THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CVEN 2302 MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FINAL EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2012

Time Allowed - 3 Hours

All Questions to be answered ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-3 IN ONE BOOKLET ANNSWER QUESTIONS 4-6 IN A SEPARATE BOOKLET Questions are NOT of equal value Closed Book Examination This paper may be retained by the candidate Electronic calculators and drawing instruments may be used All answers to be legibly written in ink Pencil may be used for drawings, sketches and graphs.

SECTION A

STRUCTURES

Answer this Section in a separate booklet QUESTION 1 (22 Marks) The beam supports a nominal uniformly distributed dead load of 20 kN/m, and a point nominal live load of 50 kN as shown in Figure 1. (i) Calculate the design loads on this beam for Serviceability limit states (short-term and long-term). (ii) Calculate the design loads on this beam for Strength limit state. (iii) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams of the beam for the strength limit state. 50 kN 20 kN/m

A 6m

B 12 m Figure 1

C 6m

QUESTION 2 (22 Marks) For the truss structure given in Figure 2, all structure members have a square cross-sectional area. (i) Calculate the forces in each of the truss members and state if the members are in tension or compression. (ii) Design the minimum dimensions for the square cross-sectional area of all tension members if the materials of them are Grade 300 steel. (Grade 300 steel: fy = 320 MPa, fu=440 MPa) Note: All members are pin connected at their ends and the diameter of all holes is 20 mm. Ignore the members self-weight.

100 kN

150 kN

C 450 A

450 450

450

B 2m 1m

Figure 2 QUESTION 3 (22 Marks) The floor shown in Figure 3 with an overall depth of 200 mm (reinforced concrete slab) is to be designed to carry an imposed load of 4 kPa. Assume that all the beam weights are 50 kN/m. The unit weight of reinforced concrete is 25 kN/m3. (Note: Generally strength limit state is used to calculate design actions and beams are on the same level unless otherwise specified) (i) (ii) (iii) Draw the tributary areas for beams B1-B2 and B1-C1. Calculate the design loads acting on beams B1-B2 and B1-C1. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams B1-B2 and B1-C1. 3

4m

4m

1 4m A B 4m Figure 3 C

SECTION B

MATERIALS

Answer this Section in a separate booklet

QUESTION 4 (18 Marks) (a) List the main recognised constituents of Type GP cement. List the hydrates resulting from the hydration of each of these constituents. (6 marks) Discuss the role of the CSH in concrete hardening (strength and capillary porosity). (4 marks) Excess of water in the concrete mix, what consequences on concrete (fresh and hardened)? (4 marks) Question about aggregate: explain what is a grading curve. What is it for? (4 marks)

(b)

(c)

(d)

QUESTION 5 (8 Marks) (a) Explain why using mineral admixtures (such as fly ash or slag), to replace a part of the Clinker in cement, is of a great interest regarding sustainability. (4 marks) You are the concrete mix designer of a massive dam. The concrete will be cast in the middle of summer in the Australian outback. What type of cement and what type of chemical admixture would you used in the concrete mix? Justify your answer. (4 marks)

(b)

QUESTION 6 (8 Marks) (a) Explain why concrete carbonation leads to steel reinforcement corrosion. (4 marks) Why corroding steel bars can lead to concrete cracking? What are the consequences of steel corrosion on structural performance? (4 marks)

(b)