MAN-22060-US005 Rev B00

Frame Relay Option for the E1 Module Part of the MTT and xDSL

Users Manual
SSMTT-27M3

302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138 Tel: 1-408-363-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313 SSMTT-27M3 1

Warning Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specied by Sunrise Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment. CAUTIONS!
Do not remove or insert the module while the test set is on. Inserting or removing a module with the power on may damage the module. Do not remove or insert the software cartridge while the test set is on. Otherwise, damage could occur to the cartridge.

End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information DO NOT dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as unsorted municipal waste. For proper disposal return the product to Sunrise Telecom. Please contact our local ofces or service centers for information on how to arrange the return and recycling of any of our products. EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive aims to minimize the impact of the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment on the environment. It encourages and sets criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling, recovery, and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment.

2010 Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. All rights reserved. Disclaimer: Contents subject to change without notice and are not guaranteed for accuracy. 2 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

Frame Relay Table of Contents

1 Frame Relay.........................................................................5 1.1 Conguration......................................................................5 1.1.1 E1 Conguration Notes...................................................5 1.1.2 Frame Relay Conguration..............................................6 1.2 LMI Analysis.......................................................................9 1.3 PING Testing....................................................................12 1.3.1 PING Test: Echo Results...............................................15 1.3.2 PING Test: InARP Results.............................................16 1.4 Fox Test............................................................................17 1.5 Statistics Analysis.............................................................21 1.6 GPRS Gb Analysis...........................................................25 2 Reference...........................................................................31 2.1 Frame Relay.....................................................................31 2.1.1 DLCI. .............................................................................31 2.1.2 LMI and/or In-Channel Signalling..................................33 2.2 GPRS...............................................................................35 2.3 Express Limited Warranty. ................................................38 Index........................................................................................39

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Frame Relay for the E1 Module

1 Frame Relay
Frame Relay testing checks the status of a Frame Relay network. When accessing this feature, the test set will take a few seconds to reconfigure. In the event that a mode is not supported when entering the FRAME RELAY menu, you will see an error message. The menu tree is shown in the following figure:

Figure 1 Frame Relay Menu Tree 1.1 Conguration 1.1.1 E1 Conguration Notes TEST MODE: E1SINGL, E1DUAL Tx SRC: TESTPAT mode only Test Payload: 2M or Nx64 The PAT SYNC LED will not light green, as a bit pattern is not being transmitted and received. Select MONITOR for Statistics; TERM or DTE/DCE for LMI or Fox testing. For further information on configuring the test set, see the conguration section of the E1 module user manual. SSMTT-27M3 5

1.1.2 Frame Relay Conguration To display the conguration screen, select from the modules main menu PROTOCOLS > FRAME RELAY > CONFIGURATION.

Figure 2 Frame Relay Conguration Screen Configure the following: Note: For all numeric entries, press SHIFT and use the numeric keys unless noted. INTERFACE Options: UNI (F1), NNI (F2) UNI: User-Network Interface. NNI : Network-Network Interface. EMULATION Options: USER (F1), NETWORK (F2) USER: Emulate the user side of the UNI. NETWORK: Emulate the network side of the UNI. PROTOCOL Options: ANSI617 (F1), Q.933 (F2), LMI (F3), NO-LMI (F4) Choose the protocol to use. ANSI617: ANSI T1.617 standard protocol Q.933: ITU-T Q.933 Frame Relay standard LMI: Local Management Interface standard NO-LMI: No LMI signalling

Note: Press AUTO to automatically configure the LMI and DLCI header size.

Frame Relay for the E1 Module

DLCI LENGTH Options: 2 (F1), 3 (F2), 4 (F3) Set the number of octets for the DLCI header. The Data Link Connection Identifier identifies both directions of a virtual connection. DLCI VALUE UNI DTE Options: DLCI Length 2: 01023, DLCI Length 3: 065,535, DLCI Length 4: 08,388,606 UNI DCE and NNI Options: 16991 Set the DLCI value for your emulation; affects PING and Fox testing. This value is of only local significance. The DLCI value range is dependent on DLCI length. T391 STATUS ENQUIRY (sec) Options: 530 seconds Set the time interval at which a T391 Status Enquiry will be sent. This is a link status verification timer, sent by the user. After a Status Enquiry is sent, the timer resets. T392 STATUS (sec) Options: 530 seconds Set the time interval at which a T392 Status Enquiry will be sent. T392 is a polling verification timer. It is used for transmitting the STATUS (PVC status information). N391 FULL STATUS POLL (cyc) Options: 1255 cycles Determine how often the test set will take a N391 Full Status Poll. The test set will send the status poll, after the entered number of cycles has passed. This is a Full Status enquiry counter sent by the user to the network. After each message is sent, the N391 count is increased by 1. When the N391 set value has been reached, the network should send a Full Status rather than a Status message.

