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PHILISOPHY OF ZAKAT
PRESENTED TO: PROF. AZMAT NAFEES
PRESENTED BY: IZZA FARMAN SEC:N

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Introduction Nisab Rate of zakat Distribution of zakat Regulations concerning the zakat Importance of zakat Economics benefits Sociological benefits Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION:
Zakat is an Arabic word that comes from zakawa which means increases or purification It is religious dut! upon a "uslim to pa! from his or her propert! to the poor or in a good cause if he has more than what he needs for himself and for his dependents #he $ol! %rophet himself described zakat as wealth which is taken from the rich for the poor Zakat also called poor rate or poor ta& is reall! welfare ta& It is the backbone of the economic s!stem of Islam Its aim to impro'e the condition of poor and gi'e them economic securit! and to pre'ent the accumulation wealth in few hands Zakat is a blessing for the gi'er and a blessing for them recei'er and it increases the wealth of the nation

NISAB:
A "uslim has to pa! zakat annuall! on propert! which has remained in his possession for one full one !ear when its 'alue reaches a certain amount or limit #he minimum on which zakat is pa!able is called (NISA)* #he pa!ment of zakat is compulsor! on e'er! adult+ free "uslim who owns propert! to the e&tent of the prescribed rate called nisab+pro'ided such propert! has remained in his ownership and possession uninterruptedl! for full one !ear

RATE OF ZAKAT:
#he amount of pa!ment and distribution of zakat was defined at "edina in the second !ear of the $i,rat Zakat is pa!able not onl! on cash but also on

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gold+si'er+,eweller!+animals+minerals+treasure+agriculture lands and all kind of commercial goods

1) CASH:
Rupee - .. onl! on each sum of rupees /. .. 0i e + 1 or 2 3 45 on reaching the annual sa'ing e6ui'alent to the current cost of at least 7 3 tola or 87 27229 grams gold

2)

SILVER:
- tola+ : masha and 9 ratti on at least 92 -;2 tolas and abo'e or -;/. of at least <-2 :< grams and abo'e pa!able in kind or e6ui'alent cash

3) GOLD:
2 masha and 2 ratti on at least 7 3 tolas and abo'e or -;/. of at least 87 27229 grams and abo'e pa!able in kind or e6ui'alent cash In case of mone!+ gold and sil'er the owner has to pa! zakat if the! were in his possession for one full !ear whether the! were kept at homes or in the bank.

4) FARM PROD CE:

-;-. of the total production not less than =/8 >gs of wheat or its e6ui'alent in 'alue in the case of other crops is liable to usher
!.

LAND PRODCTION:

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-;-.+ -.4 of each production from land watered b! rain or o'erflow of ri'er where in no cost is in'ol'ed ii -;2.+ 94 of each production from a land irrigated b! means of a well+ tubewell+ or canal water ?hen special are made or machine is used+ where in cost is to be paid b! the producer #he zakat of the crop is to be paid at the time of har'est It is imposed on wheat+ barle!+ rice lentils+ beans+ peas+ chick peas+ dates+ raisins+ oli'es and the like Zakat should be paid on fruits and 'egetables also+

") HIDDEN TREAS RE OR MINES:

"ines of gold+ sil'er+ copper+ iron or treasure is found from a personal or free land -;9+ 2.4 known as >hams is to be surrendered to baitulmal 0 Islamic go'ernment treasur! 5 immediatel! after its disco'er! and not after one full !ear Zakat is also on precious stone which ha'e resale 'alue 2 34

#) ZA$AT ON CATTLE:
@n those animals which multipl! with fast speed.
i. SHEEPS:

@ne goat or sheep out of group of /.A-2. from -2-A2.. two goats which ha'e fed for greater part of the !ear upon pasture and not upon those are fed in the home with forage Ber! hard to get food for animals

!!.

COWS OR BUFFALOES:

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@ne !ear old cow upon :.A:= but /. to 9= one full grown cow or buffalo
iii. CAMELS:

Zakat is not due upon less than 9 camels Cpon 9 camels it is one goat or sheep+ from 9 to 2/ one sheep for e'er! fi'e 29 to :9 one !ear old she camel :< to /9 a two !ears old she camel @ne she camel two !ears old out of e'er! /. camels No zakat is pa!able on working animals
iv. HORSES:

?hen horses and mares are kept together feeding for the greater part of the !ear on pasture it is option of the proprietor to gi'e a zakat of one dinar per head or e6ui'alent of one dinar in case of other currenc!+ for the whole or gi'e zakat 94 upon the total 'alue #here is no zakat due on horses unless the! are fi'e and articles of merchandise nor is due upon war horses or upon beasts of burden or upon cattle kept for drawing ploughs
7)

MERCHANDISE:

