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Module PMR

CHAPTER 2
SQUARES,SQUARE ROOTS.CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS

A. SQUARES

- a number multiply by itself


- a2 = a × a
- examples :
a). 22 = 2 × 2 = 4

b). ( - 4 )2 = ( -4 ) × ( -4 ) = 16
3 3 3 9
c). ( ) 2 = ( ) × ( ) =
5 5 5 25

d). ( 0.3 )2 = 0.3 × 0.3 = 0.09

- the square of any number is greater than zero and is always positive.

B. SQUARE ROOTS

- the square roots of any number is the number when multiplied by itself,
equals to the given number.(inverse operation of squaring that number)
- If x = a2, then x = a 2 = a × a = a
- examples :
a). 9 = 3 × 3 = 3

4 2× 2 2
b). = =
9 3× 3 3

c). 0.36 = 0.6 × 0.6 = 0.6

- some fractions are required to reduce to the lowest terms in order to


find the square roots.
- examples:
8 4 2× 2 2
a). = = =
18 9 3× 3 3

- to find the square roots of a mixed number, change the mixed


number into an improper fraction.
- example :
11 36 6×6 6
a). 1 = = =
25 25 5× 5 5

- The square root of negative numbers do not exist

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Module PMR

SQUARES SQUARE ROOTS

12 = 1 1 = 1

22 = 4 4 = 2

32 = 9 9 = 3

42 = 16 16 = 4

52 = 25 25 = 5

62 = 36 36 = 6

72 = 49 49 = 7

82 = 64 64 = 8

92 = 81 81 = 9

102 = 100 100 = 10

112 = 121 121 = 11

122 = 144 144 = 12

132 = 169 169 = 13

142 = 196 196 = 14

152 = 225 225 = 15

162 = 256 256 = 16

172 = 289 289 = 17

182 = 324 324 = 18

192 = 361 361 = 19

202 = 400 400 = 20

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Module PMR

C. CUBES

- a number multiply by itself twice


- a3 = a x a x a
- examples :

a). 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27

2 2 2 2 8
b). ( )3 = × × =
3 3 3 3 27

c). ( 0.2 )3 = 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.008

d). ( - 5 )3 = ( - 5 ) x ( - 5 ) x ( - 5 ) = - 125

- The cube of a positive number is positive


- The cube of a negative number is negative.

D. CUBE ROOTS

- a number when multiply by itself twice, equal to the given number.


- 3
a3 = 3 a × a × a = a
- examples :

a). 3
8 = 3 2× 2× 2 = 2

8 2× 2× 2 2
b). 3 =3 =
125 5×5×5 5

c). 3
0.216 = 3 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 = 0.6

d). 3
− 64 = 3 ( −4) × (−4) × (−4) = −4

- The cube root of a positive number is positive, the cube root of a


negative number is negative.

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 12


Module PMR

CUBES CUBE ROOTS

13 = 1 3
1 = 1

23 = 8 3
8 = 2

33 = 27 3
27 = 3

43 = 64 3
64 = 4

53 = 125 3
125 = 5

63 = 216 3
216 = 6

73 = 343 3
343 = 7

83 = 512 3
512 = 8

93 = 729 3
729 = 9

103 = 1000 3
1000 = 10

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Module PMR

QUESTIONS :