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N392 ERROR THRESHOLD (cyc) Options: 110 cycles Set the error threshold cycle. N392 is a count of errors occurring during the monitored events. This number should be equal to or less than the N393 count. This is a network timer, used as a counter for errors. N393 MONITOR EVENTS (cnt) Options: 110 events Determine how many events must occur to trigger the counter to reset. This is a monitored event counter. A monitored event is any message received across the interface. An event can include errors or timer expiration. The network will count the number of errors within N393 events. If the number of errors are greater than the N392 threshold, the network will report the link down. N392 is reset every N393 events. See Figure 27 for details.

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1.2 LMI Analysis LMI reports information about frame relay connections at the User-Network Interface (UNI). This allows the user and the network to give each other information about the physical link and virtual connections. The analysis begins as soon as you access the screen. LMI provides a number of specific services. It polls the user or network to see if it is connected at the interface. It informs the user when virtual circuits are added or removed from the network, and whether or not each circuit is active. It also reports on the availability of a new virtual circuit. See Figure 3 for a depiction of timer and counter based polling. Figure 4 shows sample screen.

Figure 3 N391 ad T391 Operation

Figure 4 LMI Analysis Screen

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Here are the reported results: USER or NETWORK side (USER in the sample gure). ELAPSED TIME: Length of the test so far. LINK ERRORED TOTAL: Total number of errors for the link under test. TIME OUT ERROR: This counter increments when a proper Status or Full Status response has not been received. RESPONSE SEQ. NUMB: Number of Received Sequence Number Errors (frame received out of order). WRONG MESSAGE: Number of frames containing an invalid message. LINK OK TOTAL: Increments when a proper Status or Full Status response is received. STATUS: Reports current status message, such as Send Status Enquiry, Receive Full Status, or Receive Status. If configured as a NNI, the User and the Network sides will report results. Press NETLMI (F2) to see the Network side information. Press F2 again to return to the USERLMI side. If configured as a UNI, the results are reported for whichever side you have selected for emulation. The following F-keys are available in the LMI Analysis screen: PRINT (F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. A sample is shwn in the following figure:

Figure 5 LMI Sample Printout 10 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

STOP/START (F4): Stop and restart the analysis. PVC (F1): Shows the DLCI activity on the permanent virtual circuit in the following screen:

Figure 6 LMI PVC Analysis Screen Observe any new (just activated) and/or active DLCIs; each corresponds to an individual PVC. A DLCI shifts from NEW to ACTIVE after a full status report has been received from the DCE. The test set automatically sorts the DLCIs by number. The following F-keys are available in the PVC Analysis screen: LMI (F1): Returns to the LMI ANALYSIS screen. PAGE-UP (F2) and PAGE-DN (F3): Scroll through the results, if there is more than one page of New/Active DLCIs. PRINT (F4): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.

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1.3 PING Testing This test verifies continuity by sending PINGs from a local IP address to a destination IP address. Both ends must use the TCP-IP protocol. Another use for this test is to check for network congestion. This would be indicated by a test result showing a large difference between the maximum and minimm response times for each PING.

Figure 7 PING Test Conguration Screen Note: For all numeric entries, press SHIFT and use the numeric keys unless noted. LOCAL IP Enter the IP address of the local side which will send the PING. DEST. IP Enter the distant IP address to receive the PING. NLPID Options: IP (F1), SNAPIP (F2) Determine which Network Layer Protocol Identifiers will be carried inside the Frame Relay frame. IP: Select to use Internet Protocol. SNAPIP: Select Sub Network Access Protocol when no protocol is in use. TIMEOUT (sec) Determine how long (in seconds) the test set will wait for a response before declaring the test over. No. OF PINGS Options: 199 Determine how many PINGs will be sent to the destination IP address. 12 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

InARP Options: MANUAL (F1), TIMED (F2), NoInARP (F3) Inverse Address Resolution Protocol is used by a station to request a protocol address corresponding to the station at the other end of the connection. The test set can send and receive InARP information. MANUAL: Enter information in the RESPSE TIME OUT field. The InARP request will be sent only when you press InARP in the PING TEST screen. TIMED: Sends an InARP automatically, according to your configuration of the next two configuration items, InARP ENQUIRY TIME and RESPSE TIME OUT (sec). NoInARP: This selection causes the test set to not respond to InARP. It removes the following two InARP settings from the screen. InARP ENQUIRY TIME Options: Chose any time from 1 minute99:59 Determine the interval at which the test set will send an InARP. Applies only to TIMED InARP. RESPSE TIME OUT (sec) Options: 0999 seconds Determine how long the test set will wait for a response before timing out. Press START (F4) to begin the test. When InARP is used, InARP is sent to the gateway. The PING test begins after the test set receives an InARP response from thegateway. The following screen is displayed: Figure 8 PING Test in Progress Screen SSMTT-27M3 13

