Elementary 2D Ideal Flows

Elementary Ideal Flows

All functions of the form W(z)=Azn where
A is a complex constant, say a+ib or cei n is an integer

z plane

iy

Why?

Now dW/dz=Anzn-1 so,

for n>0 these are analytic (and also not too useful) for n<0 these are analytic everywhere except the origin at the origin then these flows wont be solutions to Laplace and velocities here will be
SINGULARITY?

a+ib or cei

1. Uniform Flow (n=0)

W(z)=Azn

W ( z ) = u iv = A = const. i.e. flow with constant velocity

| A |= c = u 2 + v 2 = magnitude of velocity, say V arg( A) = = arctan(v / u ) = - angle of velocity, say -

Uniform flow of V at angle to the x axis is given by W(z)=V e-i F(z)= V ze-i Gives = =
z plane iy

V
x

2. Source or Sink Flow (n=-1, A=real=a)

a+ib or cei

W(z)=Azn

a a i a a i so vr iv = W ( z )e = so vr = v = 0 W ( z) = = e r z r r F ( z ) = a log e z = a log e re i = a log e r + ai so = a log e r = a

Source flow producing volume flowrate q at origin

q W ( z) = 2z q F ( z) = log e z 2

z plane

at a general point z1
W ( z) = q 2 ( z z1 ) F ( z) = q log e ( z z1 ) 2
Singularity

or

3. Point Vortex Flow (n=-1, A=imag.=ib)

a+ib or cei

W(z)=Azn

ib ib i ib b i W ( z) = = e so vr iv = W ( z )e = so vr = 0 v = z r r r F ( z ) = ib log e z = ib log e re i = ib log e r b so = b = b log e r

Vortex producing circulation at origin

i W ( z) = 2z
W ( z) =

z plane

i F ( z) = log e z 2
F ( z) = i log e ( z z1 ) 2
Singularity or

at a general point z1
i 2 ( z z1 )

A W ( z) = 2 z

W(z)=Az A cei c or F ( z ) = = = rotated by z z z cz cy c For = 0 = Im = Im 2 = 2 = const. on streamlines 2 z | z | x + y

n

4. Doublet (n=-2)

a+ib or cei

so

x 2 + y 2 = c1 y or

x 2 + ( y c1 / 2) 2 = (c1 / 2) 2 i.e. streamlines are

z plane z plane

Doublet strength , aligned with the x axis, positioned at the origin = W ( z) = F ( z ) 2z 2 2z aligned at angle to the x axis at a general point z1 ei W ( z) = 2 ( z z1 ) 2
F ( z) =

ei
2 ( z z1 )

Singularity

Singularity

=c/2 by analogy with other flows

Summary / Crib
1. 2. Uniform flow of V at angle to the x axis Source at z1 flow producing volume flowrate q Vortex at z1 producing circulation Doublet at z1 strength aligned at angle to the x axis Flow of velocity V at angle past a circular cylinder of radius a at z1 with circulation

W ( z ) = V e i
W ( z) = q 2 ( z z1 )
i 2 ( z z1 )

F ( z ) = V ze i
F ( z) = q log e ( z z1 ) 2
i log e ( z z1 ) 2

3. 4.

W ( z) =

F ( z) =

W ( z) =

ei
2 ( z z1 )
2

F ( z) =

ei
2 ( z z1 )

5.