Articles that are purchased for resale or rent are referred to as merchandise #he nisab for zakat on merchandise is the same as that for cash+ gold or sil'er Zakat will be onl! on that part of the commodit! or propert! which remained for one full !ear with its owner who kept it for business Articles of merchandise should be appraised and a zakat of 2 34 upon the 'alue D profit

#here is no zakat on an! number of li'ing 6uarters+ household+ furniture+ crocker!+ personal clothing whether the! are in use or not $owe'er Islam does not ,ustif! e&tra'agance

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Zakat can be gi'en into gold+ sil'er+ mone! and animals or con'ert all these into mone! 'alue and then ta&

#here is no zakat on car which is in personal use but when car;cars is ;are used for business then 2 34 should be paid

DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAT:
#he hol! Euran tell us how the zakat mone! is to be distributed It sa!sF &A'() a*+ ,-* t.+ /--* a01 t.+ 0++12 a01 t.+)+ +(/'-2+1 t- a1(!0!)t+* t.+ 3,401))5,-* t.-)+ 6.-)+ .+a*t) .a7+ 8++0 *+9-09!'+1 :,-* t.-)+ !0 8-01a:+ a01 !0 1+8t5 !0 t.+ 9a4)+ -, ALLAH 5a01 ,-* t.+ 6a2,a*+*..; #he zakat can be gi'en toF %eople who are poor and do not possess wealth e6ual to nisab %eople who are e&tremel! need! to the e&tent that the! are forced to beg for their dail! food #hose people who are appointed b! an Islamic head of state or go'ernment to collect zakat It is not necessar! that the! be need! persons #hose people who ha'e recentl! accepted Islam and are in need of basic necessities of life

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Sla'es who work for remuneration and who ha'e an agreement with their masters to purchase their freedom on pa!ment on fi&ed amount %eople in debt who do not possess wealth with which to repa! loans It is conditional that the debt is not due to an! unAIslamic purpose #hose people who has to fulfil an obligation+ butare unable to do due to po'ert! #hose tra'ellers who ma!be well to do at home+ but during their ,ourne! do not possess basic necessities+ can be gi'en zakat in order to fulfil their tra'el needs and to return home It is unlawful to gi'e zakat to the descendants of the $ol! %rophet+ to oneGs parents or to oneGs children It cannot be gi'en to nonA "uslims neither can it be gi'en to a person as remuneration for ser'ices

REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE ZAKAT:

It is essential that zakat should be gi'en out of the law full earning onl! Zakat should be gi'en in the name of Allah alone #he gi'er should not e&pect or demand an! gains out of tit e'en indirectl! #he gi'er should not tr! to show off or degrade the recei'er $e should speak politel! to the destitute #he pa!ment should be made cheerfull!+ courteousl! and with regard of his sense of dignit! According to the $ol! EuranF &O. 2-4 6.- 8+'!+7+ 1- 0-t *+01+* 2-4* 9.a*!t2 6-*t.'+)) 82 *+/*-a9. -* !0=4*2.;

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@ne should gi'e the thing to charit! one can afford &O 2-4 6.- .a7+ 8+'!+7+1 :!7+ -, t.+ :--1 t.!0:) 6.!9. 2-4 .a7+ +a*0+1 a01 -, 6.at 6+ .a7+ 8*-4:.t ,-* 2-4 ,*-( t.+ +a*t. a01 1- 0-t 9.--)+ ,-* 9.a*!t2 t.+ 8a1 ?4a'!t2 6.!9. 2-4 6!'' 0-t a99+/t ,-* 2-4* )+'7+) +@9+/t 6!t. 9'-)+ +2+);. %a!ments should be made secretl! so that the left hand should not know what the right gi'es )ut sometimes pa!ment should be made openl! so that others ma! be induced to make contributions Hou should abstain from seeking a cheap publicit! because of !our charitable act @n the other hand Islam forbids begging e&cept when on is forced to do so E'er!one is urged to earn his li'ing honourabl! #he prophet saidF &T.+ .a01 6.!9. :!7+) !) 8+tt+* t.a0 t.+ .a01) t.at tak+;

IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAT:
Zakat is one of the fi'e pillars of Isalm $ol! Euran attaches as much importance to zakat as to salat &/*a2 a01 :!7+ -4t Aakat;2:1B;a01 !0 t.+!* /*-/+*t!+) t.+*+ !) a 1+,!0+1 *!:.t t- t.+ 0++12 a01 t.+ 1+/*!7+1; It means zakat is an obligator! charit! Allah is the real so'ereign and the owner of all things $e has placed wealth at the disposal of man for a limited time "an should spend it according to the in,unctions of the real owner #he $ol! Euran commands &a01 )/+01 -, t.at 6.+*+ -, .+ .a) (a1+ 2-4 t*4)t++; a01 &8+)t-6 4/-0 t.+( -, t.+ 6+a't. -, A''a. 6.!9. .+

