ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES I: STATICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

ENDS 231

DR. ANNE NICHOLS SPRING 2008

ten

lecture

load tracing and types

Load Tracing 1 Lecture 10 Architectural Structures I ENDS 231 S2008abn

Structural Loads
gravity acts on mass (F=m*g) force of mass
acts at a point
ie. joist on beam

acts along a line

ie. floor on a beam

acts over an area

ie. people, books, snow on roof or floor
Load Tracing 2 Lecture 10 Architectural Structures I ENDS 231 S2008abn

Load Tracing
how loads are transferred
usually starts at top distributed by supports as actions distributed by tributary areas

Load Tracing 3 Lecture 10

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Load Tracing

tributary area

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Load Tracing
tributary load
think of water flow concentrates load of area into center

load w= (tributary width ) area

width

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Load Tracing
Patcenter Rogers 1986

Load Tracing 6 Lecture 10

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Load Tracing
Alamillo Bridge Calatrava 1992

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Load Paths

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Load Paths
wall systems

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Load Paths
openings & pilasters

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Load Paths
foundations

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Load Paths
deep foundations

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Concentrated Loads

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Distributed Loads

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Distributed Loads
statically determinate beam supports
simple
L

overhang
L

cantilever
L

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Distributed Loads
continuous beams
statically indeterminate floors
L L

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Equivalent Force Systems

replace forces by resultant place resultant where M = 0 using calculus and area centroids
W=
y

wdx = dA

loading

= A loading
w(x)

x x el
Load Tracing 17 Lecture 10

dx L

dx
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Area Centroids
Table 7.1 pg. 242

b 3
b right triangle only

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Load Areas
area is width x height of load w is load per unit length W is total load
w x =W

w 0 x W

w x W = 2 2 w

2w w x

x W/2

W W/2 x/2 x/6 x/3

x/2

x/2

2x/3

x/3

Load Tracing 19 Lecture 10

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