The test set sends the Status Enquiry, and expects to receive a Status or Full Status response from the network. When it has received the proper number of responses (as set by the N391 count in the LMI screen), you will see a PVC READY message, indicating that you can press START (F4). Here are the results: PINGs: Number of PINGs the test will consist of. SENT: Number of PINGs sent so far. PVC STATUS: Current transmission status (for example, Sending a Ping or Receiving a Ping Echo). InARP STATUS: Reports any InARP messages. RECEIVE: Number of echo PINGs received. UNREACH: Number of PINGs which were not reached; the number of PINGs which were not responded to. ROUND TRIP TIME: Displayed in milliseconds. CUR: Round trip time of the current PING. AVG: Average round trip time of a PING. MAX: Longest round trip time of all PINGs. MIN: Shortest round trip time of all PINGs. The following F-keys are available: ECHO (F1): Displays ECHO results described in Section 1.3.1. InARP (F2): Displays InARP results described in Section 1.3.2. PRINT (F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. START/STOP (F4): Start or stop testing.

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1.3.1 PING Test: Echo Results Pres ECHO (F1) in the PING TEST screen to see the following:

Figure 9 Echo Results Screen This screen reports on the number of echo PINGs the test set has sent in response to a PING from a specific IP address. The following information is displayed: No. of ECHOED IPS: Number of IP addresses which sent PINGS to the test set. PAGE: Lists the page number you are viewing. TIME: Timestamp of the last PING received from a destination IP address. PING FROM: IP address which sent the PING. TOTAL: Total number of PINGs received from the associated IP address. The following F-keys are available: PING (F1): Returns to the PING TEST screen. PAGE-UP (F2) and PAGE-DN (F3): Scroll through the available screens. PRINT (F4): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.

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1.3.2 PING Test: InARP Resuls Press InARP (F2) in the PING TEST screen to see the following:

Figure 10 InARP Statistics Screen The following information is displayed: TOTAL #: Number of messages reported for each message type. SENT: Total number of sent InARPs. RSP RCV: Total number of responses received to the sent InARPs. RSP T.O.: Total number of responses which timed out (did not come within the RESPSE TIME OUT (sec) setting). RCV: Total number of received InARP enquiries. RSP SENT: Total number of responses sent by the test set. LAST IP: Address of the last IP which the test set sent an InARP to and received a response from. The following F-keys are available: PING (F1): Returns to the PING TEST screen. InArpRQ (F2): Manually send a request for an InARP to the gateway. Applies when InARP is set to MANUAL in the PING TEST CONFIGURATION screen. PRINT (F4): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.

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1.4 Fox Test This test is used to stress a network by sending a large amount of data. Varying the CIR (Committed Information Rate) and FOX frame length allows you to see how a network responds to different trafc loads. End-to-end connectivity of the Frame Relay network can be verified by transmitting frames to a specific DLCI, then counting the frames received at that DLCI. Looping back on the line verifies circuit capacity. This test is useful when the node to be tested is not using the TCP-IP protocol. Figure 11 shows the configuration screen. Note: In the E1 modules main menu test configurationscreen, the L1 (L2)-RX Port(s) must be set for TERM to conduct this test.

Figure 11 Fox Test Conguration Screen Configure as follows: Note: For all numeric entries, press SHIFT and use the numeric keys unless noted. LOAD (%) Options: 195% This is the percentage of the network capacity occupied by the CIR. For example, if CIR is 50% on a 2M line, then the load is 50%. This can also be expressed as the load maximum percentage setting as being dependent on the TEST RATE and FRAME LENGTH. For example, if the TEST RATE is set to 2.048 Mbps and the FRAME LENGTH is at 64, the maximum LOAD percentage would be 45.

