DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MECHANICS INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AM 2200: Strength of Mater a!" T#tor a! $ % $ So!

#t on" &To' (:Pre""#re )e""e!"* Class: II/3 B. Tech Branch: Mechanical, Naval Arch.

+,If a helical tension spring consisting of 16 lie coils of 6!"ia eter# steel $ire an" of 3%o&tsi"e "ia eter is attache" to the en" of another helical tension spring of 1' live coils of '!"ia eter# steel $ire an" of (%o&tsi"e "ia eter, $hat is the spring constant for this t$o-spring s)ste * +hat is the largest force that a) ,e applie" to these springs $itho&t e-cee"ing a shear stress of ('% M.a* /0'1/.a. So!:2or a closel) coile" helical spring, spring constant is specifie" as: 30 Gd 4 3 64 r N $here, " is "ia eter

r is "istance fro spring a-is to the centroi" of the ro"s C4 N is no. of live coils k = 60058.69N / m, k = 71180.56N /m 4o for the given springs, 1 2 In the given set&p the) are connecte" in series. 4o spring constant is given ,): k k k = 1 2 =32574.18N / m k 1+k 2 16F r d ( +1 ) . 4o largest force 2 that a) ,e applie" to these 3 4 r d springs $itho&t e-cee"ing a shear stress of ('% Mpa 0 13.565 3N ! in of the 1 2 val&es fro 1 springs# Ma-i & shear max= 2,An allo)-steel c)lin"er has a 1%%inner "ia eter an" a (%%o&ter "ia eter. If it is s&,6ecte" to an internal press&re of p i011%M.a !po0%#, !a# 7eter ine the ra"ial an" tangential stress "istri,&tion an" sho$ the res&lt on a plot. !,# 7eter ine the a-i & shear stress. !c# 7eter ine the changes in e-ternal an" internal "ia eters. 801%% /.a an" 0%.15. So!: !a#2or thic3 c)lin"ers the stress are given ,): 2 2 2 C2 C2 Pi r 2 ( P i Po ) r 1 ro i Por o r=C 1 2 , t=C 1+ 2 where C 1= , C2= 2 2 2 2 r r r o r i r or i 1.6 1.6 MPa , t =40 + 2 MPa 2 r r t r Maximum Shear = at theinner boundary !,# 2 max=160 MPa t r r !c# t= = E r Change in internal "ia eter 0 %.13e-ternal "ia eter 0 %.16here, r= 40

9ariation of the stresses is as sho$n in this fig&re:

-,7esign a thic3-$alle" c)lin"er of a 1%-c internal "ia eter for an internal press&re of 5%M.a s&ch as to provi"e a factor of safet) of 1 against an) )iel"ing in the c)lin"er. The )iel" stress for steel in tension is 15%M.a. So!::et the o&ter ra"i&s ,e r 0 mm 2 C2 Pi r 2 Pi r 2 i 1 ro = C + where C = , C = ;oop stress t 1 1 2 2 2 r2 r2 r2 o r i o r i ;oop stress a-i & at r = r i=100mm 1002+ r 2 o 2or the given case, t=50MPa 2 r o1002 2 2 As 2<4 01, t2 =250MPa 100 2+r 2 o = 5r o 5100 r o = 122.5mm .,A copper allo) $ire is stretche" ta&t across the "ia eter of a c)lin"rical press&re 1 vessel, as sho$n in the fig&re. 2or the $ire:A0%.%6% , 801(%/.a, an" 01'=1%-6/%C. The "ia eter of the steel press&re vessel is 1%%% an" the $all thic3ness is 1% . !In calc&lations, "o not "ifferentiate ,et$een the insi"e an" ean "ia eters of the c)lin"er#. 2or steel, let 801%%/.a, 0 11=1%-6/%C, an" 0%.3%. If this vessel is press&ri>e" to 1 M.a an", at the sa e ti e, the te perat&re "rops 5% %C, $hat stress $o&l" "evelop in the $ire* Ass& e that the te perat&re of the $ire as $ell as that of the c)lin"er si &ltaneo&sl) ,eco es lo$er an" that the "efor ation of the c)lin"er ca&se" ,) the p&ll of the $ire can ,e neglecte".

So!: Ass& ing that the effect of $ire on the c)lin"er is negligi,le, d = mech+thermal Pr Pr d t z 2or the c)lin"er, $here t= , z= t 2t I= 50 steel E steel d

 d =mech + thermal 2or the $ire, d = wire 50 copper I d Ecopper 8?&ating ,oth $e get wire=101.5MPa

/,A c)lin"rical press&re vessel sho$n in the fig&re is a"e ,) shrin3ing a ,rass t&,e over il" steel t&,e. Both c)lin"ers have a $all thic3ness of 5. The no inal "ia eter of the vessel is 5%-c in an" is to ,e &se" in all calc&lations involving the "ia eter. +hen the ,rass c)lin"er is heate" 6% %C a,ove roo te perat&re, it e-actl) fits over the steel c)lin"er, $hich is at roo te perat&re . +hat is the stress in the ,rass c)lin"er $hen the co posite vessel cools "o$n to roo te perat&re. 2or Brass: 801%% /.a, 0 1%=1%-6/%C 2or 4teel: 801%% /.a, 0 11=1%-6/%C

So!: As the ,rass t&,e shrin3s on the steel t&,e, the ,rass t&,e e-periences o&t$ar" press&re on inner ,o&n"ar) an" steel t&,e e-periences in$ar" press&re on the o&ter ,o&n"ar). As a res&lt the hoop@s stress in ,rass t&,e is tensile $hile that in steel is co pressive. d = mech +thermal 2or ,rass t&,e, d = Pr 60 brass d I t E brass d=mech + thermal d Pr 2or steel t&,e, I= d t E steel 8?&ating ,oth $e get

P=1.6MPa hoop stress in ,rass c)lin"er t=80MPa