est not +ore t6an -/ c+. a.ove t6e .enc6ing. All t6e +an6ole c6a+.ers s6all .e 3rovided 4it6 air tig6t +an6ole covers. T6e fra+e and cover s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ents of I.'. 1)2( 46ic6

15.1.11 .

Ru0gs (4ootrests). 15.1.11.1.

15.1.12 .

2a0hole co8ers a03 4ra/es .

15.1.12.1.

',5

classifies t6e covers and fra+es into t6e follo4ing grades and t09es E<a= 1eav0 #ut0 E- #enoted .0 t6e letter 81#8 dou.le triangular solid t09e@ for use under 6eav0 ve6icular traffic conditions. Circular solid t09e +a0 also .e used@ if s9ecified .ut it is reco++ended t6at dou.le triangular 9attern s6all .e used as far as 9ossi.le. %ediu+ #ut0 E- #enoted .0 t6e letter 8%#8 rectangular solid t09e for use under lig6t traffic conditions@ suc6 as in foot9at6s@ carriage drives and c0cle trac*s. "ig6t #ut0E- #enoted .0 t6e letter 8"#8 rectangular for use in do+estic 9re+ises or ot6er 9laces 46ere t6e0 are not su.Cected to 46eeled traffic loads. %aterials E- %an6ole covers and fra+es s6all .e of cast iron of a Dualit0 not less t6an grade 1/ c of I.'. 21/. 'election E- %an6ole covers and fra+es s6all .e clearl0 cast and t6e0 s6all .e free fro+ air and sand 6oles@ cold s6uts and 4ar9ing 46ic6 are li*el0 to i+9air t6e utilit0 of t6e castings. Covers s6all 6ave a raised c6eDuered design on t6e to9 surface to 9rovide an adeDuate non sli9 gri9. Covers s6all fit closel0 into t6eir fra+es and s6all 9ossess sufficient .earing and 4eig6 to 9revent +ove+ent in t6eir seats under t6e action of traffic@ and s6all .e sufficientl0 strong to 4it6stand t6e +axi+u+ 46eel 9ressure and i+9act t6at is li*el0 to .e 9ut on t6e+. T6e 4eig6ts of %an6ole fra+es and covers s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e ta.le given .elo4 <as 9er I.'. 1)2(=. A tolerance of 2MG s6all .e 9er+issi.le on t6e 4eig6ts E-

<.=

<c=

15.1.12.2.

15.1.12.2.1 .

15.1.12.2.2 . 15.1.12.2..

15.1.12.2.2 .

'-6

Ats. o4 2a0hole 4ra/es a03 co8ers (I.S.. 1,$+) #ra3e &" &" 2" 2" !" T1pe "ou=le Tria0gular Circular Circular Recta0gular Recta0gular Si0gle Seal "ou=le Seal Clear ope0i0g //. (66 (+6 (66 (+6 (66 (+6 P P >t. o4 co8er 9g. 111'6 111'6 (+' -6 $% $5 15.1.12.2.5 . 15.1.12.2.( . >t.o4 4ra/e 9g. 111 11( 111 11( (+' +' 1( $%

%an6ole covers 4it6 dou.le seal s6all .e sued near .uildings and 4it6in co+9ounds . T6e covers used in +an6oles on se4er lines s6all invaria.l0 .ear t6e 4ord G'e4erG on t6e to9 and t6ose used for stor+ 4ater trains s6all .ear t6e 4ord G'.?.#.G T6ese +ar*ings s6all .e done during casting of t6e covers. T6e fra+e of t6e +an6ole cover s6all .e e+.edded fir+l0 in 9lain concrete 1E2E, on t6e to9 of +asonr0 or on &.C.C. sla. as t6e case +a0 .e. After t6e co+9letion of t6e 4or*@ +an6ole covers s6all .e sealed .0 +eans of t6ic* +otor grease. All ex9osed surfaces of t6e fra+es and covers s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 coal tar or ot6er suita.le 9rotective coat. At t6e Cunction@ t6e cro4ns of all t6e drain 9i9es +eeting in t6e +an6ole s6all .e fixed in t6e sa+e level even t6oug6 9i9es .e of different dia+eters necessar0 slo9e .eing given in t6e invert of t6e +an6ole c6a+.er so as to avoid surc6arging of t6e +ain se4er. No drain fro+ 6ouse fittings e.g. gull0 tra9 or soil 9i9es ete. to +an6ole s6all exceed a lengt6 of (+@ unless it is unavoida.le.

15.1.12.2.) .

15.1.12.2., .

15.1.1.

!e8els o4 i08erts. 15.1.1-.1.

15.1.12 .

&ouse co00ectio0 15.1.12.1. .

'-1

15.1.15 .

Co00ectio0s to 2a0holes .

15.1.15.1.

All cutting in +asonr0 s6all .e done sDuare as far as 9ossi.le i.e. full .ric*s of stones <as t6e case +a0 .e= s6all .e re+oved. T6e 6oles left after connection@ s6all .e +ade good 4it6 ce+ent concrete 1E2E2 and 9lastered 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E-@ finis6ed 4it6 floating coat of neat ce+ent. T6e Coints s6all .e +ade lea* 9roof. In cases 46ere .ranc6 9i9e se4er enters t6e +an6ole on t6e 9i9e se4er at a 6ig6er level )5 c+s@ or +ore t6an t6e +ain se4er@ a dro9 connection s6all .e 9rovided. T6e 4or* s6all .e carried out according to t6e t09ical section s6o4n in #rg. No. 15.1-2. Cast iron 9i9es and s9ecials s6all confor+ to '9ecification No. 12.2. T6e 3i9es s6all .e fixed .0 1older .at cla+9s. Cast Iron ins9ection .end s6all .e fixed in 9osition at rig6t angles to t6e dro9 line at t6e level of t6e inlet-.ranc6 drain. T6e 9lain C.I. s6oe at .otto+ s6all .e fixed in t6e .enc6ing ce+ent concrete 1E2E2 so as to disc6arge into t6e c6annel. T6e Coints s6all .e lead caul*ed. %an6oles@ ins9ection C6a+.ers etc@. exceeding 2 + in de9t6 s6all .e +easured in accordance 4it6 +easure+ent rules for t6e various trades e.g. excavation@ concrete@ 9lastering@ +asonr0 etc. and s6all .e 9aid se9aratel0 for eac6 ite+ 4or*. %an6oles 2 + and under in de9t6 s6all .e classified in nu+.ers under t6ree different grou9s as follo4s ET09e design No. 1 s6allo4 u9to /., de9t6. T09e design No. 2 #ee9 /., + to 2.5 + de9t6. T09e desing No. - Extra dee9 2.5 + to 2./ + de9t6.

15.1.1( .

"rop co00ectio0

15.1.1(.1

15.1.1(.2.

15.1.1(.-.

15.1.1) .

2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

15.1.1).1.

15.1.1).2.

'-$

T6e ite+ s6all .e descri.ed stating t6e siBe and t6e de9t6 of t6e +an6ole or a reference s6all .e given to a detailed dra4ing in 46ic6 all t6e di+ensions s6all .e given. All drain connections@ c6annels and t6eir .enc6ings@ rungs s6all .e included 4it6 t6e ite+. %an6oles under eac6 classification s6all .e enu+erated se9aratel0. 15.1.1).-. 15.1.1).2. %an6ole covers and fra+e <4t. to .e stated= s6all .e a se9arate ite+. C.I. dro9 connections s6all .e enu+erated se9aratel0 stating t6e least de9t6 /.)5 +. In case of dee9er dro9s@ extra de9t6 s6all .e totalled u9 and it s6all .e +easured as an extra over t6e enu+erated ite+ and given in running +etres under se9arate ite+ follo4ing t6e +ain ite+.

'-%

'-'

'-(

'-+

'-,

15.2.1.

15.2.2. 15.2.-. 15.2.2.

15.2.5. 15.2.(.

15.2.).

15.2.,.

1(.$ ROA" # !!* C&A2BER. Si;e o4 15.2.1.1 T6e +asonr0 c6a+.er s6all .e 5// ++ x 25/ ++ x (// ++ dee9 internal siBe. Cha/=er . T6is s6all .e .uilt in accordance 4it6 t6e #rg. No. 15.2.1. E7ca8atio0 . 15.2.2.1. T6e excavation s6all .e done true to t6e di+ensions and levels s6o4n in t6e dra4ing or as directed .0 t6e Engineer. Be3 Co0crete . 15.2.-.1. T6e foundation concrete s6all consist of 15 c+ t6ic* ce+ent concrete 1E5E1/. 2aso0r1 Aor:. 15.2.2.1. T6e 4alls of t6e c6a+.er s6all .e eit6er of &ando+ ru..le stone +asonr0 in ce+ent sand +ortar 1E( or li+e +ortar or in first class .ric* laid in ce+ent +ortar 1E(. Thic:0ess o4 15.2.5.1. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified t6e t6ic*ness Aalls. of 4alls s6all .e 25 c+s. for stone +asonr0 and 2/ c+ for .ric* 4or*. Plaster . 15.2.(.1. T6e inside of t6e 4alls and .otto+ s6all .e 9lastered 4it6 ce+ent 9laster 1E- +ix. T6ic*ness of 46ic6 s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E>or ric* 4or*------------12 ++ t6ic* <MG= >or 'tone +asonr0 4or*-------2/ ++ t6ic* <KG= and t6e 4alls and .otto+ s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 a floating coat of neat ce+ent . C.I. #rati0g . 15.2.).1. T6e grating and fra+e s6all .e of toug6 6o+ogeneous cast iron siBe 5// ++ x 25/ ++ <inside=. 'o as to fit on to9 c6a+.er. It s6all .e fixed on t6e to9 of t6e +asonr0 4alls in 15 c+. T6ic* ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ <1E2E2=. T6e a99roxi+ate 4eig6t of $ull0 grating including fra+e s6all .e )5 7g. T6e grating cover s6all .e 6inged to t6e fra+e to facilitate its o9ening for cleaning and re9airs. 15.2.).2. After t6e co+9letion of t6e 4or*@ t6e ex9osed surfaces of t6e grating and t6e fra+e s6all .e 9ainted 4it6 coal tar. 2o3e o4 15.2.,.1. $ull0 c6a+.ers s6all .e +easured in 2easure/e0t . nu+.ers and it s6all include for all ite+s s9ecified a.ove.

'--

'-5

C&APTER -1+-SEPTIC TAN9 AN" SEEPA#E PIT 1+.1 SEPTIC TAN9. 1(.1.1.1 T6e siBe of t6e se9tic tan* s6all .e denoted .0 t6e internal di+ensions of t6e se9tic tan*. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified or s6o4n in dra4ings@ t6e se9tic tan* s6all .e constructed in accordance 4it6 t6e t09e designs s6o4n in dra4ing No. 1(.1.1. T6e di+ensions of t6e se9tic tan* s6all .e as 9er ta.le given for a nu+.er of users not exceeding 5/. T6e t09e design to .e used s6all .e as s9ecified in t6e sc6edule of Duantities. TAB!E -1 T1pe No. o4 users. ( 16 1( $6 (6 !e0gth i0 /. 1.( $.6 $.6 $.% '.6 Brea3th i0 /. 6.,( 6.5 6.5 1.1 1.' !i<ui3 3epth i0 /. 1.66 1.66 1.%6 1.%6 1.%6 Free =oar3 i0 c/s. %6 %6 %6 %6 %6

1(.1.1.

Si;e o4 Septic Ta0:

A B C " E

1(.1.1.2.

1(.1.2.

E7ca8atio0 .

1(.1.2.1.

1(.1.-.

Be3 Co0crete .

1(.1.-.1.

NoteE- T6is ta.le is .ased on t6e assu+9tion t6at t6e sludge is re+oved at an interval of one 0ear. If t6e nu+.er of users exceed 5/@ t6e construction@ of se9tic tan* s6all .e carried out in accordance 4it6 t6e dra4ings enclosed 4it6 t6e sc6edule of Duantities. T6e se9tic tan* s6all .e excavated true to di+ensions and levels s6o4n on t6e 9lan@ unless ot6er4ise directed .0 t6e Engineer. T6e se9tic tan* s6all .e uilt on a .ed of ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ <1E2E2= 4it6 +axi+u+ siBe of aggregate as 2/ ++. T6e t6ic*ness of .ed concrete s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E"iDuid #e9t6 in t6e tan*---------%in+. t6ic*ness of .ed concrete. !9to 1.5. +.i.e. T09e A to E a.ove .15 c+. a.ove 1.5 + and u9to 2 +------25 c+. %ini+u+ 9roCection of .ed concrete '56

1(.1.2.

2aso0r1 Aor:.

1(.1.2.1.

1(.1.2.2.

1(.1.2.-.

1(.1.5.

Thic:0ess o4 Aalls.

1(.1.5.1.

.e0ond t6e +asonr0 4all s6all .e 15 c+. T6e 4alls of t6e se9tic tan* s6all .e of stone +asonr0 or .ric* +asonr0@ as s9ecified. ric* %asonr0 E- T6e .ric* 4or* s6all .e 4it6 second class .ric*s in ce+ent +ortar 1E(. 'tone %asonr0 E- It s6all .e rando+ ru..le stone +asonr0 in ce+ent +ortar 1E(. !nless ot6er4ise s9ecified @ t6e t6ic*ness of outer 4alls s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 Eric* %asonr0 'tone %asonr0 ?all <+etric 4all .ric*s= 2/ c+. -/ c+. -/ c+ 2/ c+.

#e9t6 of 'e9tic Tan* !9to 2 + deat6 a.ove 2 + de9t6

1(.1.(.

Plaster .

T6e .affle 4alls s6all .e of .ric* +asonr0 4it6 t6e t6ic*ness of 4all eDual to 1/ c+. Note ET6e de9t6 of se9tic tan* s6all +ean t6e inside total de9t6 a.ove t6e .otto+ of t6e tan*@ +easured at t6e inlet face of t6e 4all. T6is includes t6e liDuid de9t6 and t6e free .oard. 1(.1.(.1. T6e inside of t6e 4alls and floor s6all .e 9lastered 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E- +ix@ t6e t6ic*ness of 46ic6 s6all .e as s9ecified .elo4 E>or .ric* 4or*-------12 ++ t6ic*. >or stone 4or*------2/ ++ t6ic* 1(.1.(.2. In 4et ground@2/ ++ t6ic* ce+ent 9laster of t6e a.ove s9ecification s6all .e carried on t6e outside surface of 4alls also. T6e 9laster s6all .e 4ater 9roofed 4it6 addition of 5 l.s. of 3uddle or ot6er a99roved 4ater 9roofing co+9ound to 1// l.s. of ce+ent. T6e 9lastering s6all .e done u9to -/ c+s. a.ove t6e 4et soil line 46ic6 s6all .e indicated on t6e dra4ings. Ever0 se9tic tan* s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 ventilating 9i9e of atleast 5/ ++. dia+eter. T6e to9 of t6e 9i9e s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a suita.le cage of 4ire '51

1(.1.).

Ee0tilati0g Pipe. 1(.1.).1.

1(.1.).2.

1(.1.,. 1(.1.5.

Poi0ti0g . R.C.C. Aor:.

1(.1.,.1. 1(.1.5.1.

+es6. T6e ventilating 9i9e s6all extend to a 6eig6t of 2 +. 46en t6e se9tic tan* is atleast 15 +. a4a0 fro+ t6e nearest .uilding and to 6eig6t of 2 +. a.ove t6e to9 of t6e .uilding 46en it is located closer t6an 15 +etres. T6e ventilating 9i9e +a0 also .e connected to t6e nor+al ventilating s0ste+ of t6e .uilding 46ere so desired. 3ointing on t6e outer face of t6e 4alls s6all .e done 4it6 ce+ent +ortar 1E-. &.C.C. 4or* for sla.s s6all .e in ce+ent concrete of grade % 15/ <1E2E2E= . T6e +ini+u+ t6ic*ness of sla. and steel reinforce+ent s6all .e as given .elo4@ unless ot6er4ise s9ecified or s6o4n in dra4ings. T6e 4or* s6all .e carried out in s+all sla.s@ fine 9er+its at t6e edges and t6e end 9iece 9rovided 4it6 6andles for lifting . 'teel &einforce+ent 1/ ++ at 15 c+ Nc 1/ ++ at 1/ c+ cNc

Clear s9an of sla. E One +etre and less. a.ove one +etre and u9to 2 +etres. 1(.1.1/ . 1(.1.11 . 2a0hole Co8er a03 Fra/e . 2o3e o4 2easure/e0t .

T6ic*ness of sla. E 1/ c+s. 1/ c+s. 1(.1.1/.1.

1(.1.11.1.

1(.1.11.2. 1(.1.11.-.

All t6e a.ove ite+s of 4or* s6all .e carried out in accordance 4it6 I.'. s9ecification of eac6 4or*. >or se9tic t6an*s given in ta.le 1@ clause 1(.1.1. t6ere s6all .e one ite+ for t6e construction of t6e se9tic tan* co+9lete in all res9ects in accordance 4it6 t6e s9ecifications laid do4n a.ove. Ventilating 9i9e in excess of 2 + lengt6 s6all .e 9aid extra. 'e9tic tan*s designed for +ore t6an 5/ users and not covered under clause 1(.1.1. ta.le 1@ s6all .e +easured for different ite+s of 4or* e.g. excavation@ .ed concrete@ +asonr0 4or* &.C.C. 4or* etc. and s6all .e 9aid as 9er rate for eac6 ite+ se9aratel0.

'5$

'5%

1(.2.1.

Seepage Pit >ith Aalls .

1(.2.2.

Seepage Pit Aithout Aalls .

1(.2.-.

"i/e0sio0s .

1(.2.2.

2easure/e0t ? Rates .

1+.$ SEEPA#E PIT. 1(.2.1.1 T6e see9age 9it 4it6 o9en Coints 4all and roof s6all .e lined 4it6 stone@ .ric* or concrete .loc*s 4it6 dr0 o9en Coint 46ic6 s6all .e .ac*ed 4it6 at least ).5 c+. of clean coarse aggregate. T6e lining a.ove t6e inlet level s6all .e finis6ed 4it6 +ortar < 'ee #rg. No. 1(.2:1.= 1(.2.1.2. T6e 9it s6all .e filled in .et4een 4alls 4it6 stone .oulders or .ric* .ats@ gravel@ coarse sand etc. In case of 9its of large di+ensions t6e u99er 9ortion s6all .e narro4ed to reduce t6e siBe of sla.s. 1(.2.1.-. Ever0 9it s6all .e covered at to9 4it6 suita.le &.C.C. or stone sla.s. 1(.2.2.1. T6e see9age 9it 4it6out 4alls s6all .e excavated 4it6 out4ard slo9ing sides@ and it s6all .e filled 4it6 .oulders@ over .urnt .ric*s@ .last furnace slag@ gravel@ sand etc. in suc6 a 4a0 so as to leave enoug6 voids in .et4een t6e la0ers. T6ese .oulders etc. s6all .e laid in t6e for+ of an inverted filter. No structural roof s6all .e constructed. T6e .oulders@ gravel and sand s6all .e so laid t6at no gases can exca9e to to9 and see9age 9it s6all .e covered .0 natural soil at to9. <'ee #rg. No. 1(.2-2=. 1(.2.-.1. T6e 9it s6all .e of +ini+u+ 5/ c+. dia+eter for ra9id a.sor9tion soils@ 1.2 + for +ediu+ a.sor9tion soils@ and it is 9refera.le to construct t4in set of +ini+u+ siBe in case of slo4 a.sor9tive soils so t6at one is in use 46ile t6e ot6er is dr0ing u9. T6e de9t6 s6all not .e less t6an 1./ + .elo4 t6e invert level of t6e inlet 9i9e. 1(.2.-.2. T6e .otto+ of see9age 9it s6all not .e less t6an 1/ + a.ove t6e 4ater ta.le. 1(.2.-.-. T6e distance .et4een t6e t4o see9age 9its s6all not .e less t6an t6e tree ti+es t6eir dia+eters. T6is is to affect 9ro9er a.sor9tion of effluent .0 t6e soil. 1(.2.-.2. T6e effluent fro+ t6e se9tic tan* s6all .e led in a 9i9e of 1// ++. dia+eter to 9our its contents in t6e centre of 9it. 1(.2.2.1. >or see9age 9its@ t6ere s6all .e one ite+ for t6e construction co+9lete in all res9ects in accordance 4it6 t6e s9ecifications laid do4n a.ove stating t6e t09e of construction.

'5'

'5(

E)P!ANATOR* NOTES
FOR B I!"IN#

'5+

1+.% "ISPERSION TRENC& . 1(.-.1. #is9ersion trenc6es s6all .e 5/ to 1// c+. dee9 and -/ to 1// c+. 4ide excavated to a slig6t gradient. T6ese s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 15 to 25 c+. of gravel or crus6ed stones . O9en Cointed 9i9es 9laced inside t6e trenc6 s6all .e +ade of unglaBed eart6en 4are cla0 or concrete and s6all 6ave a +ini+u+ dia. of )5 to 1// ++. Eac6 dis9ersion trenc6 s6all not .e longer t6an -/ +etres and t6e trenc6es s6all not .e 9laced closer t6an 2 +eteres. T6e 9i9es on to9 s6all .e covered 4it6 coarse aggregate to a de9t6 of 15 c+. T6e aggregate a.ove t6is level s6all .e graded 4it6 aggregates 12 to 5/ ++. < to 9revent ingress of to9 soil 46ile t6e free flo4 of 4ater is in no case retarded.= T6e trenc6 s6all t6en .e covered 4it6 -/ c+. ordinar0 soil. T6e finis6ed to9 surface s6all .e *e9t at least 15 c+. a.ove@ ground level to 9revent direct flooding of t6e trenc6 during rains. A t09ical s0ste+ of dis9ersion trenc6es i s6o4n in #rg. No. 1(.--1.

1(.-.2.

1(.-.-.

1(.-.2.

'5,

'5-

C&APTER -1-TI2BER 1.1 TI2BER . 1.1.1. "e4i0itio0 a03 ses . 1.1.1..1. ?ood as +aterial for Coiner0 and car9entar0 often in converted for+ is called ti+.er. It is an essential 9art of .uilding construction and is used for doors@ 4indo4s@ furniture@ ca.inet +a*ing etc. >or structural 9ur9oses li+.er is used in for trusees@ 9iles@ 9artition 4alls@ te+9orar0 .ridges etc. It is one of t6e +ost versatile of .uilding +aterials. Ti+.er is availa.le in a large variet0 of different s9ecies and details of t6e s9ecies used for structural 9ur9oses are given in Ta.le I of I.'.I. ,,-. T6is ta.le also indicates t6e dura.ilit0 of eac6 s9ecies. '9ecies of Ti+.er for #oors and ?indo4s 9ur9oses are indicated in I.'. E 1//-. T6e s9ecies of ti+.er co++onl0 used in &aCast6an are Tea* <%.3.= 'al@ a.ul@ %ango@ C6ir@ '6is6u+@ #eodar@ etc. Classification .ased on dura.ilit0 E-

1.1.1.2.

1.1.2.

Species o4 ti/=er . 1.1.2.1.

1.1.2.2.

1.1.-.

Classi4icatio0 a03 1.1.-.1. groupi0g o4 ti/=ers o0 3ura=ilit1 a03 stre0gth . <a=

T6e dura.ilit0 of ti+.er de9end u9on its s9ecies and on t6e .asis of its average life it 6as .een classified into t6e follo4ing - classes. Ti+.er 6aving average life of 12/ +ont6s and over. Ti+.er 6aving average life of (/ to 115 +ont6s. Ti+.er 6aving life of 55 +ont6s and .elo4. T6e 6eart 4ood of s9ecies of class I t09e are dura.le and do not reDuire an0 9reservative treat+ent .ut sa94ood of all structural ti+er of class I@ II@ III '55

Class IF Class IIF Class IIIF <.=

s6ould .e treated. 1.1.-.2. <a= $rou9ing on 'trengt6 asis E#ifferent s9ecies of structural ti+.er can also .e grou9ed as under on t6e .asis of structural c6aracteristics@ na+el0@ +odulus of elasticit0 <E= and +odulus of &u9ture <ft.=
'u9er E ] 12(// 7gNC+2 >t ] 1,/

'tandard E ] 5,/// 7gNC+2 >t ] 12/ ] 12(// 7gNC+2 Ordinar0 E ] 5(/// 7gNC+2 >t ] ,5 ] 5,/// 7gNC+2

<.= 1.1.2. Reco//e03atio0 1.1.2.1. o4 use o4 structural ti/=er .1.1.2.2. <a= <i=

T6e grou9 of eac6 s9ecies 6as .een indicated in I.'. ,,-. On t6e .asis of strengt6 and dura.ilit0@ t6e s9ecies are reco++ended for use in various situations na+el0 as first c6oice and 'econd c6oice for 9er+anent structures and in te+9orar0 structures. '9ecies for 9er+anent structures . >irst C6oice E Naturall0 dura.le ti+.er class I ti+.er. 1eart 4oods of t6ese s9ecies do not reDuire an0 9reservative treat+ent. %oderatel0 dura.le or non dura.le .ut can .e easil0 treated .0 9reservative treat+ent . It include all t6e ti+.ers 46ic6 .elong to class II and class III .ut 46ose 6eart4oods can satisfactoril0 .e treated s9eciall0 in s+all t6ic*nesses u9to ( c+. T6ese can .e used for ti+.er trusses@ 6ollo4 ti+.er colu+ns@ ti+.er la+ella arc6es@ solid 4e. t09e ti+.er girders etc. ?6ere s+all di+ensioned ti+.er is e+9lo0ed. 'econd C6oice E %oderatel0 dura.le and not treata.le 46ose treata.ilit0 can .e i+9roved for (66

<ii=

<iii=

<.= <i=

s+all siBes <t6ic*ness u9to ( c+.= T6e clall II ti+.ers 46ose 6eart4oods 6a99en to .e non treata.le. T6ese can .e used in s+all t6ic*nesses u9to ( c+. and s9eciall0 for uses as uder significantl0 for ti+.er trusses colu+ns@ .ea+s etc. for residential .uildings@ factor s6eds@ industrial structures etc. T6ese s9ecies can .e treated under 9ressure i+9regnation and .e used for 9er+anent structures 6o4ever t6ese s9ecies s6all .e considered as second c6oice onl0 for 3er+anent structures . 1.1.2.-. <a= '9ecies for te+9orar0 structures ET6e class III ti+.ers 46ic6 can not .e satisfactoril0 treated. T6ese are reco++ended for te+9orar0 structures 46ere life of structure is not of 9ri+ar0 i+9ortance. An extract of ta.le IV of I.'. ,,concerning t6e s9ecies in use in &aCast6an is given in Ta.le I. #e9ending u9on t6e 9er+issi.le defects eac6 s9ecies of structural ti+.er can8.e divided into - grades na+el0 select $rade@ $rade 1 an $rade 2@ and ti+.er for doors and 4indo4s into t4o grades na+el0 $rade 1 and $rade 2. #etails of t6e 9er+issi.le defects are given in t6e .od0 of t6e s9ecification.

<.=

1.1.5.

#ra3i0g o4 ti/=er 1.1.5.1. .

(61

TAB!E -1 #roupi0g o4 ti/=ers 4or structural use '9ecies for 3er+anent 'tructures. >irst C6oce. Naturall0 dura.le 'econd C6oice %oderatel0 %oderatel0 dura.le and nondura.le or nontreata.le .ut ?1O'E dura.le .ut easil0 treata.ilit0 can .e i+9roved treata.le under for s+all siBes. <t6ic*ness u9 u9on tan* 9rocess. to ( c+= 2 $&O!3 '!3E& ---------------------------------$&O!3 'TAN#A&# a.ul --------------$&O!3 O&#INA&; ?6ite siris %ango 7ail C6air -----------------------Aa+un --------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. -. 2. lac* siris 'al <!.3.= 'al < %3.= Tea*. Nee+ #eodar Tea* <%.3.= -------------

(6$

1.$ SEASONIN# OF TI2BER. 1.2.1. "e4i0itio0 . 1.2.1.1. T6e 9rocess of dr0ing ti+.er under +ore or less controlled conditions is called seasoning. >res6l0 felled ti+.er contains a large Duantif0 of +oisture in +an0 caxes roug6l0 1// 9ercent@ .ased on oven dr0 4eig6t of 4ood t6oug6 in so+e lig6t ti+.ers it is even u9to 2// 9ercent. T6e +oisture content in ti+.er s6ould .e t6e eDuili.riu+ +oisture content 46ic6 is t6e +oisture content at 46ic6 ti+.er neit6er gains nor loss +oisture 46en su.Cected to a given constant condition of te+9erature and 6u+idit0@ and as suc6 t6e dr0ing of t6e ti+.er is reDuired 46ic6 s6ould .e done under controlled conditions to 9revent develo9+ent of defects 46ile dr0ing. It s6ould .e .orne in +ind t6at all ti+.er 46et6er tea* or ot6er s9ecies need 9ro9er seasoning in order to give satisfactor0 service. 'easoning i+9roves 4or*ing Dualities of 4ood including gluing@ 9ainting and 9olis6ing and a certain degree of 9rotection fro+ attac* .0 insects and fungus. It increases strengt6 and reduces 4eig6t for trans9ort 9ur9ose. Alt6oug6 t6ere are t4o distinct +et6ods in general use@ i.e. Air dr0ing and 7iln dr0ing@ air-dr0ing follo4ed .0 a 9eriod of 7iln-dr0ing gives t6e +ost Duic* and satisfactor0 results . Air 'easoning EAir dr0ing consists of 9iling 'a4n ti+.er into carefull0 arranged stac*s in t6e o9en or in t6e o9en s6ades@ so as to allo4 a flo4 of air to eva9orate t6e +oisture fro+ t6e faces of ti+.er. T6e stac*s are for+ed on a .ase a.out -/ c+ a.ove t6e ground and 9rotected fro+ sun and rain. Air dr0ing is a slo4 9rocess and is de9endent u9on 4eat6er conditions. In general@ it does not reduce +oisture in t6e ti+.er sufficientl0 for indoor use. >or t6ese reasons t6e accelerated +et6ods of (6%

1.2.2.

Necessit1 .

1.2.2.1.

1.2.-.

Seaso0i0g 2etho3s .

1.2.-.1.

<a= <i=

<ii=

7iln-dr0ing is often e+9lo0ed@ eit6er alternativel0 or additionall0. <.= <i= 7iln-'easoning E7iln-seasoning consists of eva9orating excess +oistur .0 9iling t6e ti+.er in an enclosed c6a+.er called a co+9art+ent 7iln@ in 46ic6 t6e te+9erature 6u+idit0 and air flo4 are controlled. !nifor+ dr0ing de9ends u9on a continual regulation of t6ese conditions. Teat is su99lied .0 'tea+ 6eated 9i9es and Coils@ and necessar0 to transfuse t6e +oisture in t6e 4ood and to eva9orate t6e 'urface +oisture. 1u+idit0 is increased .0 inCecting stea+ into t6e 7iln and is lo4ered .0 adCusting t6e ventilation. T6e degree of 6u+idit0 de9ends u9on t6e *ind of 4ood .eing dried@ t6e te+9erature of t6e 7iln@ and t6e stage of dr0ing . A 6ig6 6u+idit0 is necessar0 at first to 9revent t6e surfaces fro+ dr0ing too ra9idl0. T6e final +ositure content to 46ic6 ti+.er s6ould .e seasoned .efore use de9ends u9on service reDuire+ents of t6e finis6ed article and t6e cli+ate conditions of t6e localit0 46ere it is to .e used. T6e +axi+u+ 9er+issi.le +oisture content to 46ic6 ti+.er s6ould .e seasoned for different 9ur9oses in various cli+atic Bones in t6e countr0 is given in Ta.le I.

1.2.2.

2oisture Co0te0t 1.2.2.1. o4 Seaso0e3 Ti/=er 4or "i44ere0t ses .-

(6'

TAB!E -1 2a7i/u/ Per/issi=le 2oisture Co0te0t o4 Ti/=er 4or "i44ere0t ses.!se 1 2 2 5 ( ) ea+s and &afters. #oors and ?indo4s. >looring stri9s for general 9ur9oses >looring stri9s for tea gardens >urniture and Ca.inet +a*ing 1andles 3attern %a*ing %oisture content 9ercent Oone I Oone II 12 12 1/ 12 , 1/ 12 1/ 12 , 12 12 12 1/

GONES .GONE I .-

T6e countr0 6as .een .roadl0 divided into four Oones on t6e .asis of t6e seasonal c6anges in t6e +oisture. #r0 area@ 6aving an annual rainfall .elo4 5// ++. covering nort6ern 9art of Aa++u and 7as6+ir @4estern 9art of &aCast6an@ 7utc6@ 'out6-?est of 3unCa. <India=and a s+all area in %0sore. %oderatel0 dr0 area@ 6aving an annual rainfall of 5// to 1/// ++. covering 9art of A6elu+ Valle0 and ot6er 'i4ali*s of Aa++u and 7as6+ir@ 3art of 1i+ac6al 3rades6@ +aCor 9ortion of 3unCa. <India= &aCast6an@ and %ad60a- 3rades6@ ?estern !ttar 3rades6@ +ain 9art of And6ra@ eastern 9art of %0sore@ o+.a0 and %adras excluding .elts along t6e coasts. 1.2.5.1. Ti+.er is lia.le to deterioration fro+ a nu+.er of causes a+ongst 46ic6 are fungus insects and +arine .orers. Ti+.er in a dr0 and 4ell ventilated 9lace or continuousl0 su.+erged under fres6 4ater 4ill last indefinitel0. ?6en su.Cected to alternate dr0 and 4et conditions or used in dar*@ da+9 and unventilated 9ositions@ it deteriorated ver0 soon. 3reservatives are used to 9rotect ti+.er against deterioration due to fungi and attac*s of ter+ites@ .orers and +arine organis+@ T09e of 3reservation EOil T09es E- Consisting of coal tar creosote or 6eav0 creosote. T6e advantages of using creosote as a 4ood

GONE II.-

1.2.5.

