CH1: Recent information technology trends: Computer Hardware: Faster, Cheaper, Mobile; Computer Software: Integrated, Downloadable, Social;

Enterprise Systems in all organization sizes; Computer Networks: High bandwidth, wireless, cloudy; Porters, ways for companies to compete: Low Cost, Differentiation; How IT affects the ways organizations compete: Computers lower the cost of products/services by automating business transactions shortening order cycle times and providing data for better operational decision making; Can help differentiate products/services from competitors; Increases geographic reach of companies.; Three types of IT assets in an organization: Technology Infrastructure: computer, software and networks that enable an organization to conduct business and share information across organizational units as well as business partners; Human Resources: IT professionals and managers who have the needed mix of technology, business, and interpersonal skills to plan for, design a nd manage the other IT resources Business/IT Relationships: Established relationships between business and IT workers to ensure that the other IT resources are aligned with business needs; CH2: Four building blocks of IT: Input, Output, Memory, Arithmetic/logical unit, Control unit, Files; Basic components of computers & Ex: Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner; Output: monitor, printer; Memory: Ram; Files; Control Unit/Arithmetic logical unit: CPU/processor; Two units the CPU includes: Control Unit, Arithmetic/Logical Unit; Sequential vs. direct access & Examples: Sequential: records that make up files, stored in a sequence according to a control key (magnetic tape); Direct: obtain a record immediately regardless of where it is located. (flashdrives/CD/DVD/Ram); Different types of computer systems & Examples: Microcomputers: personal computer/laptops; Midrange systems (webserver, file server); Mainframes (large webserver); Supercomputers: numerically intensive scientific calculations, very large webserver; Two key types of software & Examples: Application Software (office, quickbooks, peachtree); Support Software (compilers); Open vs. proprietary systems & Examples: Open: linux/unix; Proprietary: Windows/MS-DOS; Network OS: Software running on a server that manages network resources and controls the operation of a network.; 5 types of DB architecture & Examples: Hierarchical; Network; Relational: MySQL, Oracle; Object-Oriented: Versant Object Database, Progress ObjectStore; ObjectRelational: DB2, Cloudspace; CH3: Why networking: Share resources: data/hardware; How data transmitted over medium: Transmission, Processing, Network Control, Interface; Analog VS digital signals: Analog: variations in signal strength; Digital: binary communication; Different transmission media: Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, Wireless; Different network typologies: Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Mesh; Packet switching on Internet: Breaks up data in to several small packets and stores/forwards to remote computer.; Internet applications: Email, IM, Remote login, listserve, FTP, search engine, blogs, twitter, social networking apps. CH4: Data modeling & involves: A key element in the effective management of data is an overall map for business data; Data pyramid: Method to organize data; new data can enter at any level, most new data are captured at the base of the pyramid in operational databases.; Data standards: Identifier, naming, definition, integrity rules, and usage; Data management process: Plan, Source, Acquire and maintain, define/describe and inventory, organize and make accessible, control quality and integrity, protect and secure, account for use, recover/restore and upgrade, determine retention and dispose, train and consult for effective use; Data governance & two key policies related: An organizational process for establishing strategy, objectives, and polices for organizational data; Data ownership and data administration.; Key functions of the data administration group: Organizational unit created to lead the efforts in data management; group often reports as a staff unit to the IS director.; Database administrator (DBA) & functions: Primary person responsible for the management of computer databases.: Tuning DBMS; selection/evaluation training on DB tech-nologies; physical database design.; CH5: EX of enterprise systems and managerial support systems: Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing System, Enterprise Resource Planning System, Data warehousing, CRM, Office Automation; Managerial Support Systems: Decision support systems, data mining, group support systems, GIS, EIS, Business Intel Systems; Batch vs online processing: Batch : delayed/onetime updating of the master file per time period; Online: real-time updating of master file.; Functional IS: A framework based strictly on the organizations primary business functions.; Vertically integrated IS: A system that serves more than one vertical level in an organization or industry; Client/server system: Distributed processing power between a central server computer and a number of client computers.; Two-tier and three-tier systems: 3T: Application server separated from the database server; 2T: (comprised of T1 & T2) T1-Processing is performed on a midrange/high-end system operating as an application server; T2-and the data are stored on a large machine (mainframe/midrange computer) that operates as the DB server.; TPS & Examples: Transaction Processing Systems - Processes thousands of transactions that occur every day in most organizations including sales; payments made and received; inventory shipped and received; hiring and firing; dividends; etc.; ERP: Also TPS, but beyond traditional TPS; a set of integrated business applications or modules, that carry our common business functions such as general ledger accounting, AP/AR, material requirements planning, order management, inventory control, etc.; Warehousing: Large data storage facility containing data on all aspects of the enterprise.; CRM systems: Customer Relationship Management Systems - holds customer sales/marketing information.; Groupware: Group Collaboration software; Computer-integrated manufacturing: Sets up schedules for manufacturing and carries them out through control of various machines involved.; Material requirements planning: Systems that rely on extensive data input to produce a production schedule; SCM system: Supply Chain Management Systems designed to deal with procurement of components a copy needs to make/move/distribute a product or service and finished products throughout supply chain.; 5 supply chain management processes: Plan, source, make, deliver, return; CH6: DSS: Decision Support Systems System designed to assist managers in making decisions; supports data and models and is usually intended to assist in the solution of problems. 3 major components of DSS: Data Management, Model Management, Dialog Mgmt; Two types of DSS & Examples: Specific DSS Capacity Planning; DSS Generator Pro Forma Financial Statement; GSS: Similar to DSS, but system designed to support a group rather than an individual; to make group sessions more productive by supporting brainstorming issue structuring voting and conflict resolution.; GIS: System designed to capture, store, manipulate, display and analyze data spatially referenced to the earth; links data to maps so data spatial characteristics can be easily understood.; EIS (executive info system): app provides executive online access of current info, status or organization and its environment; BIS (business intelligence)- organizes, filters, focuses data into competitive info; PMS (performance mgmt. software) give all levels of mgmt. the info th e need to perform successfully.; Knowledge management: A set of mgmt practices that is practical / action oriented. KMS: A system for managing organizational knowledge that enables individuals to enhance learning, improve performance, competitive advantage. Why use KMS: Value < cost, increase valuation, knowledge assets- competitive advantage, tangible benefits.; AI: The study of how to make comps do things that are presently done better by people. Ex. Natural languages, robotics, perceptive systems vision/hearing, genetic programming, expert systems, neural networks; Expert systems & components: Branch of AI, concerned w/ decision making logic of a human. Diagnose/prescribe treatment for diseases, analyze proposed bank loans, and optimal stops on truck route; CH7: 5 forces Porters competitive forces model: Threat of new entrants /Substitute products or services, Bargaining power of customers (buyers)/ Suppliers, Intensity of competitive rivalry; 3 B2B marketplace depending on the relative power of buyers and sellers: Independent intermediaries-buyer/seller fragmented, sellers concentrated, buyers concentrated. B2B Ex: alibaba; B2C- amazon, Netflix, dell; Dot-com intermediary: Wholesalers who distribute to retailers Ex: Expedia, Travelocity, orbitz