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FRAME LENGTH Options: 644096 bytes Determine how many bytes of the FOX message will be transmitted in each frame. CIR (Kbps) Observe the allowable CIR. This rate configures itself automatically to correspond with the LOAD (%) chosen. If traffic exceeds the CIR (the user information transfer rate), the network will begin congestion control procedures. This lets you see the CIR percentage not to be exceeded. FECN Options: 0 (F1), 1 (F2) The Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bit is sent downstream to notify that node that the sending (upstream) node is experiencing congestion, so congestion management procedures should be undertaken. The use of the FECN bit is optional. 1 means the node is experiencing congestion, 0 that it is not. BECN Options: 0 (F1), 1 (F2) The Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bit is sent upstream to notify that node that the sending (downstream) node is experiencing congestion, so congestion management procedures should be undertaken. 1 means the node is experiencing congestion, 0 that it is not. The use of the BECN bit is optional. DE Options: 0 (F1), 1 (F2) The Discard Eligibility bit informs the network, by the customer, that if the network is experiencing congestion, this frame may be discarded first. Additionally, the network may set this bit if the customer has exceeded the CIR value subscribed to, again allowing the network to discard this frame first if congestion occurs. The DE usually has a value of 1 when it is in use. Press START (F4) to begin the test and a results screen as in Figure 12 is displayed. If configured for LMI, the test set sends the Status Enquiry, and expects to receive a Status or Full Status response from the network. When it has received the proper number of responses (as set by the N391 count in the LI screen), you will see the PVC READY message, and be ready to start your test. 18 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

 Figure 12 Fox Test Results Screen The following information is displayed: ST: The Start Time of the test. ET: Elapsed time; how long the test has been running. PVC STATUS: Status of the PVC connection. CURRENT KBPS: Current test rate, corresponding to the CIR. FECN FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bit. BECN FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bit. DE FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a Discard Eligibility bit. BAD FRAME: Count of the number of frames which were received with an incorrect byte alignment. FCS ERROR: Count of the number of Frame Check Sequence errors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames which is used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer). RSN ERROR: Count of the number of frames with Received Sequence Number errors (frame received out of order). SSN ERROR: Count of the number of frames with Sent Sequence Number errors (received with the wrong number). Tx FRAME: Total count of transmitted frames. Rx FRAME: Total count of received frames. Note: When the test set is looped, as it often will be the case, the number of Received and Transmitted frames will be the same. If the test set is connected to a TE, the frame counts could vary (depending on how each ones CIR is set). SSMTT-27M3 19

The following F-keys are available: RESET (F2): Begins the test anew (the TX and RX FRAMES will start from zero). PRINT (F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. Figure 13 shows a sample printout.

Figure 13 Fox Test Sample Printout FOXSTOP/FXSTART (F4): Pause the test and then continue testing (the TX FRAMES and RX FRAMES number will increase from where they left off).

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1.5 Statistics Analysis This feature is available nly in the BRIDGE or MONITOR modes. It is applicable only to monitoring a Frame Relay line.

Figure 14 SA Monitor Conguration Screen Configure as follows: Note: For all numeric entries, press SHIFT and use the numeric keys unless noted. LONG FRAME LENGTH Options: 10999 A frame longer than the length set here will be designated a long frame. SHORT FRAME LENGTH Options 599; or up to one digit less than the Long Frame Length. A frame shorter than the length set here will e designated a short frame. To start analysis, press ENTER and the following screen is displayed:

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Figure 15 Frame Relay Performance Screen The following F-keys are available in all of the analysis screens: PAGE-UP (F1) and PAGE-DN (F2): Scroll through the results. PRINT (F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. STOP/START (F4): Stop the analysis and then restart a new one. The following information is displayed in the analysis screen shown in Figure 15. AVG UTIL (%): Average utilized percentage of the rate. MAX UTIL (%): Highest utilized percentage of the rate. MIN UTIL (%): Lowest utilized percentage of the rate. AVG THRU (Kbps): Average transmitted frame rate. MAX THRU (Kbps): Highest transmitted frame rate. MIN THRU (Kbps): Lowest transmitted frame rate. AVG FRAME/SEC: Average number of frames transmitted per second. MAX FRAME/SEC: Highest rate of frames transmitted per second. MIN FRAME/SEC: Lowest rate of frames transmitted per second. Press PAGEDN to display the next screen of results. Statistics are available for both lines or sides, if both are in use.

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Figure 16 Frame Relay Statistics Screen The following information is displayed in the analysis screen shown in Figure 16. AVG OCTET: Average octet length (number of bytes). TOTAL FRAMES: Total number of frames received. FECN FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Forward Explicit Congestion Notication bit. BECN: Number of frames containing a Backward Explicit Congestion Notication bit. DE FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Discard Eligibility bit. SHORT FRAMES: Number of Short Frames (as dened in the MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen). LONG FRAMES: Number of Long Frames (as dened in the MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen). FCS ERRORS: Count of the number of Frame Check Sequence errors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames which is used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer). ABORTED FRAMES: Number of frames which were aborted; this usually indicates a link problem or a problem with the customers equipment.