"eca1 a03 Preser8atio0 o4 Ti/=er .-

<a= <i=

(6(

9reservative are t6at it is an indigenous 9roduct 4it6 6ig6 toxicit0@ it 6as relativel0 6ig6 9er+anence and is noncorrosive. Creosote is@ 6o4ever@ not clean to 6andle@ 6as an un9leasant odour@ and t6e ti+.er treated 4it6 it is difficult to .e 9ainted. <ii= Organic 'olvent T09e E- 3reservatives are used after dissolving t6e+ in a suita.le organic solvent li*e solvent na96t6a@ and 9etroliu+ 9roducts suc6 as *erosene and 46ite s9irit. T6e c6oice of t6e solvent de9ends on t6e solu.ilit0 of t6e 9reservative and t6e use to 46ic6 t6e treated ti+.er is to .e 9ut. T6ese 9reservatives are clean to 6andle and are 9er+anent. In %ost cases ti+.er treated 4it6 t6e+ can .e 9ainted@ 4axed or 9olis6ed. As so+e of t6e solvents are infla++a.le@ care is necessar0 in 6andling t6e solutions@ and t6e 9reservatives s6all .e a99lied cold. ?ater 'olu.le 8 "eac6a.le8 t09e E3reservatives are inorganic or organic salts solu.le in 4ater. T6e0 are co+9arativel0 inex9ensive@ eas0 to trans9ort and odourless exce9t for 'odiu+ 3entrac6o-loro9lunate and involve little fire 6aBard. Ti+.er treated 4it6 t6ese 9reservatives can .e 9ainted or varnis6ed 46en dr0. T6ese 9reservatives@ 6o4ever are su.Cect to leac6ing i.e. t6e a+ount of 9reservatives in t6e treated ti+.er gets graduall0 de9leted o4ing to t6e dissolving effect of 4ater. T6is leac6ing of t6e 9reservative can .e to so+e extent@ +ini+iBed if a 4ater9roof 9aint coating is a99lied on t6e treated ti+.er and is 9ro9erl0 +aintained. ?ater solu.le 8fixed8 t09e I- 3reservatives consist of +ixtures of various salts descri.ed under 4it6 t6e addition of a fixative salt@ usuall0 sodiu+ dic6ro+ate. T6e effect of c6ro+iu+ is to fix t6e toxic ele+ent arsenic@ co99er@ Binc@ etc. in t6e 4ood so t6at t6e toxic ele+ent arsenic@ co99er@ Binc@ etc. in t6e 4ood so t6at t6e toxic salts .eco+e difficult to leac6 .0 t6e action of 4ater. It is 6o4ever@ necessar0 t6at t6e treated ti+.er .e

<iii=

<iv=

(6+

allo4ed to dr0 for - to ( 4ee*s to co+9lete t6e fixBtion 9rocess. 'uc6 treated ti+.er@ t6erefore can .e used for out side location and unli*e creosoted ti+.er@ it can also .e 9ainted over. T6ese 9reservatives s6all .e a99lied cold as t6e0 are lia.le to get 9reci9itated 46en treated due to interaction 4it6 certain 4ood constituents. 1.2.(. 2etho3 o4 treat/e0t . <a= <i= 'urface a99lication ET6is is done eit6er .0 .rus6@ s9ra0 or di99ing in t6e 9reservative solution for a s6ort 9eriod.>or t6is treat+ent ti+.er @ if in rounds@ is de.ar*ed t6oroug6l0. >or t6e oil t09e 9reservatives@ t6e +oisture content in ti+.er s6all not exceed 12 9ercent. At least 2 coats s6ould .e a99lied@ t6e second and su.seDuent coats s6ould onl0 .e a99lied 46en t6e first 6as dried or soa*ed into t6e 4ood. ?6ere 9ractica.le t6e treat+ent is done 6ot@ surface treat+ent 6as a li+ited sco9e@ and is used +ostl0 +ostl0 for treating +aterial at site and for retreat+ent of cut surfaces. 'oa*ing treat+ent ET6e ti+.er is de.ar*ed t6oroug6l0@ and t6e treat+ent is carried out .0 su.+erging t6e ti+.er in t6e 9reservative solution for a sufficient long 9eriod until t6e reDuired a.sor9tion of t6e 9reservative is o.tained. 1ot and Cold 9rocess ET6e ti+.er is su.+erged in t6e 9reservative solution 46ic6 is t6en 6eated to a.out 5// C and +aintained at t6is te+9erature for a suita.le 9eriod de9ending on t6e c6arge . It is t6en allo4ed to cool. #uring t6e 6eating 9eriod@ t6e air in t6e ti+.er ex9ands and is 9artiall0 ex9elled@ during cooling t6e residual air in t6e ti+.er contracts creating a 9artial vacuu+ 46ic6 causes t6e 9reservative@ to .e suc*ed into t6e ti+.er . T6is treat+ent also ensures sterilisation of t6e ti+.er against fungi and insects (6,

<.= <i=

<c= <i=

<ii=

t6at +a0 .e 9resent. In t6e a.sence of facilities for 9ressure treat+ent@ t6is 9rocess is 6eart4ood@ 4it6 4ater-solu.le fixed t09e 9reservatives@ 6o4ever t6ere is a danger of 9reci9itation of t6e c6e+ical at 6ig6 te+9eratures and in contact 4it6 t6e extractives in ti+.er. To over co+e t6is difficult0@ t4o .at6s are used@ t6e first containing 4ater 46ere t6e 6ot treat+ents given and t6e second t6e cold .at6 containing t6e 9reservative into 46ic6 t6e ti+.er is transferred i++ediatel0 after 6eating. <d= <i= ouc6eric 9rocess E?it6 t6is 9rocess@ treat+ent of t6e sa94ood of al+ost all green ti+.ers 4it6 t6e .ar* not re+oved and of .a+.oos in green conditions@ soon after felling@ can .e carried out using an0 of t6e inorganic 4ater-solu.le 9reservatives. T6is ai+s at a +axi+u+ 9enetration of t6e 9reservative 4it6 a +ini+u+ of net a.sor9tion@ t4o 9rocesses@ na+el0 t6e "o4r0 9rocess and t6e &uc9ing 9rocess are co++onl0 used.

<e=

(6-

1.%. STORA#E OF TI2BER 1.-.1. After selection@ and 9rior to fa.rication and or erection@ all structural ti+.er s6all .e stored so as to 9revent deca0ed and rene4ed develo9+ent of defects. 1.-.2. All ti+.er s6all .e 9iled into stac*s u9on 4ell treated and even surfaced .ea+s@ slee9ers or .ric* 9illars so as to .e a.ove t6e ground level .0 at least 15 c+. T6e various +e+.ers s6all .e stored into lengt6s and +aterial of eDual lengt6s s6all .e 9iled toget6er in la0ers 4it6 4ooden .attens@ called crossers se9arating one la0er fro+ anot6er. T6e crossers s6all .e of sound 4ood@ straig6t and unifor+ in t6ic*ness. In cases 46ere se9arate crossers are not availa.le s+aller sections of t6e availa.le structural ti+.er +a0 .e e+9lo0ed in t6eir 9lace. In an0 la0er an air s9ace a.out 2.5 c+@ '6all .e 9rovided .et4een adCacent +e+.ers. T6e longer 9ieces s6all .e 9laced in t6e .otto+ la0ers and t6e s6orter 9ieces in t6e to9 la0ers .ut one of t6e stac* s6all .e in a true vertical 9lane. T6e crossers in t6e different la0ers s6all .e in vertical align+ent. T6e +ost suita.le 4idt6 and 6eig6t of a stac* are reco++ended to .e a.out 1.5 +. and 2.1 +. #istance .et4een adCacent stac*s is reco++ended to .e at least -/ c+. 1.-.-. T6e stac* s6all .e 9rotected fro+ 6ot dr0 4inds or direct sun and rain. A slo9ing roof +ade of reCected 9lan*s +a0 .e used to drain off t6e rain 4ater. #eca0ed or insect attac*ed 9lan*s s6ould not .e used. 1eav0 4eig6t suc6 as +etal rails or large sections of 4ood are reco++ended to .e 9laced on t6e to9 of t6e stac* to 9revent distortion or 4ar9ing of t6e ti+.er in t6e stac*. To 9revent endcrac*ing in t6e +aterial@ t6e ends of all +e+.ers s6all .e coasted 4it6 t6ic* coal tar alu+iniu+ leaf 9aint <6ardened gloss oil = or an0 ot6er suita.le +aterials .

(65

1.' FIBER B I!"IN# BOAR"S.. 1.2.1. #e0eral . 1.2.1.1. >i.re .uilding .oards include an0 rigid .oard +ade fro+ 4aste cellulose +aterial suc6 as s6redded 4ood or Vegata.le fi.re including root@ cane fi.re of 4ood 9ul9. T6ese fi.res are c6a+icall0 treated and su.Cected to 60draulic 9ressures to for+ a 6o+ogeneous s6eet. T6e 6ardness and surface treat+ent of fi.re .oards ver0 according to t6e 9ressure a99lied during t6e +anufacture. >i.re .oards +a0 .e divided into t6ree 9rinci9al classes. Insulating oards ?all oards 1ard oards Insulating oards E- It is fi.re .uilding .oard 6aving a densit0 not less t6an 2// 7gN cu+ and t6ic*ness not less t6an 12 ++. T6e0 are furt6er divided into t6e follo4ing t09es . 1o+ogeneous Insulating oards . "a+inated Insulating oards . itu+en i+9regnated Insulating oards. Acoustical oards. 1o+ogeneous insulating and la+inated insulating .oards are used for t6e follo4ing 9ur9oses . <i= <ii= <iii= <iv= 3laster .ase. 3er+anent s6uttering for Concrete. T6er+al Insulation 'ound Control itu+en I+9regnated Insulating oards E-T6e0 are si+ilar to 6o+ogeneous insulating .oards .ut during or after +anufacture t6e0 are i+9regnated 4it6 .itu+en t6roug6out. (16

1.2.2.

Classes .-

1.2.2.1. <i= <ii= <iii=

1.2.-.

Stre0gthB Thic:0essB t1pes a03 use3 .

1.2.-.1.

<a= <.= <c= <d=

T6e0 6ave outstanding 9ro9erties of 4ater resistance and 6ence of s9ecial use for exterior 4or*. T6e0 are used extensivel0 to 9rovide ex9ansion Coints in Concrete structures s9ecial 9recautions are necessar0 46en decorating t6ese +aterials to 9revent .leeding of .itu+en. Acoustical oard ET6e0 are +anufactured and treated in suc6 a 4a0 as to 9rovide 6ig6 sound a.sor9tion . 1.2.-.2. <a= ?all oards E>i.re .uilding .oards 6aving a densit0 not exceeding 2,/ 7gN cu+. !sual t6ic*ness varies fro+ 2.5 ++. to 1/ ++. T6e0 are furt6er classified into t6e follo4ing t09es. 1o+ogeneous fi.re 4all oards . "a+inated fi.re 4all .oards . itu+en la+inated 4all .oards. ?all .oards are extensivel0 used for 4all and ceiling in circu+stances in 46ic6 t6er+al and sound insulation in a 6ig6 degree are not i+9ortant. T6e0 are used for 9artitions also. 1.2.-.-. <a= 1ard oards E1ard .oards are 6o+ogeneous fi.re <co+9are 4it6 ot6er classes 46ere la+inated t09e are also +anufactured = .uilding .oards co+9ressed to +ediu+ or 6ig6 densit0 a densit0 exceeding 2,/ 7gN%- and u9to 12// 7gN %- and a.ove. T6e0 are generall0 classified into t6e follo4ing t6ree t09es according to t6eir +et6od of +anufactures@ densit0 and ot6er related +ec6anical and 960sical 9ro9erties E'e+i 6ard .oard 6aving a densit0 exceeding 2,/ 7gN+- .ut not exceeding ,// 7gN+-. 1ard .oard 6aving a densit0 exceeding ,// 7gN%- .ut not exceeding 12//

<i= <ii= <iii= <.=

<i=

<ii=

(11

7gN+-. <iii= 'u9er 1ard oard a 1ard oard 46ic6 6as .een furt6er treated in t6e course of +anufacture to increase its strengt6 and 4ater resistance. t6ic*ness E- T6e t6ic*ness of se+i 6ard .oards varies fro+ ( ++ to 12 ++ and 6ard .oard and su9er 6ard .oards fro+ ++ to ( ++. !ses E- 1ard .oards are used for t6e follo4ing 9ur9oses Efor 9anelling u9to dado 6eig6t for roug6 use. In interior decoration@ t6e a99lication of 6ard .oards are unli+ited including 9anelling facing flus6 doors@ cu9 .oards@ counter to9s etc. %ost 6ard .oards +a0 .e .ent 4it6 care to reasona.l0 s+all curves. 'u9er 6ard .oards +a0 .e used for concrete s6uttering and exterior signs. #ecorative >inis6 EInsulating .oards@ 4all .oards and 6ard .oards all can .e finis6ed nice 4it6 diste+9er@ oil 9aint Cellulose 9aint@ ena+el and Ioaster 9aints. 1ard .oards are also suita.le for Varnis6 and 3olis6. 'everal +a*es of fi.re .uilding .oards also availa.le 4it6 9redecorated surfaces. It reDuire no 9lanning@ finis6ing etc. t6us ensures over all econo+0 in +one0@ +en@ +aterial and ti+e. !nifor+ Dualit0 and close tolerances in di+ension@ strengt6 and in ot6er 9ro9erties . availa.le in veneered finis6 .esides natural finis6@ 3lastic faced and 9rinted 9article .oards are also availa.le t6ese da0s.

<.=

<c= <i= <ii=

<iii= 1.2.-.2. <a=

<.= <vii=

<viii=

<ix=

(1$

<x= 1.2.2.5. 1.2.2.5.1.

T6is +aterial in itself is not ex9ensive. 'trengt6 ET6e strengt6 and ot6er c6aracteristics of flat 9ressed t6ree la0er 9article .oards as 9er I.'. -/,)-15(5 are re9roduced .elo4 E/.5 to /.5 11/ 7g N c+2 - 7gNc+2 /.12 *NcalN6r2N/.CN+ 15/ *g 2) *g

'9ecific $ravit0 ending 'trengt6 %ini+u+ +odulus of ru9ture %ini+u+ tensile strengt6 9er9endicular to surface T6er+al conductivit0 'cre4 6olding strengt6 nor+al to face Nail 6olding strengt6 nor+al to face >igure fro+ literature ot6er t6an I.'.I. 1.2.2.(. <i= <ii= !ses E-

Ceiling in 6ot and cold cli+ates. Non residual office 9artitions@ 6ouse 6old 9artition and 9artitions in 6os9itals@ sc6ools and ot6er .uildings. uild in cu9 .oards@ rac*s@ 9al+ets and ot6er 4ood and 4ood 9anel fittings@ s6elves and *itc6en furniture. %anufacture of doors of all t09es F 9anelled or flus6 doors.

<iii=

<iv=

(1%

1.(. AOO"EN F! S& "OOR S& TTERS. 1.5.1. #e0eral I 1.5.1.1. T6e increase in .uilding activit0 all over t6e countr0 6as necessiated c6anges in various construction +aterials and 9ractices. T6e natural s6ortage of 9ro9erl0 seasoned first c6oice of ti+.er suc6 as Tea*@ 'al@ #eodar 6as forced us to loo* for alternatives. T6e second c6oice suc6 as G %a*aiG $urCan etc. can .e used onl0 after 9re-treat+ent. T6e esta.lis6+ent of seasoning and treat+ent 9lants 6ave not *e9t 9ace 4it6 t6e .uilding activit0. T6is 9osition of availa.ilit0 of ti+.er 6as led to a c6ange in t6e +anufacture of 9anelled or .raced and .attened doors. Increasing use is no4 .eing +ade of >lus6 #oor +anufactured under strict factor0 control. T6ese doors give a 9leasing a99earance and a variet0 of different facing are availa.le. T6e second c6oice of t6e ti+.er can .e used 4it6out effecting strengt6 and dura.ilit0. 'o+e of t6e various t09es and grades of t6ese doors are discussed in t6is note. Classification of >lus6 #oors E In accordance 4it6 Indian 'tandards Institution >lus6 #oors 6ave .een categorised as under E-

1.5.1.2.

1.5.2. 1.5.2.1.

1. 2.

I.'. 22/2N15(2 I.'. 2151N15(2

G'9ecification for ?ooden >lus6 #oor '6utter G 'olid core t09e. G'9ecification for ?ooden >lus6 #oor '6utterG Cellular : 1ollo4 core t09e. 1.5.2.2. T09e : $rade EEac6 of t6e t4o classes s9ecified a.ove s6all .e of t4o grades na+el0 E<i= <ii= Exterior $rade Interior $rade Eit6er of t6ese grades +a0 .e of #ECO&ATIVE T;3E or CO%%E&CIA" T;3E. #e9ending u9on t6e 4idt6@ t6e door +a0 .e single of (1'

dou.le s6utter. In case of dou.le re.ating +a0.e s9la0ed or sDuare. 1.5.2.-. Cellular Core EIn cellular core t6e ti+.er fra+e s6all .e constructed fro+ stiles and to9 and .otto+ rail@ eac6 not less t6an )5 ++. 4ide. In eac6 seg+ent@ stri9s and .loc*s of 4ood@ 9l04ood@ 9article .oard or rolls or stri9s of vencers s6all .e so fixed as to leave void s9aces eac6 not +ore t6an 25 c+2 in area. Alternatel0 .attens not less t6an 25 ++ 4ide +a0 .e used. T6e total void content s6all not .e +ore t6an 2/ 9ercent of t6e volu+e of t6e core and t6e voids s6all .e unifor+l0 distri.uted t6ruoug6out t6e core. 1.5.2.2. 1ollo4 Core ETi+.er fra+e s6all .e constructed fro+ stiles and inter+ediate rails eac6 not less t6an )5 ++. 4ide. In eac6 seg+ent .atten not less t6an 25 ++. 4ide s6all .e fixed in suc6 a 4a0 t6at t6e voids are eDuall0 distri.uted and t6e voids in eac6 seg+ent is less t6an 25// c+2. attens +a0 also .e re9laced .0 suita.le rolls or stri9s or veneer. 1.5.2.5. 'olid Core ET6e construction of t6e solid core can .e eit6er of t6e follo4ing +aterialsE<a= loc* oard E As 9er I.'. 1(55N15(/ 46ere a fra+e for 6olding t6e core is 9rovided@ it s6all .e constructed of stiles eac6 not less t6an 5/ ++ and not +ore t6an 1// ++. in 4idt6. loc* oard cu+ 3article oard E T6e core s6all .e co+.ination of .loc* .oard and 9article oard. T6e fra+e for 6olding t6e core s6all .e not less t6an 5/ ++. and not +ore t6an 1// ++. in 4idt6. 9article oard E T6e 3article .oard s6all .e eit6er of flat 9latten 9ressed t09e or extrusion t09e. T6e fra+e 6oding t6e core s6all not .e less t6an 5/ ++. and not +ore t6an 1// ++. in 4idt6.

<.=

<c=

(1(

<d= 1.(.%. Face Pa0el .

"a+inated oardE T6e details can .e varied de9ending u9on t6e reDuire+ents. T6e face 9anel s6all .e for+ed .0 under 9ressure on .ot6 faces of t6e core eit6er 9l04ood or Cross .and and face veneer as t6e case +a0 .e. In case of Cellular core doors t6e face 9anel s6all .e of 9l04ood of not less t6an 2 ++. in t6ic*ness@ 46ere as in case of 1ollo4 core doors t6e t6ic*ness of 9l04ood s6all .e not less t6en ( ++. In case of 'olid core doors t6e facing +a0 .e of 9l04ood of not less t6an 2 ++. in t6ic*ness or it +a0 .e of cross .and 1-- ++. t6ic* face veneer /.5-1.5 ++ t6ic*ness for co++ercial veneers. >or decorative face veneer t6e t6ic*ness of face veneer +a0 .e .et4een /.5 ++. to 1.// ++. >ace veneer s6all .e laid 4it6 t6eir grain at rig6t angles to t6ose of t6e cross .and.

1.(.'.

Pl1>oo3 .

<i=

T6e 9l04ood used s6all confor+ to I.'. -/- G'9ecification for 9l04ood for $eneral 3ur9oses .G >or Interior s6utters t6e 9l04ood used s6all not .e inferior to $rade ??& t09e C for Exterior grade not inferior to grade ?& t09e C. Cross ands and face veneer used in solid >lus6 #oor s6utters s6all confor+ to reDuire+ents of I.'. -/-. >or INTE&IO& s6utters@ t6e cross .and and face veneer used s6all .e inferior to t6ose s9ecified for grade ? & 9l04ood@ and for exerior s6utter not inferior to grade ?& t09e C. #ecorative face veneer used in flus6 doors s6all confor+ to t6e reDuire+ent of #ecorative veneer s9ecified for $rade I decorative 9l04ood in I.'. 1-2,N155, G '9ecification for vener #ecorative 9l04ood. Ad6esives E T6e .onding +edia used ind t6e +anufacture of 9l04ood are of t6e ut+ost i+9ortance since@ a+ong ot6er t6ings@ t6eir 9ro9erties deter+ine t6e c6aracteristics and usage of t6e final

<ii=

<iii=

1.5.5.

(1+

9roduct. >or exa+9le@ 9l04ood used for internal a99lications suc6 as furniture needs to .e 4ell .onded .ut does not necessaril0 reDuire resistance to +oisture or 4ater. Conversel0 @ 9l04ood used externall0@ ex9osed to all 4inds and 4eat6ers@ reDuires an ad6esive ca9a.le of 4it6standing t6e full vagaries of t6e 4eat6er 4it6out fear of .rea*do4n. It is essential@ t6erefore@ t6at t6e user *no4s t6e 9ro9erties of t6e various t09e of ad6esives used in t6e +anufacture of t6e different 9l04ood and flus6 doors availa.le in t6e +ar*et@ .efore .eing a.le to s9ecif0 a certain 9l04ood for a 9articular 9ur9ose. T6e Ad6esives +ost co++onl0 used in t6e +anufacture of 9l04ood +a0 .e divided into t6e follo4ing grou9s according to dura.ilit0. 1.5.(. 1.5.(.1. Interior <Int= G Ani+al glues I%anufactured fro+ 6ide@ .one etc. 'uc6 glues 9rovide an excellent .ond under dr0 conditions of service. T6e0 are not 4ater resistant and if ex9osed to 6ig6 relative 6u+idities t6e0 are lia.le to destruction .0 +icro- organis+s < +oulds and .acteria= . 1.5.(.2. loods al.u+en ET6ese gules are 9re9ared fro+ fres6 .lood o.tained fro+ slaug6tered ani+als or fro+ dried solu.le .lood al.u+en. 'uc6 gules give a +oderatel0 strong .ond 4it6 a 6ig6 resitance to even .oiling 4ater. T6e0 are@ 6o4ever@ lia.le to attac* .0 +icro-organis+s 46ic6 re9idl0 cause a .rea*do4n of t6e glue line under da+9 conditions. %ixes containing 9arafor+alde60de are less re9idl0 attac*ed .ut are .0 no +eans i++une to .acteria. 1.5.(.-. Casein ECasein glues consist of a +ixture of t6e curds of +il*@ 60drated li+e and certain ot6er c6e+icals. As a 9l04ood ad6esive@ (1,

casein 9rovides a strong .ond in t6e dr0 state .ut 6as onl0 a s6ort life 46en ex9osed to even +oderatel0 severe conditions or ex9osed for long 9eriods to 4et or da+9 conditions@ it is attac*ed and destro0ed .0 +icro-organis+s <ot6er c6e+icals are so+eti+es incor9orated to increase its resistance to .acteriological attac*.= Ex9osure to c6e+ical action is also li*el0 to cause a .rea* do4n in t6e glue line@ .ut casein 6as good resistance to reasona.l0 6ig6 te+9eratures under dr0 conditions. T6e follo4ing s0nt6etic resin ad6esive <!>. %>. 3>. and &> = are descri.ed as se9arate +aterials .ut t6e0 are often used in conCuction 4it6 one anot6er in 9ro9erietar0 .rands . 1.5.). 1.5.).1. %oisture &esistant <%&=E !rea - for+alde60de <!>=E !rea resins are 4idel0 used in t6e +anufacture of 9l04ood and 9rovide a 6ig6 .onding strengt6 in t6e dr0 state and even after 9rolonged soa*ing in 4ater at nor+al te+9eratures@ .ut t6e0 can 4it6stand i++ersion in .oiling 4ater for ver0 li+ited 9eriods . T6e0 are suita.le for use under +ost nor+al conditions .ut 4ill .rea* do4n under continuous ex9osure to extre+e 4eat6er conditions. T6e0 are i++une to +icro- organis+ attac* and 9ossess a 6ig6 resistance to acids and al*alis . >or use in 9l04ood +anufacture@ urea resins are often extended .0 t6e addition of cereal flour or .lood al.u+en@ .ut t6is is acco+9anied .0 a reduction in t6e strengt6 of t6e .ond and in its resistance to +icro-organis+ attac*. Conversel0@ t6e0 can .e fortified .0 t6e inclusion of ot6er resins to increase t6eir resistance to .oiling 4ater. 1.(.-. 1.5.,.1. Boil resista0t (BR). %ela+ine - >or+alde60de <%>= E

(1-

T6is t09e of ad6esive is co+9arativel0 ne4 and fe4 long ter+ tests 6ave .een carried out to su.stantiate its 9ro9erties. It dura.ilit0 6as .een co+9ared favoura.l0 4it6 t6at of t6e 96enol for+alde60de resins and for t6is reason it 6as .een co+.ined 4it6 urea resins to increase t6eir resistance to .oiling 4ater. %ela+ine resins can 4it6stand i++ersion in .oiling 4ater and are i++une to attac* .0 +icro - organis+s . T6e0 6ave a greater 6eat resistance and are su9erior in .ot6 c6e+ical and 960sical 9ro9erties to !> resins@ .ut t6eir dr0 strengt6 in no 6etter. 1.5.5.. 1.5.5.1. ?eat6er : .oil 9roof <? 3= E 36enol - >or+alde60de <3>= E36enolic resins 6ave 6ig6 strengt6 9ro9erties under all conditions of ex9osure. "ong ter+s 4eat6ering tests 6ave indicated t6eir a.ilit0 to 4it6stand t6e +ost severe conditions 4it6out deterioration. T6e0 are ideal ad6esives for conditions of +axi+u+ dura.ilit0 and are i++une fro+ +icro- organis+ attac*. 3> resins are ver0 resistant to co++on solvents@ 4ood 9reservatives@ fire retardant c6e+icals and +ost acids. 1.5.5.2. &esorcinal for+alde60de <&>= E &> resins are 9rinci9all0 used as s9ecial 9ur9ose glues since t6e0 are +ore ex9ensive t6an t6ose 6it6erto +entioned and are t6erefore not nor+all0 e+9lo0ed in t6eir natural state for t6e +anufacture of 9l04ood@ .ut +a0 .e used as fortifirers. T6e0 are eas0 and 9leasant to use and are ca9a.le of gluing su.stances ot6er t6an 4ood. &> ad6esives are .oil 9roof@ i++une to +icro-organis+ attac* and 6ave an excellent record for dura.ilit0 under t6e severest conditions of ex9osure. 1.(.16. A3hesi8e 4or pl1>oo3 i03ustr1 . In I.'. -/-N 15(/ Gs9ecification for 9l04ood for $eneral 3ur9osesG 6as .een categorised into - grades na+el0 ?&@ (15

??& : C?& de9ending u9on t6e ad6esives used for .onding t6e veneers. I.'. ,2,N 155) G'9ecification for s0nt6etic &esin Ad6esive for 9l04ood <36enolic and A+ino9lastic =G 6as categorised s0nt6etic resins in four t09es as under EC&ARACTERISTICS OF "IFFERENT T*PES OF S*NT&ETIC RESIN A"&ESIEES . T09e Te+9erature of ?ater under Nor+al At+os96eric condition in 46ic6 Test 9ieces s6all .e I++ersed. / 1///C <or at t6e .oiling 9oint of 4ater= do )//R2/ 2)/R2/ Ti+e of I++ersion of Test 9ieces Average >ailing load .

?3 < oiling 4ater 9roof= ?& < oiling 4ater resistant = ??& <?ar+ 4ater resistant = C?& <Cold ?ater &esistant=

6r. )2 , 22

7g. 5/ 5/ 5/ 115

". 15, 15, 15, 25-

T6e )2 6ours +a0 .e t6e aggregate of s6orter 9eriods@ t6e test 9ieces .eing left in cold 4ater .et4een suc6 9eriods. >or Exterior #oors t6e ad6esives used s6ould confor+ to #?& of 3?# grades@ na+el0 so+e for+ of 96enol ->or+alde60des. 1o4ever for INTE&IO& grade s6utters@ 9l0ood and .onding +edia +a0 confor+ to ??& t09e of s0nt6etic resin glue. !rea for+alde60de glues generall0 confor+ to ??& categories. 1.(.11. !ippi0g .Additional li99ing can .e 9rovided if so desired in case of all t09e of flus6 doors. "i99ing 46ere 9rovided s6all .e internal and 6all 6ave a total de9t6 of not less t6an 22 ++. T6e 4idt6 of t6e li99ing s6all .e eDual to t6e t6ic*ness of t6e core. If so@ desired li99ing +a0 .e of Tea* or an0 ot6er s9ecial 6ard 4ood. In case of #ou.le s6utter t6e de9t6 of t6e li99ing at t6e +eeting of stiles s6all not .e less t6an

($6

-/ ++.

1.(.1$.

Ope0i0g I-

'9ecial o9ening for glaBing or for vanetian .linds can .e 9rovided@ .ut t6e exact details s6ould .e indicated to t6e +anufacturer. If so desired@ a .loc* of 4ood can .e 9rovided for fixing@ t6e 6ard 4are. #oors s6utters s6all .e tested for resistance of t6eir .ase .0 i++ersing verticall0 to a 6ig6t of -/ c+ in 4ater at roo+ te+9erature for 22 6ours and t6en allo4ing it to dr0 for 22 6ours. T6e c0cle s6all .e re9eated eig6t ti+es. T6ere s6ould .e dela+ination at t6e end of t6e test . A nu+.er of different +a*er of >lus6 doors are availa.le in t6e +ar*et. T6e end use s6ould .e ta*en in account at ti+e of 9urc6ase and idea of follo4ing s6ould .e given to t6e +anufacturer at ti+e of tendering@ so t6at our exact reDuire+ent is co++unicated to t6e +anufacturer.

1.(.1%. 1.(.1'.

!oc:s .Tests .-

1.(.1(.

Co0clusio0 .-

1 2 2 5 ( ) , 5

T09e of #oor-?6et6er solid@ 6ollo4 or cellular core. ?6et6er t6e door is of INTE&IO& $&A#E or EXTE&IO& $&A#E. T6ic*ness and siBe of s6utter. Indicate 46et6er single s6utter or dou.le s6utter. &e.ate to .e sDuare or s9la0ed@ in case of dou.le s6utter. T09e of core in case of solid core. T6ic*ness and grade of >ace 3anel 46et6er co++ercial or #ecorative facing needed. Ad6esive used ?6et6er s9ecial li99ing needed. T6e Dualit0 of li99ing +aterial if so needed. ?6et6er s9ecial arrange+ent needed for loc* rail or for +ortice loc*. "esig0atio0 . 1.5.1(.1. T6e designation of s6utters s6all .e .ased on grade and t09e as given in ta.le I.

1.(.1+.

($1

TAB!E -I "esig0atio0 o4 >oo3e0 4lush 3oor shutters.

Class ' O " I # Exterior C O & E Exterior 3article oard Interior Exterior "a+inated C E " " ! " A & AN# 1 O " " O ? CO&E 1ollo4 Interior #ecorative Co++ercial 1I# 1IC Cellular Interior Exterior #ecorative Co++ercial #ecorative Co++ercial CI# CIC 1E# 1EC Interior #ecorative Co++ercial #ecorative Co++ercial "EC "I# CE# CEC #ecorative Co++ercial #ecorative Co++ercial 3I# 3IC "E# "EC #ecorative Co++ercial 3E# 3EC loc* oard and 9article oard. #ecorative Co++ercial #ecorative Co++ercial 3E# 3EC 3I# 3IC Core loc* oard Interior #ecorative Co++ercial I# IC #ra3e Exterior T1pe #ecorative Co++ercial "esig0atio0 E# E#

Interior

Exterior

1.(.1,.

Si;es .

1.5.1).1.

T6ic*ness E- T6e no+inal t6ic*ness of t6e s6utters s6all .e as follo4s E25@-/@-5 and 2/ ++ for 'olid core t09es.

($$

-/@-5@ and 2/ ++ for Cellular and 6ollo4 core t09es. 1.5.1).2. "engt6 and readt6 E- T6e lengt6 and .readt6 s6all confor+ to t6e Ta.le II of I.'E 22/2-15(2 and I.'G 2151 -15(2 T6e reco++ended t6ic*ness in relation to t6e 4idt6 s6ould .e as given .elo4 E?idt6 of s6utter c+. 22@ 25@ 52@ 5( and (( )( and ,( 5(

1.5.1).-.

T6ic*ness of s6utter ++. 25 and -/ -5 2/

($%

1.+. B!OC9 BOAR"S. 1.(.1. "e4i0itio0 . 1.(.1.1. loc* oard is a .oard 6aving a core +ade u9 of stri9s of 4ood eac6 not exceeding 25 ++. in in 4idt6@ laid se9aratel0 or glued or ot6er4ise Coined to dor+ a sla. 46ic6 is glued .et4een t4o or +ore outer veneers 4it6 t6e direction of t6e grain of t6e core .loc*s running at rig6t angles to t6at of t6e adCacent outer veneers@ t6at is covered under I.' E 1(55. T6e .loc* .oards of follo4ing t4o grades de9ending u9on t6e t09e of glue used in +a*ing E$rade 1 E- Interior grade of .loc* .oard is +eant for furniture@ 9artition 9anelling@ ceiling etc. $rade 2 E- Exterior grade of .loc* .oard is +eant for .us .odies@ rail4a0 coac6es@ 9refa.ricated 6ouses@ etc@ 46ere it is li*el0 to .e ex9ose to 6ig6 6u+idit0@ rain etc. <Co+9are 4it6 grade 1=. Eac6 of t6e grade s9ecified a.ove s6all .e of t6e follo4ing t4o t09es ET09e 1 loc* oards E-T6ese are .loc* .oards 4it6 faces of co++ercial ti+.er and are used for ordinar0 furniture@ ta.le to9s@ 9artitions and 9enelling to .e 9ainted over. flooring and seats of .us .odies@ rail4a0 carriages@ etc. T09e 2 loc* oards E- T6ese are .loc* .oards 4it6 orna+ental veneers on one side or on .ot6 sides for use in 6ig6 furniture@ 9anelling interior decorations@ 9artitions@ etc. T6ic*ness E- loc* .oards are availa.le in t6ic*ness of 12 ++@ 1( ++@ 2/ ++@ 25 ++@ -/ ++@ -2@ -5 ++@ 2/ ++@ 25 ++@ and 5/ ++.

1.+.$.

#ra3es a03 T1pes.

1.(.2.1.

<a=

<.=

<a=

<.=

1.+.%.

"i/e0sio0s .

1.(.-.1.

1.(.-.-.

'iBes E- T6e .loc* .oards are availa.le in follo4ing siBes I-

($'

"engt6 c+. 22/@ 21/@ 1,/@ 15/ and 12/

?idt6 c+. 12/ and 5/

1.+.'.

2ar:i0g .-

1.(.2.1. <a= <.= <c= <d=

Eac6 .loc* .oard s6all .e legi.l0 +ar*ed on an0 of its edge 4it6 t6e follo4ing ENa+e of t6e +anufacturer or trade+ar*@ if an0. $rade and t09e of .loc* .oard. T6ic*ness oards +a0 also .e +ar*ed 4it6 I.'.I. Certification %ar*.