A. Find the value of the following.

1). 32 = 2). 62 =

3). 82 = 4). 92 =

5). 112 = 6). 122 =

7). ( - 2 )2 = 8). ( - 4 )2 =

9). ( - 5 )2 = 10). ( - 7 )2 =

11). ( - 9 )2 = 12). ( - 10 )2 =

2 2
1 2
13).   = 14).   =
2 5

2 2
3  1
15).   = 16). 1  =
7  5

2 2
 4  1
17).  −  = 18).  − 1  =
 9  3

2 2
 2 7
19).  − 3  = 20).   =
 3  12 

21). ( 0.4 )2 = 22). ( 1.2 )2 =

23). ( - 0.3 )2 = 24). ( - 0.05 )2 =

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 14


Module PMR

B. Find the value of the following.

1). 4 = 2). 25 =

3). 64 = 4). 81 =

5). 100 = 6). 144 =

7). 225 = 8). 196 =

1 4
9). = 10). =
64 25

9 7
11). = 12). 1 =
100 9

9 1
13). 1 = 14). 11 =
16 9

1 50
15). 12 = 16). =
4 162

46 21
17). 2 = 18). 4 =
49 25

19. 0.64 = 20. 0.0025 =

21. 1.21 = 22. 2.25 =

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Module PMR

C. Find the values of the following:

1). 23 = 2). 43 =

3). 73 = 4). ( - 5 )3 =

5). ( - 3 )3 = 6). 103 =

3 3
2 3
7).   = 8).   =
5 4

3 3
1  1
9).   = 10). 1  =
6  4

3 3
 2  7
11).  − 1  = 12).  −  =
 3  10 

13). ( 0.1 )3 = 14). ( 0.6 )3 =

15). ( - 0.2 )3 = 16). ( - 0.03 )3 =

17). ( 1.2 )3 = 18). ( - 0.4 )3 =

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 16


Module PMR

D. Find the value of the following.

1). 3
8 = 2). 3
27 =

3). 3
216 = 4). 3
− 125 =

5). 3
− 512 = 6). 3
343 =

7). 3
− 1000 = 1
8). 3 =
8

27 3
9). 3 = 10). 3 3 =
64 8

1000 61
11). 3 = 12). 3 −1 =
125 64

13). 3
0.343 = 14). 3
0.000216 =

15). 3
− 0.064 = 16). 3
− 0.125 =

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 17


Module PMR

Common Errors.

Questions Errors Correct Steps

1. a). Find the value a). (-5) x (-5) x (-5) a). – 5 1m


0f 3 − 125 . or
5 P0

2
1 
b).  × 4  2
b).Calculate the value of 1 
8  b).  × ( − 4 ) 
1 3  8 
 × − 64  2 .
8  1
2

=  K0 2
2  1
= −  1m
 2
1 1
=  ×   1  1
2 2 = −  × − 
 2  2
1
= N0 1
4 = 1m
4

2. a). Find the value of a). 0.006 P0 a). 0.6 1m


3
0.216 .

b).Calculate the value of b).  5  − 13


3
5 
b).  − 1
 25 
3
4 4 
 
 16 − 1 .
  5 1 3
= − 5 4
4 1 = − 
4 4
5 4
= − K0 3
4 4 1
=  1m
4
1
= N0
4 1
= 1m
64

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Module PMR

3. a). Find the value of a).  1 


3
 1  1  1 a).  −  1m
 1 − ×− ×−   27 
 −  .
 3  3  3  3

or

1
P0
27
b). Calculate the value of
3
( − 2) 3 × 9 b). 8 x
9
K0 b). ( − 8) ×
16 4
16
9
=
2 = ( − 2) × 3 1m
1
= 4 N0 = –6 1m
2

Questions based on PMR format

2
1
1. a). Find the value of   .
 3
b). Calculate the value of ( 36 − 8 . ) 3

2. a). Find the value of 0.008 .


3

b). Calculate the value of 16 – 3


− 27 .

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 19


Module PMR

3. a). Find the value of 3


− 0.216 .
1 3 27
b). Calculate the value of − − .
2 8

4. a). Find the value of 0.81 .


(
b). Calculate the value of 4.5 ÷ 3 27 . ) 2

5. a). Find the value of 343 .


3

b). Calculate the value of 15 – 3


− 64 .

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 20


Module PMR

3
 1
6. a). Find the value of  −  .
 4
9 1
b). Calculate the value of ÷ .
64 16

24
7. a). Find the value of 1 .
25
b). Calculate the value of 92 + 122 .

1
8. a). Find the value of 7 .
9
(
b). Calculate the value of 33 − 144 . ) 2

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 21


Module PMR

9. a). Find the value of (- 0.4)2 .


( 2
b). Calculate the value of 5.5 ÷ 25 . )

3
 1
10. a). Find the value of  −  .
 5
216
b). Calculate the value of 52 x 3 − .
125

1
11. a). Find the value of 20 .
4
b). Calculate the value of 102 – 3
− 1000 .