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Press PAGE-DN to display the next screen of results. In the screen, shown on the left in Figure 17, press the ORE (F4) key to access the NEXT (MORE, F1) and PREVIUS (MORE, F2) keys which allow you to scroll through all DLCI pages.

Figure 17 DLCI Analysis Screens Select the DLCI you want to examine by using the keypad arrow keys, press PAGE-DN and the DLCI FRAME RELAY STATISTICS screen is displayed for the selected DLCI, as the right screen in Figure 17. The following statistics are shown for an individual DLCI: AVG OCTET: Average octet length (number of bytes). TOTAL FRAMES: Total number of frames received. FECN FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Forward Explicit Congestion Notication bit. BECN: Number of frames containing a Backward Explicit Congestion Notication bit. DE FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Discard Eligibility bit. SHORT FRAMES: Number of Short Frames (as dened in the MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen). LONG FRAMES: Number of Long Frames (as dened in the MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen). FCS ERRORS: Count of the number of Frame Check Sequence errors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames which is used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer). ABORTED FRAMES: Number of frames which were aborted, usually due to link problems or problems with a customers DTE equipment.

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1.6 GPRS Gb Analysis The General Packet Radio Service feature enhances your measurement capabilities to ensure the performance of GPRS networks, including GPRS over Frame Relay and GPRS over GSM. GPRS Analysis conforms to ETSI Recommendations for GSM Phase 2+GSM 04.08, GSM 08.56, and GSM 08.58. For more information see Section 2. The test set monitors GPRS statistics over the Gb interface on a Frame Relay link carried on an E1 line. The test set veries the layer connection and starts measurements as soon as you enter the Analysis screen. The protocol is determined in the FRAME RELAY CONFIGURATION screen. Make sure to have the E1 module in MONITOR or BRIDGE mode before using this feature. The following F-keys are common to all screens: PAGE-UP (F1), PAGE-DN (F2): Scroll through the screens. STOP/START (F2): Stop the analysis and then start it again. PRINT (MORE, F1): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. SAVE (MORE, F2): Save the results to the second memory card. To access the saved le, escape out until you reach the module main menu, then press MENU. From the test sets main menu select VIEW/PRINT/STORE. Refer to your tes sets users manual if you need more information. Summary Screen In this screen observe basic information about the GPRS layer.

Figure 18 GPRS Summary Screen The following is displayed: FRAME RELAY LMI: The standard in use. DLCI ACTIVE: The DLCI that the statistics are taken from. LINE 1 and LINE 2 STATUS: Status of te physical interface. 25 SSMTT-27M3

Mobility Management Screns There are two of these screens as shown in Figure 19. Table 1 denes the messages.

Figure 19 GPRS Mobility Management Screens Bits 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

5 4 3 2 - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 1

1 Mobility management messages 1 Attach request 0 Attach accept 1 Attach complete 0 Attach reject 1 Detach request 0 Detach accept 0 Routing area update request 1 Routing area update accept 0 Routing area update complete 1 Routing area update reject 0 P-TMSI reallocation command 1 P-TMSI reallocation complete 0 Authentication & ciphering req. 1 Authentication & ciphering resp. 0 Authentication & ciphering rej. 1 Identity request 0 GSM status 1 GSM information Mobility Management Messages

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Session Management Screens Session Management is hndled by the Servicing GPRS Support Node (SGSN. The screens shown in Figure 20 report on these messages. Table 2 denes the messages.

Figure 20 GPRS Session Management Screens Bits 8 7 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 2 - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Table 2 1 Session management messages 1 Activate PDP context request 0 Activate PDP context accept 1 Activate PDP context reject 0 Request PDP context activation 1 Request PDP context activation reject 0 Deactivate PDP context request 1 Deactivate PDP context accept 0 Modify PDP context request 1 Activate PDP context accept 0 Activate AA PDP context request 1 Activate AA PDP context accept 0 Activate AA PDP context reject 1 Deactivate AA PDP context request 0 Deactivate AA PDP context accept 1 SM status Session Management Messages

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BSSGP Screens The Base Station System GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) layer deals with the management protocol between theBSS (Base Station System) and theSSN. The screens shown in Figure 21 report statistics on these messages. Table 3 denes the messages.