($(

C&APTER-$ FI!" ? !ABORATOR* TESTIN# OF B I!"IN# !I2E. (AS per I.S. 1+$'.) 2.1. Scope . 2.1.1. T6e follo4ing covers field tests for testing li+e and li+e +ortars. Tests No. 2.-.1.@ 2.-.2 : 2.-.2. can .e 9erfor+ed in t6e field itself 46ile tests No. 2.-.-. : 2.-.5. are la.orator0 tests. "i+e a.sor.s +oisture and car.ondioxide fro+ at+os96ere under ordinar0 conditions and so at ever0 stage of its use in t6e .uilding construction@ c6ec*ing of its c6e+ical and 960sical 9ro9erties .eco+e necessar0. Testing li+e .0 visual Exa+ination for 960sical C6aracteristics E- <>ield Test = A ver0 roug6 idea can .e for+ed a.out t6e t09e of t6e li+e .0 its visual exa+ination@ e.g. fat li+e .ears 9ure 46ite colour@ li+e in t6e for+ of 9orous@ lu+9s of dirt0 46ite cloour indicates Duic* li+e@ and solid lu+9s are t6e un.urnt li+e stone. Purpose .- T6is test is 9erfor+ed to deter+ine 46et6er t6e car.onate contents of li+e is excessive and to roug6l0 deter+ining t6e class of li+e . A teas9oonful of 9o4er li+e <levelled flat to t6e ri+ of t6e s9oon= is ta*en in a test tu.e and its level +ar*ed. A.out 1/ +l. of 5/J concentrated 10droc6loric Acid solution is added to it@ and t6e 46ole stirred 4it6 a glass rod. If needed +ore of 10droc6loric Acid solution is added@ to ensure t6at none of t6e inert +aterial is in t6e for+ of calciu+ car.onate at at t6e .otto+ of t6e test tu.e. T6e tu.e is constantl0 s6a*en till all effervescence ceases and t6en left to stand undistur.ed for 22 6rs. in a test tu.e stand. O=ser8atio0s . A.undant effervescence indicates "i+e not .urnt full0 and stored 9ro9erl0. T6e a+ount of insolu.le +aterial left at t6e .otto+ of t6e test tu.e 46en co+9ared 4it6 t6e original volu+e of

2.2.

#e0eral .

2.2.1.

2.-.

Tests .

2.-.1. <i=

$.%.$.

Testi0g li/e =1 &13rochloric Aci3 Test . (Fiel3 Test )

<a=

<.=

(c) (i) (ii)

($+

li+e directl0 gives t6e 9ro9ortion of inert +aterial 9resent in it@ and give an idea it is excessive or not. (iii) >or+ation of gel a.ove t6e inert +aterial indicates t6e li+e of 10draulic t09e. If t6e gel is too t6ic* to flo4@ 46en t6e test tu.e is tilted u9 side do4n@ t6e li+e is e+inentl0 10draulic@ .ut if t6e gel tends to flo4 on .eing tilted@ it indicates fee.l0 10draulic "i+e. T6ere is no gel for+ation if t6e li+e is non-60draulic of 8fat8 t09e. T6e test for soundness is 9erfor+ed to deter+ine <i= t6e extent of deterioration of 60drated "i+e. And <ii= t6e adeDuac0 of t6e field sla*ing of Duic* li+e. >or 60draulic li+e t6e test s6all .e 9erfor+ed using "e-C6ateliers +ould and for fat li+e .0 t6e 9o99ing and 9itting test. "e-C6ateliers 'oundess 60draulic "i+e= Test <>or

$.%.%.

Test 4or Sou030ess .(!a=B test.)

(a)

(=) (i)

10drated li+e@ t6e ordinar0 9ortland ce+ent <confor+ing to I.'.= 2(5-155, exce9t t6at 46en tested for soundness t6e ex9ansion s6all not exceed 2 ++= and t6e standard testing sand confor+ing to I.' E (5/@ are +ixed dr0 in t6e ratio of 1E 1N- E2 .0 4eig6t. T6e +ix is 4eig6ted and 4ater 12J .0 dr0 4eig6t of t6e +ix@ is added and t6e 46ole is +ixed till a unifor+ colour of t6e +ortar is o.tained . T6ree "e-C6ateliers +oulds@ 4ell greased on inside are 9laces over non-9orous 9lates and filled 4it6 t6e +ortar edges of t6e +ould are carefull0 *e9t visi.l0 o9en. T6ese +oulds are covered 4it6 anot6er non 9orous 9lates@ u9on 46ic6 a s+all 4eig6 s6all .e 9laced. After one 6our t6e distance .et4een t6e indicators is +easured@ and t6e 46ole transferred to a da+9 air cu9.oard for 2, 6ours. T6e a99aratus is t6en re+oved 4it6 covers in 9lace and transferred to a stea+ .oiler in 46ic6 4ater is alread0 .oiling vigorousl0@ 46ere it is su.Cected to t6e continuous action of saturated stea+ at at+os96eric 9ressure for t6ree 6ours. ut it s6all not .e i++ersed in t6e 4ater. After t6is@ t6e +oulds are allo4ed to cool do4n and t6e distance .et4een t6e ($,

(ii)

indicators +easured again. T6e net increase in t6e distance .et4een t6e indicators is calculated. (iii) T6e 60draulic "i+e is unsound@ if t6e net increase in indicators distance exceeds 1/ ++. after deducting 1 ++. fro+ t6e o.served increase@ for t6e ex9ansion due to ce+ent. )/ g+ of 60drated li+e of t6e s9eci+en is +ixed 4it6 )/ +l of clean 4ater and allo4ed to soa* for 2 6ours. T6e li+e 9utt0 so for+ed is t6oroug6l0 +ixed and +ade 9lastic if needed s+all Duantit0 of 4ater +a0 also .e used for t6e 9ur9ose@ and t6e 9lastic 9utt0 s9read over a non9orous 9late@ 1/ g of a99roved grade gauging 9laster of 9aris@ is unifor+l0 s9read over t6e 9utt0 and t6e 46ole +ixed for 2 4it6 tro4el. >our flat 9ats are for+ed .0 9ressing t6e gauged 9utt0 in to four ring +oulds of 1/ c+. dia and /.5 c+. dee9 4it6 t6e aid of s9atula and s+oot6ed off level 4it6 t6e to9 edge of t6e ring 4it6 not +ore t6an 12 stro*es of 9alette *nife. T6is s6ould not ta*e +ore t6an 5 +in. rec*oned fro+ t6e ti+e of adding of 9laster of 9aris@ for an0 one 9at. T6e four 9ats are t6an left to set for 6alf an 6our t6en transferred 4it6 t6e .ase 9lates 4it6 or 4it6 out t6e ring +oulds to a 4ell ventilated dr0ing oven +aintained at -5C/ to 25 C/. T6e 9ats s6o4ing s6rin*age crac*s on cooling s6all .e reCected and re9re9ared. T6e four 9ats resting on t6e .ase 9lates are 9laced 6oriBontall0 in suita.le stea+ .oiler@ and su.Cected to t6e action of saturated stea+ at at+os96eric 9ressure for - 6ours. T6e 9ats are t6en exa+ined in a good lig6t for disintegration@ 9o99ing and 9itting@ an0 suc6 defect indicates unsoundness in li+e. T6is test is to c6ec* 46et6er t6e 60draulicit0 as 4ell as t6e 9urit0 of t6e .uilding "i+e is sufficient to develo9 t6e ex9ected strengt6 in a +ortar of standard 9ro9ortions and to find out t6e strengt6 of ($-

$.%.'.

Poppi0g a03 pitti0g test (For 4at a03 <uic: li/e ).

(a)

(=)

(c)

(3)

(e)

$.%.(.

Test 4or tra0s8erse stre0gth .-

(a)

li+e +ortar .eing used in t6e 4or*. (=) (i) 3re9aration of 9utt0 E>or 60drated "i+e E- 5// g of 60drated "i+e is t6oroug6l0 +ixed 4it6 (/ to (5J of t6e 4ater .0 4eig6t for o.taining 9utt0. >or Duic* li+e E- 1 7g. of Duic* li+e is crus6ed to 9o4der to 9ass t6roug6 I.'. sieve No .22/ and sla*ed at least for 2 6rs. T6e 9utt0 is sieved t6roug6 I.'. sieve No. ,5 and collected over a filter clot6. T6e 4ater content in 9utt0 s6ould .e adCusted .et4een (/ to (2J .0 4eig6t of t6e 60drated li+e under <i= T6e 9utt0 is t6en t6oroug6l0 4or*ed u9 t4ice in t6e 9ugging +ill used i++ediatel0. -5/ 7g. of 9utt0 is t6oroug6l0 +ixed *neaded for 1/ +inutes 4it6 standard sand confor+ing to I.' E (5/@ in an a+ount eDual to t6ree ti+e t6e 4eig6t of t6e dr0 60drate contained in t6e 9utt0@ and a 9lastic +ortar 9re9ared. 3re9aration of Test loc*s E'ix test .loc*s of siBe 2.5 x 2.5 x 1/c+. are 9re9ared i++ediatel0 .0 9ressing t6e +ortar 4it6 t6e t6u+. into t6e +ould 9laced over a non-corrodi.le 9late. After filling @ t6e to9 surface is ta+9ed t6en s+oot6ed off level 4it6 t4o t6ree stro*es of 9alette *nife. T6e +ould along 4it6 t6e .ase 9late and a si+ilar cover 9late s6all .e stored undistur.ed for a 9eriod of 2, da0s under an at+os96ere of at least 5/J 6u+idit0 and 22/ to -2/ C te+9erature. Test 9rocedure EAfter 2, da0s t6e test .loc*s s6all .e re+oved fro+ t6e +ould and *e9t under 4ater for an 6our. T6en t6ese s6all .e tested i++ediatel0 for transverse strengt6 on t6e a99aratus. T6e .loc* s6all rest on t6e t4o rollers A and s9aced , c+. centres 4it6out an0 9ac*ing arrange+ent. T6e load is a99lied at t6e rate of 15R1.5 7g. 9er +inute t6roug6 t6e central roller C. .0 filling 4ater in t6e .uc*et. T6e load at failure is deter+ined and average +odulus of ru9ture

(ii)

(c)

(3) (i)

(e) (i)

($5

calculated. %odulus of &u9ture Q -N2 ?' Q /.)(, ? 7gN C+2 .d >or 'Q, c+. .Q2.5 c+. dQ2.5 c+ &eDuired 'trengt6 E1. T6e +odulus of ru9ture for class A uilding li+es s6all not .e less t6an 1/.5 7gN sD. c+. <or 15/1 .eN sD. in= T6e +odulus of ru9ture for class uilding li+es s6all not .e less t6an )./ 7g. N sD. c+. <1// 1 .sNsD. in= >or class CFnot s9ecified . A re9resentative sa+9le of t6e +aterial s6all .e ground to 9ass a 15/ +icron I.'. 'ieve and dried to constant 4eig6t at 1/// C to 11// C. One gra+ of t6e 9o4der s6all .e .oiled for t6ree +inutes 4it6 5/ +l. of a99roxi+atel0 2 N 60droc6loric acid@ filtered@ and t6e residue on t6e filter t6oroug6l0 4as6ed. T6e sul96ate content of t6e acid filterate @ 9lus 4as6ings@ s6all t6en .e deter+ined and ex9ressed as t6e 9ercentage of sul96ur trioxide in t6e original dr0 9o4der. A Duantit0 of a99roxi+atel0 one gra+ of t6e 9re9ared sa+9le s6all .e dried to constant 4eig6t at 1/// C to 11// C and 4eig6ed. It s6all t6en .e ignited@ first at a dull red 6eat <)/// C 1/5// C= for a.out four 6ours and finall0 at a .rig6t red 6eat < 55// C to 1/5// C= for a furt6er 6our@ allo4ed to cool in desiccator and re4eig6ed . T6e c6ange in 4eig6t on ignition@ after dr0ing at 1/// C to 11// C calculated as a 9ercentage of t6e dried +aterial gives t6e loss on ignition of t6e +aterial. and ? Q .rea*ing load in 7g.

$.

%. 2.2. 2etho3 4or the $.'.1. "eter/i0atio0 o4 Solu=le Sulphate . $.'.$.

2.5.

2etho3 4or the $.(.1. "eter/i0atio0 o4 !oss o0 Ig0itio0 .-

$.(.$.

(%6

<As 9er N. . O8s 9a+96let on "i+e : "i+e %ortars= 3&O3O&TION' &ECO%%EN#E# >O& %O&TA&' <Note E All 9ro9ortions are .0 Volu+e=

TAB!E - 1
%ortars for >oundation Concrete Situatio0 1. #r0 'u.grade@ 4it6 su.-soil 4ater level 2.5 + .elo4 foundation level. %oist su.grade 4it6 6ig6 su.-soil 4ater i.e. 4it6in 2.5 + of foundation level. 2i7 o4 2ortar !i/e Sur:hi 1 / 1 1 1 2 / 1 / Class o4 !i/e se3 A @ C or A or C or A or C 2 Re/ar:s Nor+all0 suita.le for .uildings not +ore t6an t6ree store0s 6ig6 T6e corres9onding Concrete +ix 4ill .e 1E2E, or 1E-E(.

2.

Ce/e0t <a= / <.= / <c= / <d= 1 <a=

Sa03 2 1 / 12 /

5-1

TAB!E - II

%O&TA&' >O& %A'ON&; IN >O!N#ATION : 3"INT1

%oist su.grade 4it6 su.-soil 4ater 4it6in 2.5 + of foundation level. <a= 4it6 6ig6 Jage of solu.le <.= 4it6 little or no solu.le sul96ate 'ul96ate 1eav0 and +ediu+ loading <22 Tonne 9er 1 E / E / E 1E1E/E( sD. +. or 2T N 'D. ft. and a.ove= <1ig6 alu+ina Ce+ent and 3oBBolanic Ce+ent s6all .e used= "ig6ter "oading <less t6an 22 Tonne 9er <a= elo4 $.". 1E/E/E- <1ig6 1E1E/E( 2 + or TN'D. ft.= alu+ina Ce+ent and 3oBBolanic Ce+ent s6all .e used= "oading Condition <.= In 9lint6 1 E 1 E / E ( #r0 su.grade 4it6 'u.soil 4ater .elo4 2.5 + of foundation level 1E1E/E( <i= / E 1 E / E 2 <ii= / E 1 E 1 E 1 <iii= / E1 E 2 E / <iv= 1 E - E / E 12

T09e of "i+e or C A @ C or A @ C or A or C

1. 2.

5-2

TAB!E - III

%O&TA&' >O& %A'ON&; IN '!3E&'T&CT!&E Situatio0s 1. 2. -. Arc6 ?or* T1pe o4 2aso0r1 'tone %asonr0 2i7 o4 2ortar 1 Ce+ent E - 'and 1 Ce+ent E 2 "i+e E 5 'and A@ or C or C C C A or C !i/e #ra3i0g Re/ar:s

1eav0 loading 4alls <(( to 5/ 'tone %asonr0 Tonne N +2 or ( to , T N 'D. >t.= %ediu+ "oading 4alls <25 to ric* or (5 Tonne N +2 or 2 to (T N 'D. +asonr0 >t.=

stone <i= 1 "i+e E 1 'and E 1 'ur*6i <ii= 1 "i+e E 2 'ur*6i <iii= 1 "i+e E 2 Cinder <iv= 1 "i+e E 2 'and <v= 1 Ce+ent E 2 "i+e E 5 'and 'a+e as ite+ <-= 1 Ce+ent E 1 "i+e E ( 'and 1 Ce+ent E 1 "i+e E ( 'and 1 "i+e E - 'and

2. 5. (. ).

"ig6t "oading 4alls <less t6an 25 TonneN +2 or 2 T N 'D.ft.= Cavit0 ?alls 1alf ric* or 3ara9et 4alls ric* on edge

ric* %asonr0 ric* %asonr0 ric* %asonr0 ric* %asonr0

or C or C A or

Non "oad .earing 3artitions

5--

C&APTER - % TESTS FOR SAN"

%.1

Fiel3 Test to "eter/i0e Bul:i0g o4 Sa03 .

-.1.1

T6e standard test for .ul*ing is .ased on t6e fact t6at 46ile da+9 sand .ul*s@ t6e volu+e of saturated sand co+9letel0 soa*ed 4it6 4ater is t6e sa+e as if t6e sand 4ere dr0.

-.1.2

To +a*e a field test@ one need a +easuring Car or in its a.sence an0 straig6t sided container a 1 7ilo Aa+ can or a clean e+9t0 can@ and a rule@ a steel rod to rod t6e sand@ 4it6 and a second container to ti9 it into.

-.1.-

>ill t6e container a.out t4o t6ird full 4it6 t6e sand to .e tested. #ro9 it loosel0@ do not 9ac* it do4n. "evel off t6e to9 and 9us6ing a steel rule do4n t6roug6 it to t6e .otto+@ +easure t6e 6eig6t of t6e sand. 'u99ose it is 15 c+.

-.1.2

E+9t0 t6e sand into anot6er container <tal*ing care t6at none of it is lost in t6e 9rocess= and 6alf fill t6e fist container 4it6 4ater. 3ut .ac* t6e sand into t6e 4ater .it .0 .it and *ee9 rodding to re+ove an0 air. ?6en t6e entire sand is full0 saturated@ 9us6 t6e rule t6roug6 t6e sand as .efore and +easure t6e 6eig6t. 'a0 it +easures 12.5 c+.

-.1.5

T6e .uilding is calculated fro+ t6e volu+e of #r0 or saturated sand and 6ence in t6is case .uilding is 2.5 c+ i.e. 2.5 x 1// N 12.5 Q 2/ 9ercent.

T6e volu+e used s6ould t6erefore .e 2/ 9ercent +ore t6an Duoted in t6e s9ecifications.

%.$

Test 4or Aggregates at site

-.2.1

T6e follo4ing c6ec*s s6ould .e +ade on t6e aggregates fro+ ti+e to ti+e. Eac6 load s6ould .e carefull0 exa+ined as it
5-2

arrives and an0 variation fro+ t6e a99roved sa+9le noted.

<a=

$rading E

<i=

$rading is t6e first and t6e +ost i+9ortant 9oint to c6ec*. It +a0 6a99en t6at a load of coarse aggregate@ 46en it is delivered is s6ort of s+aller 9articles or fines. ?6ile an ot6er load +ig6t contain too +uc6 fines@ alt6oug6 .ot6 +a0 co+e fro+ t6e sa+e source. T6is is 9ro.a.l0 due to segregation in t6e stoc* 9ile.

<ii=

$rading s6ould t6erefore .e c6ec*ed against t6e sa+9le as soon as t6e +aterial is delivered. In case 46en accurate 4or* is desired@ it is c6ec*ed .0 a set of standard sieves

<.=

CleanlinessE

<i=

T6e ot6er i+9ortant 9oint to 4atc6 is cleanliness. Cla0@ +ud or fine dust <silt= in t6e aggregate 4ill 4ea*en t6e concrete. ?6ile an0 rotting vegeta.le +atter@ leaves@ coal dust on cigarette .utts +a0 slo4 u9 t6e setting of t6e ce+ent.

<ii=

T6e 1aud test for sand E-As a first test for sand si+9l0 9ic* u9 a little sand and ru. it .et4een 0our 6ands. If 0our 9al+ sta0s clean t6e sand is all rig6t@ fro+ t6e cleanliness 9oint of vie4. If it is stained a detailed test +a0 .e reDuired.

<c=

'ilt test for 'andI

<iii=

Ta*e a 2// +1. +easuring c0linder and fill it 4it6 salt 4ater solution <One tea s9oonful to a.out a litre= u9to a.out 5/ +1. No4 9our sand until t6e level reac6es u9to 1// +Z. +ar*. Add +ore salt 4ater until it reac6es 15/ +1. +ar* and s6a*e
5-5

t6e c0linder 4ell. 'tand it on a level surface and ta9 t6e c0linder until t6e to9 la0er of sand is level. "eave it to settle for so+e ti+e <- 6ours= and +easure t6e 6eig6t of silt la0er all ZO9 of t6e sand. T6is s6ould not .e +ore t6an a.out ( 9ercent of t6e 6eig6t of t6e sand@

<ii=

In case +easuring c0linder is not availa.le a straig6t sided container +a0 .e used. 3ut a.out 5/ ++. of sand loosel0 in t6e Car and 9our on it so+e salt 4ater until 0ou 6ave a.out 2/ ++. of 4ater a.ove t6e sand. No4 s6a*e t6e Car and leave it to sand. %easure t6e de9t6 of t6e silt la0er a.ove and sand .elo4.

<d=

Organic Test E--In case it is felt t6at t6ere are Organic i+9urities t6e sa+9le s6ould .e sent to t6e la.orator0 for Test.

5-(

C&APTER - ' #*PS 2 AN" #*PS 2 P!ASTER

'.1

"e4i0itio0.

2.1.1

$09su+ E-Calciu+ 'ul96ate co+.ined 4it6 t4o +olecules of 4ater in cr0stalline for+ 6aving t6e a99roxi+ate c6e+ical for+ula ECa 'o. 212O

2.1.2

$09su+ 9laster E- T6e 9roducts o.tained .0 t6e calcination of $09su+ are *no4n as $09su+ 9laster. T6ese 9roducts 6it6erto 6ave .een called G'4eet "i+e. G

'.$

Classification of $09su+ 3lasterE

2.2.1

0 calcination of $09su+ t6e co+.ined +olecules of 4ater are re+oved 9artiall0 or totall0 and t6us giving different classes of 9laster <In contract to li+e stone and t6e calcined 9roduct li+e 46ere@ t6e car.ondioxide is re+oved leaving CaO@ 6ere t6e Ca '/2 is not .ro*en onl0 t6e co+.ined +olecules of 4ater are re+oved=.

<a=

3laster of 3aris E--A for+ of 6e+i60drate 4it6out an0 added retarder of set. 1e+i60drate is inter+ediate 9roduct in t6e de60dration of $09su+.

T6e for+ula .eing Ca '/2 12O

<.=

&etarded 6e+i60drate of $09su+ E-'a+e as a.ove exce9t t6at so+e +aterials are added to retard t6e set.

<c=

An60drous $09su+ 9lasterE- A +aterial consisting essentiall0 of an60drous calciu+ sul96ate Ca'O2 9roduced .0 t6e de60dration of $09su+ t6e set of 46ic6 6as .een suita.l0 accelerated.

5-)

<d=

7eene8s Ce+ent E- An60drous calciu+ sul96ate t6e set of 46ic6 6as .een suita.l0 accelerated <In contrast to <c= it is a 9urer variet0 containing greater 9ercentage of Ca '/2=8

T6e +ain c6e+ical reDuire+ents in .rief are as follo4s E

Plaster o4 Paris

Retar3e3 he/ih13rate o4 #1psu/

A0h13rous #1psu/ plaster

9ee0eNs Ce/e0t

1.

'O- 9ercent .0 4eig6t +in.

-5

-5

2/

2)

2.

CaO 9ercent .0 4eig6t

2 N - of 'O-

-do-

-do-

-do-

5-,

C&APTER - ( "RESSIN# OF NAT RA! B I!"IN# STONES

(.1

Scope

5.1.1

T6is s9ecification la0s do4n t6e reDuire+ents regarding descri9tion. 9rocedure and ins9ection for t6e follo4ing t09es of dressing of natural .uilding stones E3itc6es faced dressing 1a++er dressing &oc* facing and c6isel drafting. &oug6 tooling 3unc6ed dressing >ine tooling Close 3ic*ed dressing #ragging or co+.ing and 3olis6ing 5.2. I. 3itc6ed >aced #ressing I- T6e edges of a 9itc6ed faced dressed stone s6all .e level and s6all .e in t6e sa+e 9lane .eing a.solutel0 sDuare 4it6 t6e .ed of t6e stone. 'u9erfluous stone on t6e face s6all .e allo4ed to re+ain t6ere and left raised in t6e for+ of a natural rounded co..le stone. T6e +ini+u+ 4idt6 of 9itc6ed faced dressing round t6e four edges of t6e face of t6e stone s6all .e 2.5 e+. <or 1 inc6=. T6e a99earance of 9itc6ed faced stone is as s6o4n in #rg. No. 5-1. 1a++er dressing E-A 6a++er dressed stone s6all 6ave no s6ar9 and irregular corners and s6all 6ave a co+9arativel0 even surface so as to fit 4ell in t6e +asonr0. A 6a++er dressed stone s6all also 6ave roug6 tooling <'ee 5.2.4) for a +ini+u+ 4idt6 of 2.5 e+. <or I in= along t6e four edges of t6e face of t6e stone. T6e 6a++er dressed stone is also *no4n as 6a++er faced@ Duarr0 faced or rustic faced. T6e a99earance of 6a++er dressed stone is as s6o4n in #rg. No. 5-2. 5.2.-. &oc* >acing and c6isel #rafting E-A stone 46ic6 6as .een dressed in t6is +anner s6al1 6ave a +ini+u+ of 2.5 e+. <or 1 in= 4ide c6isel drafts at t6e four edges@ all t6e edges .eing at t6e sa+e 9lane. An0 su9erfluous stone at t6e centre s6all .e re+oved 4itl1 t6e 9itc6ing tool
5-5

<a= <.= <c= <d= <e= <f= <g= <6= <C= (.$ "escriptio0. 5.2.1

5.2.2

5.2.-

or t6e sca99ling 6a++er. 'tones of t6is t09e are used in .uildings as Duoin stones in t6e Corners of .ric* +asonr0 or ru..le +asonr0 and in 9lint6 to give an a99earance / I8 strengt6 and solidit0. T6e a99earance of roc* faced and c6isel draft stone surface is as s6o4n in #rg. No. 5--. 5.2.2 &oug6 tooling I- A roug6 tooled surface s6all 6ave series of .ands@ 2 to 5 c+. 4ide +ore or less 9arallel to tool +ar*s all over t6e surface. T6ese +ar*s +a0 .e eit6er 6oriBontal@ vertical or at an angle of 25[ as reDuired <'ee #rg. No. 5-2=. T6e edges and corners s6all .e rendered sDuare and true. T6e dressed stone +a0 6ave de9ressions on t6e surface. T6e de9t6 of ga9 .et4een t6e surface and a straig6t edge 6eld against t6e surface s6all not .e +ore t6an - ++. &oug6 tooled stones are used 46ere fairl0 regular 9lane faces are reDuired for +asonr0 4or*. T6e finis6 is a^so called one line or droved finis6 and a s*etc6 of suc6 a surface is s6o4n in #rg. No. 5-2. 3unc6ed dressing E-A roug6 tooled surface is furt6er dressed to s6o4 series of 9arallel ridges. #e9t6 of ga9 .et4een t6e surface and a straig6t edge 6eld against t6e surface s6all not exceed 2 ++. 3unc6ed dressed stones are used 46ere even surface are reDuired. T6is finis6 is also *no4n as t4o line dressed@ .rouc6ed or stugged finis6 and a s*etc6 of suc6 a surface is s6o4n in #rg. No. 5-5. Closed 3ic*ed dressing E-A 9unc6ed stone is furt6er dressed so as to o.tain a finer surface@ t6e ridges or c6isel +ar*s left over .eing ver0 tin0. T6e de9t6 of ga9 .et4een t6e surface and a straig6t edge *e9t over t6e surface s6all not exceed 1 ++. T6is finis6 is also *no4n as t6ree line dressed@ s9arro4 9ic*ed and a s*etc6 of suc6 a surface is s6o4n in #rg. No. 5(. >ine tooling E-Close 9ic*ed surface is furt6er dressed so t6at all t6e 9roCections are re+oved and a fairl0 s+oot6 surface is o.tained. T6e surface s6all 6ave - to 2 lines 9er centi+etre 4idt6 <or , to 1/ lines 9er inc6= de9ending on t6e degree of 6ardness of stone and degree of fineness reDuired. T6is t09e of dressing is ver0 co++onl0 ado9ted for as6lar 4or*. A
52/

5.2.5

5.2.(

5.2.)

s*etc6 of fine tooled surface is s6o4n in #rg. No. 5-). 5.2., #ragging or co+.ing E-'teel 9lates 4it6 serrated edges generall0 *no4n as drags are used for 9ur9oses of co+.ing. T6e drags are divided into 8coarse8 second and fine according to nu+.er of teet6 9er centi+etre. T6e finis6 is given .0 dra4ing t6e drags so as to re+ove all t6e tool +ar*s. T6is is a ver0 co++on finis6 given to soft li+e stones. 3olis6ing E--'tones li*e +ar.le@ granite@ etc. s6all .e 9olis6ed 46en reDuired 3itc6ed faced dressing E-?6en t6e stone is received fro+ t6e Duarr0 face@ it s6all .e dressed along all t6e edges of its face .0 +eans of a +ason8s 6a++er <'ee #rg. No. 5-,= Of clu. 6a++er <see #rg. No. 55= and t6e 9itc6ing tool <'ee #rg. No. 51/= so as to o.tain t6e finis6 descri.ed in 5.2.1. 1a++er dressing E--AIl t6e s6ar9 and irregular corners of t6e stone o.tained .0 .lasting or s9litting s6all .e *noc*ed off .0 using t6e flat face of a sca..ling or s9alling 6a++er <'ee #rg. 5-11 and 512=. ?it6 t6e 9ointed end of t6e 6a++er@ t6e surface s6all .e dressed first .0 lifting t6e 6a++er@ and t6en allo4ing it to dro9 off .0 its o4n 4eig6t in t6e face of t6e stone. T6is s6all .e re9eated several ti+es reducing t6e roug6 surface to a co+9arativel0 even surface so t6at t6e stone can fit in 4ell in t6e +asonr0. &oc* facing and C6isel drafting E--All t6e s6ar9 and irregular corners of t6e stone s6all .e *noc*ed off .0 using t6e flat face of a sca..ling 6a++er. T6e ex9osed faces s6all .e t6en dressed as follo4sE T6e su9erfluous stone along one edge <see #rg. No. 5--= s6all .e *noc*ed off 4it6 a drafting c6isel <see #rg. No. 5-1-= and a 6a++er until it coincides 4it6 a straig6t edge t6roug6out its 46ole lengt6. T6is is *no4n as c6isel draft. >urt6er c6isel drafts s6all no4 .e +ade along ot6er edges so t6at t6e four corners are at t6e sa+e level. #iagonal drafts +a0 .e resorted to in t6e case of large stones to suit reDuire+ents. 'o+e of t6e su9erfluous stone in t6e centre 46ic6 is left raised and roug6 to i++itate a roc*
521

5.2.5 (.% Proce3ure. 5.-.1

5.-.2

5.-.-

li*e surface s6all .e re+oved 4it6 t6e 9itc6ing tool or t6e sca99ling tool or t6e sca99ling 6a++er. 5.-.2 &oug6 toolingE- T6e stone received fro+ t6e Duarr0 is 6a++er dressed. T6en t6e surface of t6e stone s6alI .e dressed re+oving t6e to9 la0er of a.out /.- e+. t6ic* .0 +eans of a 9lane c6isel <'ee #rg. No. 5-12= or a .oaster <'ee #rg. No. 515= and a +ason8s or clu. 6a++er@ .0 for+ing a series of 2 to 5 c+. <1M to 2 in= 4ide .ands of +ore or less 9arallel tool +ar*s 46ic6 cover t6e 46ole surface. T6ese +ar*s +a0 .e eit6er 6oriBontal@ vertical or at an angle of 25u as reDuired@ and in +a*ing t6e+ t6e .oaster or c6isel s6all .e +oved in t6e direction of t6e .and at eac6 stro*e. T6e surface s6all .e tested no4 and t6en 4it6 a +ason8s sDuare <'ee #rg. No. 5-1(= for t6e reDuire+ents given in 5.2.2. 5.-.5 3unc6ed dressing E-#e9ressions are for+ed on t6e roug6 surface of t6e stone in roug6 tooling 4it6 a 9unc6 c6isel <'ee #rg. No. 5-1)= and a +ason8s or clu. 6a++er at close intervals and to a de9t6 of a.out anot6er - ++. to for+ a series of 9arallel ridges. T6e stone s6all .e c6ec*ed 4it6 a straig6t edge for t6e reDuire+ent given in 5.2.5. Close 9ic*ed dressing E-A 9unc6ed stone is furt6er dressed 4it6 a 9oint c6isel <'ee #rg. No. 5-1,= and +ason8s or clu. 6a++er .0 for+ing s+all 9its of a.out ++ de9t6 to o.tain a finer surface@ t6e ridges or c6isel +ar*s left over .eing tin0. T6e stone s6all .e c6ec*ed 4it6 a straig6t edge for t6e reDuire+ent given in 5.2.(. >ine tooling E-- T6e stone received fro+ t6e Duarr0 s6all .e close 9ic*ed and t6en fine tooled 4it6 a serrated or cla4 c6isel <'ee #rg. No. 5-15= and a +ason8s or clu. 6a++er. 0 t6is o9eration@ all t6e 9roCections caused in t6e earlier stages s6all .e re+oved and a fairl0 s+oot6 surface o.tained. T6e finis6 s6all confor+ 4it6 t6e descri9tion given in 5.2.). #ragging or Co+.ing E-After t6e surface of t6e stone 6as .een .roug6t to t6e reDuired level .0 +eans of a du++0 <'ee #rg. No. 5-2/= and soft stone c6isel <'ee
522

5.-.(

5.-.)

5.-.,

#rg. No. 5-21= t6e coarse drag <'ee #rg. No. 5-22= is dragged .ac*4ards and for4ards until t6e tool +ar*s are eli+inated. T6is +a0 .e follo4ed .0 second drag and fine drag according to t6e degree of evenness reDuired. 5.-.5 <a= 3olis6ing E 3olis6ing of stones s6all .e done .0 ru..ing t6e+ 4it6 a suita.le a.rasive@ 4etting t6e surface@ 46ere necessar0@ 4it6 4ater. Alternativel0 9olis6ing of stones s6all .e done .0 6olding t6e+ fir+l0 on t6e to9 of a revolving ta.le to 46ic6 so+e a.rasive +aterial 1i*e sand or car.orundu+ is fed. T6e final 9olis6ing s6all .e 9erfor+ed .0 ru..er or felt@ using oxide of tin called .0 trade as 89utt0 9o4der8@ as a 9olis6ing +ediu+. Eac6 of t6e finis6es s6all .e tested .0 visual exa+ination. T6e sDuareness and 9laneness of t6e .uilding stones s6all .e tested .0 a99l0ing t6e +ason8s sDuare or straig6t edge. T6e stone surface s6all .e c6ec*ed 46et6er it is roug6 tooled@ 9unc6ed or close 9ic*ed according to t6e de9t6 of ga9 .et4een t6e surface and a straig6t edge *e9t on t6e surface along an0 line@ 46ic6 s6all +easure not +ore t6an - ++ for roug6 tooled@ 2 ++ for 9unc6ed and 1 ++ for close 9ic*ed surface. T6e +anufacturer s6all afford all facilities to t6e 9urc6aser or 6is le9resentative for ins9ection of stones at t6e +anufacturer8s 4or*s 9rior to des9atc6.