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Module PMR

12. a). Find the value of 3


0.216 .
b). Calculate the value of ( )
0.81 + 0.3 .
2

PMR Past Years Questions

2004

a). Find the value of 3


0.512 .
27
b). Calculate the value of 42 x 3 − . ( 3 marks )
8

2005
3
 1
a). Find the value of  −  .
 4
(
b). Calculate the value of 4.2 ÷ 3 27 . ) 2
( 3 marks )

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Module PMR

2006

a). Find the value of 0.49 .


3
 25 
b). Calculate the value of  − 1 ( 3 marks )
 16 

2007

a). Find the value of 3


− 64 .
3
1 
b). Calculate the value of  × 36  . ( 3 marks )
2 

2008

1
a). Find the value of 3 − .
27
(
b). Calculate the value of 16 − 81 . ) 2
( 3 marks )

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Module PMR

CHAPTER 2 : SQUARES ROOTS,CUBES,&CUBE ROOTS


ANSWERS
A.

1). 9 2). 36

3). 64 4). 81

5). 121 6). 144

7). 4 8). 16

9). 25 10). 49

11). 81 12). 100

1 4
13). 14).
4 25

9 36 11
15). 16). =1
49 25 25

16 16 7
17). 18). =1
81 9 9

121 4 49
19). = 13 20).
9 9 144

21). 0.16 22). 1.44

23). 0.09 24). 0.0025

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 25


Module PMR

B.

1). 2 2). 5

3). 8 4). 9

5). 10 6). 12

7). 15 8). 14

1 2
9). 10).
8 5

3 4 1
11). 12). =1
10 3 3

5 1 10 1
13). =1 14). =3
4 4 3 3

7 1 5
15). =3 16).
2 2 9

12 5 11 1
17). =1 18). =2
7 7 5 5

19). 0.8 20). 0.05

21). 1.1 22). 1.5

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Module PMR

C.

1). 8 2). 64

3). 343 4). – 125

5). – 27 6). 1000

8 27
7). 8).
125 64

1 125 61
9). 10). =1
216 64 64

125 17 343
11). − = −4 12). −
27 27 1000

13). 0.001 14). 0.216

15). – 0.008 16). – 0.00027

17). 1.728 18). – 0.064

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 27


Module PMR

D.

1). 2 2). 3

3). 6 4). – 5

5). – 8 6). 7

7). – 10 1
8).
2

3 3 1
9). 10). =1
4 2 2

10 3 1
11). =2 12). − = −1
5 2 2

13). 0.7 14). 0.5

15). – 0.4 16). – 0.5

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 28


Module PMR

No. Marking Scheme Marks

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 29


Module PMR

1. 1
a). 1
9

b). ( - 2 )3 1

-8 1
=3
2.
a). 0.2 1

b). 16 + 3 1

19 1
=3
3.
a). – 0.6 1

1 3
b). +
2 2 1

4
=2 1
2
=3
4.
a). 0.9 1

b). ( 1.5 )2 1

2.25 1
=3
5.
a). 7 1

b). 15 + 4 1

19 1
=3
6. 1
a). − 1
64

3 4
b). × 1
8 1

3 1
=1 1
2 2 =3

7.

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Module PMR

7 2 1
a). =1
5 5
1
b). 225
1
=3
15
8. 8 2
a). =2
3 3 1

b). 152 1

225 1
=3
9.
a). 0.16 1

b). ( 1.1)2 1

1.21 1
=3
10. 1
a). − 1
125

 6
b). 25 ×  −  1
 5

- 30 1
=3

11. 9 1
a). =4
2 2 1

b). 100 + 10 1

110 1
=3

12.
a). 0.6 1

b). ( 1.2 )2 1

1.44 1
=3

2004
Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 31
Module PMR

a). 0.8 1

3
b). 16 × − 1
2

- 24 1
=3
2005 1
a). − 1
64

b). ( 1.4)2 1

1.96 1
=3
2006
a). 0.7 1

3
1
b).   1
4

1 1
64 =3
2007
a). – 4 1

b). ( 3 )3 1

27 1
=3
2008 1
a). − 1
3

b). 72 1

49 1
=3

Squares, Square Roots,Cubes & Cube Roots 32

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