Chemical Reactions and Equations

There are two types of reactions

(1) CHEMICAL REACTION

(2) PHYSICAL REACTION

CHEMICAL REACTION : In a reaction when the original state of the particle changes and it
cannot be reversed by simple physical means, this type of reaction is known as chemical reaction.
Example :- Fermentation of grapes, burning of wood etc. In this reaction we have seen that after
burning of wood, coal is formed and we cannot make wood from coal.

PHYSICAL REACTION : In a reaction when original state of the particle can be recovered by any
means then this type of reaction is known as physical reaction. Example :- Evaporation of water
is the example of physical reaction because we can turn vapour into water again

WRITING A CHEMICAL RECTION

When we are going to write a chemical equation then there will be reactant and product. Left hand
side of the equation is called reactant and the right hand side of the equation is called product.

2H2+ O2 = 2H20
Reactant Product

Balanced Chemical Equations

According to the Law of conservation of energy we know that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed. So while writing a chemical equations we should keep in mind that number of atoms in
L.H.S and R.H.S of an equation should me balanced.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION

COMBINATION REACTION :-In a combination reaction two or more substances combine to form
a new single substance.

Example: CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2

Quick Lime Slaked Lime
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
Hydrogen Oxygen Water

DECOMPOSITION REACTION :-- Decomposition reactions are opposite to combination

reactions. In a decomposition reaction, a single substance decomposes to give two or more
substances.

Example: 2Fe SO4 = Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Ferrous Sulphate Ferric Oxide

DISPALCEMENT REACTION :- When an element displaces another element from its compound,
a displacement reaction occurs.

Example : Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu

Copper Sulphate Iron Sulphate

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION :-- Two different atoms or groups of atoms (ions) are
exchanged in double displacement reactions.
Example: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Sodium Sulphate + Barium Chloride = Barium Sulphate + Sodium Chloride
EXOTHERMIC REACTION :-- Reaction in which heat generated is called exothermic reaction.

ENDOTHERMIC REACTION :-- Reaction in which energy is absorbed is known as endothermic

reaction.

Oxidation and Reduction

OXIDATION :-- Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.

If a substance gains oxygen during a reaction, it is said to be oxidized.

REDUCTION :-- Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.

If a substance loses oxygen during a reaction it is said to be reduced.

Example: 2Cu + O2 = 2CuO

Copper is getting oxidised
CuO + H = Cu + H2O
2
Copper Oxide is reduced

Corrosion
We must have observed that iron particles are shiny when new, but get coated with a reddish
brown powder when left for some time. This process is commonly known as rusting of iron.
When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc., it is said to
corrode and this process is called corrosion.
Corrosion is harmful for many things, like car body, electric poles,etc. To prevent corrosion most
of the things made of metal are given a thick coat of paint.
Example :- The black coating on silver and the green coating on copper are common examples of
corrosion.