<.=

(.'

I0spectio0

5.2.1

5.2.2

5.2.-

52-

522

525

52(

C&APTER - + CAEIT* AA!!S

+.1

"e4i0itio0

(.1.1

A 4all@ .uilt of +asonr0 units or of cast in situ concrete or of a co+.ination of t6ese +aterials so arranged as to 9rovide an air s9ace 4it6in t6e 4all t6e t4o leaves .eing tied toget6er at intervals .0 +etal ties.

+.$

A38a0tages o4 Ca8it1 Aalls.

(.2.1

'o+e of t6e advantages of cavit0 4alls are as under I

<a=

Prevention of dampness E- T6e da+9 fro+ t6e outer leaf is 9revented to co+e to t6e inner leaf as t6ere is . no contact .et4een t6e t4o exce9t at t6e 4all ties@ 46ic6 is a i+9ervious +aterial.

<.=

Thermal insulation I--Air .eing a good non-conductor of 6eat t6e air ga9 reduces t6e trans+ission of 6eat. As suc6 t6e interior can .e *e9t cooler during su++ers and 6otter during 4inters.

<c=

Sound insulation E

<d=

Reduction in nuisance of efflorescence E1n $eneral t6e cavit0 4all construction is done for cold storages@ sound 9roofing and in ver0 cold countries for *ee9ing t6e interiors 6ot.

+.%

"esig0 Co0si3eratio0s

(.-.1

T6e cavit0 4alls s6all .e designed as 9er I.'. 15/5 GCode of 3ractice for structural safet0 of .uilding-%asonr0 4alls. 'o+e of t6e salient 9oints are given .elo4.

(.-.2

Effective thickness E- T6e effective t6ic*ness of 4alls for t6e 9ur9oses of calculating slenderness ratio s6all .e deter+ined 4it6 t6e follo4ing for+ula E

52)

Effective thickness : 2 ! "to - #c$

to % over all thickness of the #all includin& cavit'(

#c % #idth of cavit'(

?6en t6e load is carried .0 one leaf onl0 t6e 9er+issi.le stress for t6at leaf may be

.ased on t6e slenderness ratio calculated fro+ t6e effective t6ic*ness given a.ove. Alternatel0 t6e effective t6ic*ness@ +a0 .e ta*en as t6e actual t6ic*ness of 4alls.

)oundations E->oundations s6all generall0 .e calculated on t6e assu+9tions t6at t4o se9arate 4alls are eDuivalent to a solid 4all eDual in t6ic*ness to t6eir co+.ined t6ic*ness i. e. for a cavit0 4all co+9osed of t4o 1/ c+ 4alls t6e foundations s6all .e si+ilar to t6at for 2/ e+. solid 4all to trans+it t6e load safel0 to t6e ground.

52,

C&APTER - , AE!"IN# ,.1 "e4i0itio0 ).1.1 ?elding is a 9rocess .0 +eans of 46ic6 a union is effected .et4een t4o 9ieces of +etal at faces@ rendered 9lastic or liDuid .0 6eat or .0 9ressure or .ot6. >iller +etal +a0 .e used to effect t6e union. Entire cross section of tension +e+.ers is utilised as t6ere are no rivet 6oles to .e deducted. No gusset 9lates reDuire t6us reducing t6e 4eig6t of structure also. T6ere are no 9rotruding rivet 6eads. #ifferent +et6ods of 4elding can .e classified under t4o .road 6eadings. )usion #eldin& E-- ?6ere t6e 9arts to .e Coined are +ade solid .0 +elting and fusing toget6er@ often 4it6 t6e addition of an extra +etal to +a*e u9 t6e Coint e.g. $as 4elding@ %etal arc 4elding@ t6er+it 4elding <4it6out 9ressure=. ).-.-. *eldin& #ith pressure E-T6e 9arts are 9ressed toget6er and .roug6t to t6e te+9erature necessar0 to create t6e 9lastic state at 46ic6 4elding is .roug6t a.out under 9ressure e.g. &esistance 4elding@ force <fire= 4elding@ 3ressure 4elding@ and t6er+it 9ressure 4elding etc. >usion 4elding is +ost co++onl0 used in .uilding 4or*s@ t6e +ost co++on t09e .eing $as or +etal arc 4elding. T6ese +et6ods are also used for de9ositing +etal to +a*e u9 colar@ to fill u9 crac*s@ and to 9rovide surfaces on ot6er +etals. Principle E-Ox0gen and acet0lene 46en +ixed in suita.le 9ro9ortions On .urning give a fla+e 46ic6 in its 6ottest region attains a te+9erature of a99roxi+atel0 -2//[C and t6is 6ig6 te+9erature is used to ac6ieve fusion. +x'-,cet'lene #eldin& e-uipment E-- T6e 4elding eDui9+ent co+9rises ofE +x'&en .'linders ,cet'lene .'linders &egulator and $auges.
525

,.$

A38a0tages o4 Ael3i0g Proce3ure

).2.1

).2.2 ).2.,.% T1pes o4 Ael3i0g ).-.1 ).-.2

).-.-

).-.2

,.'

O71 - Acet1le0e Ael3i0g

).2.1

).2.2 <a= <.= <c=

<d= <e= <f= <g= ).2.).2.-.1 A. ).2.-.2

?elding .lo4 9i9es and noBBles. 1oses. ?elding rods and fluxes. $oggles@ 1el+et and .rus6es etc. S'stems of +x'-,cet'lene *eldin&:T6ere are t4o +et6ods of ox0-acet0lene 4or*ing as 1ig6 9ressure s0ste+. "o4 9ressure s0ste+. In 6ig6 9ressure s0ste+ .ot6 ox0gen and acet0lene are used fro+ 6ig6 9ressure c0linders. Ox0gen c0linders are c6arged to a 9ressure of 12/ at+os96eres <12/ 7g / e+ 2= .ut acet0lene o4ing to its ex9losive tendenc0 46en co+9ressed@ is su99lied in c0linders in t6e for+ *no4n as 8#issolved Acet0lene8. T6e 9ressure of acet0lene is a.out )5 7gNc+2. In t6e lo4 9ressure s0ste+ t6e acet0lene is generated in a lo4 9ressure generator b' t6e action of 4ater on calciu+ car.ide@ and is su99lied to t6e .lo4 9i9e at lo4 9ressure fro+ a gas 6older incor9orated in t6e generator. In t6is t6e acet0lene 6as to .e cleaned b' 9assing t6roug6 a 9urifier@ and to 9revent t6e 9ossi.ilit0 of an ex9losion .0 ox0gen or air .lo4ing .ac* and entering t6e generating 9lant@ a .ac* 9ressure valve +ust .e introduced .et4een t6e .lo4 9i9e and gas 6older. Pressure re&ulator E-- efore t6e 6ig6 9ressure gas fro+ t6e c0linders can .e used in t6e .lo4 9i9e its 9ressure +ust .e reduced. T6e su99l0 is t6erefore ta*en t6roug6 a reducing valve@ 46ic6 scre4s into t6e c0linder outlet. T6e 9ressure of t6e gas@ .eing fed to t6e .lo4 9i9e@ is controlled .0 a s9ring loaded dia96rag+. Variations of 9ressure necessar0 for different siBed noBBles .eing controlled .0 a graduated adCusting scre4 46ic6 varies t6e co+9ression of t6e s9ring. Blo# pipe and no00les EOx0gen and acet0lene fro+ c0linders are carried to t6e .lo4 9i9e b' tu.es@ t6e su99l0 of eac6 gas .eing controlled b' a regulating valve. In t6e 6ig6 9ressure s0ste+ t6e gases 9ass to a +ixing c6a+.er 46ic6 ensures +ixing of gases in correct 9ro9ortions and t6ence t6roug6
55/

).2.-.-

).2.2

).2.5 ).2.5.1

t6e 6ead of t6e .lo4 9i9e to t6e noBBle ti9. ).2.5.2 In t6e lo4 9ressure blo# 9i9e t6e ox0gen is led t6roug6 an inCector noBBled inside t6e .od0 of t6e 9i9e and in its 9assage dra4s t6e lo4 9ressure acet0. lene into t6e +ixing c6a+.er giving it t6e necessar0 velocit0 to 9ressure a stead0 flo4. In order to var0 t6e siBe of fla+e <and 6eat su99l0= necessar0 to 4eld var0ing t6ic*ness of +etal as election of ti9s is availa.le for t6e .lo4 9i9e@ eac6 of t6ese is +ar*ed s6o4ing its gas consu+9tion in litres 9er 6our and a ta.le su99lied 4it6 t6e .lo4 9i9e s6o4s 46ic6 ti9 s6ould .e used to 4eld an0 reDuired t6ic*ness of +etal. T6e deliver0 9ressure fro+ t6e regulator +ust .e varied according to t6e siBe of ti9 used. 1oses E--1oses are of s9ecial t09e. &ed colour 6ose s6ould .e used for acet0lene gas 46ic6 is co+.usti.le and .lac* colour for ox0gen so t6at t6e gases are not inter c6anged. *eldin& rods E).2.).1. ?elding rods su99l0 t6e filler +etal for 88velding and different t09es of rods are availa.le for different 9arent +etals to .e 4elded. I.'. 12), gives details of a.out -2 t09es of 4elding rods and 4ire. T6is I. '. s6ould .e referred for t6e selection of rig6t t09e of 4elding rod to +eet t6e reDuire+ent. >or general 9ur9oses 46ere .utt 4eld strengt6 of -5./ 7gN111+E_ is reDuired lo4 car.on +ild steel filler rods are used. Accessories T6e follo4ing accessories are reDuired for 9rotection of 4elders E .hippin& &o&&les :--, 9rotective device enclosing as .ase in front of t6Y e0es to s6ield t6e+ fro+ inCur0 during c6i99ing or grinding. T6ese arc fitted 4it6 t4o 9lain glasses. Face Shield E--A 9rotective device 6eld in t6e 6and to s6ield t6e face and t6roat fro+ inCur0 during 4elding. It is fitted 4it6 a 4indo4 consisting of 4elding glass and 9lain glass. 1elmet E--A 9rotective device su99orted on t6e 6ead and arranged to s6ield t6e

).2.5.-

).2.(

).2.) ).2.).1

).2.).2

).2., ).2.,.1 <a=

<.=

<c=

551

face and t6roat. <d= *eldin& &loves E--$loves to 9rotect t6e 6ands or gauntlets fro+ 6eat and +etal s9las6es due to 4elding. *eldin& &o&&le E--$oggles 4it6 tinted8 lenses used during 4elding to s6ield e0es @fro+ inCur0 during 4elding. )lame and t'pe of flame : T6e correct adCust+ent of t6e fla+e is i+9ortant for relia.le 4elds and also t6e +aintenance of a constant fla+e at t6e desired adCust+ent is i+9ortant. T6e fla+es are generall0 classified as car.urising@ neutral and oxidising. A car.urising fla+e contains an excess of acet0lene. ?6en 4elding steel@ t6is 4ill tend to give t6e steel inG t6e 4eld a 6ig6er car.on content t6en t6e 9arent +etal resulting in a 6ard and .rittle 4eld. Neutral fla+e 6o4ever contains nearl0 eDual a+ount of ox0gen and acet0lene@ and is +ost co++onl0 used for steel@ stainless steel@ cast iron@ co99er@ alu+iniu+@ etc. Neutral fla+e 6o4ever contains nearl0 eDual a+ount of ox0gen and acet0lene@ and is +ost co++onl0 used for steel@ stainless steel@ cast iron@ co99er@ alu+iniu+@ etc. T6e oxidising fla+e contains excess of ox0gen and is used for 4elding .rass or ox0-acet0lene cuttings. .ommon defects in flames I'o+e of t6e co++on deftEcts in t6e fla+e are as under EBack fire E-- T6e +o+entar0 recession of t6e fla+e in t6e lo4 9i9e follo4ed .0 i++ediate rea99earance or co+9lete extinguis6+ent of t6e fla+e@ usuall0 acco+9anied .0 an ex9losive sound. )lame snap out E--1ar+less unintentional extinction of a gas 4elding fla+e@ so+eti+es acco+9anied .0 a +inor ex9losion. )lash Back E- #angerous retrogression of a gas 4elding fla+e .e0ond t6e .lo4 9i9e .od0 into t6e 6ose 4it6 su.seDuent ex9losion. Sustained
552

<e=

).2.5 ).2.5.1

).2.5.2

).2.5.-

).2.5.2

).2.5.2

).2.1/ ).2.1/.1 <a=

<.=

<c=

<d=

Back

)ire

E-3ossi.le

retrogression of a gas 4elding fla+e into t6e .lo4 9i9e nec* or .od0@ t6e fla+e re+aining alig6t. Note E--It is usuall0 acco+9anied .0 9o99ing and so+e ti+es t6ere is a s+all 9ointed fla+e at t6e noBBle. ).2.11 ).2.11.1 *eldin& practice E*eldin& Positions E--- T6e 4elding 9osition of a 4eld is defined .0 its slo9e and rotation as indicated in ta.le .elo4 ERotatio0 not exceeding 1/o not exceeding 5/o Exceeding 1/o not exceeding 5/o Vertical Over 6ead Exceeding 25o Not exceeding 25 <a=
o

#E>INITION' O> ?E"#IN$ 3O'ITION' Positio0 >lat Inclined 1oriBontal Vertical Slope Not exceeding 1/o Exceeding 1/o not exceeding 25o f Not exceeding 1/o

an0 Exceeding 5/o

*eld Rotation E--T6e angle .et4een t6e u99er 9ortion of t6e vertical reference 9lane 9assing t6roug6 t6e sa+e root intersecting t6e 4eld surface at a 9oint eDuidistant fro+ eit6er toe of t6e 4eld. *eld-Slope E--T6e angle .et4een t6e line of t6e root of a 4eld and t6e 6oriBontal. Methods of +x'-,cet'lene #eldin& E-

<.= ).2.11.2

).2.11.2.1 T6e various +et6ods e+9lo0ed in ox0acet0lene 4elding are as follo4s E<a= Ri&ht#ard method E--In t6e rig6t4ard +et6od t6e 4elding .lo4 9i9e and 4elding rod are so dis9osed t6at t6e fla+e 9oints .ac* at t6e co+9leted 4eld 46ile t6e rod is inter9osed .et4een and is constantl0 in t6e +olten 9u..le. T6e 4elding rod is given an elongated elli9tical +otion on t6e surface of t6e 4eld 9u..le. All 9osition &ig6t4ard +et6odE- T6e all 9osition rig6t 4ard +et6od is a +odification a rig6t4ard tec6niDue 46ere.0 t6e fla+e 9recedes t6e rod. T6is +et6od is 9articularl0 suita.le for t6e 4elding of +ild steel 9late and 9i9e in t6e vertical@ 6oriBontal vertical and over6ead 9osition.
55-

<.=

<c=

2eft #ard "or for#ard$ ,lethod E--In t6is 9rocess t6e 4elding .lo4 9i9e and 4elding rod are so dis9osed t6at t6e fla+e 9oints slig6tl0 to4ards t6e direction of 4elding and t6e 4eld rod. In order to distri.ute t6e 6eat and t6e +otion +etal t6e .lo4 9i9e and rod are given oscillating or s4inging +otions. 3ertical up#ard #eldin& sin&le operation E--In t6is +et6od t6e 4elding is done .0 a single o9erator and t6e 4elding 9roceeds u94ards using t6e tec6niDue 46ere t6e 4elding rod 9recedes t6e fla+e along t6e Coint. 3ertical up#ard #eldin& t#o operations #orkin& simultaneousl' I-- In t6is tec6niDue@ t6e t4o o9erators face eac6 ot6er on o99osite sides of t6e Coint. T6e o9erators use .lo4 9i9e of t6e sa+e 9o4er@ 4elding #roceeds u94ards using t6e tec6niDue 46ere t6e 4elding rod 9recedes t6e fla+e along t6e Coint. utt 4elds onl0 are 9ossi.le .0 t6is +et6od.

<d=

<e=

).2.11.-.1 T'pe of #elds :).2.11.-.1 The usual form of #eld used in structural #ork are as under E<a= <i= Butt *eldin& :T6is is t6e +ost co++on t09e of 4elding used in structural 4or*. efore carr0ing out t6e 4eld t6e 9ieces s6ould .e straig6tened and edges cleaned. >or t6ic*er 91ates and rods etc. t6e edges are ta9ered to for+ a vee. >or t6in 9lates t6e c6a+fer +a0 .e for+ed .0 6and grinding 46ereas t6ic*er sections +a0 .e +ac6ined. 'ince 4elding is essentiall0 a casting 9rocess care +ust .e ta*en t6at t6e Coint is +ade .0 t6oroug6l0 fusing t6e +etals toget6er and not .0 stic*ing +elted filler rod on t6e surfaces to .e Coined. T6is can .e avoided if care is ta*en to ensure t6at co+9lete fusion 9enetrates over t6e entire surface to .e 4elded. If t6e +aterial .eing Coined is 8veed8@ for t6e 9ur9oses of adding additional +etal fro+ t6e filler rod@ t6e ai+ s6ould .e to concentrate t6e 6eat of t6e fla+e into t6e 8vee8 until a +olten 9ool of +etal a99ears and t6en add +etal fro+ t6e rod .0 di99ing t6e end into t6e 9ool so t6at it
552

<ii=

+elts and +a*es u9 t6e vee. >or t6ic*er 9lates@ it +a0 .e necessar0 to fill in t6e .otto+ of t6e vee 4it6 one 9ass and re9eat t6e 9rocess 4it6 additional la0ers of filling until t6e 4eld is co+9lete. After eac6 la0er 6as .een de9osited t6e slag for+ed s6all -.e re+oved carefull0 so t6at a solid 4eld 4it6out an0 slag cavities is for+ed.

On no account s6ould t6e 4or* .e 6urried and care s6ould .e ta*en t6at t6e fla+e is not 6eld@ too long in one 9lace causing 6ole in . t6e 9late. ).2.11.-.2 )illet *eldin& EYIn fillet 4elding t6e 4eld is of a99roxi+atel0 triangular cross section Coining t4o surface a99roxi+atel0 at rig6t angles to eac6 ot6er in a la9 Coint@ tee Coint or corner Coint. ).2.11.-.2 Procedure E-- T6e 9lates are first 9ostioned and tac*ed at suita.le 9oints to 6old t6e+ in 9osition. T6e 4elding is t6en carried out .0 .uilding u9 t6e fillet 4it6 additiona1 filler rod. 3recautions s6ould .e ta*en to ensure 9ro9er fusion and 9enetration .ut t6e 9latos s6ould not get undul0 under cut .0 allo4ing t6e fla+e to d4ell too long and +elt a4a0 a large a+ount of t6e t6ic*nesses. ).2.11.2 ).2.12.1 .ast-iron #eldin& ET6e +ain difference of 4elding cast iron is its lo4 fluidit0@ t6us +a*ing fusion fluidit0. A flux is t6us necessar0 to +a*e u9 for t6e loss of silicon .0 t6e 4elding fla+e. '9ecial t09e of 6ig6 silicon 4eld rods are t6erefore used and satisfactor0 4eld o.tained. T6is 6o4ever reDuire furt6er 9recautions as t6e uneven ex9ansion and contraction caused .0 local 6eating of t6e article often results in t6e occurance of crac*s. %ost cast iron 4elding is carried out for t6e re9airs of castings 46ic6 are usuall0
555

).2.12.2

.e of co+9licated s6a9e t6us causiug uneven ex9ansion. To ex9lain t6is@ consider a casting as s6o4n 46ic6 is reDuired to .e 4elded set8 A8

If 4elding is carried out 46en t6e t4o Ai+.s : C are cold@ t6e li+.8 A8 on cooling 4ill contract and +a0 result again in a crac* so+e46ere in 4e. A. <3ro.a.l0 t6e 4eld itself=. T6is is due to t6e rigidit0 of t6e re+ainder of t6e casting 9reventing unrestrained8 contraction in t6e centre li+.. T6is can .e overco+e .0 9re6eating li+.s : C to a red 6eat@ +a*ing t6e 4eld and t6en allo4ing t6e t6ree li+.s to cool and contract toget6er. A .etter +et6od still 4ould .e - to 6eat t6e 46ole casting to a red 6eat +a*e t6e 4eld and t6en allo4 t6e 46ole to cool do4n slo4l0. T6is 9re6eating is i+9ortant on castings and if a +uffle furnace or forge is not availa.le a te+9orar0 structure of fire .ric*s +a0 .e .uilt round t6e casting and 6eated 4it6 gas .urners or a c6arcoal fire. ).2.12.?elding o9eration E- >or 4elding cast iron t6e 9ractice of 9re9aring t6e Coint to t6e for+ of a vee is follo4ed in t6e sa+e 4a0 as for steel. I f a crac* 6as to .e +ade good a vee s6ould .e cut on one or .ot6 sides at t6e crac* using a file@ c6isel@ +ac6ine or ot6er convenient +et6od. T6e slag : oxide on t6e surface of t6e finis6ed 4eld s6ould .e *e9t re+oved .0 scra99ing and .rus6ing 4it6 a 4ire .rus6. Safet' precautions for the use of oxv,cet'lene e-uipment E-?elding s6ould .e carried out .0 an ex9erienced 4elder and during 4elding it is necessar0 to ta*e due 9recautions for safet0 of +en and +aterial. 'o+e of i+9ortant 9recautions 46ic6 s6ould .e c6ec*ed .0 t6e su9ervisor0 staff are as follo4s. 1andlin& and stora&e of c'linders E #o not allo4 t6e c0linders to dro9.
55(

).2.1-

<a= <.=

<c= <d=

#o not +ix gases in a c0linder or fill one gas c0linder fro+ anot6er. Acet0lene and ox0gen c0linders s6ould .e *e9t a9art 9refera.l0 in 4ell ventilated@ fire 9roof se9arate roo+s. C0linders s6ould .e stored and used@ a4a0 fro+ 6eat ex9osed lig6ts or fires and infla++a.le +aterials and 9recautions +ust .e ta*en against lea*age. $as c0linders s6ould not .e allo4ed to co+e in contact 4it6 electric ca.les or leads. C0linder valves s6ould .e 9rotected against t6e entr0 of grit@ dirt or an0 sort@ oil or 4ater. efore t6e c0linder is 9ut in use@ t6e valves +ust .e o9ened to ex9el t6e dust and +oisture. &e9airs to t6e c0linder valves s6ould not .e atte+9ted .0 t6e user. 4se of e-uipment E ?elders and 4or* s6ould as far as 9ossi.le .e 9rotected fro+ 4ind and 4eat6er. T6e .lo4 9i9e s6ould never .e 9ut do4n or 6ung fro+ eDui9+ent or stands unless t6e gases are turned off. EDui9+ent s6ould .e tested occasionall0 for lea*s .efore .eing used. T6e valves of t6e c0linders s6ould al4a0s .e o9ened slo4l0 and 46en closing excessive force s6ould not .e used. T6e valves s6ould .e closed Cust sufficient onl0 to s6ut off t6e gas. C0linder valves s6ould .e s6ut 46ere t6e c0linder is e+9t0 or 46en 4or* 6as sto99ed for +ore t6an fe4 +inutes. NoBBle s6ould never .e cleaned .0 +eans of a +etal 4ire@ 46ere 8 ac*fire8 occurs due to over6eating. T6e ti9 s6ould .e cooled in 4ater ta*ing care to close t6e acet0lene valve and to leave t6e ox0gen valve slig6tl0 o9en. If internal ignition occurs freDuentl0 t6e .lo4 9i9e s6ould .e sent for re9airs. Rubber 1ose E--T6e ru..er 6ose +ust .e ins9ected 9eriodicall0 for an0 crac*@ cut or 4ornout 9laces. All connections s6ould .e securel0 +ade as lea*ages are ver0 dangerous. Precautions a&ainst fire I55)

<e=

<f=

<g= ).2.1-.2 <a=

<.=

<c= <d=

<e=

).2.1-.-

).2.1-.2

<a=

'9ar*s fro+ a 4elding@ o9eration are often t6ro4n to a considera.le distance@ t6erefore 9recautions s6ould .e ta*en to cover or re+ove an0 article l0ing near a.out 46ic6 +ig6t catc6 fire@ .efore starting t6e 4or*ing. "ig6ting devices are safer and convenient t6an +atc6es. ?elding of vessels used for storing infla++a.le +aterials. efore 4elding an0 vessel or tan* 46ic6 +a0 6ave contained 9etrol@ oil@ s9irits or an0 ot6er infla++a.le or ex9losive +aterial@ it s6ould .e +ade a.solutel0 sure t6at t6ese 6ave .een t6oroug6l0 4as6ed and cleaned leaving no trace of t6e su.stance or its va9ours. T6e vessel or tan* can .e filled 4it6 4ater to 4it6in an inc6 or t4o of t6e 9oint 46ere t6e fla+e is to .e a99lied as a 9recautionar0 +easure. All 4elders s6ould 4ear s9ecial goggles fitted 4it6 suita.le coloured glasses 46ic6 s6ould not 6ave infla++a.le lenses or fra+es@ for 9rotection of t6e e0e against t6e s9ar*s and strain. ?elders e+9lo0ed on 6eav0 4or*s s6ould .e su99lied 4it6 fire 9roof gauntlets and a9rons as a 9rotection against radiated 6eat and 46ere 4elding is done in t6e interior of sa+e structure or confined s9ace@ all t6e outer clot6ing s6ould .e fire 9roof. 5efinition E-Arc 4elding is a t09e of >usion 4elding in 46ic6 6eat for 4elding is o.tained fro+ an electric are@ struc* .et4een t6e rod <Electrode= and t6e 4or* 9iece@ a te+9erature of !677897778 C .eing attained near t6e crator of t6e arc. Metal ,rc *eldin& E-uipment E *eldin& Set : Arc 4elding +a0 .e o9erated 4it6 direct@ or alternating electric current. In t6e #irect current < #. C. = 4elding sets t6e current is generated .0 a s9ecial generator 46ic6 +a0 .e driver generators@ are e+9lo0ed. T6e later one .eing 9referred for +o.ile sets. Alternating current < A. C. = 4elding sets derive t6e current fro+ an electric transfor+er 46ic6 ta*es in current at +ains voltage and transfor+s it to t6e
55,

<.=

<c=

,.(

2etal are Ael3i0g

).5.1

).5.2 ).5.2.1 <a=

<.=

voltage necessar0 for t6e arc <,/-1// volts=. <c= <i= <ii= &elative Advantages ETransfor+er sets are c6ea9er and si+9ler t6an generator sets. 'ince t6ere are no +oving 9arts in a transfor+er set@ +aintenance is al+ost nil. #.C. 4elding sets are su9erior for 4elding cast iron and non-ferrous +etals. T6ere is al4a0s necessit0 of using electrods 46en 4or*ing 4it6 alternating current. Re&ulator E--A regulator is 9rovided to ena.le 4elder var0 t6e electric curregt to suit t6e 4or*. T6is regulating arrange+ents +a0.e incor9orated in t6e set itself. Electrode 1olders I-- T6e electric 6older 9rovides +eans for cla+9ing and 6olding t.e rod in a suita.le 9osition and 6as t6e necessar0 electrical connections to t6e set. Electrodes ::eneral E-- Electrodes not onl0 su99l0 t6e filler +etal for 4elding .ut also act as one ter+inal and stri*e t6e electric arc. T6ese are usuall0 +ade in lengt6s ranging@ fro+ 2/ c+ to 25 c+ 4it6 1.( ++. to 5./ ++. core dia+eter. T6e co+9osition var0 de9endnig on t6e 9iece to .e 4elded and are .are and c1eanat .ot6 t6e ends. T6is are lengt6 at t6e 6older end is usuall0I 2 c+ to - c+.@ 46ere as at t6e arc end it +ust .e sufficient to 9er+it eas0 stri*ing of t6e arc. !suall0 it s6ould not exceed t6e dia+eter of t6e core 4ire su.Cect to a +axi+u+ of 2.2 ++. .overin& E-Electrodes are coated 4it6 c6e+icals or fluxes 46ic6 ena.le a steadier arc to .e +aintained@ and .0 fluxing and covering t6e 4eld@ 9ro+ote i+9roved Dualit0 in t6e 4eld. "ig6t@ +ediu+@ and 6eav0 coated electrodes are availa.le eac6 .eing selected for t6e nature of 4or* 9iece and line current. T6e lig6t coated electrodes 6ave t6in la0er of a c6e+ical suc6 as li+e 46ic6 6el9s to sta.ilise t6e arc 6as little effect
555

<iii= <iv=

).5.2.2

).5.2.-

).5.2.2 <a=

<.=

on fluxing on slag for+ation. %ediu+ and 6eavil0 coated electrodes are covered 4it6 9aste containing silicious +atter 46ic6 +elts and fluxes t6e 4eld@ at t6e sa+e ti+e de9ositing a 6eav0 la0er of slag over t6e finis6ed 4eld@ 9reventing oxidation and reducing t6e rate of cooling. T6is la0er of slag s6ould .e re+oved 4it6 a 9ic* .efore t6e next la0er of 4eld is a99lied. T6e covering also contains su.stances 46ic6 give off gases and envelo9 t6e +olten seat of t6e 4eld@ 9reventing at+os96eric oxidation 46ilst t6e o9eration is in 9rogress. T6ese electrodes assist and s6ield t6e arc .ecause t6e covering +elts at a slo4er rate t6an t6e +etal core@ 4it6 t6e result t6at t6e casing 9roCects .e0ond t6e +olten end of t6e electrode +etal

T6e electrode used s6ould confor+ to t6e relevant 1. '. s9ecification and onl0 a99roved +a*e of electrode 4it6 1. '. certification +ar* s6ould .e used. ?6ile in use t6ese s6ould .e *e9t 9rotected so as not to da+age t6e covering. <c= <i= <ii= ).5.).5.-.1 T'pes of Electrodes E--T6e electrodes are of t4o t09e <I.'. ,12=. Nor+al 9enetration electrodes. #ee9 9enetration electrodes. ,rc *eldin& Practice E T6e 9re9aration of t6e 9lates is si+ilar to t6e +et6ods necessar0 for ox0-acet0lene 4elding. ?it6 #.C 4or*ing@ instructions as to 46et6er Electrode for+s t6e 9ositive or negative is usuaII0 given 4it6 t6e electrodes. ?it6 A.C. o9eration t6e 9olarit0 is i++aterial ?6en co++encing a 4eld t6e electrode 6older@ is 6eld in t6e rig6t 6and and t6e face s6ield@ if a 6and 9attern@ in t6e left. T6e arc +a0 .e struc* .0 Ca..ing t6e rod
5(/

).5.-.2

on to t6e 9late and t6en 4it6 dra4ing to a.out - ++ to ( ++ a4a0@ or .0 scra99il1g t6e 9late 4it6 it@ using a slig6t circular +otioi1 so t6at t6e arc is struc* at t6e .otto+ of t6e travel. ?6en t6e arc is esta.lis6ed t6e electrode is 6eld at a fairl0 stee9 angle and t6en +oved slo4l0 and evenl0 to4ards t6e o9erator. T6e de9osited .ead of +etal s6ould .e continuous and even@ 4it6 good 9enetration into t6e 9arent +etal. >igure given .elo4 s6o4s t6e correct +et6od of filling in avee. After eac6 run of 4eld t6e la0er of slag for+ed s6ould .e carefull0 re+oved 4it6 9ic*@ 4ire .rus6 or ot6er convenient tool. ).5.-.>illet and la9 4elding +a0 .e carried out 4it6 t6e arc +et6od in t6e sa+e 4a0 as for ox0-acet0lene 4elding. .ast /ron *eldin& b' ,rc method E-?6en 4elding cast iron .0 t6e arc +et6od@ t6e electrodes used are eit6er of a steel .ase 4it6 suita.le allo0ing ele+ents <e.g. 'ilicon= or of non-ferrous +etal suc6 as 96os96or .ronBe. T6e general +et6od for t6e 9re9aration of t6e 4eld is si+ilar to t6at for ox0-acet0lene 4or* exce9t t6at 4it6 arc 4elding no 9re6eating is necessar0 unless t6e casting is ver0 co+9licated in s6a9e. T6is is .ecause t6e 6eat is +uc6 +ore 6ig6l0 concentrated and localised in arc 4elding@ a factor 46ic6 often gives t6e arc +et6od a great advantage over ox0acet01ene 4or*ing. Often a 4eld 6as to .e +ade near to a .earing or to finis6ed surfaces 46ic6 4ould .e s9oiled .0 undue 6eating@ ox0acet0lene 4elding 4ould@ in all 9ro.a.ilit0 result in suc6 a s9read of 6eat t6at t6e 4or* 4ould .e ruined@ .ut .0 using t6e arc +et6od +etal at onl0 a s+all distance fro+ t6e 4eld 4ill .e left co+9arativel0 cold.

).5.2

5(1

C&APTER - #RANO!IT&IC F!OOR - FINIS& -.1 #e0eral ,.1.1 A co++on and dura.le floor finis6 for concrete and reinforced concrete floors is t6e $ranolit6ic finis6. It is nor+all0 9rovided in 9u.lic .uildings li*e 'c6ools@ 1os9itals@ an*s@ >actories etc. 46ere floors are reDuired to resist 6eav0 4ear a.nd tear and for 46ic6 attractive a99earance is not essential. #ura.ilit0 of t6e finis6 is ac6ieved .0 incor9orating toug6 Dualit0 of coarse aggregates li*e $ranite in a ric6 +ix of concrete or +ortar. >ollo4ing +ixes are in co++on use for $ranolit6ic finis6 E One 9art of 9ortland ce+ent@ to 2 9arts of fine aggregate@ suc6 as ver0 coarse sand. One 9art of 9ortland ce+ent@ one 9art of fine aggregate suc6 as coarse sand and one 9art of still coarser aggregate consisting of clean 6ard@ crus6ed roc* li*e $ranite. >or 6arder surface <46ere floor is su.Cect to considera.le 4ear suc6 as truc*ing= +ixture co+9osed of one 9art of coarse aggregate +a0 .e used. >or s9ecial dut0 floors a.rasive grit +a0 .e s9rin*led over t6e surface during floating o9erations at t6e rate of 1.5 7g to 2 7gN'D. +. /nte&ral finish E-- ?6en finis6 is laid over t6e .ase concrete@ 46ile still in t6e 9lastic stage@ nor+all0 to get an integral finis6 t6e finis6 +ust .e 9laced 4it6in 1M 6our of la0ing .ase concrete or structural sla.. Bondedfinish E->inis6 is laid on t6e 6ardened surface of t6e .ase concrete and .onded to t6e sa+e .0 ce+ent slurr0. ,dvanta&es of ;/nte&ral finish; over ;Bonded; E T6e 8Integral finis68@ considered .0 itself is a.out one t6ird c6ea9er t6an t6e 8 onded >inis68 c6iefl0 due to t6e reduction in t6e a+ount of +aterials and saving in t6e cost of 9re9aring .ase for 8 onded finis6.8
5(2

-.$

2i7

,.2.1 <a= <.=

<c=

<d=

-.%

T1pes o4 Fi0ishes

,.-.1

,.-.2

-.'

