DYNAMIC OF STRUCTURES

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF SDOF SYSTEMS

Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Sumatera DANIEL RUMBI TERUNA, IP-U

OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC

Fundamental Objective of Structural Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic Loads is any load of which its magnitude, direction, and/or position varies with time Two basically different approaches for evaluating structural response to dynamic loads: Deterministic Analysis: If the time variation of loading is fully known Indeterministic Analysis: If the time variation is not completely known but can be defined in a Statistical sense

OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC

Types of Deterministic Loading
Periodic loadings

(a)
time
Unblanced rotating machine in building

(b)
time
Rotating propeller at stern of ship

OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC

Non- Periodic loadings

(c)
time

Bomb blast pressure on building

(d)
time
Eathquake on cable stay bridge

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

p (t )

m
k
(a) One story frame (b) Idealized SDOF system

p (t )

f s (t ) f D (t )

f I (t )

p (t )

(c) Force in equilibrium

(1) Single degree of freedom system

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

The equation of motion can be written as

f I (t ) + f D (t ) + f s (t ) = p(t )
Of the mass and acceleration

(1)

In accordance wih dAlembertd principle,the inertia force is the product

&&(t ) f I (t ) = mu

(2)

Assuming viscous damping mechanism, the damping force is the product of the damping constant c and the velocity

& (t ) f D (t ) = cu

(3)

Finally, the elastic force is the product of the spring stiffness and displacement

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

f S (t ) = ku (t )
Substituting Eq.(2), (3), (4) in to Eq. (1) gives

(4)

&&(t ) + cu & (t ) + ku (t ) = p(t ) mu

(5)

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Lateral stiffness of system
Consider the frame of figure 2

u
EI b h (a) EI c

fs

u
EI b = ~

fs

(b)

u
EI b = 0

fs

Fig. 2 One story of linier system.

(c)

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Lateral stiffness of system if EI b = ~
u
M

fS
fS =

M=

6EIcu h2

2M 12EIc = 3 u h h

fS fs

12EIc kcolumn = 3 h
3EIcu h2 M 3EI fS = = 3 c u h h M=

u
EI b = 0

kcolumn =
fS

3EIc h3

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Paralel and Series System
Consider the system as shown

k1
P1

k2
P

keq
P

x1

P2

x2

x
P x= keq 1 1 1 = + keq k1 k2

P P 1 x1 = ; x2 = 2 k1 k2

x1 +x2 = x
P P 1 P + 2= k1 k2 keq

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Paralel System
k1

x
P

keq
P

x
P = keq x

k2

P 1 =k 1x; P 2 = k2x P= P 1 +P 2

keq x = k1x + k2 x keq = k1 + k2

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Examples
(a)

k1
L

EI

(b)

k1
L

EI

m
k2

1 1 1 = + K k1 k2
(c)

k2

m
(d)

K = k1 + k2 3EI k1 = 3 L

k1
L

EI
L

k1

EI

m
k2

k2 m 1 1 1 = + K k1 k2

K = k1 + k2

48EI k1 = 3 L

EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM

Examples

I b m

(f)

k1
fixed
EI1

k1

k2

K = 2k1 + k2 12EI k1 = 3 L

free

(g)

K = k1 + k2
EI2
L2 / 2 L2 / 2

L1

3EI1 48EI2 k1 = 3 ; k2 = 3 L1 L2