Prentice Hall

EARTH SCIENCE

Tarbuck

Lutgens

Chapter

Earths Resources

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades. Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form and accumulate.

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

$oss#l $uels
$oss#l %uels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas. - Burning coal creates air pollution! The sulfur that is in coal gets into the atmosphere and can cause acid precipitation.

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

Tar Sands and &#l Shale
Fuels derived from tar sand and oils shales could become good substitutes for dwindling petroleum supplies.

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

Tar Sands and &#l Shale
Fuels derived from tar sand and oils shales could become good substitutes for dwindling petroleum supplies.

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

Tar Sands
Obtaining oil from tar sand has significant environmental drawbacks. auses substantial land disturbance !e"uires large amounts of water ontaminated water and sediment accumulate in to#ic disposal ponds

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

&#l Shale
Oil shale is a rock that contains a wa#y mi#ture of hydro-cabons called kerogen. $erogen can be processed % refined to make oil. &nfortunately, the process is very e#pensive and time consuming.

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

$or'at#on o% "#neral (epos#ts
'ome of the most important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and from hydrothermal solutions.
( &re is a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit.

"#neral)R#ch Hot *ater Seeps #nto Rock $ractures

"#neral)R#ch Hot *ater Seeps #nto Rock $ractures

4.

Energ! and "#neral Resources

Non'etall#c "#neral Resources
)onmetallic mineral resources are e#tracted and processed either for the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and chemical properties.

+ses o% Non'etall#c "#nerals

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

Solar Energ!
'olar energy has two advantages.
*. 'olar energy+s ,fuel- is free. /. 'olar energy is non-polluting.

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

Solar Energ!
'olar energy also has some drawbacks.
*. )ecessary e"uipment and installation is e#pensive. /. loudy day, during 0inter, % at night there is very little solar energy.

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

*. )ecessary e"uipment and installation is e#pensive.

'olar panels in 'helby, )

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

Nuclear Energ!
1n nuclear fission, the nuclei of heavy atoms such as uranium-/23 are bombarded with neutrons. The uranium nuclei split into smaller nuclei and emit neutrons and heat energy.

(#ablo Can!on Nuclear -lant

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

*#nd Energ!
1n the ne#t 34 to 54 years, wind power could meet between 3 to *4 percent of the country+s demand for electricity. 0hat are some difficulties that we run into when it comes to wind energy6

*#nd Turb#nes

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

H!droelectr#c -ower
H!droelectr#c power is the power generated by falling water. The water held in a reservoir behind a dam is a form of stored energy that can be released through the dam to produce electric power. The strong water flow that results drives turbines and electric generators.

.len Can!on (a'

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

.eother'al Energ!
.eother'al energ! is harnessed by tapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water. 7ot water is used directly for heating and to turn turbines that generate electric power.

The .e!sers Is the *orlds Largest Electr#cal .eother'al $ac#l#t!

4., Alternate Energ! Sources

T#dal -ower
Tidal power is harnessed by constructing a dam across the mouth of a bay or an estuary in coastal areas. The strong in-and-out flow of tidal water drives turbines and electric generators.

T#dal (a's

4./ *ater0 A#r0 and Land Resources

The *ater -lanet
8ach day, people use fresh water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and growing food.

4./ *ater0 A#r0 and Land Resources

The *ater -lanet
Freshwater 9ollution
-o#nt source pollut#on comes from a known and specific location, such as factory pipes. Nonpo#nt source pollut#on is pollution that does not have a specific point of origin. Runo%% is the water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground, often carrying nonpoint source pollution.

"a1or T!pes o% *ater -ollut#on

"a1or T!pes o% *ater -ollut#on

4./ *ater0 A#r0 and Land Resources

Earths 2lanket o% A#r
The chemical composition of the atmosphere helps maintain life on 8arth. 9ollution in the <ir
The increase of carbon dio#ide in the atmosphere has altered the carbon cycle and contributed to global war'#ng:the unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere. Through a series of chemical reactions, these pollutants in the air are converted into acids that are a ma;or cause of acid precipitation.

"a1or -r#'ar! -ollutants and The#r Sources

4./ *ater0 A#r0 and Land Resources

Land Resources
8arth+s land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources =amage to >and !esources
?ines produce many mineral resources, but mines are destroying, soil, vegetation, and 8arth+s contours. ?ines also cause soil erosion and pollution that contaminates soil and water and destroys ecosystems.

Sur%ace "#n#ng (estro!s Earths Sur%ace

4.4 -rotect#ng Resources

3eep#ng *ater Clean and Sa%e
Conser4at#on is the careful use of resources. 9ollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.

4.4 -rotect#ng Resources

3eep#ng *ater Clean and Sa%e
'tarting in the *@A4+s, the federal government passed several laws to prevent or decrease pollution and protect resources.
1n *@A/, the lean 0ater <ct B 0<C re"uired industries to reduce or eliminate point source pollution into surface waters. The 'afe =rinking 0ater <ct of *@AD helped protect drinking resources.

-re4ent#ng *ater -ollut#on

4.4 -rotect#ng Resources

-rotect#ng the A#r
1n the *@A4+s, ongress passed the lean <ir <ct, the nation+s most important air pollution law.
)ational <mbient <ir Euality 'tandards B)<<E'C established for si# ,criteria- pollutants known to cause health problems F carbon mono#ide, oGone, lead, sulfur dio#ide, nitrogen o#ides and particulates Bfine particlesC.

Sa4#ng Energ!

4.4 -rotect#ng Resources

Car#ng %or Land Resources
9rotecting land resources involves preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely.
Co'post is partly decomposed organic material that can be used as fertiliGer. Rec!cl#ng is the collecting and processing of used items so that they can be made into new products.