Figure 21 GPRS BSSGP Screens PDU type coding (Hexadecimal) PDU Types PDUs between RL and BSSGP SAPs x00 DL-UNITDATA x01 UL-UNITDATA x02 RA-CAPABILITY x03 PTM-UNITDATA PDUs between GMM SAPs x06 PAGING PS x07 PAGING CS x08 RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE x09 RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE-ACK Table continued on next page. Table continued from previous page. PDU type coding (Hexadecimal) PDU Types x0a RADIO-STATUS x0b SUSPEND x0c SUSPEND-ACK 28 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

x0d SUSPEND-NACK x0e RESUME x0f RESUME-ACK x10 RESUME-NACK PDUs between NM SAPs x20 BVC-BLOCK x21 BVC-BLOCK-ACK x22 BVC-RESET x23 BVC-RESET-ACK x24 BVC-UNBLOCK x25 BVC-UNBLOCK-ACK x26 FLOW-CONTROL-BVC x27 FLOW-CONTROL-BVC-ACK x28 FLOW-CONTROL-MS x29 FLOW-CONTROL-MS-ACK x2a FLUSH-LL x2b FLUSH-LL-ACK x2c LLC-DISCARDED x40 SGSN-INVOKE-TRACE x41 STATUS 0x50 DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC 0x51 CREATE-BSS-PFC 0x52 CREATE-BSS-PFC-ACK 0x53 CREATE-BSS-PFC-NACK 0x54 MODIFY-BSS-PFC 0x55 MODIFY-BSS-PFC-ACK 0x56 DELETE-BSS-PFC 0x57 DELETE-BSS-PFC-ACK RESERVED All values not explicitly shown are reserved for future use. Table 3 BSGP Messages

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Network Service StatisticsFigure 22 shows the network screen. Table 4 shows the corresponding PDU (Packet Data Unit) formats.

Figure 22 GPRS Network Service Screen PDU type coding (8 1) PDU Name 00000000 NS-UNITDATA 00000010 NS-RESET 00000011 NS-RESET-ACK 00000100 NS-BLOCK 00000101 NS-BLOCK-ACK 00000110 NS-UNBLOCK 00000111 NS-UNBLOCK-ACK 00001000 NS-STATUS 00001010 NS-ALIVE 00001011 NS-ALIVE-ACK Other values Reserved for future use. Table 4 Network Session PDU Formats

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2 Reference
2.1 Frame Relay Frame Relay is an ISDN packet-transfer protocol. Its governing standards are ANSI T1.617 Annex D, and ITU-T Q.933 Annex A. It is a bandwidth on demand packet switching network, which can deal with bursty traffic. It offers more speed and lower cost than services such as X.25, due to its low overhead and customer Committed Information Rate (CIR). Frame Relay does not have error checking abilities, so it relies on high-quality lines. 2.1.1 DLCI Frame Relay arose from the need for faster local and wide area network transfer of information. Primarily, it operates via Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs). The physical link can be a leased line or Bchannels on either PRI or BRI ISDN. One physical link has multiple PVCs. The virtual circuits include the Data Link Circuit Identification (DLCI), which addresses the data. The following table shows the possible DLCI length and corresponding addresses: Bit Length 10 16 23 Address Range DLCI Header 0 to 1023 2 octets 0 to 65535 3 octets 0 to 8388607 4 octets Table 5 DLCI Heaers

DLCIs have only local User Network Interface (UNI) significance, so a number can be reused in a Frame Relay network, as in the following figure:

Figure 23 Frame Relay Networ The DLCI also provides valuable status information pertaining to congestion. See Figure 24 for an explanation of headers and congestion control:

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Figure 24 Frame Relay Headers and Congestion Control 32 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

2.1.2 LMI and/or In-Channel Signalling Local Management Interface (ANSI T1S1 terminology) or In-Channel Signalling (T1.617 Annex D andQ.933 Annex A terminology) perform status functions at the UNI. For simplicity we will use LMI terminology. See Figure 25 for a depiction of the UNI.

Figure 25 UNI LMI checks the physical link status, informs the user of the addition or deletion f a Virtual Circuit (VC), reports the status of all VCs on the physical link, and reports on the availability of new VCs. See Figure 26 for LMI operations:

Figure 26 LMI Operation Example

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2.1.3 PING Testing Every Internet device has its own Internet Protocol (IP) address. Multiple LAN segments can be connected via a Frame Relay network. A common way to discover whether two remote LAN segments using the TCP-IP protocol are connected is to send a PING (Internet Control Message Protocol) message from one segment to another. When the message is received, internet devices acknowledge it by sending an echo message back. In the example shown in Figure 27, a PING request can be sent from either the test set or the PC on Segment A, IP addres 200.25.1.2, to the PC on Segment B, IP address 192.35.26.7. When the request is received by 192.35.26.7, it will send an echo message back to 200.25.1.2.