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8+)t-6+1 4/-0 2-4;24:333a'C0--*) a01 +)ta8'!). t.+ /*a2+* a01 /a2 t.+ Aakat a01 '+01 4/ t- A''a. a :--1'2 '-a0; %3:2B 3a'C (4AAa(!') Allah sa!s in the $ol! Euran &Tak+ a'() -, t.+!* 6+a't. 6.+*+ 6!t. 2-4 (a2 /4*!,2 a01 )a09t!,2 t.+(;>:1B3 &t.+ +@a(/'+ -, t.-)+ 6.- )/+01 t.+!* 6+a't. !0 t.+ 6a2 -, G-1 !) t.at -, a :*a!0 -, 9-*0D !t :*-6) )+7+0 2+a*)D !0 +a9. 2+a* t.+*+ a*+ -0+ .401*+1 :*a!0) a01 GOD :!7+) (a0!,-'1 !09*+a)+) t- 6.-( .+ /'+a)+);2:2#1 #he wisdom behind zakat is that on one hand "uslims pa!s zakat in order to obe! I@DS command+ to win the fa'our and pleasure of lord +purif! himself from sins and belie'e in the growth of wealth+ on the other hand the need! and the depri'ed get their li'elihood without begging or star'ation )! pa!ing zakat not onl! mans mone! but e'en his soul is purifed A "uslim o'ercomes his greed of wealth $is zakat can bridge the gulf between the ha'es and ha'enots It spreads among the people the feeling of lo'e and coAoperation #hrough zakat the nation protects itself from hatred+ po'ert!+ crimes and builds itself on the basis of democrac!+ lo'e+ prosperit! and production

ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
As economics pla!s a pi'otal role in the shaping of societ!+ AJJA$ has formulated the best economic s!stem for mankind If its codes are obser'ed+ economic ,ustice can be ensured otherwise societ! is likel! to be plagued b! numerous ills Capital carries greater weight than labour in interest ridden societ! #he working classes therefore

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becomes poorer while the capitalists carr! awa! all the gains #he economic s!stem is thus paral!zed Zakat pro'ide the best solution to this problem It ensures a stead! flow of wealth from rich to poor Zakat keeps mone! in circulation Zakat discourages hoarding #he gi'er of zakat is forced to in'est his mone! in profitable 'entures which result in a greater in'estment In other words the man who gi'es zakat will tr! to work hard to balance the amount which he has gi'en as zakat As the rate of zakat is onl! 2 94 the pa!er contributes honestl! and willingl! and in'est his capital freel! in business #hus creating more economic opportunities for others @n the contrar! the fear of hea'! ta&ation encourages the trend to hoard capital which weakens the countr! s econom!

SOCIOLOGICAL BENFITS:
?ealth for societ! has the same significance as blood for human bod! If this blood accumulates in the heart+ it paral!ses the bod! and pro'es in,urious to the heart+ if on the one hand the poor are faced with hardships+ on the other the rich+ with their immense wealth become wa!ward and ease lo'ing and morall! degenerate until the! loose sight of the ,udgement da! As this state of affairs persists it sparks off hatred and ,ealous! between the two classes ?ith the passage of time tension between them grows and ultimatel! results in dreadful conse6uences #he Euran has issued a stern warning for those who do not pa! zakat &t.-)+ 6.- .-a*1 4/ :-'1 a01 )!'7+* a01 )/+01 !t 0-t !0 t.+ 6a2 -, ALLAHD a00-409+ 40t- t.+( t.+ 0+6) -, )+7+*+ 9.a)t!)+(+0t -0 t.+ 1a2 6.+0 .+at 6!'' 8+ /*-149+1 -4t -, t.at 36+a't.) !0 t.+ ,!*+ -, .+'' a01 6!t. !t 6!'' 8+ 8*a01+1 t.+!* :-*+ .+a1)D t.+!* ,'a0k) a01 t.+!* 8a9k) .t.!) !) t.+ t*+a)4*+ 6.!9. 2-4 .a7+

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.-a*1+1 ,-* 2-4*)+',D ta)t+ 2-4D t.+0 t.+ t*+a)4*+ 2-4 .a7+ .-a*1+1;.>:34D3" Zakat is the best economic s!stem formulated b! AJJA$ for the welfare of mankind It helps the rich and poor

CONCLUSION:
It is important for "uslims to return to the true spirit of the Euran ?e must ha'e the courage to follow the Islam of our %rophet "uhammad 0pbuh5+ which re6uires real sacrifice and a drastic change in our lifest!les Zakat is an attribute of true belie'er #he $ol! Euran contains se'eral warnings to those who pile up wealth and withhold zakat #hus a belie'er should gi'e zakat