&elative Advantages and #isadvantages of T4o T09es

,.2.1

<a=

<.= ,.2.2 <a=

<.= <c=

<d= ,.2.-

,.2.2 -.( A38a0tages o4 #ra0olithic Fi0ish I ,.5.1 ,.5.2 ,.5.2 -.+ "isa38a0tages o4 #ra0oIithicFi0ish I ,.(.1

,.(.2

Anot6er advantage of 8Integral finis68 is t6at a 9erfect .ond is ac6ieved .et4een t6e .ase sla. and t6e finis6. 5isadvanta&es of /nte&ral finish T6e integral finis6 +ust .e a99lied .efore t6e concrete-.ase 6as set. T6us t6e 4or*ers +ust 4or* overti+e in order to finis6 all t6e floor 9laced on t6at da0. T6is adds to t6e cost@ s9eciall0 46ere extra rates are to .e 9aid for over ti+e. To avoid inCur0 to t6e finis6@ t6e use of t6e floor for furt6er construction 4or* +ust .e dela0ed. ?6en 9lacing for+s for u99er floor it is not 9ossi.le@ even 4it6 9ro9er 9recautions to 9revent da+ages and scratc6ing of t6e finis6. In .ad 4eat6er t6e finis6 is ex9osed to t6e action of t6e rain and frost@ unless 9articular 9recautions are ta*en E T6e .onded finis6 6as t6e advantages +entioned a.ove. It is usuall0 9rovided after t6e .uilding 6as .een co+9leted .ut it +a0 6o4ever .e a99lied at an0 ti+e. T6e fres6 finis6 need not .e ex9osed to use until it 6as 6ardened sufficientl0. No s9ecial 9rotection for 8 onded-finis68 is reDuired. T6e +ost serious o.Cection to 8 onded finis68 is t6at if not 9ro9erl0 .onded to t6e .ase@ t6e finis6 +a0 9eel off. >loors 4it6 granolit6ic finis6 are sanitar0. T6e0 can .e easil0 cleaned .0 a 4ater 6ose. $ranolit6ic finis6 is dura.le. If 9ro9erl0 .uilt it 4ill resist severe 4ear@ for an indefinite 9eriod.. #isadvantages of $ranolit6ic->inis6 I T6e .iggest o.Cection on t6e use of suc6 t09e of finis6 is due to its large conductivit0 of 6eat. If a .uilding is 6eated unifor+l0@ t6e floor sla. also +aintains a unifor+ te+9erature. T6e o.Cection can .e re+oved .0 oiling and 9ainting t6e floors@ t6us relieving t6e cold a99earing colour of concrete. $ranolit6ic finis6 is less resilient@ 4or* 9laces 46ere 4o+en are reDuired to stand all da0 s6ould .e covered 4it6 so+e +aterial suc6 as linoleu+ or ru..er. >or offices also@ a covering of t6is c6aracter need generall0 .e e+9lo0ed.

5(-

C&APTER - 5 "ISTE2PERS ? PAINTS

5.1

"ISTE2PERS

5.1.1 5.1.1.1

#efinition %aterials *no4n as diste+9ers are si+ilar in co+9osition to oil-9aints t6e difference .eing t6at t6e .inder or +ediu+ for diste+9ers is a 4ater solu.le one .eing eit6er so+e suita.le glue or an oil e+ulsion and conseDuentl0 t6e t6inner is generall0 4ater. ?6ereas .inder or +ediu+ for oil 9aints is so+e oil and t6inner is tur9entine. $eneral T6e surface 9ainted 4it6 diste+9ers is s+oot6 and dura.le gives ver0 good 9leasing +att finis6. It is reasona.l0 to co+9letel0 4as6a.le and does not s9oil t6e clot6es 46en ru..ed against t6e surface de9ending u9on t6e t09e of diste+9er. T1pe or :i03s o4 "iste/pers. #iste+9ers are of t4o t09es as given .elo4E #iste+9er dr0. #iste+9er oil e+ulsion. 5istemper dr' E- T6e +aterial is in t6e for+ of fine dr0 6o+ogeneous 9o4der free fro+ t6e odour of 9utre-faction as suc6 and 46en +ixed 4it6 4ater s6all consist of suita.le 9ig+ents@ extenders and li+e 9roof tinters and 4ater solu.le .inders and 9reservatives in suita.le 9ro9ortions so as to give diste+9er co+9l0ing 4it6 t6e reDuire+ents of I' E 22). 'o+e of t6e reDuire+ents 46en tested according to t6e +et6ods 9rescri.ed in t6e Indian standard No. 22) are as given .elo4 I

5.1.2 5.1.2.1

5.1.5.1.-.1 <i= <ii= <a=

5(2

S.No. 1. 2. -.

Characteristics &esidue on I' 'ieve No. (( %icron. &esistance to dr0 ru..ing &ecoating 9ro9erties.

Re<uire/e0ts Note +ore t6an 5 J . T6e fil+ of t6e +aterial s6all not soil t6e clot6 +ore t6an t6e a99roved sa+9le. T6e fil+ of t6e +aterial s6all .e ca9a.le of .eing satisfactoril0 recoated 4it6out lifting or 4or*ing u9 of t6e first coat. T6e +aterial s6all s6o4 no c6ange of colour. ?6en tested as 9rescri.ed in A99endix E of I'E 22) it s6all not .e inferior to t6e a99roved sa+9le. T6e test consist of s9ra0 ing t6e fil+ for 6rs. 4it6 4ater 46en t6ere s6ould .e signs of no c6ange in colour@ fla*ing or re+oval and is not inferior in t6ese res9ects to a99roved sa+9le. Not +ore t6an - 6ours on 15/ X 15/ ++ neat ce+ent .loc*. Not inferior to t6e a99roved sa+9le. Not less t6an one 0ear fro+ t6e date of +anufacture.

2. 5.

e6aviour to4ards li+e. ?as6a.ilit0

(. ). ,.

#r0ing ti+e <1ard dr0= >astness to lig6t 7ee9ing 9ro9erties of t6e dr0 diste+9er

<.= 5istemper oil emulsion:-The +aterial is in t6e for+ of a 6o+ogeneous 9aste free fro+ offensive or disagreea.le odour and s6all consist of suita.le 9ig+ents@ extenders and li+e 9roof tinters and oil e+ulsion .inders and 9reservatives in suita.le 9ro9ortions so as to give diste+9er co+9l0ing 4it6 t6e reDuire+ents of Indian 'tandard No. I'E 22,. 'o+e of t6e reDuire+ents 46en tested according to t6e +et6ods 9rescri.ed in t6e Indian 'tandard No. I' E 22, are as given .elo4 E S.No. 1. 2. -. Characteristics &esidue on I' 'ieve No. (( %icron. &esistance to dr0 ru..ing &ecoating 9ro9erties. Re<uire/e0ts Note +ore t6an 1 J . T6e fil+ of t6e +aterial s6all not soil t6e clot6 +ore t6an t6e a99roved sa+9le. T6e fil+ of t6e +aterial s6all .e ca9a.le of .eing satisfactoril0 recoated 4it6out lifting or 4or*ing u9 of t6e first coat. T6e +aterial s6all s6o4 no c6ange of colour. ?6en tested as 9rescri.ed in A99endix E of I' E22, t6e +aterial s6all satisf0 t6e reDuire+ents of t6e test and Y6all not .e inferior to t6e a99roved sa+9le. T6e test in .rief consist of ex9osing t6e fil+ outside
5(5

2. 5.

e6aviour to4ards li+e. #ura.ilit0

(. ). ,.

#r0ing ti+e <1ard #r0= >astness to lig6t 7ee9ing 9ro9erties of t6e 9aste diste+9er

for 25 da0s and t6en su.Cecting to a s9ra0 of 4ater for ( 6ours dail0 for ( da0s and *ee9ing ex9osed .et4een treat+ent. ?6en t6ere s6ould .e no signs of fla*ing or 9eeling or ot6er evidence of .rea* do4n and t6e colour of t6e ex9osed fil+ on t6e .loc* does not fade do4n to a greater extent t6an t6e a99roved sa+9le. Not +ore t6an - 6ours on a l5/xl5/++ neat ce+ent .loc*. Not inferior to t6e a99roved sa+9le. Not less t6an ( +ont6s fro+ t6e date of +anufacture.

5((

5.$ PAINTIN# 5.$.1 The /ai0 o=@ects 4or pai0ti0g a01 sur4ace ca0 =e groupe3 as u03erI <a= 5ecoration:

<.= <i= <ii= <iii= 5.2.1.1

Protection E 3rotection of +etals fro+ corrosion. 3rotection of t6e surface suc6 as 4ood fro+ 4eat6ering. 3rotection fro+ iological attac* Protection of metals 8E- T6e corrosion of +etals +a0 .e at+os96eric or under su.+erged conditions. Ox0gen of at+os96ere in 9resence of +oisture acts on t6e surface@ causes corrosion and in t.e 9resence of acidic +aterials li*e CO2@ '/2 and ultraviolet ra0s etc. accelerates t6e 9rocess. In su.+erged conditions t6e salts 9resent in t6e solution cause electrol0tic corrosion. T6e a.ove 9rocesses can .e retarded .0 9eriodic 9ainting +etal surfaces@ 4it6 suita.le 9aints. T6e 9aint fil+ s6ould .e *e9t in 9ro9er condition as an0 scratc6es in t6e 9aint fil+ can start corrosion 46ic6 +a0 extend to t6e entire .od0 of +etal under t6e fil+.

5.2.1.2

Protection of #ood E- ?ood used in .uilding activit0 is constantl0 adCusting itself to t6e c6anges of t6e cli+ate and 6u+idit0 of at+os96ere. T6e 4ood s6rin*s in t6e dr0 season and ex9ands in 6u+id conditions. T6ese 9roduce 4ar9ing@ t4isting etc. T6e function of 9aint is to seal t6e surface 4it6 a 9aint s0ste+ so as to 9revent t6ese 9eriodic c6anges of +oisture content in t6e .od0 of 4ood. T6e fil+ of so+e s9ecial 9aints also 9revent t6e access of 46ite ants@ ter+ites etc. to t6e 4ood surface. T6e 4ood to .e 9ainted s6ould 9refera.l0 .e 4ell seasoned@ as unseasoned 4ood 4ould .ring lot of difficulties suc6 as fla*ing etc. Protection of plastered 4allE-3lastered surfaces need 9rotection fro+ a.rasion@
5()

5.2.1.-

gro4t6 of algae and fungi. T6ese are 9rotected .0 use of s9ecial 9aints. 'ince .ot6 li+e and ce+ent used in 9laster 4or* contain al*alies@ t6e 9aint s6ould .e resistant to t6ese. 5.$.$ Preparatio0 o4 Sur4aces. 5.2.2.1 It is i+9erative t6at t6e surface to .e 9ainted s6ould .e 9erfectl0 clean of rust@ foreign +atter@ or loose +aterials as t6ese foreign .odies 9revent t6e ad6esion of 9aint s0ste+ to t6e surface. T6e corrosion if it 6as alread0 started on t6e surface 4ould not get c6ec*ed if t6e surface is not cleaned of all rust etc. .efore a99l0ing 9aints. 'o+e s9ecial 9recautions in 9ainting different surfaces are as underE 5.2.2.2 Metal surface E-Oil or grease on t6e surface s6ould .e cleaned .0 4as6ing 4it6 9etroleu+@ et6er@ .enBeneI etc. and t6e surface allo4ed to dr0 <t6e 9etroleu+@ et6er etc. .eing volatile 4ill eva9orate Duic*l0=. All loose rust@ scale ad6ering to t6e surface s6ould .e carefull0 cleaned .0 4ire .rus6ing@ scra9ing@ c6i9ing@ a.rasive 9a9ers etc. 'o+e 9o4er tools are also availa.le for cleaning 4or*. >la+e cleaning de60drate t6e rust and re+ove Illst .0 differential ex9ansion .ut it is not reco++ended for use in sections less t6an ( ++ in t6ic*ness. T6e fla+e s6ould not .e ta*en too close to t6e surface ot6er4ise t6e ver0 6ig6 te+9erature created 4ould fuse t6e rust and +etal toget6er. One ot6er tec6niDue used in cleaning t6e surfaces is 'and lasting. >inal cleaning in all t6ese +et6ods s6all .e cleaned 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er or 4ire .rus6ing. 5.2.2.5.2.2.-.1 <a= *ood surfaces E <e# surfaces E .leanin&:- T6e surface to .e 9ainted s6all .e cleaned of all loose dust@ dirt and ru..ed do4n to s+oot6 finis6 4it6 a.rasive 9a9ers of grade I : /@ t6e later one .eing used for finis6ing. $reat care s6ould .e ta*en to clean t6e s6a9ed
5(,

9ieces@ grooves@ corners etc. T6e ru..ing s6ould .e carried out 4it6 a stead0 reci9rocating +ove+ent 4or*ing in t6e direction of t6e grains of 4ood and t6e surface *e9t dusted of foreign +atter to avoid t6e for+ation of scratc6es on t6e surface. Oil and grease stains if not re+oved .0 a.rasive 9a9ers +a0 .e re+oved .EI ru..ing 4it6 a 46ite +uslin clot6 soa*ed in .enBcne or tur9entine and allo4ed to dr0 co+9letel0@ glass 9a9ered and dusted /1f. <.= =nottin&: -7nots +a0 exude a resinous +aterial solu.le in t6e usual 9aint solvent. T6ese reDuire s9ecial attention@ as t6e resin starts .leeding@ it stains t6e entire 9aint. It is t6erefore@ necessar0 to a99l0 one or t4o coats of G7nottingG on t6ese *nots and resinous sa990 9arts and ru. it s+oot6 and flus6 4it6 surroundings .efore 9ainting t6e surface 4it6 a 9ri+er. #ifferent t09es of *notting used for 4ood surface are as under. +rdinar' or si0e =nottin& E--T6is is a99lied in t4o coats@ t6e first coat of 46ic6 s6all .e +ade .0 grinding I *g. of &ed "ead in 1/ "itre of 4ater and +ixing it 4it6 2 *g. of strong glue. T6is coat is a99lied 6ot. T6e second coat consist of &ed "ead ground in oil and t6inned 4it6 oiled linseed oil and tur9entine. Patent =nottin& E- T4o coats of varnis6@ +ade .0 dissolving 15/ g+. of s6ellac in M litre of +et60lated s9irit and +ixing t6is 4it6 15 g+. of &ed "ead@ are -.99lied on t6e affected 9art. 2ime =nottin& E-In #eodar or ot6er soft 4ood t6e *nots are treated 4it6 a coat of li+e 9utt0 and t6e surface allo4ed to dr0 fer 22 6ours@ after 46ic6 li+e 9utt0 is scra9ed off and ordinar0 *notting as s9ecified a.ove a99lied. <c= Stoppin& E-It .eco+es necessar0 to close all t6e Coints@ crac*s@ 6oles in 4ood .efore 9ainting. T6is is done 4it6 6ard sto99ing 46ic6 is +ade .0 +elting o9e 9art of ee ?ax to one 9art of suita.le &esin and 1( 9art of Orange lac .0
5(5

4eig6t@ on a gentle 6eat@ Colouring 9ig+ent +a0 .e added 46ile t6e 46ole +ass is in +olten state. T6e sto99ing is for+ed in t6e s6a9e of stic*s etc. and t6e 6oles etc. filled using a 6ot +etal stri9. Alternativel0 soft sto99ing or 9utt0 +a0 .e used. 'everal varieties of t6is are availa.le. 'to99ing is a99lied onl0 after t6e surface 6as .een 9ri+ed and .efore a99l0ing t6e under coat. After filling t6e crac*s@ t6e surface is cleaned and ru..ed do4n s+oot6 4it6 A.rasive 9a9er. 5.2.2.-.2 +ld surfaces E-Old 9aint s6ould not .e stri99ed off unless necessar0. 3aint need stri99ing off onl0 if it is crac*ed@ .listered@ fla*0@ 4rin*led or if a drastic colour c6ange is reDuired. ?6en old 9aint does not need stri99ing it s6ould .e t6oroug6l0 9re9ared .0 4as6ing 4it6 'oa9 ?ater and ru..ing do4n 4it6 9u+ice or a.rasive 9a9er. T6e surface is finall0 rinsed off 4it6 clean 4ater and left to dr0 .efore a99l0ing t6e 9aint fil+. 3aint re+oval is generall0 effected .0 an0 of t6e +et6ods descri.ed .elo4. <a= Blo# 2amp E- ?6ile re+oving t6e 9aint 4it6 .lo4 torc6es@ care s6ould .e ta*en to 9revent scorc6ing of 4ood 4or*. urning off is not suita.le for narro4 glaBing .ars@ curved surfaces and t6e surfaces 46ic6 are good conductors of 6eat. Scrapin&:- T6e surface is generall0 ru..ed 4it6 stiff .ristle@ .rus6es and surface ru..ed 4it6 A.rasive 9a9er and 4ater till t6e surface is s+oot6. It is allo4ed to dr0 .efore re9ainting. Paint removers E-C6e+ical 9aint re+overs of various t09es are availa.le and t6ese s6ould .e used strictl0 as 9er instructions of t6e +anufacturer8s. Caustic stri99ers 46ic6 cause da+age to t6e surface@ need to .e co+9letel0 neutraAised after used@ to 9revent t6ese attac*ing t6e ne4 fil+. '9irit or 'olvent 9aint re+overs are also availa.le. 'tri99ed surface
5)/

<.=

<c=

s6ould .e

ru..ed

s+oot6 and cleaned .efore a99l0ing ne4 9aint. 5.2.2.2.2 5.2.2.2.1 Plastered surfaces E <e# Surfaces E-Ne4l0 9lastered surfaces contain +oisture free al*ali or ot6er solu.le salts 46ic6 da+age t6e oil 9aint s0ste+. It is@ t6erefore@ advisa.le to a99l0 oil 9aint onl0 after a.out a 0ear 6as ela9sed since construction. Even t6an oil 9art s6ould .e 9receded .0 al*aliresisting 9ri+er. T6ese surfaces can 6o4ever@ .e effectivel0 9ainted .0 ?ater ase 9aints or E+ulsion 9aints .ecause of t6eir tolerance for da+9. %oisture 9resent in t6e surface is a.le to eva9orate .ut even in suc6 cases@ it is 9refera.le if t6e surfaces is reasona.l0 dr0. E+ulsion 9aints are not intended for 4et surfaces. T6e surface s6ould .e 9re9ared for receiving 9aint .0 cleaning it off all foreign +atter and ru..ing do4n 4it6 A.rasive 9a9er. 5.2.2.2.2 +ld Surfaces E-Old coating 46ic6 are in .ad condition@ loose or fla*0 s6ould .e scra99ed off and t6e surface coated 4it6 suita.le sealer .efore a99l0ing ne4 9aint. 'urface 9reviousl0 finis6ed in 4ater .ound or e+ulsion 9aints@ if in good condition need 8not .e 4as6ed do4n. ut surfaces finis6ed in G'iBe- ound diste+9erG +ust .e t6oroug6l0 4as6ed to re+ove all traces of 46iting and siBe.

5)1

5.% B I!" P OF A PAINT S*STE2 5.%.1 Buil3 up o4 a Pai0t S1ste/ 5.-.1 5.-.1.1 $eneral An individual coat of 9aint for+s an extre+el0 t6in fil+@ it 4ould not .e desira.le@ even if it 4ere 9ossi.le@ to tr0 to o.tain as great a t6ic*ness 4it6 one coat as 4it6 t6ree or four coats 9ro9erl0 a99lied and allo4ed to 6arden. A good 9aint s0ste+ consists of a reasona.le nu+.er of se9arate coats suc6 as 9ri+er@ sealer coat@ under coat and finis6ing coat eac6 selected so as to for+ collectivel0 a 4ell .alanced closel0 *nit@ ad6esive and 9rotective fil+@ 3ri+ing is t6e foundation of a 9aint s0ste+@ u9on 46ic6 t6e sta.ilit0 of t6e 46ole s0ste+ de9ends. Its functions are to satisf0 t6e a.sor9tion of 9orous surfaces fro+ a .arrier to 9revent c6e+icall0 active surfaces fro+ destro0ing t6e 9aint s0ste+@ in6i.it t6e corrosion of ferrous +etal surfaces and generall0 act as a .ridge .et4een t6e surface and t6e 9aint s0ste+ to ena.le su.seDuent coats to fulfil t6eir 9ur9ose. 3ri+er reco++ended for so+e surfaces are as under E5.-.2.1.1 *ood E->or +ost 9ur9oses@ t6e +ost suita.le 9ri+er is one co+9osed of 46ite lead in linseed oil +ediu+ 4it6 red lead added as a 6ardening agent. T6e 3ri+er s6ould .e oil0 enoug6 to satisf0 t6e a.sor9tion reDuire+ent and still .ind t6e 9ig+ent 9articles left on t6e surface. >or 6ard 4ood t6e 9ri+er +a0 .e t6inned 4it6 u9to 1/J of 46ite s9irit to assist 9enetration@ 46ereas for soft 4ood it +a0 .e t6inned 4it6 oil. >or resinous 4ood@ 4it6 9ro+inent grain an alu+iniu+ 9ri+er s6ould .e favoured. It is ver0 i+9ortant t6at all end grains@ faces and edges s6ould .e 4ell 9ri+ed 46et6er t6ese are ulti+atel0 visi.le or not. T6is s6ould .e done 9refera.l0 .efore trans9ort to t6e site of 4or* so as to 9rotect it during transit and storage on t6e .uilding sites. Onl0 a99roved .rand Dualit0 of 9ri+er
5)2

5.%.$

Pri/ers

5.-.2.1

s6ould .e used@ t6e ingradients of a co++on 4ood 9ri+er .eing as under E ?6ite "ead Q ) 7gs. &ed "ead Q M 7g. oiled "inseed Oil Q 5 "itres "it6age Q 125 g+s. ?6enever 9ri+ed surface is left ex9osed for so+e ti+e .efore co+9leting t6e 9a1l1ting@ it s6ould .e exa+ined carefull0 after fixing or .efore a99l0ing under coat and 9ri+er touc6ed u9 46erever necessar0 to ensure t6at t6e 9rotective fil+ is co+9lete. 5.-.2.1.2 1. 2. 5.-.2.1.Buildin& boards: As.estos ce+ent-An al*ali resisting 9ri+er is suggested. >i.re 1ard oard@ %ill oard etc.Nor+al 4ood 9ri+er +a0 .e used. T6e +etal 9ri+er s6ould .e a99lied Cust after descaling to o.tain .etter results and as for as 9ossi.le t6e 9ri+er 9rotective coat s6ould .e a99lied .efore deliver0 to t6e site of 4or*. T6e function of t6e 9ri+er is to in6i.it rusting or corrosion of +etal surface 46ic6 6ave a tendenc0 to revert to its original ore for+. T6e 9ri+er 6el9s to .rea* t6is action and 9revents corrosion to s9read. T6e usual 9ri+er for ferrous +etals are .ased on &ed lead@ Oinc c6ro+ate@ "ead c6ro+ate@ etc. T6e fil+ deteriorates if ex9osed too long and second coat s6ould .e a99lied on surface as soon as 9ossi.le. >or site +ixing@ t6e nor+al 9ri+er for ferrous surfaces +a0 .e 9re9ared .0 +ixing 2 *g. of &ed "ead to 1 "itre of .oiled "inseed oil. 5.-.2.1.2 <i= Primers or plaster E <e#l' plastered surface E-In addition to +oisture t6ese contain al*ali or solu.le salts. It is t6erefore@ desira.le to dela0 t6e 9ainting till t6e surface 6as dried. Alternativel0 it +a0 .e decorated 4it6

5)-

so+e 9orous or. 4ater .ase 9aint. <ii= +ld >Surfaces E- T6e 9ri+er for suc6 surface s6all 6ave al*ali resisting 9ro9erties to safeguard t6e 9aint fil+ fro+ 6ar+ful effects of salts in 9laster. T6ese are used to reduce t6e suction of a.sor.ent surfaces@ .ind do4n 9revious coatings or 9revent an0 solu.le +atter on or in t6e surface fro+ da+aging t6e ne4 9aint s0ste+. T6ese include Duic* dr0ing varnis6es for c6ec*ing 9orosit0@ t6in oil0 solutions for 9enetration and .inding do4n loose +aterial s6ellac solution for treating 7nots or 9reventing .leeding and alu+iniu+ 9o4der in conCunction 4it6 ot6er +aterials also for 9reventing .leeding. T6e under coat 9rovide 8 uild8 or fil+ t6ic*ness@ o9acit0@ and t6e +ost suita.le surface for t6e rece9tion of t6e finis6ing coat@ 46ilst filling s+all local de9ressions in t6e surface. T6is coat s6ould 9rovide 9ro9er ad6esion .et4een 9ri+er coat and finis6ing coat and s6ould .e of colour s6ade close to t6e final finis6ing coat. T6e under coats generall0 dr0 out over nig6t. >inis6ing coat on dr0ing s6ould leave a 6ard 9rotective fil+ coating 46ic6 9rovide t6e reDuired colour@ texture@ and degree of gloss and offer resistance to +oisture 9enetration@ destructive effects of sunlig6t and t6e 9articular conditions +et 4it6 in an0 s9ecial circu+stances suc6 as in c6e+ical 4or*@ .re4eries@ .a*eries etc. &ead0 +ade 9aints for finis6ing coats are availa.le in var0ing degrees of gloss@ full gloss@ se+i gloss@ +att@ etc. TAB!E - I COMMON DEFECTS IN PAINTING, CAUSES, PRECAUTIONS AND RE2E"IA! 2EAS RES S.No. 1. Pro=a=le Causes G leedingG <i= 3ainting on #iscolouration of creosoted staining of a ne4l0 4ood or 9ainted surface .0 .itu+inous so+e constituents of tie 9ainted
5)2

5.%.%

Sealer coat.

5.-.-.1

5.%.'

03er Coat .

5.-.2.1

5.%.(

Fi0ishi0g Coat .

5.-.5.1

"e4ects

Precautio0s <i= ?ood surface and *nots in it s6ould .e sealed

Re/e3ial 2easures 3aint to .e stri99ed off co+9letel0@ surface treated and re9ainted.

surface

surface 4it6 out sealing <ii= 7nots not 9ro9erl0 treated <iii= leeding of 9ig+ents fro+ c6ea9 9in* 9ri+ers. <i= %oisture or volatile su.stance tra99ed under 9aint fil+ and exuding under t6e influence of 6eat and sunlig6t and 9us6ing a4a0 t6e fil+ <ii= In adeDuate 9ri+ing of 6idden 9arts

9ro9erl0 .0 Alu+iniu+ sealer@ Duic* varnis6. <ii= !se of suita.le 9ri+ers.

2.

G listeringG 3aint fil+ .eing 9us6ed a4a0 fro+ surface

<i= !se of seasoned 4ood. <ii= 7nots cut out and 9lugged. <iii= AdeDuate 9ri+ing on 6iding 9arts a.utting +ain structure <iv= Ne4l0 9lastered surface 9lastered surface not to .e 9ainted 4it6 gloss 9aints.

"oose 9aint to .e re+oved rasinous *nots cut and 9lugged@ surface allo4ed to dr0 and redecorated.

-.

G loo+ingG #evelo9+ent of dull fil+.

<iii= 3ainting on unseasoned 4ood. <iv= &esinous *nots <v= A99lication of gloss 9aint on ne4 9laster <i= 3resence of +oisture in at+os96ere or surface 46ile 9ainting

<i= 3ainting no to .e carried in 6u+id conditions.

<ii= 3ainting over 4ax0 surface

<ii= Ever0 coat of 9aint s6ould .e dr0 .efore furt6er

<i= If defect 6as a99eared after varnis6 6as dried due to 6u+id condition@ it +a0 disa99ear on c6ange of 4eat6er or .0 .ris* 9olis6ing. <ii= If defect occurs .efore or during dr0ing@ 9aint

5)5

coat is a99lied <iii= 3oor 4or*+ans6i9 <iv= 3oorfinis6ing 9aint i.e. too +uc6 driers in it. <v= >inis6 a99lied .efore under coat 6as dried. <i= !se of dirt0 .rus6es <iii= !se of su9erior 9aint <iii= etter 4or*+ans6i9

s6ould .e stri99ed off and re9ainted.

2.

rus6 %ar*s

<i= !se of standard and clean .rus6es. <ii= !se of s*illed la.our <iii= A99lication of 9aint of 9ro9er consistenc0

<i= 'urface ru..ed 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er and a coat of 9aint a99lied

<ii= !ns*illed 4or*+ans6i9 <iii= 3aint .eing too t6ic*

5.

8C6al*ingG To9 surface of 9aint .eco+es 9o4der0.

<iv= rus6ing on 9artiall0 set 9aint. <i= 3aint <i= !se of deficient in 3ro9er 9aints .inder used on ex9osed surfaces <attac* of 4eat6er= <ii= Nor+al 9aint a99lied over 9orous surfaces 46ic6 6ave not .een sealed 9ro9erl0 <i= Insufficient dr0ing .et4een 9aint coats. <ii= !se of 9ri+ers on 9orous surfaces

3aint re+oved co+9letel0 and re9ainted ta*ing 9recautions for using 9ri+er and rig6t Dualit0 of 9aint.

(.

GCrac*ingG or GCraBingG

<ii= Incorrect or excessive

5)(

<i= 'urface to .e 9ainted s6ould .e clean. 'to99ing@ siBe etc. s6ould .e ru..ed off .efore 9ainting <ii= !se of correct 9ri+er

<i= In +ild for+@ recoating after ru..ing first coat.

<ii= In severe for+@ stri9 t6e

).

,.

5.

and under coat@ and correct ti+e allo4ed for t6e+ to 6ard. <iii= A99l0ing <iii= #o not 6ard gloss a99l0 Duic* 9aint on soft dr0ing over 9ri+er or soft oil 9aints under coat. or use t6e 6ard dr0ing 9aints over soft .itu+inous surfaces. G#iscolourationG Attac* of Careful <excluding t6at due to c6e+icals@ selection of dirt=. suc6 as 9aints *ee9ing sul96er in in vie4 t6e gases and salts ex9osure to in under l0ing 46ic6 it 4ill surface. .e su.Cected. 'lo4 #r0ing or !neven <i= 'urface not <i= !se of #r0ing 9ro9erl0 suita.le cleaned. t6inner <ii= !n<ii= 3ro9er suita.l0 cleaning of t6inner surface <iii= 3ainting <iii= 3ainting on .itu+inous in 9ro9er 9roduct or 4eat6er 4ax 9olis6 <iv= 3ainting in unsuita.le 4eat6er suc6 as forst@ rain or in fu+es laden at+os96ere G>las6ingG Occurance <i= !n-suita.le <i= !se of of gloss0 9atc6es on 9aint suita.le 9aints 9aints intendd to dr0 flat.

drier in finis6ing 9aint.

old 9aint co+9letel0 and redecorate

3aint s6ould .e stri99ed off and surface redecorated.

<i= !99er coat of 9aint ru..ed 4it6 a.rasive and ne4 coat of good 9aint given.

1/.

>loating strea*s of different colour on surface

<ii= I+9ro9erl0 9re9ared surface <i= Non stirring of 9aints .efore use.

<ii= 'urface 9ro9erl0 9re9ared 3aint t6oroug6l0 stirred and +ixed .efore use.

!99er coat of 9aint ru..ed 4it6 a.rasive and one +ore coat of good 9aint given.

5))

11.

G>la*ingG rea*ing of 9aint in 9atc6es fro+ t6e surface.

12.

G>la*ingG rea*ing of 9aint in 9atc6es fro+ t6e surface.

<ii= !n suita.le co+.ination of 9ig+ents of 9aint. <i= 3resence of +oisture eit6er in t6e surface or de9osited on it during 9ainting <i= 3resence of +oisture eit6er in t6e surface or de9osited on it during 9ainting <ii= 3ri+ing coat 9oorl0 a99lied <iii= 'urface not 9ro9erl0 cleaned. <iv= 'alt encrustations. <v= 3aint too .rittle. <i= 3oor *e0 due to insufficient ru..ing <ii= ?ea* .ac*ing suc6 a soft diste+9er <iii= "ac* of ad6esion due to da+9ness or c6e+ical attac*

<i= !se of 9ro9erl0 9ig+ented 9aint for t6e ex9osure condition <i= 'urface s6ould .e dr0.

3ainted surface to .e ru..ed 4it6 sand 9a9er and re9ainted. >la*ed areas to .e ru..ed do4n and redecorated after allo4ing to dr0 co+9letel0.

<ii= 3ainting not to .e carried in 6u+id conditions <iii= $loss of old 9aint to .e .ro*en .efore a99l0ing furt6er 9aint.

1-.

G3eelingG

<i= 3ro9er 9re9aration of surface

3aint scra9ed off co+9letel0@ surface 9ri+ed and redecorated.

<ii= !se of 9ro9er 9ri+er <iii= 'easoned 4ood

12.

G%ould gro4t6G. ?ood <i= 3aint on deca0ing da+9 or unseasoned 4ood

5),

<iv= 'election of 9aint to suit t6e ex9osure. <i= !se of seasoned 4ood

3aint stri99ed off and surface cleaned off

+ould gro4t6 co+9letel0@ allo4ed to dr0 and redecorated 4it6 fungicide 9aint. <ii= Entr0 of 4ater t6roug6 o9ening of Coints or t6roug6 end grains. <ii= Also 6idden surfaces to .e 9ri+ed. <iii= !se of fungicide 9aints. <i= !se of good 9aints.

15.

G$rininingG 3oor o9acit0

<i= Insufficient o.literating 9o4er of 9aint due to under 9ig+entation of 9aint or too +uc6 t6inner <ii= !nder coat too t6in or uneven. <iii= 3oor 4or*+ans6i9 <i= In sufficient cleaning of +etal surface .efore 9aint. <ii= !se of unsuita.le 9ri+er

'urface ru..ed 4it6 a.rasive 9a9er and 9ainted 4it6 one or t4o coats.

<ii= Trained decorator <iii= 'trirring of 9aints .efore use. <i= 3ro9er cleaning

1(.

&usting

3aint scra9ed co+9letel0@ surface 9ri+ed and redecorated.

1).

G'a9onificationG

Attac* on oil 9aints : oil .ound diste+9er of li+e in 9resence of certain salts and +oisture

1,.

GEfflorescenceG ?6ite fluff0 de9osit on t6e to9 of 9aint or +a0

'alts fro+ t6e structure are carried to t6e

5)5

<ii= A99lication of suita.le 9ri+er i++ediatel0 after cleaning 'urface s6ould .e dried .efore 9ainting. Al*ali resistant 9ri+ers s6ould .e a99lied .efore a99l0ing t6e 9aint. Efflorescence s6ould .e 4i9ed a4a0

'cra9 off t6e 9aint@ allo4 to dr0 and re9air using al*ali resistant 9ri+er@ .efore a99l0ing t6e 9aint 9ro9er.