Figure 27 Frame Relay PING Testing

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2.2 GPRS General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is known as 2.5 Generation wireless. GPRS deploys Packet Switched Technology in order to deliver data over an existing GSM network. In theory, the data rate of a GPRS phone is up to 171.2 kbit/s over GSM 8 timeslots. In practice, many mobiles share the bandwidth and the GPRS phase 1 mobile will support only two or tree timeslots on the air interface. The initial data rate in GPRS phase 1 is expected at 28 kbit/s. Figure 28 gives an overview of the GPRS network and testing.

2 Mbit/s Transmission Testing PSTN

BTS

BTS

A-bis

BSC

A/A-ter GPRS over Frame Relay Monitoring

MSC

B...G Gs-BSSAP+
HLR

Voice Quality Testing, A-bis Monitoring, Gb GPRS over A-bis Monitoring

Gr-MAP

VLR

SGSN Gd-MAP Gp-Ethernet100 TCP/IP, UDP GTP 09.60 GGSN Gi-Ethernet 100 TCP/IP, UDP Internet SGSN
SMS GMSC

Figure 28 GPRS etwork

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AuC

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There are two main GPRS elements over the GSM network, SGSN and GGSN. Figure 29 shows the User Plane Protocol Stack and the Control Plane Protocol Stack.

Figure 29 Protocol Stacks Servicing GPRS Support Node (SGSN) SGSN controls all aspects of connection between the network and Mobile Station by providing: Session Management. Authentication and Mobility Management:- handover. Connect to VLR (Visitors Location Register ) using Gs based on BSSAP+ (Base Station Subsystem Application Part). Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) GGSN provides the following functions: Counts the number of packets for billing purposes. Gateway to PDN (Public Data Network). 36 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

 Authentication and location management function. Firewall Packet Control Unit (PCU) PCU locates at Base Station Controller (BSC) to convert packet data into a radio format that can be transmitted. It provides for: Radio Resource Management. Quality of Service (throughput, delay, reliability, priority). Packet Data Protocol (PDP) PDP opens a session for a mobile to request a temporary IP address (supporting IPv4 32-bit addressing). GPRS Gb Protocol Stack Layer 1 is defined in Frame Relay Forum FRF 1.1. Layer 2 provides Network Service. Layer 3 provides BSSGP, Base Station System GPRS Protocol. Layers 4 and 5 provide LLC, Logical Link Control. Layer 7 provides SNDCP, Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol.

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2.3 Express Limited Warranty This Sunrise Telecom product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship during its warranty period. The warranty period for this product is contained in the warranty page on http://www.sunrisetelecom.com. Sunrise Telecom agrees to repair or replace any assembly or compo nent found to be defective under normal use during this period. The obligation under this warranty is limited solely to repairing or replacing the product that proves to be defective within the scope of the warranty when returned to the factory. This warranty does not apply under certain conditions, as set forth on the warranty page on http://www.sunrisetelecom.com. Please refer to the website for specific details. THIS IS A LIMITED WARRANTY AND THE ONLY WARRANTY MADE BY SUNRISE TELECOM. SUNRISE TELECOM MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, REPR SENTATION OR CONDITION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

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Frame Relay for the E1 Module

Index
C Cautions; 2 D DLCI Analysis Screen ABORTED FRAMES; 24 AVG OCTET; 24 BECN; 24 DE FRAMES; 24 FCS ERRORS; 24 FECN FRAMES; 24 LONG FRAMES; 24 SHORT FRAMES; 24 TOTAL FRAMES; 24 E Echo Results Screen No. of ECHOED IPS; 15 PAGE; 15 PING F-key; 15 PING FROM; 15 TIME; 15 TOTAL; 15 F Figures 01 Frame Relay Menu Tree; 5 02 Frame Relay Configuration Screen; 6 03 N391 and T391 Operation; 9 04 LMI Analysis Screen; 9 05 LMI Sample Printout; 10 06 LMI PVC Analysis Screen; 11 07 PING Test Configuration Screen; 12 08 PING Test in Progress Screen; 14 09 Echo Results Screen; 15 10 InARP Statistics Screen; 16 11 Fox Test Configuration Screen; 17 12 Fox Test Results Screen; 19 13 Fox Test Sample Printout; 20 14 SA Monitor Configuration Screen; 21 15 Frame Relay Performance Screen; 22 16 Frame Relay Statistics Screen; 23 17 DLCI Analysis Screens; 24 18 GPRS Summary Screen; 25 19 GPRS Mobility Management Screens; 26 20 GPRS Session Management Screens; 27 SSMTT-27M3 39