If efflorescence is 9us6ing off

9us6 out t6e 9aint

surface .0 and 4ait until 4ater and it ceases de9osited after dr0ing.

15.

"oss of ad6esion. 3eeling@ .listering and fla*ing

2/.

Coloured s9ots or 9at6ces.

#ue to +oisture in side Efflorescence or fria.le 9laster $ro4t6 of fungi or +oulds due to da+9 conditions s9eciall0 46ere siBe of 9aste are 9resent

'urfaces s6ould .e dried .efore 9ainting. #a+9 conditions s6ould .e re+edied. >ungicidal@ or algaecidal 9aints s6ould .e used.

t6e decoration stri9 t6e 9aint@ allo4 t6e surface to dr0@ clean it and re9aint. If efflorescence is on t6e to9 4i9e off fro+ ti+e to ti+e until it ceases. "oose 9aint s6ould .e re+oved@ surface allo4ed to dr0 and re9ainted. Old 9aints s6ould .e re+oved. 'urface treated 4it6 fungicidesolution @ allo4ed to dr0 and 9ainted containing fungicidal in gradients.

5,/

5.' FRENC& PO!IS& 5.'.1 #e0eral Co/positio0B Purpose etc.. 5.2.1 >renc6 3olis6 is a co+9re6ensive ter+ a99lied to a variet0 of solutions essentiall0 co+9osed of '6ellac and #enatured '9irit or si+ilar .asic +aterials and 46ic6 is used as a decorative 9olis6 for ?ood 4or*@ to 9roduce .rilliance of finis6 46ic6 6eig6ten t6e effect of t6e grain.

5.2.1.2

T6e +ost co++on stoc* of >renc6 3olis6 is o.tained .0 dissolving 15/ g+ to -// g+s. of t6e co++on .ro*en fla*ed s6ellac in a litre of +et60lated s9irit. '+all Duantities of suita.le gu+s suc6 as co 9al .enBoin etc. are added to suit t6e varied reDuire+ent of colour@ lusture etc. and t6e solution is strained t6roug6 a dou.le t6ic*ness of coarse +uslin .efore use.

5.'.$

Applicatio0

<i=

T6e 9olis6 is a99lied to t6e 9re9ared 4ood surface 4it6 a 9olis6ing 9ad of soft clot6 containing a.sor.ent cotton filling and not 4it6 a .rus6. 'everal coats are necessar0 to o.tain t6e reDuired finis6. T6e entire 9rocess can .e divided into stagesE i. e.

od0ing In@ od0ing Out and '9iriting Out. T6e initial 9rocess of G od0ing InG is +ainl0 4it6 t6e o.Cect of sto99ing t6e a.sor9tion reDuire+ent of t6e surface and G od0ing OutG .uilds u9 t6e foundation of t6e 9olis6. T6e G'9iriting Out later 9roduces t6e .rilliance of finis6.

<ii=

T6e 'toc* used for s9iriting out is usuall0 different fro+ t6at used in od0ing in and od0ing out@ and t6e 9rinci9le of s9iriting out is to dissolve t6e t6innest 9ossi.le la0er off t6e last od0 and levelling it out.

<iii=

Precautions E-#a+9ness and dust 9revent t6e 9roduction of first class 4or*. T6e at+os96ere s6ould t6erefore .e free fro+
5,1

dust and t6e 4or* s6ould not .e carried out during rain0 season. est 4or* is 9roduced if t6e te+9erature can .e +aintained at a.out 1,[c <(5[>= T6e ai+ of staining is to c6ange or +odif0 t6e colour for i+itating a su9erior s9ecies of ti+.er 46ile still 9reserving t6e a99earance of t6e grain of t6e 4ood to entrance it rat6er t6an cover it u9 as in case of 9ainting. T6ere are a nu+.er of 'taining 9rocesses na+el0 4ater staining@ '9irit 'taining@ Oil 'taining@ varnis6 staining@ c6e+ical staining and 4ax staining. ?ater or s9irit stainings are +ost co++onl0 used. T6e 4ater or s9irit act as a solvent and suita.le colouring ingradient is added to it@ great care s6ould .e ta*en to a99l0 t6e stain unifor+l0 to t6e surface so as to 9roduce a 9erfectl0 even colouring 4it6out 9atc6iness.

5.'.$

Staining

5.2.-.1.

5,2

C&APTER - 16 "A2P PROOF CO RSIN# TO B I!"IN#

16.1

"a/p0ess i0 =uil3i0g

<i=

16.$

"a/p0ess 3ue to Capillarit1

1/.2.1

1/.2.2

1/.2.-

16.%

#a+9ness 3assing T6roug6 ?alls <or &ain 3enetration=.

1/.-.1

uildings are lia.le to .e effected .0 da+9ness caused due to <a= 3lu+.ing defects <.= &ain 9enetration t6roug6 4alls and roofs and <c= t6e rising ground +oisture. #a+9ness +ust .e eli+inated full0 or 9artiall0 as it is o.Cectiona.le fro+ t6e 9oint of vie4 of t6e dura.ilit0 of .uilding and also fro+ t6e 6ealt6 and 60giene considerations. In areas of 6ig6 4ater ta.le@ 4alls .eco+e 4et for a certain 6eig6t a.ove $. ". due to da+9 46ic6 rises .0 ca9illar0 action. !9 to suc6 6eig6ts t6e 4all gets discoloured@ dar*ned and 9atc60. C6lorides and Nitrates availa.le in t6e soil@ get de9osited in concentration in 9ertain areas and extract +oisture fro+ at+os96ere. T6is da+9ness can .e 9revented b' inserting an i+9ervious +aterial .et4een t6e source of da+9 and t6e 9ortion of t6e 4all in contact. #a+9 9roof courses@ reco++ended for t6is t09e@ are of flexi.le t09e e. g. t6e +e+.rane of %astic As96alt and itu+inous felt and of rigid t'pe in t6e for+ of dense ce+ent concrete 4it6 or 4it6out integral ce+ent 4ater 9roofing co+9ounds and or 4it6 and 4it6out t4o coats of 6ot .itu+en. In case t6e floor level is set 6ig6er t6an #. 3. C. a vertical #. 3. C. in t6e for+ of 25 ++. t6ic* ce+ent 9laster 1E- 4it6 t4o coats of 6ot .itu+en unifor+l0 a99lied on it@ s6all .e a99lied .et4een 6oriBontal #. 3. C. and t6e i1//r level@ it is essential ot6er4ise t6e da+9 s6all find a 9assage t6roug6 t6e >loor filling. $enerall0 2/ c+. t6ic* rendered .ric* 4all can *ee9 out t6e +oisture in a11 nor+al 4eat6er conditions in dr0 regions@ .ut an a.nor+all0 long 4et s9ell +a0 cause da+9ness in 4alls@ %oisture 9enetrates t6roug6 t6e s6rin*age crac*s and ca9illaries in .ric*s or stone +asonr0 Coints. >or 9reventing da+9ness 9enetrating t6roug6 s6rin*age crac*s@ +asonr0 +ortar s6ould 6ave good 4or*a.ilit0 and ad6esion. "i+e +ortars@ and co+9osite +ortars ric6 in li+e are ver0 suita.le fro+ t6is 9oint of vie4.
5,-

1/.-.2

1/.-.-

1/.-.2

1/.-.5

16.'

#a+9ness 9assing fro+ to9 of 4alls and roofsE

1/.2.1

1/.2.2

1/.2.-

1/.2.2

To 9revent rain 9enetration 4all can .e treated fro+ out side or inside. Outside treat+ents are +ore effective as t6e0 *ee9 t6e .od0 of t6e 4all dr0 and i+9rove .ot6 dura.ilit0 and 60giene. As an external treat+ent rendering in ce+ent@ li+e and sand +ixed in 9ro9ortion of 1E2I5 or 1E1E( are reco++ended. T6ese 9roduce finis6es t6at are 9orous@ a.sor.ing 4ater in 4et 4eat6er and 9er+itting free eva9oration 46en t6e 4eat6er i+9roves@ details are discussed in c6a9ter on 9lasters. Ot6er external treat+ents are t6e roug6 cast ce+ent 9lasters@ a99lication of ce+ent 9aints@ oil@ .itu+en and tar 9aints@ and colourIess 4ater 9roofers li*e silicone etc. Internal treat+ents consists of a99lication of ce+ent sand rendering ad+ixed 4it6 so+e 4ater 9roofer or a99lication of i+9ervious coating or .itu+en or an0 si+ilar +aterial follo4ed .0 .linding 4it6 sand and 9laster or lining 4it6 4all .oards. ?6en internal treat+ents are used 9rovision s6ould al4a0s .e +ade for t6e alternative esca9e of t6e +oisture reac6ing t6e inside face of 4all. 3ara9ets and. c6i+ne0 so+e ti+es act as 4ic*s for collecting rain 4ater and delivering in to t6e 9arts of t6e .uilding .elo4 roof level@ unless t6ese are 9ro9erl0 flas6 Cointed or da+9 9roofed. "ea*age t6roug6 unseen 6oles and crac*s in flat roof causes +uc6 trou.le due to t6e fact t6at t6e da+9 6as alread0 travelled in large 9art of t6e roof .efore it co+es to notice. 3roCecting string courses and 9lint6 courses also encourages 4ater 9enetration 46en t6e ledges are not 9ro9erl0 designed to exclude +oisture. To 9revent da+9ness to 9ass t6roug6 9ara9et 4all a da+9 9roof course is reco++ended Cust a.ove its Cunction 4it6 t6e roofs or gutter. T6e +aterials used for da+9 9roof coursing +ust for+ a continuous i+9ervious la0er and generall0 .itu+inous felt> as96alt etc. are 9rYfered. Aoint in t6e coursing s6ould .e 4ell la99ed and t6e course s6ould extend over t6e full t6ic*ness of t6e 4all including rendering. >lat and inclined roofs s6ould .e treated 4it6 a flexi.le la0ers of 4ater 9roofing
5,2

16.(

#a+9ness of floorsE

1/.5.1

16.+

#a+9ness in .ase+ent

1/.(.1

1/.(.2

1/.(.-

16.,

Ot6er %et6od of da+9 3reventionE

1/.).1

+aterials li*e .itu+inous felt and as96alt@ as s9ecified under s9ecification on 4ater 9roofing of roofs. #a+9ness in floors is caused .0 t6e 4ater rising fro+ t6e ground or fro+ t6e rising da+9 in 4alls in t6e a.sence of 9ro9erl0 treated Cunctions. T6e da+9 9roof la0er used in floors +ust 9rovide i+9er+ea.ilit0 to 4ater in liDuid and va9ourous state and s6ould also .e sufficientl0 toug6 to re+ain unda+aged during la0ing of t6e to9 finis6. T6e .est .ases for t6is 9ur9ose incor9orate t6e use of 6ot a99lied da+9 9roof treat+ents of .itu+en as a sand4itc6ed la0er .et4een t6e la0er of a .ase concrete and t6e concrete floor finis6. itu+inous felt and 9ol0t6ene can also .e used. ase+ent is t6e +ost effected 9art of a .uilding .0 da+9ness@ 46ic6 is CY used .0 t6e accu+ulation of 4ater in .uilding site and develo9+ent of 60drostatic 9ressure against t6e 4alls and floors of t6e .ase+ent. A t6ic* ce+ent concrete floor no+inall0 reinforced w111 9rotect t6e .ase+ent floors nor+all0 fro+ da+9ness caused .0 a s+all 60drostatic 9ressure. ?6en 60drostatic 9ressure exceeds -/ e+. of 4ater@ da+9 9roof coursing of .itu+inous felt or 9ol0t.ene s6eets s6all .e 9laced as sand4itc6 la0er .et4een t6e 9ro9erl0 designed &.C.C. floor sla. and t6e .ase concrete of a lean +ix. T6e 4alls s6all .e treated 4it6 t6e vertical #a+9 9roof coursing of t6e sa+e +aterial as t6at used in floor. T6e Coint .et4een t6e 6oriBontal and verti- . cal da+9 9roofing la0ers effectivel0 continuous. A 9rotective 4all in .ric* +asonr0 or in &.C.C. s6all .e constructed on t6e out side or inside of #. 3. C. de9ending on t6e convenience. T6e ot6er co++onl0 and easil0 ado9ta.le +et6od of da+9 9revention is t6e use of Integral 4ater 9roofing +aterials e.g. 83udlo8 8Ce+entone8 8I+9er+o8 and 8Ironite8 etc. T6ese can .e +ixed to t6e ce+ent concrete or ce+ent +ortars during t6e 9rocess of +ixing. T6ese +aterials fill u9 t6e 9ores of t6e concrete or +ortars ex9osed to +oisture and t6us 9revent its 9assage.

5,5

C&APTER - 11 E)PANSIONB CONTRACTION AN" CONSTR CTION DOINTS IN CONCRETE AOR9

11.1

$eneral

11.1.2

T6e &einforced or 3restressed concrete structures ex9and or contract 4it6 t6e rise or fall in t6e te+9erature. T6e relative i+9ortance of t6e +ove+ent 46ic6 +a0 occur 4ould de9end to so+e extent on t6e nature of structures and to t6e ti+e of construction and conditions to 46ic6 it is ex9osed. T6is ex9ansion or contraction gives rise to extra stresses in t6e structural ele+ents. >or s+all structures involving s+all areas@ t6e design stresses ado9ted ta*e care of t6e increased tress. >or ot6er structures@ t6e excessive stresses are relieved .0 9rovision of contraction and ex9ansion Coints at suita.le sections. Construction Aoints@ on t6e ot6er 6and are 9rovided at sections so as to 9rovide for a .rea* in t6e construction 9rogra++e. T6ese are non-functional Coints and are 9rovided onl0 for efficient 9rogra++ing of construction 4or*. T6e s9acing of Ex9ansion and Contraction Aoints in various t09es of structures s6all .e as given in t6e Ta.le .elo4 : %ax. Contraction Aoint s9acing <+= R'u++er R?inter 5 ( 11 5

11.1.2

11.$

'9acing of Aoints E

11.2.1

T09e of 'tructure

1.

2.

&einforced <a= structures uilding <.= ?ater 25 retaining !n<a= ?ater 25 reinforced retaining 'tructures

TA "E %ax. ex9ansion Coint s9acing <+= R'u++er R?inter -/ 25 2/ 1,

R 'eason at t6e ti+e of construction. 11.2.2 T6e s9acing of construction Coints s6all
5,(

de9end u9on t6e t09e of 4or*@ t6e site conditions and t6e 9roduction ca9acit0 of t6e 9lant and la.our e+9lo0ed. It is 6ig6l0 desira.le t6at consideration .e given to t6e need. of construction Coints earl0 in t6e design or construction of a structure so t6at t6e0 +a0 .e reduced to a +ini+u+ .0 t6e a99ro9riate s9acing of ex9ansion and contraction Coints. 11.% "ocation of Aoints 11.-.1 T6e location of Coints 4ill de9end u9on t6e t09e of structure@ not onl0 fro+ t6e 9oint of vie4 of 9erfor+ance .ut also t6at / f a99earance. In .uildings@ 46erever@ 9ossi.le to do so@ Coints s6ould .e incor9orated as an arc6itectural feature. Construction Coints s6ould .e +ar*ed .0 grooves@ a line of tiles or a si+ilar finis6. T6e ex9ansion Coints s6ould .e 9rovided along a natural line 9rovided .0 door and 4indo4s. ?6en t6e .uilding is constructed in 4ings t6e ex9ansion Coints can .e installed at t6e Cunctions in t6e structure@ 46ere t6e0 are 6idden .0 .eing in corners. In floors t6e .est location of ex9ansion Coints is as near t6e Cunction .et4een t6e 4alls and t6e floor@ t6us avoiding exce9t in ver0 large floors 4ide Coints across t6e +ain floor area.

11.-.2

11.-.-

5,)

E)P!ANATOR* NOTES
FOR &O SE "RAINA#E

5,,

C&APTER - 1$ #ENERA! PRINCIP!ES FOR "ESI#N OF &O SE "RAINA#E

1$.1

S1ste/s o4 Plu/=i0g

12.1.1

T6ere are four s0ste+s of 9lu+.ing@ as given .elo4 E

12.1.1.1

T#o pipe s'stem E-In t6is s0ste+ of 9lu+.ing@ t6e soil and t6e 4aste 9i9es s6all .e distinct and se9arate. T6e soil 9i9es s6all .e connected to t6e drains 4it6out an0 gull0 tra9@ 46ile 4aste 9i9es s6all .e connected to t6e drain t6roug6 a gull0 tra9. 'oil 9i9es as 4ell as t6e 4aste 9i9es s6all 6ave se9arate ventilating 9i9es. T6is s0ste+ of 9lu+.ing is s6o4n in #rg. No. 12-1-1.

12.1.1.2

+ne pipe s'stem E-In t6is s0ste+ of 9lu+.ing@ t6e 4aste connections fro+ sin*s@ .at6s and 4as6 .asins@ and t6e soil 9i9e .ranc6es fro+ 4ater closets are all connected into one +ain 9i9e@ 46ic6 is connected to t6e drainage s0ste+ 4it6out an0 gull0 tra9. T6us gull0 tra9s and 4aste 9i9es are co+9letel0 dis9ensed 4it6. T6ere s6all .e onl0 one ventilating 9i9e for all t6e tra9s of 4ater closets@ .asins etc. T6is s0ste+ of 9lu+.ing is s6o4n in #rg. No. 12-1-2.

12.1.1.-

Sin&le stack s'stem:- T6is is li*e one 9i9e s0ste+. T6e +ain difference is t6at it 6as no se9arate 9i9e 4or* for tra9 ventilation. T6e tra9s of 4ater closets@ sin*s@ .asins etc. are directl0 connected to t6e single stac* as s6o4n in #rg. No. 12-1-2.

12.1.1.2

Sin&le stack partiall' ventilated s'stem:This is a co+9ro+ise .et4een t6e one 9i9e s0ste+ and t6e single stac* s0ste+. T6ere is onl0 one soil 9i9e into 46ic6 all t6e 4ater closets@ .at6s@ sin*s and .asins disc6arge. In addition@ t6ere is a relief vent 46ic6 ventilates onl0 t6e tra9s of 4ater closets <#rg No. 12-1--=.

5,5

1$.$

Choice o4 Plu/=i0g S1ste/

12.2.1

>or dis9osal of sanitar0 4astes fro+ a .uilding@ t6e t4o 9i9e s0ste+ is safer t6an an0 ot6er s0ste+ of 9lu+.ing. T6is is t6erefore strongl0 reco++ended for ado9tion. 1o4ever 46ere one 9i9e s0ste+ or 9artiall0 ventilated single stac* s0ste+ is to .e ado9ted for an0 s9ecial reason s9ecific 9rior 9er+ission of t6e Executive Engineer s6all .e o.tained and in suc6 cases@ t6e follo4ing 9recautions s6all .e carefull0 o.served. 'ingle stac* s0ste+ s6all not .e used at all.

1$.%

Precautio0s 4or o0e Pipe S1ste/

12.-.1

T6e 4aste 9i9e s6all Coin t6e stac* a.ove t6e soil .ranc6 at eac6 floor.

12.-.2

Cast Iron fittings and .ranc6es for 4aste 9i9e s6all .e of t6e sa+e Dualit0@ as for soil 9i9es and all 4aste 9i9e Coints s6all .e +ade gas tig6t.

12.-.-

All tra9s s6all .e of dee9 seal t09e 4it6 a +ini+u+ ?ater seal of 5/ ++.

12.-.2

All tra9s s6all .e ventilated .0 +eans of a ventilating 9i9e of dia. not less t6an 5/ ++. for 9reserving t6eir seals.

1$.'

3recautions for 3artiall0 Ventilated 'ingle 'tac* '0ste+E

12.2.1

?aste 9i9es s6all Coin t6e stac* a.ove t6e soil .ranc6 at eac6 floor.

12.2.2

All tra9s s6all .e of dee9 seal t09e 4it6 5/ ++ 4ater seal.

12.2.-

?aste 9i9e s6all fall graduall0 and continuousl0 in t6e direction of flo4. ?aste 9i9e s6all 6ave a slo9e of 1E12 to ?:9@(

55/

12.2.2

?ater closets s6all .e ventilated .0 a 9i9e of not less t6an 5/ ++. dia+eter for 9reserving t6eir 4ater seals.

1$.(

"a0out of 3lu+.ing 4or*sE

12.5.1

T6e follo4ing considerations s6all a99l0 in finalising t6e la0-out of t6e 9lu+.ing 4or*.

12.5.1.1

$enerall0@ rain 4ater s6all .e dealt 4it6 se9aratel0 fro+ se4age and sullage. 'e4age and 'ullage s6all .e connected to se4ers. '4r+4ater fro+ court0ard +a0 .e connected to se4ers@ 46ere it is not 9ossi.le to drain it ot6er4ise@ after o.taining 9er+ission of t6e Engineer@ or local aut6orit0.

12.5.1.2

T6e la0-out s6all .e as si+9le and direct as 9ossi.le. Consideration s6all .e given to alternate la0outs so as to ensure t6at t6e +ost econo+ical and 9ractical solution is reac6ed.

12.5.1.-

T6e 9i9es s6all .e laid in straig6t lines@ as far as 9ossi.le in .ot6 vertical and t6e 6oriBontal 9lanes. An0t6ing t6at is li*el0 to cause irregularit0 of flo4 suc6 as a.ru9t c6anges of directions is to .e avoided.

12.5.1.2

No .ends and Cunctions are to .e 9er+itted in se4ers exce9t at +an6oles and ins9ection c6a+.ers.

12.5.1.5

?6ere it is not 9ossi.le to avoid a c6ange in t6e direction in t6e case of drains. access s6ould .e 9rovided t6roug6 +an6oles and ins9ection c6a+.ers.

12.5.1.(

All Cunctions s6all .e o.liDue and t6e angle contained s6all not .e +ore t6an 25[.

551

12.5.1.)

#rains s6all .e laid under t6e .uildings onl0 46ere unavoida.le and 46en it is not 9ossi.le to o.tain ot6er4ise a sufficient fall in t6e drain.

12.5.1.,

?6ere it is necessar0 to Aa0 a drain under a .uilding t6e follo4ing conditions are to .e o.served E

<i=

T6e 9i9es s6all .e Cast Iron.

<ii=

T6e drains s6all .e laid in a straig6t line and at a unifor+ gradient.

<iii=

%eans of access in t6e for+ of l11an6ole s6all .e 9rovided at eac6 end outside t6e8 .uilding.

<iv=

In case t6e 9i9e or an0 9art of it is laid a.ove t6e natural surface of t6e ground@ it s6all .e laid on concrete su99orts@ t6e .otto+ of 46ic6 rests at-least 15 c+. 4it6in t6e ground surface.

<v=

It is desira.le tl1at drains s6ould not .e ta*en t6roug6 a living roo+ or a *itc6en and s6all 9refera.l0 .e ta*en under a staircase roo+ or a 9assage.

1$.+

Storage o4 >ater.

12.(.1

In a .uilding@ 9rovision is reDuire to .e +ade for storage of 4ater for one or +ore of t6e follo4ing reasons I

<a=

To 9rovide for >lus6ing storage.

<.=

To tide over 9eriods of inter+ittent su99l0.

<c=

To reduce +axi+u+ de+and over t6e +ains.

552

<d=

To 9rovide against interru9tions of t6e su99l0 caused .0 re9airs to +ains etc.

12.(.1.1

)lushin& Stora&e E-All flus6ing cisterns s6all .e su99lied fro+ storage tan*s t6roug6 do4n ta*e 9i9e and not directl0 fro+ t6e su99l0 9i9es. >lus6ing storage is t6erefore usuall0 .ased on t6e nu+.er of ?. C. seats and urinals in t6e case of 9u.lic .uildings. &eco++ended 9articulars for >lus6ing storage for different class of .uildings are as given on .elo4.

<a=

)lushin& stora&e capacit' I

'.No. 1. 2.

Classification of uildings >or tene+ents 6aving co++on convenience

'torage Ca9acit0 1// "itres <22 gallons= net 9er ?.C. seat.

>or residential 9re+ise ot6er t6an 2)/ "ires <5- gals.= net for one ?.C. tene+ents 6aving co++on seat and 1,/ "itres for eac6 conveniences additional seat in t6e sa+e flat. >or cine+a@ 9u.lic asse+.l0 6all etc. 5// "itres 9er ?.C. seat and -5/ "itres 9er !rinal seat.

-.

12.(.1.2. Stora&e capacit' I- T6e Duantit0 of 4ater to .e stored s6all de9end u9on t6e rate and regularit0 of su99l0 and 46et6er t6e to4n su99l0 is inter+ittent. Additional factors ta*en to account are t6e freDuenc0 of re9lenis6+ent@ t6e 6ours of su99l0 at sufficientl0 6ig6 9ressure and t6e i+9ortance of t6e .uildings.

>or do+estic storage t6e storage reDuire+ents are calculated on t6e .asis of reDuire+ents 9er eac6 tene+ent@ su.Cect to a certain +ini+u+ .ased on t6e nu+.er of do4n ta*e fittings suc6 as ta9s@ s6o4ers@ .at6 tu.s etc. fed fro+ t6e

55-

storage tan*.

T6e suggested ca9acit0 for do+estic reDuire+ent are as under E

<.= '.No. >loor <>or 9re+ises occu9ied as tene+ent 4it6 co++on conveniences.= 1. $round >loor

5omestic stora&e capacit' E 'torage &e+ar*s

NI"

3rovided no do4n ta*e fitting is installed.

2.

1st@ 2nd@ -rd 2t6 and u99er floors. <>or 9re+ises occu9ied as flats or .loc*s=

5// "itres 9er tene+ents

1.

$round >loor

Nil

3rovided no do4n ta*e fittings is installed.

2.

1st@ 2nd@ -rd@ 2t6 and u99er floors

,// "itres 9er tene+ent.

<ote E-1. If t6e 9re+ises is situated at a 9lace 6ig6er t6an t6e road level in front of t6e 9re+ises@ storage at ground level s6ould .e 9rovided on t6e sa+e .asis as on first floor.

2. T6e a.ove storage +a0 .e 9er+itted to .e installed 9rovided t6at t6e total do+estic storage calculated on t6e .asis given a.ove is not less t6an t6e storage calculated on t6e nu+.er of do4n ta*e fittings as 9er scales given .elo4 E

1. #o4n Ta*e 2. '6o4ers

)/ "itres eac6. 1-5 "itres eac6

552

-. at6 tu.s

2// "itres eac6.

12.(.2

Stora&e tanks E

12.(.2.1

T6e storage tan*s for rece9tion of 4ater s6all .e +ade 4ater tig6t and generall0 of an0one of t6e follo4ing +aterials I

<a=

'6eet steel 4it6 4elded@ riveted or 9ressed construction..

<.=

&einforced concrete.

<c=

'uita.l0 rendered +asonr0 4alling.

12.(.2.2

'torage tan*s s6all .e 9rovided 4it6 a sto9 valve at ever0 out let ot6er t6an overflo4 9i9es. A sto9 valve +a0 .e 9rovided on t6e inlet connection also to facilitate sto99ing of flo4 te+9oraril0 in t6e event of i+9ro9er functioning of .all valve or for cleaning t6e storage tan*.

12.(.2.-

>or Cointing of 9i9es to t6e storage tan*@ t6e end of t6e 9i9e s6all .e scre4ed t6roug6 a 6ole in t6e tan* and secured .0 .ac* nuts .ot6 inside and outside. T6e 9i9e end s6all .e flus6 4it6 t6e face of t6e inside .ac* nut to o.viate corrosion of 9i9e t6reads.

1$.,

Basic Re<uire/e0ts 4or Aater suppl1B "rai0age a03 Sa0itatio0

12.).1

In order to 6ave a unifor+ 9ractice for assessing t6e reDuire+ents of 4ater su99l0@ #rainage and 'anitation@ .asic reDuire+ents for different t09es of .uildings are suggested .elo4. T6ese are as 9er I' E 11)2-15(- GCode of asic &eDuire+ents for ?ater 'u99l0@ #rainage and 'anitationG@ and +a0 .e ado9ted as far as 9ossi.le.

555

12.).2

?ater su99l0 reDuire+ents E-

12.).2.1

>or residence E- To get6er 4it6 a full flus6ing s0ste+ t6e +ini+u+ 4ater su99l0 reDuire+ent 9er 6ead 9er da0 +a0 .e assu+ed as 1-5 "itres <-/ gallons=.

12.).2.2

>or ot6er .uildings t6e reDuire+ent +a0 .e as 9er Ta.le-I given .elo4 E-

TA "E - I AATER REH IRE2ENS FOR B I!"IN#S OT&ER T&AN RESI"ENCES '.No. T09e of uildings Consu+9tion 9er 1ead 9er da0. <"itres= 25 -/

<i= <ii= <iii=

>actories 46ere .at6 roo+s are reDuired to .e 9rovided. >actories 46ere no .at6 roo+s are reDuired to .e 9rovided. 1os9itals <including laundr0= 9er .ed <a= Nu+.er of .eds not exceeding 1// <.= Nu+.er of .eds exceeding 1//

-2/ 255 1-5 1-5 1,/ 25 )/ 15 25 1-5

<iv= <v= <vi= <vii= <viii= <ix= <x=

Nurses 6o+es and +edical Duarters 1ostels 1otels <3er .ed= Offices &estaurants <3er seat= Cine+as@ concert 6alls and t6eatres <3er seat= 'c6ools <a= #a0 sc6ools <.= oarding sc6ools

12.).-

#rainage and sanitation &eDuire+ents E-

12.).-.1

$eneral E- T6ere s6all .e at least one 4ater ta9 and arrange+ents for drainage in t6e vicinit0 of eac6 4ater-closet or
55(

grou9 of 4ater-closets in all .uildings.

12.).-.2

&esidences

<i=

#4ellings 4it6 individual conveniences s6all 6ave at least t6e follo4ing fit+ents.

<a=

One .at6 roo+ 9rovided 4it6 a ta9@

<.=

One 4ater-closet@ and

<c=

One N6ani or sin* eit6er in t6e floor or raised fro+ t6e floor.

?6ere onl0 one 4ater-closet is 9rovided in a d4elling@ t6e .at6 and 4ater-closet s6all 9refera.l0 .e acco++odated se9aratel0.

<ii=

#4ellings 4it6out individual conveniences s6all 6ave t6e follo4ing fit+ents -

<a=

One 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ent in eac6 tene+ent.

<.=

One 4ater-closet and one .at6 for ever0 t4o tene+ents@ and

<c=

?ater ta9s in co++on .at6 roo+s and co++on 4ater-closets.

12.).-.-

uildings ot6er t6an &esidences E- T6e reDuire+ents for fit+ents for drainage and sanitation in t6e case of .uildings ot6er t6an residences s6all .e as 9er ta.les given .elo4 E-

55)

TAB!E - II OFFICE B I!"IN#S >it+ents >or acco++odation ot6er t6an for 3rinci9les. >or %ale 3ersonnel ?ater-closets A.lution ta9s 1 for ever0 25 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater-closet 1 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e 9rovided for ever0 5/ 9ersons or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater closet and urinals. !rinals Nil u9 to ( 9ersons. 1 for ) - 2/ 9ersons 2 for 21-25 9ersons - for 2(-)/ 9ersons 2 for )1-1// 9ersons >ro+ 1/1 to 2// 9ersons add at t6e rate of 9ercent. >or over 2// 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 2.5 9ercent 1 for ever0 25 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 for ever0 1// 9ersons 4it6 a +ini+u+ of one on eac6 floor. 3refera.l0 1 on eac6 floor 1 3er floor@ %in@ 9refera.l0 in or adCacent to sanitar0 roo+s. TAB!E III ART #A!!ERIESB !IBRARIES ? 2 SE 2S Fit/e0ts 1 ?ater Closets For 2ale Pu=lic $ 1 3er 2// 9ersons u9to 2// 9ersons. >or over 2// 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 1 9er 25/ For Fe/ale Pu=lic % 1 9er 1// 9ersons u9to 2// 9ersons. >or over 2// 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 1 9er 15/
55,

>or >e+ale 3ersonnel 1 for ever0 15 9ersons or 9art t6ereof. 1 in eac6 4ater closet

?as6 asins #rin*ing 4ater fountains

at6. Cleaner8s sin*s

For /ale Sta44 ' 1 for 1-15 9ersons. 2 for 1(--5 9ersons.

For 4e/ale sta44 ( 1 for 1-12 9ersons. 2 for 1--25 9ersons.

A.lution ta9s.

!rinals

Nil u9to ( 9ersons. 1 for ) to 2/ 9ersons. 2 for 21 to 25 9ersons ?as6 .asins 1 for ever0 1 for ever0 1 for 1-25 1 for 1-12 9ersons or 9art 2// 9ersons or 9ersons. 2 for 9ersons 2 for t6ereof. >or 9art t6ereof. 1(--5 9ersons 1--25 9ersons. over 2// >or over 2// 9ersons@ add at 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 1 t6e rate of 1 9er 25/ 9er 15/ 9ersons or 9art 9ersons or 9art t6ereof t6ereof. Cleaner8s ----------1 9er floor@ ---------------- ---------------sin*s %in. Note E- It +a0 .e assu+ed t6at t4o-t6irds of t6e nu+.er are +ales and one-t6ird fe+ales. TA "E - IV &OSPITA!SB IN"OOR ? O T"OOR PATIENT AAR"S. (I03oor Patie0t Aor3s) >it+ent 1 ?ater-closets A.lution ta9s >or %ales and >e+ales 2 1. for ever0 , .eds or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater-closet 9lus one 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater closets and urinals for ever0 5/ .eds or 9art t6ereof 2 u9 to -/ .edsI add 1 for ever0 additional -/ .eds or 9art t6ereof. 1 .at6 4it6 s6o4er for ever0 , .eds or 9art t6ereof. 1 for eac6 4ard 1 for eac6 4ard 1 for eac6 4ard

9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater closet 1 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e 9rovided for ever0 5/ 9ersons or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater-closet and urinals. 1 9er 5/ 9ersons

9ersons or 9art t6ereof. 1 in eac6 1 in eac6 4ater closet 4ater closet

1 in eac6 4ater closet

?as6 asins at6s ed 9an 4as6ing sin*s Cleaner8s sin*s 7itc6en sin*s and dis6 4as6ers <46ere *itc6en is 9rovided=

555

(Out 3oor Patie0t Aar3s) >it+ents ?ater-closets A.lution ta9s >or %ales 1 for ever0 1// 9ersons@ or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater-closet 1 ?ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e 9rovided for ever0 5/ 9ersons or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater closets and urinals. 1 for ever0 5/ 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 for ever0 1// 9ersons or 9art t6ereof TA "E - V &OSPITA!S (A3/i0istrati8e Buil3i0gsB 2e3ical Sta44 Huarters a03 Nurses &o/es) >it+ents >or Ad+inistrative uildings >or %edical 'taff Huarters <1ostel T09e= >or >e+ale >or %ale 3ersonnel 3ersonnel 1 9er 2 9ersons 1 in eac6 4atercloset >or Nurse8s 1o+es <1ostel T09e= >or >e+ale 3ersonnel 1 9er 2 9ersons. 1 in eac6 4ater closet >or >e+ales 2 for ever0 1// 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater-closet

!rinals ?as6 asins

1 for ever0 1// 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

>or %ale 3ersonnel ?ater closets A.lution

!rinals

1 for ever0 25 1 for ever0 9ersons or 9art 15 9ersons t6ereof. or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 1 in eac6 4ater-closet 4atercloset 1 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e 9rovided for ever0 5/ 9ersons or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater - closet and urinals Nil u9to ( 9ersons. 1 for )-2/ 9ersons 2 for 21-25
(//

1 for 2 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater closet.

9ersons - for 2(-)/ 9ersons 2 for )1-1// 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 9ercent. >or over 2// 9ersons@ add at t6e rate of 2.5 9ercent ?as6 1 for ever0 25 1 for ever0 asins 9ersons or 9art 25 9ersons t6ereof or 9art t6ereof. at6s <4it6 1 on eac6 1 on eac6 s6o4er= floor floor Cleaner8s sin* ------------1 9er floor +in.

1 for ever0 , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 for 2 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

1 for ever0 , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof 1 for 2 9ersons or 9art t6ereof -------------- -------------

1 for ever0 , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof. 1 for 2-( 9ersons or 9art t6ereof -------------

TA "E VI SC&OO! >it+ents Nurser0 'c6ools 2 1 9er 15 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4ater-closet 1 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e 9rovided for ever0 5/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater - closet and urinals 'c6ools ot6er t6an Nurser0 'c6ools >or $irls For Bo1s 1 9er 2/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4atercloset 2 1 9er 25 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 in eac6 4atercloset oarding 'c6ools. >or o0s >or $irls

1 ?ater closet A.lution

5 ( 1 for ever0 1 for ever0 , 9u9ils or ( 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 9art t6ereof. 1 in eac6 1 in eac6 4ater 4ater closet closet.

!rinals

1 9er 2/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof.

(/1

1 for ever0 25 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof

?as6 asins at6s

1 9er 15 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 .at6-sin* 9er 2/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 for ever0 5/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof -------------

1 9er 2/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof -

1 9er 2/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof -

#rin*ing 4ater fountains. Cleaner8s sin*

1 for ever0 5/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 1 9er floor +in.

1 for ever0 5/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof -------------

1 for ever0 1 for ever0 , 9u9ils or ( 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof 9art t6ereof. 1 for ever0 1 for ever0 , 9u9ils or ( 9u9ils or 9art t6e 9art t6e reof. reof. 1 for ever0 1 for ever0 5/ 9u9ils 5/ 9u9ils or 9art or 9art t6ereof t6ereof -------------- -------------

P>or teac6ing staff@ t6e sc6edule of fit+ents to .e 9rovided s6all .e t6e sa+e as in t6e case of office .uildings <see ta.le II= Ta.le - VII &OSTE!S >it+ents >or &esidents : &esidential staff >or %ales 1 ?aterclosets 2 1 for ever0 , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof >or >e+ales 1 for ever0 ( 9ersons or 9art t6ereof >or non-&esidential 'taff >or %ales 2 1 for 1-15 9ersons. 2 for 1(--5 9ersons. for -(-(5 9ersons. 2 for ((-1// 9ersons &oo+ ?6ere Outsiders are received >or >or %ales >e+ales ( ) 1 9er 1// 2 9er 1// 9ersons 9ersons u9to 2// u9to 2// 9ersons. 9ersons. >or over >or over 2// 2// 9ersons@ 9ersons@ add at add at t6e rate t6e rate of 1 for of 1 or 25/ 1// 9er 9ersons sons 9art or 9art t6e reof. t6ereof

A.lution

1 in eac6 4ater closet 1 4ater ta9 4it6 draining arrange+ents s6all .e

1 in eac6 4ater closet

1 in eac6 4ater closet

>or >e+ales 5 1 for 112 9ersons. 2 for 1--25 9ersons. - for 2(-2/ 9ersons. 2 for 21-5) 9ersons. 5 for 5,-)) 9ersons. ( for ),-1// 9ersons. 1 in 1 in eac6 eac6 4ater 4atercloset closet

1 in eac6 4ater closet

(/2

!rinals

9rovided for ever0 5/ 9u9ils or 9art t6ereof in t6e vicinit0 of 4ater - closet and urinals 1 for 25 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

?as6 asins.

1 for , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

1 for ( 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

Nil u9to ( 9ersons. 1 for )-2/ 9ersons. 2 for 21-25 9erCsons. for 2(-)/ 9ersons. 2 for )1-1// 9ersons. 1 for 1-15 9ersons. 2 for 1(--5 9ersons. for -(-(5 9ersons. 2 for ((-1// 9ersons.

1 9er 25 9ersons or 9art t6ereof.

at6s

1 for , 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

1 for ( 9ersons or 9art t6ereof

1 for 112 9ersons. 2 for 1--25 9ersons. - for 2(-2/ 2 for 215) 5 for 5,-)) ( for ),1// 9ersons -

1 9er eac6 4atercloset : urinal 9rovided

1 9er eac6 4ater closet 9rovided.

Cleaner8s ------------sin*s

1 9er floor@ ---------- ----------%in.

-----------

(/-

(/2

C&APTER - 1% SANITAR* APP!IANCES

In 6ouse drainage a nu+.er of sanitar0 a99liances are needed suc6 as 4aterclosets@ 4as6 .asins@ sin*s@ tu.s@ etc. T6e nor+al range of +aterials in 46ic6 eac6 a99liance is availa.le is indicated on t6e .od0 of t6e '9ecification. T6e difference .et4een 46ite $laBed Eart6ell-4are and Vitreous c6ina .eing as underE

1%.1

?6ite $laBed Eart6en4areE

#etailed s9ecifications for 46ite $laBed Eart6en4are 'anitar0 A99liances are covered .0 "'E ))1. T6e a99liances s6all .e of eart6en4are covered .0 a glaBe 9ro9erl0 +atured and filled integral to t6e .od0.8 T6ese are fired at suc6 a te+9erature so as to 9roduce a satisfactor0 fuse of t6e glaBe on t6e .od0. T6e .od0 u9on fracture s6all a99ear finegrained in texture@ dense and 6o+ogeneous. ?6en tested as 9er I.'E ))1@ t6e 4ater a.sor9tion s6all not .e +ore t6an 15 J of its dr0 4eig6t.

1%.$

Vitreous c6ina 'anitar0 4areE

Vitreous c6ina is a strong 6ig6 grade cera+ic 4are used for sanitar0 a99liance and +ade fro+ a +ixture of cla0s and finel0 ground +inerals suc6 as DuartB and fels9ar. After firing at a 6ig6 te+9erature@ t6e 4are s6all not@ even 46en unglaBed@ 6ave a +ean value of 4ater a.sor9tion greater t6an /.5 9ercent of t6e 4are 46en dr0. It is coated on all ex9osed surfaces 4it6 an i+9ervious non-craBing Vitreous glaBe giving a 46ite or coloured finis6. T6e .od0 u9on fracture s6all 6ave conc6oidal fracture. T6ese s6all .e as 9er I.'. '9ecifications.

#rg. No. 1-.2-1 : 1-.2-2 s6o4 3 : ' tra9s res9ectivel0 46ic6 are in +ost co++on use. T6ese rese+.le res9ectivel0 t6e letters 898 : 8'8.

(/5

1%.%

'i96onic ?ater ClosetsE

#rg. No. 1-.--1 : 1-.--2 illustrate t4o co++on 9atterns of si96onic closets. T6e closets are silent in action and easier to o9erate. T6ese utiliBe at+os96eric 9ressure to assist flus6ing.

T6e closets s6o4n in #rg. No. 13.3-1 6as its outlet 9i9e first 4idened and t6en contracted at t6e end. T6is causes t6e disc6arge fro+ t6e .asin to .e +ixed 4it6 air in t6e outlet and to carr0 a4a0 so+e air 4it6 t6e flo4. It reduces t6e 9ressure in t6e out-let 9i9e and a si96onic action sets u9.

T6e closet s6o4n in #rg. No. 1-.--2 6as t4o tra9s. A s+all 9i9e connects t6e to9 9ortion of t6e .end to t6e 1us6ing 9i9e@ at a 9oint Cust .elo4 t6e cistern. At t6e ti+e of flus6ing 4ater rus6es into t6e lo4er tra9 t6roug6 t6e s+aller 9i9e@ driving a4a0 so+e air along 4it6 it. It results into a 9artial vacuu+ creation and t6e si96onic action sets u9.

(/(

(/)

C&APTER - 1' PIPES AN" FITTIN#SB DOINTIN# AN" !A*IN# OF PIPES

#rainage s0ste+ is essentiall0 a s0ste+ of 9i9es conve0ing se4age fro+ 6ouse to t6e se4erage s0ste+ and fro+ t6ere is to t6e out fall. >or t6is a nu+.er of different t09es and siBes of 9i9es are reDuired. T6e selection of t09e and dia+eter de9ends u9on suc6 factors as cost@ 9lace of use@ disc6arge .ot6 in Duantit0 and Dualit0.

'o+e of t6e i+9ortant t09e of 9i9es used are descri.ed in t6e follo4ing 9aras.

1'.1

'tone 4are 9i9esE

12.1.1

4se E-'tone 4are 9i9es are extensivel0 used for 6ouse drainage and 'e4erage s0ste+. T6ese are 9articularl0 suita.le for conditions 46ere acidic effluents or acidic su.soil conditions exist.

12.1.2

,dvanta&es and disadvanta&es E-T6ese 9i9es 6ave lo4 a.sor9tion c6aracteristic and are eas0 to la0 and ver0 dura.le t6oug6 .rittle and need care during transit. T6ese 9i9es can not 4it6stand 6eav0 load and are lia.le to get fractured if t6e .ed I' settlea.le@ so for suc6 conditions cast iron 9i9es are 9referred.

12.1.-

Si0es E-!suall0 t6e 9i9es are availa.le 4it6 s9igot and soc*et ends u9to 25/ ++. dia+eter internal in (// ++. lengt6s .ut 9i9es u9to (// ++. dia+eter are also +anufactured. T6e +ini+u+ t6ic*ness of .arrel and t6e 4eig6t of 9i9es in (// ++. lengt6s are as under E

#ia+eter )5 ?eig6t in (., 7g. %ini+u+ 11 t6ic*ness of .arrel in ++.

1// 5.1-

15/ 2// 12.5- 2/ 1) 22

2-/ 25 22

-// 25.5 25

2// (/ -2

25/ ,2 -,

525 51 -,

(// 111.25

(/,

#etails of t6e s9ecials@ availa.le for Cointing of t6ese 9i9es is as s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.1-1 to 12.1-5.

12.1.2

:radient of pipes E

3elocit' and :radients E- T6e follo4ing ta.le gives t6e +ini+u+ gradient for se4ers and li+iting 9er+issi.le velocities. T6e +ini+u+ gradients are selected to give a self cleansing velocit0 of )5 c+Nsec. or t6ere a.out in a se4er flo4ing 6alf full 4it6out recourse to flus6ing. ?it6 flus6ing lo4er gradients are no4 acce9ted as 9er+issi.le. Ever0 atte+9t s6ould .e +ade to design so as to attain a velocit0 of 5/ c+Z sec. to 1/5 c+N sec. 4it6out flus6ing E

#ia+eter of se4er in ++ 1// 15/ 1)5 2-/ -// -)5 25/ (// )5/

%ini+u+ gradients 1 in 2/ 1 in 1// 1 in 125 1 in 1,5 1 in 2)/ 1 in 21/ 1 in (// 1 in 5(/ 1 in 1-//

"i+itating Velocities 9er+issi.le No li+it 2.) 2.) 2.2 1., 1., 1., 1.,

1'.$

Ce+ent Concrete 3C9es E

12.2.1

4se E-Concrete 9i9es 4it6 s9igot and soc*et or collar Coint 9resent an econo+ical alternative to stone 4are glaBed 9i9es in drainage 4or*s for 9i9es of dia+eter 15/ ++. or over. T6e greater strengt6 of concrete 9i9es render t6e+ to .e used as surface drains.

12.2.2

,dvanta&es and disadvanta&es E

12.2.2.1

As t6e corrosive gases@ 9roduced .0 t6e deco+9osition of se4age@ 6ave an adverse effect on concrete@ care s6ould .e
(/5

ta*en to la0 t6e 9i9es in suc6 grades so t6at t6e se4age is fast re+oved to t6e out fall 4or*s .efore it reac6es t6e stage of deco+9osition. T6e se4age s0ste+ s6ould also .e *e9t ventilated 9ro9erl0 to effect t6e esca9e of an0 gas for+ed. T6ese 9i9es s6ould not .e laid in soil containing sul96ates or ot6er salts.

12.2.2.2

A great saving in ti+e and cost is 9ossi.le .ecause t6ese 9i9es are availa.le in larger lengt6s@ t6us reducing t6e nu+.er of Coints.

12.2.-

Reinforcement E-All concrete 9i9es of (// 111+. or over and lesser dia+eter 9i9es su.Cect to internal 9ressure are 9rovided 4it6 reinforce+ent. 'uc6 9i9es 6ave .een classified in 1. '. E 25, as follo4s. >or 6ouse drainage 9ur9oses onl0 N.3. 1 9i9es s6all .e used.

Class N.3. 1

#escri9tion

N.3. 2

N.3. -

3.1

3.2

3.-

Conditions 46ere nor+all0 used. !nreinforced concrete >or drainage and non 9ressure 9i9e tested Irrigation use a.ove to a 60draulic 9ressure of ground or in s6allo4 ( + 6ead of 4ater. trenc6es. &einforced Concrete lig6t >or culverts carr0ing lig6t dut0 non 9ressure 9i9es traffic. tested to a 60drostatic 9ressure of ( + 6ead of 4ater. &einforced concrete >or culverts carr0ing 6eav0 dut0 non 9ressure 6eav0 traffic@ suc6 as 9i9es tested to a rail4a0 loadings 9rovided 60drostatic 9ressure of ( .0 t6e %inistr0 of + 6ead of 4ater. &ail4a0s@ $ovt. of India. &einforced concrete >or use in gravit0 +ains@ 9ressure 9i9es tested to a t6e actual 4or*ing 60drostatic 9ressure of 2- 9ressure not exceeding +. 6ead of 4ater. 2 ! t6e test 9ressure. &einforced concrete >or use on 9u+9ing +ain 9ressure 9i9es tested to a t6e actual 4or*ing 60drostatic 9ressure of 2( 9ressure not exceeding + 6ead of 4ater. ? 2 t6e test 9ressure. &einforced concrete >or use on 9u+9ing +ain 9ressure 9i9es tested to a t6e actual 4or*ing 60drostatic 9ressure of (1 9ressure not exceeding +. 6ead of 4ater. ? 2 t6e test 9ressure.
(1/

12.2.2

2en&th of concrete pipes :-)or 6ouse drainage N. 3. 1 class 9i9es s6all .e used. T6ese +a0 .e eit6er 4it6 s9igot and soc*et end or 4it6 sDuare ends. T6e no+inal lengt6 of .ot6 t09es of 9i9es for N. 3. 1. class is 1 +etre.

12.2.5

T'pes of Beddin& E->or concrete 9i9es@ as 9er 1. '. ),- +et6ods of .edding t6e 9i9es under different conditions of la0ing are as follo4s I

Conditions of la0ing <a= Trenc6 Condition

T1pes o4 Be33i0g <1= I+9er+issi.le .edding <2= Ordinar0 .edding <-= >irst class .edding <2= Concrete cradle .edding <1= I+9er+issi.le 9roCection .edding <2= Ordinar0 9roCection .edding <-= >irst class 9roCection .edding <2= Concrete cradle 9roCection .edding

<.= Culvert Condition

12.2.5.1 1.

Trench condition E /mpermissible pipe beddin& methodA- T6is is s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-1. In t6is s0ste+ t6e .otto+ of t6e trencl1 is not suita.l0 rounded to fit t6e under side of t6e 9i9e or in 46ic6 i+9er+issi.le defects of si+ilar c6aracter occur. I+9er+issi.le 9i9e .edding s6all not .e used.

2.

+rdinar' pipe beddin& method E-'6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-2. Int 6is +et6od t6e under side of t6e 9i9e is carefull0 .edded on soil for (/ to 5/ degrees of t6e circu+ference. T6e .otto+ of t6e trenc6 s6ould .e suita.l0 rounded. 1u. 6oles s6all .e +ade for all t6e 9i9es 4it6 6u.s. T6e 9i9e is surrounded .0 soil 9laced 4it6 ordinar0 care. )irst class beddin& method E--As s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-- In t6is t09e of .edding t6e under side of t6e9i9es is t6oroug6l0
(11

-.

.edded on soil for atleast 5/ degrees of t6e circu+ference and digging 6u. 6oles for 9i9es 4it6 6u.s and t6e entire 9i9e is surrounded 4it6 t6oroug6l0 co+9acted soil@ all under t6e direction of t6e co+9etent su9ervisor constantl0 on 4or*. 2. .oncrete .radle beddin& method E- T6is is s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-2. In t6is t09e of .edding t6e 9i9e is carefull0 .edded on a suita.le concrete cradle t6roug6out its lengt6. Pipe Beddin& methods under culvert conditions E/mpermissible proBection beddin& E-As s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-5. In t6is t09e of .edding no care is exercised to s6a9e t6e .ed of trenc6 to fit t6e lo4er surface of 9i9e@ or to fill all t6e s9ace around 4it6 granular +aterials. T6is t09e also includes t6e case of 9i9es on roc* foundations in 46ic6 an eart6 cus6ion is 9rovided under t6e 9i9e@ .ut is too s6allo4 t6at as t6e 9i9e settles under t6e influence of vertical loads it co+es in contact 4it6 t6e roc*. T6ese t09es s6all not .e used. 2. +rdinar' proBection beddin& E-As s6o4n in #rg. 12.2-(. In t6is t09e of .edding t6e 9i9es .edded 4it6 ordinar0 care in an eart6 foundation s6a9ed to fit t6e lo4er 9art of t6e 9i9e exterior 4it6 reasona.le closeness for atleast ten 9ercent of its overall 6eig6t and t6e re+ainder of t6e 9i9e is surrounded .0 granular +aterial so 9laced as to co+9letel0 fill all s9aces under and adCacent to t6e 9i9e. All 4or* s6ould .e carried out under t6e general direction of a co+9etent su9ervisor. In case of roc* foundation@ t6e 9i9es are .edded on an eart6 cus6ion@ s6a9ed si+ilar to t6e a.ove@ 6aving a t6ic*ness under t6e 9i9e of not less t6an 1 c+ or ever0 25 c+. 6eig6t of fill 4it6 a +ini+u+ allo4a.le t6ic*ness of 2/ c+. -. )irst class proBection beddin& E-As s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-). T6is +et6od of .edding is for 9i9es 6aving a 9roCection ratio of not greater t6an /.)/. T6e 9i9e is
(12

12.2.5.2 1.

.edded carefull0 on fine granular +aterial in an eart6 foundation carefull0 s6a9ed so as to fit t6e lo4er 9ortion of t6e 9i9e exterior for at least ten 9ercent of its over all 6eig6t. T6e eart6 is filled in la0ers not exceeding 15 ++. in de9t6 and is t6oroug6l0 ra++ed and te+9ed around t6e 9i9e for t6e re+ainder of t6e lo4er -/ 9ercent of its 6eig6t. All 4or* s6ould .e done in 9resence of a co+9etent su9ervisor. In t6e case of roc* foundations@ t6e 9i9es are .edded in an eart6 cus6ion 6aving a de9t6 as 9rovided under ordinar0 9roCection .edding. 2. .oncrete cradle proBection beddin& E-As s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-,. In t6is +et6od of .edding t6e lo4er 9art of t6e 9i9e exterior is .edded in a cradle constructed of concrete 6aving a co+9ressive strengt6 of not less t6an 12/ 7g. 9er sD. e+. T6e t6ic*ness of cradle 8.elo4 t6e 9i9e s6ould .e one fourt6 of its no+inal internal dia+eter and s6ould extend u9 t6e sides of t6e 9i9e for a 6eig6t eDual to one fourt6 of its out side dia+eter. 1'.% $alvaniBed Iron 3i9esE 12.-.1 $alvaniBed 9i9es of steel or 4roug6t Iron are 4idel0 used for 4ater su99l0 distri.ution s0ste+. T6e Cointing of $. 1. 9i9es is easier in co+9arison to 9i9es of ot6er +aterials. T6ese are arso eas0 to trans9ort and +ani9ulate and are generall0 +anufactured in siBes fro+ ( ++ to )5 ++. in dia+eter@ t6e siBe .eing indicated .0 t6e .ore dia+eter. T6ese 9i9es are availa.le in t6ree $rades of t6ic*ness 46ic6 are designated as lig6t@ %ediu+ and 1eav0. T6e different $rades s6all .e distinguis6ed .0 colour .ands 46ic6 s6all .e a99lied as follo4s .efore t6e 9i9es leave t6e +anufacture8s 4or* E- . 8"ig6t8 Tu.es - ro4n 8%ediu+8 Tu.es - lue 81eav08 Tu.es - &ed #etails of t6ic*ness and 4eig6t s6all .e as 9er 1. '. 12-5 G'9ecification for %ild

12.-.2

(1-

'teel tu.es and T1.i.ulars.G 1'.' Cast Iron 3i9es E 12.2.1 12.2.1.1 .ast /ron Pressure Pipes E Cast Iron 9i9es are extensivel0 used for 4ater and gas su99l0 as 4ell for carr0ing se4age in so+e situations. T6ese 9ressure 9i9es are of t4o t09es .ased on t6e +et6od of casting during t6e 9rocess of +anufacture. Centrifugall0 Cast <s9un= Iron 3ressure 3i9es - as 9er I.'. 15-( <ii= Verticall0 Cast Iron 3ressure 9i9es-as 9er I. '. 15-). Verticall0 Cast Iron 9i9es are +anufactured eit6er 4it6 s9igot and soc*et ends or 4it6 flanges for u9 to 15// ++ dia+eters 46ereas t6e s9un 9i9es are +anufactured u9to )5/ ++ in case of s9igot and soc*et end and u9to -// ++ in case of flanged 9i9es cast 4it6 scre4ed ends. 12.2.1.2 <a= Classifications ESpun Pipes E-As 9er 1. '. 15-( 9i9es 6ave .een classified as " A@ A and according to t6eir 8t6ic*ness. Class " A 9i9es 6ave .een ta*en as t6e .asis for evolving t6e series of 9i9es. Class A allo4s a 1/ 9ercent increase in t6ic*ness over class "A@ Class allo4s a 2/ 9ercent increase in t6ic*ness over Class "A. T6ese - classes are suggested for s9un 9i9es 4it6 s9igot and soc*et ends. I n case of flanged s9un 9i9es onl0 class A and Class are to .e ta*en as standard. 3erticall' .ast Pipes E- 1ere again t6e 9i9es 6ave .een classified as a.ove .ut Class "A 6as not .een ta*en as standard. T6us t6e standard is eit6er Class A or Class 4it6 eit6er soc*et and s9igot end or 4it6 >langed ends. 1'draulic Test:( I. '. 15-( and 15-) s9ecif0 t6e follo4ing standard of a5ce9tance for 60draulic tests / f various 9i9ea<i= >or Centrifuga1l0 Cast 'oc*et and s9igot 9i9es.
(12

<i=

<.=

12.2.1.-

Nor+al dia+eter !9to and including (// ++ Over (// ++

Test 9ressure in 7g.Nc+2 Class "A 2/ 15

Class A 25 2/

Class -/ 25

<ii= Centrifugall0 Cast >langed 3i9es E No+inal dia+eter !9to and including -// ++ Test 3ressure in 7g.Nc+2 Class A 2/ Class 25

<.= Verticall0 Cast 3i9es E No+inal #ia+eter <i= <ii= !9to and including -// ++ Over -// ++ and u9to and including (// ++ Over (// ++ and u9to and including 1/// ++ Over 1/// ++ to 15// ++ 12.2.1.2 <a= Test 3ressure in 7g.NC+2 'oc*et : s9igot 9i9es >langed 9i9e Class A Class Class A Class 2/ 25 2/ 25 2/ 25 15 2/

<iii=

15

2/

1/

15

<iv=

1/

15

1/

15

'tandard "engt6 of 3i9es EIn case of centrifugall0 Cast 3i9e@ t6e standard lengt6s for soc*et and s9igot 9i9e 6ave .een s9ecified as -.((@ 2@ 2.,, and 5.5 +etres 46ere as for flanged 9i9es 4it6 scre4ed flanges 6ave .een fixed as 2@ -. ,@ -@ 2@ 2.,,@ 5 and 5.5 +etres de9ending u9on t6e +anufacturing facilities. In case of verticall0 Cast 3i9e t6e standard lengt6s for s9igot and soc*et 9i9e 6ave .een s9ecified as -.((@ 2@ 2.,,@ 5 and 5.5 +etres. In case of flanged 9i9es t6e 4or*ing lengt6 s6all .e 1 to - +etres
(15

<.=

for 9i9e of ,/ ++ dia+eter and 1 to 2 + for 9i9e of greater dia+eter. T6e actual lengt6 s6all de9end u9on +anufacturing facilities. 12.2.1.5 Scope of use E-Cast Iron 9i9es are extensivel0 used for 4ater +ains@ on account of dura.ilit0@ strengt6@ and lo4 +aintenance cost. T6ese can .e easil0 ta99ed for +a*ing service connections. Nor+all0 for 4ater su99l0 s0ste+ Class 9i9es are used. 5isadvanta&es E-Cast Iron 9i9es 6ave t6e disadvantage of 6eav0 4eig6t@ 6ig6 trans9ort cost@ 6ig6 9i9e la0ing and Cointing costs .ecause of s6ort lengt6s@ lo4 tensile strengt6@ lia.ilit0 to defects suc6 as sand 6oles and .lo4 6oles and t6e roug6ness of internal surface. .ast /ron pipes for 5raina&e #ork E >or drainage 4or* Cast Iron 9i9es .eco+e necessar0 for so+e cases suc6 as for <1= soil@ 4aste and vent 9i9es and fittings <1/ c+ to 15 c+ dia+eter= <2= &ain 4ater 9i9es and fittings <1/ c+ dia+eter= <-= #rains and 'e4er 9i9es <,/ ++ to )5/ ++=. T6ese 9i9es are non 9ressure 9i9es. 12.2.12.2.-.1 Cointin& of .ast /ron Pipes:Cast Iron 9i9es are su99lied 4it6 t6ree t09es of Coints <1= >langed Coint <2= Turned and .ored Coint <-= 'i9got and soc*et Coint. )lan&ed Coints E-'uc6 Coints are used in 9i9es for E Valve or +eter connections@ 46ic6 +a0 6ave to .e re+oved for re9airs. Vertical Inlet reservoirs. and outlet 9i9es of

12.2.1.(

12.2.2

1. <i= <ii= <iii= <iv=

>or 9i9es 46ere t6e 9ressure is 6ig6. In suction 9i9es of 9u+9s 46ere a close Coint is 4anted to 9revent air .eing suc*ed in. ?6ere t6ere are vi.rations. Turned and bored Boints( E-T6ese Coints are a.solutel0 rigid and do not lend t6e+selves to an0 deviation fro+ t6e
(1(

<v= 2.

straig6t line or an0 ex9ansion or contraction and can not .e laid on curves. T6ese Coints are not +uc6 in use t6ese da0s. -. Spi&ot and socket Boints E- T6is Coint is used +ost co++onl0. It lends itself to ex9ansion@ and contraction under +oderate c6anges of te+9erature and slig6t settle+ents 46ic6 occur 4it6 .uried@ 9i9es. Curves of large radius can .e .uilt 4it6 straig6t 9i9es .0 deflecting eac6 Coint slig6tl0. #etails of C.I. s9ecials availa.le are s6o4n in #rg. No. 12.2-1 to 12.2-15. 1'.( Corrosive action on C.I. 3i9es 12.5.1 12.5.1.1 :eneral E It s6ould .e noted t6at cast iron 9i9es@ even if given a 9rotective 9aint are lia.le to severe external corrosion in certain corrosive soils. 'uc6 soils are@ <a= 'oils in 9eat0 4aters - <.= 'oils in 46ic6 t6e su. soil contains a99recia.le concentration of sul96ates <c= in to4n refuse@ as6 and cinder 6ea9s. Cast Iron 9i9es 9eris6 in a.out -/ 0ears in salt i+9regnated areas or coastal areas@ .ut ot6er4ise t6ese 9i9es 6ave .een found to .e in good condition even after use for 1// 0ears. A lining of ce+ent +ortar 9rotects t6e internal surface of t6e 9i9es fro+ t6e corrosive action of 4ater. "ocal ex9eriences s6ould .e ta*en into considerations .efore cast iron 9i9es are used. ?6ere corrosive soil conditions are sus9ected@ external 4ra99ing of 9i9es +a0 .e resorted to as an adeDuate safeguard. 12.5.2. .oatin& on .ast /ron Pipes E-All 9i9es s6ould .e coated 4it6 #r. Angus '+it68s co+9osition@ 46ic6 is a standard co+9osition. <#r. Angus '+it68s solution is a varnis6 of coal Tar@ 9itc6 and oil@ and consists of coal tar 1// 7g. 9araffin 4ax or tallo4 (.25 7g. Duic* li+e 5 7g. resins -.5 7g. T6e surface coating +ust .e .lac* 4it6 a .rig6t gloss@ and t6oroug6l0 incor9orated 4it6 t6e +etal. T6is treat+ent +a*es t6e 9i9e rust-9roof and increases its life. Care s6ould .e ta*en
(1)

12.5.1.2

12.5.1.-

12.5.2

46ile Cointing 9i9es t6at t6e coating is not inCured. 1'.+ As.estos ce+ent 3i9esE 12.(.1 Materials:T6e +aterials for +anufacturing t6e As.estos ce+ent 9i9es is As.estos-ce+ent@ 46ic6 is a co+.ination of As.estos fi.res and ce+ent@ a.out 15J of as.estos-fi.res are +ixed 4it6 ce+ent. No organic +aterial exce9t Car.on .lac* for 9ig+ent is allo4ed. As.estos-ce+ent is ver0 dura.le. and 9ossesses great resistance to transverse and tensile stresses. Si0es:- T6e no+inal dia+eters for ordinar0 As.estos ce+ent 9i9es as s9ecified .0 I'E 1626 are as given .elo4 E 67mm D7 mm @7 mm E7 mm 12.(.Scope for 4se E-As.estos-ce+ent 9i9es are co++onl0 used for 6ouse drainage s0ste+s i.e. for soil@ 4aste and vent 9i9es. T6ese 9i9es are not reco++ended . for underground conditions or situations. >or suc6 situations A. C. 9ressure 9i9es +a0 .e used. ,dvanta&es E-T6e disc6arge carr0ing ca9acit0 of As.estos ce+ent 9i9es re+ains su.stantiall0 t6e sa+e as 46en first laid@ as it 6as a s+oot6 inside surface and is i++une fro+ attac* .0 corrosive soils and al*alies or acids in 4ater. T6ese 9i9es are also lig6t in 4eig6t@ and can .e drilled and ta99ed for connections easil0. 5isadvanta&es E-As.estos-ce+ent 9i9es do not 6ave t6e sa+e strengt6 and suita.ilit0 as cast iron 9i9es. "ea*age are difficult to detect and .eco+e 4orse as t6e ti+e 9asses. T6e 9i9es are fragile and can not 4it6stand i+9acts and .lo4s during 6andling@ carriage and la0ing. T6e0 are not suita.le in situations su.Cect to vi.rations and su.sidence. 2en&ths E-T6ese are +anufactured in /.5 +@ 1 +@ 1.5 + and - + in lengt6s. )ixin& E-->or fixing A. C. rain 4ater 9i9es in different situations a nu+.er of different s9ecials and .ends are availa.le.
(1,

12.(.2

?77 mm ?26 mm ?67 mm

12.(.2

12.(.5

12.(.( 12.(.)

T6ese are as s6o4n in #rg. 12.(-1 to 12.(-12. 1'., As.estos ce+ent 3ressure 3i9esE 12.).1 >or 3ressure 9i9es As.estos-ce+ent 9ressure 9i9es 6ave .een classified .0 1.,. 1552 according to t6e test 9ressures as given .elo4E Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class Class 2 Class 5 Test 3ressure 5 7gNc+2 1/ 7gNc+2 15 7gNc+2 2/ 7gNc+2 25 7gNc+2

It is reco++ended t6at a class .e selected so t6at t6e 4or*ing 9ressure s6all not exceed 6alf t6e test 9ressure given for eac6 class. 12.).2 Si0es E-T6e siBe of t6e 9i9es is denoted .0 t6e no+inal internal dia+eters of t6e 9i9es. T6e no+inal dia+eters of As.estos-ce+ent 9ressure 9i9es@ as s9ecified .0 1. ,. 1552 areas given .elo4 E 67 mm @7 mm ?77 mm ?26 mm ?67 mm 277 mm 12.).267 mm !77 mm 967 mm D77 mm E77 mm ?777 mm

2en&th:- T6e no+inal lengt6s for A. C. 9ressure 9i9es <lengt6 .et4een extre+ities for 9i9es 4it6 9lain ends@ and effective lengt6 for 9i9es 4it6 soc*ets= s6all not .e Aess t6an - + for 9i9es of no+inal dia+eters of 1// ++ or less. 2 + for 9i9es of no+inal dia+eters greater t6an 1// ++.

1'.-

As=estos Ce/e0t #utters.