Figures continued 21 GPRS BSSGP Screens; 28 22 GPRS Network Service Screen; 30 23 Frame Relay Network; 31 24 Frame Relay Headers and Congestion Control; 32 25 UNI; 33 26 LMI Operation Example; 33 27 Frame Relay PING Testing; 34 28 GPRS Network; 35 29 Protocol Stacks; 36 Fox Test Conguration Screen BECN; 18 CIR (Kbps); 18 DE; 18 FECN; 18 FRAME LENGTH; 18 LOAD (%); 17 Fox Test Results Screen BAD FRAME; 19 BECN FRAME; 19 CURRENT KBPS; 19 DE FRAME; 19 ET; 19 FCS ERROR; 19 FECN FRAME; 19 FOXSTOP/FXSTART F-key; 20 PVC STATUS; 19 RESET F-key; 20 RSN ERROR; 19 Rx FRAME; 19 SSN ERROR; 19 ST; 19 TX FRAME; 19 Frame Relay Conguration DLCI LENGTH; 7 DLCI VALUE; 7 EMULATION NETWORK; 6 USER; 6 INTERFACE NNI; 6 UNI; 6 N391 FULL STAT POLL (cyc); 7 N392 ERROR THRESHOLD (cyc); 7 N393 MONITOR EVENTS (cnt); 8 40 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

Frame Relay Conguration continued PROTOCOL ANSI617; 6 LMI; 6 No-LMI; 6 Q.933; 6 T391 STATUS ENQUIRY (sec); 7 T392 STATUS (sec); 7 Frame Relay Performance Screen AVG FRAME/SEC; 22 AVG THRU (Kbps); 22 AVG UTIL (%); 22 MAX FRAME/SEC; 22 MAX THRU (Kbps); 22 MAX UTIL (%); 22 MIN FRAME/SEC; 22 MIN THRU (Kbps); 22 MIN UTIL (%); 22 Frame Relay Statistics Screen ABORTED FRAMES; 23 AVG OCTET; 23 BECN; 23 DE FRAMES; 23 FCS ERRORS; 23 FECN FRAMES; 23 LONG FRAMES; 23 SHORT FRAMES; 23 TOTAL FRAMES; 23 Frame Relay Technology ANSI T1.617 Annex D; 31 Data Link Circuit Identification (DLCI); 31 In-Channel Signalling (T1.617 Annex D and Q.933 An; 33 ITU-T Q.933 Annex A; 31 Local Management Interface (ANSI T1S1 terminology); 33 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs); 31 PING Testing; 34 Virtual Circuit (VC); 33 G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Technology Control Plane; 36 GSM network; 35 User Plane; 36 GPRS Gb Analysis BSSGP Screens; 28 GPRS Gb Analysis Mobility Management Screens; 26 GPRS Gb Analysis Network Service Statistics Screen; 30 GPRS Gb Analysis Session Management Screens; 27 SSMTT-27M3 41

GPRS Gb Analysis Summary Screen DLCI ACTIVE; 25 FRAME RELAY LMI; 25 LINE 1 and LINE 2 STATUS; 25 I InARP Statistics Screen InArpRQ F-key; 16 LAST IP; 16 PING F-key; 16 RCV; 16 RSP RCV; 16 RSP SENT; 16 RSP T.O.; 16 SENT; 16 TOTAL #; 16 L LMI Analysis Screen ELAPSED TIME; 10 LINK ERRORED TOTAL; 10 LINK OK TOTAL; 10 NETLMI F-key; 10 NETWORK; 10 PVC F-key; 11 RESPONSE SEQ. NUMB; 10 STATUS; 10 TIME OUT ERROR; 10 USER; 10 WRONG MESSAGE; 10 P PING Configuration Screen DEST. IP; 12 InARP MANUAL; 13 NOInARP; 13 TIMED; 13 InARP ENQUIRY TIME; 13 LOCAL IP; 12 NLPID IP; 12 SNAPIP; 12 No. OF PINGS; 13 RESPSE TIME OUT (sec); 13 TIMEOUT (sec); 12 PING Test Screen AVG; 14 CUR; 14 42 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

PING Test Screen continued ECHO F-key; 14 InARP F-key; 14 InARP STATUS; 14 MAX; 14 MIN; 14 PINGs; 14 PVC STATUS; 14 RECEIVE; 14 ROUND TRIP TIME; 14 SENT; 14 UNREACH; 14 PVC Analysis Screen LMI F-key; 11 S Statistics Analysis Conguration Screen LONG FRAME LENGTH; 21 SHORT FRAME LENGTH; 21 T Tables 01 Mobility Management Messages; 26 02 Session Management Messages; 27 03 BSSGP Messages; 29 04 Network Session PDU Formats; 30 05 DLCI Headers; 31 W Warnings; 2 Warranty; 38

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44

Frame Relay for the E1 Module