12.,.1

%ost of t6e slo9ing roofs usuall0 drain into a gutter 46ic6 is fixed to t6e roofing +e+.er .0 +eans of $utter Cla+9s or %. '. flats and rounds.
(15

>our t09es of suc6 gutters de9ending u9on t6e situation availa.le are E <a= <.= <c= <d= 1alf &ound $utter - used for residential do+estic .uildings. Ogee $utter oundar0 or Eaves $utter - used for industries and ot6er situations Valle0 $utters T6ese gutters are availa.le 4it6 s9ecials suc6 as sto9 end@ dro9 ends and t6e size selected s6ould .e consistent 4it6 t6e area drained. 1'.5 !ea3 Pipes 12.5.1 12.5.1 'co9e for !se E"ead 9i9es +a0 .e used for .ranc6 soil 9i9es@ .ranc6 anti-si96onage 9i9es. >lus6 9i9es for flus6ing cisterns of ?. C8s and urinals +a0 also .e of lead. "ead 9i9es are not suita.le for 6ot 4ater su99l0@ since t6e0 sag 46en 6eated and are not lia.le to recover full0 after ex9ansion. C6e+ical action of 4ater on lead also increases on 6eating. Selection of PipesA -T6e lead 9i9es selected for use s6ould .e sound and free fro+ la+inations and fla4s. T6e0 s6ould .e c0lindrical@ s+oot6 and unifor+ in section. ?all t6ic*ness s6ould also .e unifor+ t6roug6ou8t. T6e lead used for 9i9es s6ould contain 55.)5 J +etallic lead. T6e total i+9urities not exceeding /.25 J. .haracteristics of 2ead Pipes E %olten lead 9i9es are 9roduced in extrusion 9resses@ t6e +etal .eing forced out 46ile in se+i-+olten condition@ .0 +eans of. 60draulic 9ressure. T6us sea+less 9i9es of an0 lengt6 can .e 9roduced. T6eseE are called G#ra4n lead 9i9es.G "ead 9i9es can .e easil0 .ent@ .ored@ ex9anded and Cointed. T6e0 do not t6us reDuire t6e usual fittings suc6 as .ends@ el.o4s@ etc. li*e 9i9es of ot6er +aterials@ .ending of lead 9i9es is .est done to an0 curve .0 filling it 4it6 sand. "ead 9i9es are slo4l0 attac*ed .0 soft and active 4ater. 1ard 4ater@ unless containing a large excess of car.on
(2/

12.5.1.2

12.5.2

12.5.12.5.-.1

12.5.-.2

dioxide@ does not dissolve lead@ .ut for+ a 9rotective coating on t6e inside of t6e 9i9es. "ead 9i9es are lia.le to c/1THsion 4it6 fres6 ce+ent@ ce+ent +ortar or concrete. T6e0 are also lia.le to corrosion 46en in direct contact 4it6 certain ti+.ers@ es9eciall0 46en t6e0 arc da+9. 12.5.2 12.5.2.1 Cointin& of 2ead pipes . "ead 9i9es are Cointed .0 4i9ed solder Coints 46ic6 are of t4o t09es given .elo4 I 4nder hand #iped Boint I-?6en t6e ends of t6e 9i9es to .e Cointed are in a 6oriBontal 9osition@ it is called an 8!nder 6ll1d 4i9ed Coint.8 4pri&ht #iped Boint E-?6en t6e ends of t6e 9i9es to .e Cointed are in a vertical 9osition@ it is called an 8!9rig6t 4i9ed CointE "ead 9i9es can also .e Cointed to cast iron@ 4roug6t Iron@ 'teel or Co99er .0 using Co99er allo0 scre4ed unions or ferrules. T6e 9rocedure of Cointing 6as .een ex9lained in detailed s9ecifications c6a9ter 12.5. T6e #rg. No.12.5-1@ 12.5-2 : 12.5-- s6o4s t6e finis6ed Coints.

<i=

<ii=

12.5.2.2

(21

(22

(2-

(22

(25

(2(

(2)

(2,

(25

(-/

(-1

C&APTER - 1( 2AN&O!ESB 2A&O!E COEERS AN" FRA2ESB # !!* TRAPS

1(.1

"e4i0itio0s

15.1.1 15.1.1

#efinitionsE Manhole E-It is an o9ening fitted 4it6 a suita.le cover .0 46ic6 a +an can enter or leave a drain@ a se4er or ot6er closed structures for ins9ection@ cleaning and ot6er +aintenance o9erations. Manhole .hamber E-An0 C6a+.er constructed on t6e drain or se4er so as to 9rovide access t6ere to for ins9ection@ testing or. t6e clearance of t6e o.structions@ is *no4n as %an6ole. c6a+.er. 5eep Manhole E-A +an6ole of suc6 de9t6 t6at an access s6aft is reDuired in addition to t6e 4or*ing c6a+.er@ is *no4n as #ee9 %an6ole. 5rop Manhole E- ?6en a .ranc6 se4er enters a +an6ole at a level +ore t6an )5 c+. a.ove t6e +ain se4er@ t6e content of t6e .ranc6 se4er s6all not .e allo4ed to dro9 in verticall0 fro+ a 6eig6t@ .ut s6all .e .roug6t into it t6roug6 a vertical 9i9e carried do4n fro+ t6e .ranc6 se4er to t6e dro9 +an6ole. T6e .ranc6 9i9e s6all .e carried straig6t into t6e +an6ole for ins9ection and cleaning. ?ater cus6ion s6all .e 9rovided to lessen t6e i+9act of t6e falling colu+n of se4age. If t6e dro9 is less t6an 5/ c+ <-8 (G= t6e dro9 9i9e s6all .e laid at an angle of 25[. T6e +an6oles or ins9ection c6a+.ers are 9rovided in a drainage s0ste+ at ever0 c6ange of align+ent@ gradient or dia+eter of a drain. T6erefore t6e .ends and
(-2

15.1.2

15.1.-

15.1.2

15.1.2.1

15.1.2.2

15.1.2.-

1(.$

"ocation of %an6olesE

15.2.1

Cunctions in t6e drains so far as 9ossi.le s6ould .e grou9ed in +an6oles. %an6ole s6ould also .e 9rovided at street intersection 46et6er or not t6ere is a .ranc6 se4er Coining it. 15.2.2 >or convenience in cleaning@ it is suggested t6at t6e +axi+u+ distance .et4een t6e gull0 c6a+.er. and t6e +an6ole s6ould not exceed (+. In 6ouse drainage in 46ic6 s+all dia+eter drains u9to 2- e+s. <5G= are generall0 used@ t6e +axi+u+ distance .et4een t6e +an6oles@ even if in one straig6t drain@ +a0 .e a.out -/ +etres. In t6e se4erage s0ste+ for s+all dia+eter 9i9e <(/ c+s@ to 125 c+.= . 46ic6 can not .e entered for cleaning a9art fro+ 9roviding %an6oles at Cunctions and 9ends@ it is suggested t6at +an6oles s6ould also .e 9rovided at suita.le distances a9art even on t6e straig6t drains. A s9acing of 1//-15/ +. is suggested. On larger dia+eter se4ers 1.25 + to 1.,+ <28 to (8= in 46ic6 a +an can enter for ins9ection@ t6e s9acing of 2//-25/ +etre is suggested. T6oug6 it is not essential to 9rovide +an6ole at ever0 c6ange of align+ent for suc6 9i9es@ t6e 9rovision of +an6oles at tangent 9oints is reco++ended. ?6ere t6e silt and grit loads are 6eav0@ catc6 9its 4it6 .0-9asses s6ould .e 9rovided 25/ to (// +etre a9art. T6e c6ange in direction s6ould not .e at an angle less t6an 5/[. 15.2.( T6e 9osition of +an6oles s6ould .e suc6 t6at 46en o9ened for ins9ection@ t6e0 s6ould not +ateriall0 o.struct traffic. If t6e street is narro4@ t6e entrance s6ould .e +ade on one side 4it6 an arc6ed or sla..ed 9assage-a4a0 fro+ it leading to t6e se4er under road.

15.2.-

15.2.2

15.2.5

(--

15.2.)

T6e +an6ole s6ould .e nu+.ered seriall0. T6ose on t6e +ain or trun* se4er s6ould .e nu+.ered first. T6e nu+.ers s6ould start eit6er fro+ t6e to9 do4n4ards or fro+ t6e .otto+ u94ards. ?6atever s0ste+ is ado9ted it s6ould .e t6e sa+e on all t6e dra4ings. T6e %an6ole sa0 at t6e .otto+ of t6e +ain se4er@ s6ould .e nu+.ered AI@ t6e next A2@ A-@ and so on. T6en t6ose on t6e .ranc6 at t6e .otto+ .eing nu+.ered l8 2@ - etc. T6ose on t6e next .ranc6 C1@ CB@ CEA and so on. 0 follo4ing t6is s0ste+@ an0 +an6ole can .e s9otted on t6e 9lan at a glance. T6is s6ould .e done in eac6 drainage district se9aratel0. T6us t6e +an6ole on t6e +ain se4er in drainage district No.( sa0@ s6ould .e +ar*ed .0 nu+.ers (N A 1@(N A2 etc@ t6ose on t6e lo4est .ranc6 in t6e sa+e drainage district as (N I@ (N 2 etc. and so on. C6a+.ers s6ould .e of suc6 siBe so as to allo4 necessar0 exa+ination or clearance of drains. T6e +ini+u+ internal siBes of c6a+.ers <.et4een +asonr0 faces= s6all .e as follo4s E <a= >or de9t6 of O.Y + or less - /.)5 + xO.)5 +. <.= >or de9t6 .et4een a.,+ and 2.5 +. 1.2 + x /.5 +. <c= >or de9t6 +ore t6an 2.5 + - Circular c6a+.ers 4it6 a +ini+u+ dia+eter of 1.2 + <2M ft= or rectangular c6a+.ers 4it6 +ini+u+ internal di+ensions of 1.2xl.2 + are reco++ended.

1(.%

'iBe of %an6ole C6a+.ersE

15.-.1

15.-.2

T6e siBes given a.ove are a.solutel0 +ini+u+@ t6e longer di+ension .eing in t6e direction of t6e +ain se4er@ and +a0 .e increased to acco++odate greater nu+.er of drains@ +eeting at t6e c6a+.er. An increase of a.out -/ c+s. is suggested for eac6 additional drain. >or dee9 +an6oles@ t6e lo4er 9art of t6e c6a+.er s6all .e constructed u9to a 6eig6t of 1 ,+ <(8= fro+ t6e .ase and t6e access s6aft +ade on one side@ and not in t6e contre of
(-2

t6e c6a+.er. 15.-.T6e access s6aft s6all .e cor.elled in4ards on t6ree sides at t6e to9 to reduce its siBe to t6at of t6e cover fra+e to .e fitted. Alternativel0@ toe access s6aft +a0 .e covered .0 a reinforced concrete sla. of suita.le di+ension 4it6 an o9ening for +an6ole cover and fra+e. #ra4ing No. 15.1-1 to 15.1-- under s9ecifications s6o4s t09ical sections of +an6oles for different de9t6s of drains. 1(.' $ull0 Tra9s 15.2.1 $ull0 Tra9s 6aving 4ater seal are used on t6e foot of 4aste 9i9e for rece9tion of 4aste 4ater fro+ sin*s@ .at6s@ lavator0 .asins etc. T6ese 9revent t6e esca9e of foul air fro+ drains 46en connecting to soil drainage. %ost of t6e+ 6ave vertical inlets and +a0 6ave outlets at 52t@ 112Z@ 1-5 and 1,/ degrees. T6e 'tandard siBes are 2G and (G #rg. Nos. 15.2-1 and 15.2-2 s6o4s round and sDuare +out6 gull0 tra9s res9ectivel0. . T6ese tra9s +a0 .e of stone 4are or cast iron and 4it6 s6a9es to suit t6e different 9ur9oses. 15.2.2 N6ani tra9 is a for+ of a $ull0 tra9 46ic6 is 9rovided 46en s+all t6ic*ness is availa.le Cust as in case of u99er floors. It is usuall0 9rovided 4it6 a 6inged cover to arrest t6e coarse solid +atter. T6ese tra9s are availa.le eit6er 4it6 s6allo4 or 4it6 dee9 'eals. '6allo4 seal s6all .e used 46ere t6e 4aste 4ater is not foul suc6 as 4as6ing floors etc. I n case a f .at6 roo+s etc. t6e N6ani tra9 4it6 dee9 seal and antisi96onage is used. A N6ani tra9 is s6o4n in #rg. No. 15.2--. Grease Trap E- T6e large a+ount of grease in t6e 4aste 4ater fro+ *itc6en sin*s used in connection 4it6 .oarding 6ouses@ 6otels and restaurants@ if alIaG ed to enter t6e drain 9i9e@ s6all on solidification c6o*e t6e 9i9e.

15.2.-

(-5

T6e tra9 s6ould .e selected 4it6 care and essentiall0 s6ould contain an adeDuate Duantit0 of 4ater to cool t6e inco+ing 4aste sufficientl0 for grease to solidif0 and collect on t6e surface. T6e tra9 is usuall0 so designed t6at t6e disc6arge enters t6e receiver t6roug6 a .end inlet .elo4 t6e 4ater line. T6e 9at6 inside t6e tra9 s6ould .e suc6 t6at t6e 6ot greas0 4aste 4ater ta*es t6e largest route so t6at it co+es in contact 4it6 t6e cool 4ater in t6e fitting. T6e .od0 s6ould .e 9rovided 4it6 close fitting galvaniBed silt tra0s 9rovided 4it6 6andles for eas0 lifting. T6e grease can .e s*i++ed fro+ t6e surface after 46ic6 t6e tra0 is re+oved for e+9t0ing. A t09ical section of suc6 tra9 is s6o4n in #rg. No. 15.2-2.

(-(

(-)

C&APTER - 1+ SEPTIC TAN9B SEEPA#E PIT AN" "ISPERSION TRENC&. 1+.1 Septic Ta0: 1(.1.1 1(.1.1.1 5efinitions ISeptic tank E-A se9tic tan* is 4ater tig6t rectangular c6a+.er@ usuall0 .uilt under ground and +eant to 9roduce certain .iological and c6e+ical c6anges in 6u+an excreta so as to render t6e se4age@ less offensive and to reduce its .ul*. 'uc6 +ineral and organic 9articles of t6e se4age 46ic6 are lig6ter t6an 4ater rise to surface to for+@ 46at is called ;Scum(; T6e 9articles 46ic6 are 6eavier t6an 4ater sin* to t6e .otto+ and for+@ 46at is called ;Slud&e(; 1(.1.1.2 1(.1.1.1(.1.1.2 /nfluent E-'e4age@ in co+ing to t6e se9tic tan*. Effluent E--'e4age@ outgoing fro+ a 'e9tic tan*. 5r' *eather )lo# "5( *( )($ E-- T6e total average disc6arge of 'anitar0 se4age@ .ased on t6e 9ros9ective 9o9ulation is called t6e dr0 4eat6er flo4. B( O. 5( "Bio-chemical +xv&en 5emand E-- . O. #. of a se4age is t6e Duantit0 of ox0gen reDuired for t6e .io-c6e+ical oxidation of t6e deco+9osa.le +atter 9resent in it at a given te+9erature and 4it6in a given ti+e. Baffle #alls E-- T6e 9artition 4alls are 9rovided in a se9tic tan* in order to divide it into t4o or t6ree co+9art+ents so t6at a BigBag or a circuitous course is given to t6e flo4 fro+ one end to t6e ot6er. )unction of Septic Tank E-- T6e .ioc6e+ical c6anges of t6e 6u+an excreta disc6arged into a se9tic tan*@ ta*e 9lace t6roug6 t6e action of anaero.ic .acteria 46ic6 flouris6 in 6u+idit0@ dar*ness@ 4ar+t6 and in a.sence of free ox0gen@ and t6ese conditions are created in t6e se9tic tan* and t6us t6e .ul* of se4age is considera.l0 reduced. T6e 6u+an faces consist of a.out (5 9ercent of +ineral +atter and a.out -5J of organic +atter.
(-,

1(.1.1.5

1(.1.1.(

1(.1.2

Onl0 a.out 2/ to 2/J of t6e organic +atter gets IiDuified or gasifIed in t6e 'e9tic tan*. 46ere as t6e +ineral +atter does not under go to an0 c6e+ical c6ange. T6e inflo4 and outlo4 fro+ t6e tan* is so arranged t6at scu+ and sludge re+ain undistur.ed. 1(.1.Scope for use E-Y'e9tic tan*s are ver0 convenient and useful for s+all residential 6ouses@ isolated esta.lis6+ents@ suc6 as a 6otel or a 6os9ital or a s+all grou9 of 6ouses. T6eir use in suc6 conditions is ver0 +uc6 suiteC@ as t6e effluent is s+all and can .e dis9osed off@ eit6er .0 land treat+ent or dilution. ,dvanta&es of Septic tank E--T6e 9rinci9al advantages of a se9tic tan* are ET6e sludge is relativel0 s+all@ +ost of it .eing liDuified and digested. It is a.out -/J less in 4eig6t and (/J less in volu+e t6an t6at fro+ a nor+al sedi+entation tan*. >or s+all econo+ical. installations@ t6ese and are

1(.1.2 <i=

<ii= <iii= <iv= <v=

Ver0 little attentic n attendance are reDuired.

s*illed

T6ere are no +ec6anical +oving 9arts. If so+e satisfactor0 arrange+ent is +ade for re+oving t6e 9art of t6e sludge@ occasionall0 under 60drostatic 9ressure 4it6out distur.ing t6e 4or*ing of tan*@ it is ex9ected to give a long care-free service. ?6en t6e se4age of an entire to4n is to .e dealt 4it6 it is not suita.le due to t6e follo4ing disadvantages.

<1= <2= <-=

T6e siBe reDuired is too large and unecono+ical. T6e effluent is dar* and foul s+elling 4it6 6ig6 . O. #. A se9tic tan* reDuire a cover for t6e rea-/ns +entioned a.ove@ 46ic6 adds to its cost.

(-5

1(.1.5 1(.1.5.1

*orkin& and care of Septic tank EA se9tic tan* s6ould .e initiall0 filled 4it6 4ater. #isinfectants s6ould not .e used .e0ond ver0 s+all Duantities since t6ese *ill t6e .acterial life and t6e se9tic tan* 4ill not function. 'oa9 and grease fro+ .at6 roo+s are also 6ar+ful. T6e 4or*ing of a tan* can .e Cudged .0 t6e scu+ t6ic*ness. It s6ould .e t6ic* and un.ro*en. If t6ere is a t6in scu+ or no scu+ at all and t6e liDuid is Duiet and gre0@ t6e se4age is ver0 dilute and 9assing t6roug6 largel0 unc6anged. If t6e liDuid is .lac* and .u..ling or <foa+ing=@ t6e tan* is too large for its 4or* and overse9ticiBation is ta*ing 9lace due to t6e se4age and t6e sludge 6aving .een too lon& in t6e tan*@ and indicates for t6e re+oval of t6e sludge. A good se9tic tan* e1tluent s6ould not contain +ore t6an 15 9arts of solids 9er +illion. A.out 21 J of t6e solid +atter in a se9tic tan* re+ains as sludge. 'ludge de9osited in a tan* +ust .e re+oved at least once a 0ear and s6ould never .e allo4ed to accu+ulate to a de9t6 of +ore t6an one-t6ird of t6e de9t6 of t6e inlet co+9art+ent@ .ut t6e scu+ is not re+oved. 5esi&n of septic tank E2ocations E--?6ile locating t6e 9osition of t6e 'e9tic tan* on t6e 9lan@ follo4ing 9oints s6ould .e ta*en into consideration. A se9tic tan* s6ould not .e constructed near an0 source of drin*ing 4ater suc6 as 4ells etc. It is advisa.le to *ee9 a +ini+u+ distance of ).5 +etres fro+ an0 source of drin*ing 4ater. 'e9tic tan* s6ould .e as far re+oved fro+ t6e nearest 6a.ita.le .uilding as econo+icall0 feasi.le@ .ut in an0 case it s6ould not .e closer t6an ( +. to avoid da+age to structure. A t09ical la0out of 'e9tic tan* is s6o4n in #rg. No. 1(.1-1. .apacit' of tank E -T6e siBe of t6e tan* s6all .e as given in clause 1(.1.1. of t6e s9ecification. T6ese ca9acities +a0 .e divided .et4een t4o or +ore
(2/

1(.1.5.2

1(.1.( 1(.1.(.1

<a=

<.=

<c= 1(.1.(.2

co+9art+ents as convenient to isolate one@ 46en reDuired for re+oving t6e sludge. 1(.1.(.5imensions and Bed slopes E- ?6ile deter+ining t6e di+ensions@ and .ed slo9e of t6e se9tic tan*@ follo4ing 9oints s6ould .e ta*en into considerationE- . T6e lengt6 of eac6 co+9art+ent of t6e se9tic tan* is generall0 *e9t 2 to 2 ti+es t6e 4idt6. '9etic tan* s6ould 6ave a +ini+u+ liDuid de9t6 of one +etre. T6e +axi+u+ liDuid de9t6 s6ould not .e +ore t6an 2 +I at t6e inlet end. T6e +ini+u+ 4idt6 of tan* s6ould .e /.)5 + and t6e +axi+u+ 4idt6 s6ould not .e +ore t6an - + for an0 single unit. T6e tan* s6ould 6ave a +ini+u+ liDuid ca9acit0 of one cu.ic +etre. affle 4alls s6ould .e 9rovided in suc6 a 4a0 so as to divide t6e co+9art+ent in t6e ratio 1 E 2. T6e inlet c6a+.er s6ould .e *e9t s+aller and s6ould .e given a stee9er .ed slo9e t6an t6e outer c6a+.er <as +ost of t6e solid +atter settles do4n in t6e inlet c6a+.er=. T6e inlet c6a+.er s6ould gravitate to4ards t6e sludge 9i9e as Duic*l0 as 9ossi.le. T6e .ed slo9e of t6e inlet c6a+.er s6ould .e 1 in 1, to 1 in 25. /nlet and outlet E- ot6 inlet and outlet 9i9es are .ent do4n al+ost u9to t6e +id de9t6 of t6e tan* at 46ic6 level t6e inlet 9i9e disc6arges t6e ra4 se4age and t6e outlet 9i9e dra4s t6e treated se4age. 'uc6 arrange+ent of inlet and outlet 9i9es is +ade so t6at t6e scu+ at t6e surface and t6e sludge at t6e .otto+ are t6e least distur.ed. T6e centre of t6e outlet 9i9e s6ould .e *e9t 15 c+. .elo4 t6e inlet 9i9e. Inlet and outlet 9i9es s6ould .e standard 8T8 fittings of glaBed eart6en4are 9i9es. ?6en t6e 4idt6 of t6e tan* is +ore t6an. 1.5 +etres@ t6ere s6ould .e t4o inlets.
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<a=

<.=

<c=

<d= <e=

<f=

1(.1.(.2

Outlet 9i9e +a0 .e straig6t 46en a scu+ .oard is 9rovided. 1(.1.(.5 Baffle *alls E- affle 4all is *e9t at 1N5t6 of t6e lengt6 of t6e tan* fro+ t6e inlet@ and s6ould .e 2/++. t6ic*. It s6ould .e carried 15 c+ a.ove t6e surface. affle 4alls +a0 .e of concrete or stone sla.s. )ree board E->or collection of scu+ and t6e gases co+ing out@ a free .oard of a.out O.-+ to O.(+ s6ould .e allo4ed .et4een t6e >.'.". and t6e to9 of t6e se9tic tank. .over E-Ever0 se9tic tan* is 9rovided 4it6 a cover of adeDuate strengt6. An air tig6t +an6ole cover of Cast Iron s6ould .e 9rovided. T6e siBe of t6e cover is generall0 5/ c+ dia. 'ee9age 9its and dis9ersion c6annels are used to soa* t6e effluent of se9tic tan*s. 'ee9age 9it is reco++ended 46en <1= T6e under ground 4ater ta.le is lo4 <.= "and is restricted and does not 9er+it a net 4or* of dis9ersion trenc6es and <c= a 9orous la0er underlies an i+9ervious la0er at t6e to9. Care s6all .e ta*en to avoid extending t6e see9age 9it into t6e ground 4ater ta.le. #is9ersion trenc6es are not reco++ended in areas 46ere fi.rous roots of trees or vegetation are li*el0 to 9enetrate t6e s0ste+ and cause .loc*ages and s6all .e used 46ere sufficient area is availa.le. T6ese s6ould not .e used in !r.an localities. Seepa&e Pits E- T6e see9age 9it s6all .e constructed at least 15 +etre1l a4a0 fro+ t6e .uilding and at least -/ +etres a4a0 fro+ 4ell or an0 source of 4ater su99l0. It consists of a circular c6a+.er .uilt .elo4 t6e ground level@ t6e siBe of t6e 9it de9ending u9on t6e a.sor9tive ca9acit0 of t6e soil and t6e nu+.er of 9ersons using t6e drainage s0ste+. >or siBe of see9age 9it a.sor9tive areaN9er user or a.sor9tion soils is 2.25 sD. +. for +ediu+ a.sor9tion soils and is -.( sD. +. for slo4 a.sor9tion

1(.1.(.(

1(.1.(.)

1+.$

'ee9age 9it and #is9ersion Trenc6E

1(.2.1

1(.2.1.1

1(.2.1.2

1(.2.2

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soils. A.sor9tive area of a see9age 9it is t6e area of .otto+ 9lus area of 4alls 4it6 o9en Coints. T6e follo4ing ta.le gives t6e a.sor9tive 9o4er of soils. &elative a.sor9tion T09e of 'oil A99rox. range of loading rates in litre N 'D. +. 9er da0. 12/ 12/ to )/ )/ to -2 -2 to 2elo4 2-

&a9id a.sor9tion %ediu+ a.sor9tion 'lo4 a.sor9tion 'e+i I+9ervious I+9ervious

Coarse 'and@ $ravel >ine 'and@ 'and0 "oa+ Cla0 4it6 sand or loa+ #ense cla0 &oc*

T6e 'ee9age 9its +a0 .e eit6er o9en Coints 4all and roof or 4it6out 4alls t6is is 9articularl0 suita.le near trees.

(2-

(22

ERRATA 3age No. 2 ( ) 3ara 1.2.2.( -rd >ro+ .otto+ 2.1.2.1 2t6 line Ta.le II@ ite+ 5t6 3rinted as se9aratel0 recei9tion 7an*ar for coarse aggregate fine aggregate e.g. 'and@ 'ur*6i@ Cinders. As6ler &aofing cause I.'. 15(1-15(2 #i+ensions >lats T6. s9ecification e+lo0ed '4an $rades s6 all de &oug6c ast conta in +easuring ign tion Aggrcgate 2// Q /.1/ 15/ Q 2 +uc6 9rescnce Vegata.le continiousl0 continiousl0 g6a9ter
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&ead as se9aratel0 rece9tion 7an*ar for coarse aggregate >ine aggregate e.g. sand@ sur*6i@ cinders As6lar &oofing cause I.'. 5(1-15(2 #i+ensions >lats T6e s9ecification e+9lo0ed sa4n $rades s6all .e &oug6 cast contain +easuring ignition Aggregate 2.//Q/.1/ 1/5-2 suc6 9resence Vegeta.le continuousl0 continuousl0 C6a9ter

Ta.le II@ ite+ (t6

, 5 12 12 15 15 15 15 2/ 22--5 -5 -( 2/ 2/ 55 55 (2 (2 (( )/ )/ )/

2.2.2 1st line 2.2.). 2nd line 2.-.2.-.1.2. -rd line Ta.le I.'. No. 2 2.2.2. 2.2.2.1. 2nd line fro+ .otto+ 2.2.2.2 1st line 2.2.5.1. 2t6 line 2.5.(.2 1st line 2.5.A.2.5.A.(.2. 2nd "ine 2.).-.1 1st "ine Note 2 <iii= 1st line Note 2 <iii= 1st line 2.,.).2. 2nd line Ta.le I@ col. 2.1/.2. 2nd line Col. (t6@ ro4 )t6 Col. -rd@ ro4 ,t6 2.12.2.1 <d= <a= diste+9ers E- line 2t6 <d= line -rd -rd line <.= 2t6 fro+ .otto+ -.1.(.1. -rd line

))2 )2 )2 )2 )2 ), ), ), ,,5 ,5 ,5 ,5 55 1// 1/1 1/2 1/2 1/5 11/ 12/ 122 1-2 1-) 1-) 121 121 121 125 125 125 12)

-.2.2.1. 5t6 line 2.1.-. 2.1.-.1. 2nd line <.= line 2t6 <d= line 2nd <e= line 2nd 2.1.1/.1. 2t6 line 2.1.11.1. 2nd line 2.1.12.1 <.= line 1st 2.-.5.1 <a= line 2t6 fro+ .otto+. 2.2.2.1. 2nd line 2.2.-.1 2nd line 2.2.5.1 1st line 2.2.5.1 5t6 line 5.2.2.2.- 1st line Ta.le III col. -rd@ line 1st 1st line 5.2.).1. 5t6 line 5.2.,.1. (t6 line 5.-.1/.( 1st line 5.-.1-. 2t6 line (.2.2.2.1. <a= 1st line (.2.5.2.1 <c= <i= 2t6 line (.2.1.5.1 (t6 line (.5.2. 1st line (.5.5.1 2t6 line A--.1. 2nd line A--.1. 9ara 2nd@ line 1st A--.1 9ara 2nd@ line 5t6 (.).2.2.1. <c= <i= last line (.).2.5. line 2nd (.).2.5.1. line 2nd (.).2.5.1 line 1st

9o4der fro+ te+inolg0 definations ts refered refered continous evo9aration 6ands surfare confoa+ off airl0 fcoarse s9eeified incersed ee+ent $enerall0 12 a.scence inal intitial root concrceting in Ex9lantor0 intersties (.5.2. 9iller 4alls s6all 4it6 nnder verticle Ex9lanatar0 %easun+ent %asoni0 neatlr
(2(

9o4der for+ ter+inolog0 definitions is referred referred continuous eva9ortation .ands surface confor+ of fairl0 coarse s9ecified increased ce+ent $enerall0 1E2 a.sence final initial roof concreting in Ex9lanator0 interstices (.5.2.1 9illar 4alls 4it6 under vertical Ex9lanator0 %easure+ent %asonr0 neatl0

12, 15/ 151 152 152 152 152 15) 155 1(/ 1(2 1)1 1)1 1)( 1)) 1)5 1,2 1,1,2 1,5 151 152 152 15) 2/2/( 2/5 212 212 21( 21) 21) 221 222

(.,.,.1. 2nd line <i= 1st line (.5.,.5. 2t6 line (.1/.2.2. last line (t6 line (.1/.2.(. 1st line (.1/.2.( 1st line (.1/.5.1.1st line ).1.2.-. 9ara 2nd@ line )t6 ).1.5.1. line 1st <f= <ix= line 1st ).2.2.1. line 1st ,.1.(.5.2. 1st line ,.2.(.). 2nd fro+ .otto+ ,.2.(.15. 1st line 2t6 line <ii= last line <.= last line ,.-.1.2.(. <c= last line ,.-.1.5.2 <c= last line ,.-.-.2.-. 2t6 line ,.-.-.5.5. 1st line Colu+n 2t6@ line -rd 5.1.2.5.- 2nd line 5.2.(.1. 9ara 2nd@ line 2t6 5.-.(.2. last line 5.2.1.1. 2nd line 5.5.2. <f= 2t6 line 5.).-. 9ara 2nd@ line 1st 1eading 1st line 1/.1.). 1/.-.5.1. <.= <ii= 1st line 1/.2.5.2. line 1st

se9aratel0 center staggerred tringular a.ovc af 4sndo4 ventilat or* ventilat ors louvered Ti+.cr da+ged s6alr iside 6sall 1/ *g. c+2 sce ,.-.1.,. ,.-.15( contovr clearl0 Dual-fied +ultilaver 2.1, neares ridge 46een centring e+.eged siBe s6all ase for floors re+eved "i0ing 9rovid flago
(2)

se9aratel0 centre staggared triangular a.ove of 4indo4 ventilator ventilators louvred Ti+.er da+aged s6all out side s6all 1/*gNc+2 see ,.-.1-,.-.1-( contour clearl0 Dualified +ultila0er 2., nearest ridge 46ic6 centering e+.eded siBe s9ecified s6all 1/.1 ase for floors re+oved "a0ing 9rovide flags

22, 225 2-2 2-, 22/ 255 255 25) 2(, 2(5 2)/ 2)1 2)2)2)2 2)5 -/1 -12 -1-2) -2) -2) -5-(2 -5-5-5-5-52 -55 -5, -55 -55

1/.5.(.2. <a= line 1st 1/.5.).5. -rd line 1/.(.5.2.1. line -rd 1/.).2.1. <a= 2nd line 1/.,.). line 1st 11.-.).1. 9ara 2nd@ line -rd 11.-.,.1. 2nd line 11.2.-.1.2. 9ara 2nd@line 2nd 11.(.2.-. <.= -rd line <e= line 2nd 11.(.5.1. 2nd line 11.).2.1. 2nd fro+ .otto+ 12.1.2.2. 2t6 line 12.1.2.5. 2nd line 12.1.2.1. 2nd line 12.1.5.5.5.2 last line <xiv= 9ara 2nd@ line 1st 12.,.2.1. 9ara 2nd <ii= 12.,.(.1. line 2nd 12.15.). 2nd line 12.15.).1. last line 12.15.5.1. 2nd line 1-.2.1.1. 1st line 1-.5.1.- <a= 1st line 12.,.5.1. -rd line 12.,.5.2. last line 12.,.5.2. last line 12.,.5.-. line -rd 12.,.5.-. line 2t6 line 2nd line 2nd 12.5.2.1.). -rd line line -rd

con for+ing stoue "ig6er "a9in $arnolit6ic +anufacturer scafiolding co+letel0 +ost t6ereafer s9eriting froof 12.1.5@ 12.1.(. : 12.1.). 12.1.5@ 12.1.1/ : 12.1.11 stoness 12.1., aud -.5-2++orise 12.15.1 12.15.2 .//(cuN+NsD.+. 6all 1// ++. dia 12.,.1. 12.,.2. 12.,.1. 12.,.2. 12.,.-. : 12.,.2. all aladdle+oved 12.5.1. 1.25.2.1.
(2,

confor+ing stone 6ig6er in $ranolit6ic +anufacturer scaffolding co+9letel0 +oist t6ereafter s9iriting 9roof 12.1-5@ 12.1-( : 12.1-) 12.1-5@ 12.1-1/ : 12.1-11 stones 12.1-, and /.5-2++ortise 12.15-1 12.15-2 .//(cu+NsD.+. s6all 1// ++. dia. 12.,-1 12.,-2 12.,-1 12.,-2 12.,-- : 12.,-2 s6all a laddle +oved 12.5-1 1.2.5.2.1.

-55 2-1 225 2() 2)2 2)5 2,/ 2,) 251 25) 25) 25) 25) 255 255

12.5.2.2. 5t6 line 12.5.2.2. last line 1.2.2.2 line -rd <c= line -rd ).2.11.-.1. <a= <i= line 2t6 >olio No. ta.le colu+n -rd ro4 1st <c= line (t6 Colu+n 1@ ite+ ) line 2nd 5.2.2. <iii= line 2t6 12.1.1. last line 12.1.1.1. last line 12.1.1.2. last line 12.1.1.-. last line 12.1.1.2. last line

12.5.2. : 12.5.-. 9air9 -5Co to 25Co to9ered -)2 Note +or stic*s excluding 1,oc <(5o>= 12-1-1 12-1-2 12-1-2 12-1-given on .elo4 9re+ise

12.5-2 : 12.5-dried -5oC to 25oC ta9ered 2)2 Not +ore strea*s excluding 1,oC <(5o>= 12.1-1 12.1-2 12.1-2 12.1-given .elo4 9re+ises

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