B6D4E1 WATER AND SOLUTION THE PRESERVATION OF WATER QUALITY

Name : Jacquelina Shalinie Stanley Class : 2 Elok Band : B6D4E1 Science Teacher : Puan Syazrah

Index
(a) WATER POLLUTION

i) Definition of water pollution ii) Types of water pollution and their sources iii) Effects of water pollution on living things iv) Ways to control water pollution - steps to be taken by the government - steps to be taken by individuals v) Ways to conserver and preserver water and its quality (b) WATER PURIFICATION i) ii) Methods of water purification Reasons for water purification

(c)

WAYS TO SAVE WATER i) ii) iii) Why we should save water ? How do we waster water ? What can we do to save water ?

WATER POLLUTION i) Definition of water pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater), very often by human activities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants (particles, chemicals or substances that make water contaminated) are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without enough treatment to get rid of harmful compounds. Pollutants get into water mainly by human causes or factors

ii)

Types of water pollution and their sources

Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. If the pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution. Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surrounding the source. Sometimes the pollution may affect the environment hundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste, this is called trans boundary pollution. Some types of water pollution are;

Fact : 97% of earths water is either salty of polluted !

picture 1 ; how water pollutions occurs

picture 2 : the effect of water pollution towards humanity

ii)

Effects of water pollution on living things

The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind of chemicals, concentrations of the pollutants and where there are polluted. Below, we shall see a summary of the effects of water pollution. The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in what locations. Many water bodies near urban areas (cities and towns) are highly polluted. This is the result of both garbage dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by manufacturing industries, health centers, schools and market places. Death of aquatic (water) animalsThe main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that depends on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment). Disruption of food-chains Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels Diseases Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well. People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. In many poor nations, there is always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a result of poor drinking water treatment from contaminated waters. Destruction of ecosystems Ecosystems (the interaction of living things in a place, depending on each other for life) can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many areas are now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to hurt humans in many ways.

iii) Ways to control water pollution

Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone (including governments and local councils) needs to get involved with. Here are a few things you can do to help. Learning about the issue (like you are doing) is the greatest and most important step to take. - Steps to be taken by the government Many governments have very strict laws that help minimize water pollution. These laws are usually directed to industries, hospitals, schools and market areas on how to dispose, treat and manage sewage. In many developed cities, waste or sewage treatment is very efficient, and designed to minimize pollution of water bodies. There are also lots of organizations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution. It is always great to join these groups, because they regularly encourage other members of their communities to have a better attitude towards water. - Steps to be taken by individuals Never throw rubbish away anyhow. Always look for the correct waste bin. If there is none around, please take it home and put it in your trash can. This includes places like the beach, riverside and water bodies. Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when not in use. Also, you can reduce the amount of water you use in washing and bathing. If we all do this, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of dirty water that needs treatment.

Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down the sink drain, or the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal of medicines and chemicals.

Buy more environmentally safe cleaning liquids for the use at home and other public places. They are less dangerous to the environment.

WATE R i)

P U R I FI C A T I O N

Methods of water purification

There are many methods to purify water , the main four ways to purify water is by boiling , chlorination , filrtation and distillation

a)BOILING
- use heat to kills these microorganisms in the water - advantages ; water is free from dangerous microorganisms - disadvantages ; dissolved impurities and suspended impurities still exists in water

b)Chlorination
- Chlorine is added to water to kill microorganisms - Advantages : water is free from dangerous microorganisms - Disadvantages : dissolved impurities and suspended impurities still exists in water

c) Filtration
- to remove suspended impurities from the water - Advantages : water is clear and free from suspended particles - Disadvantages: dissolved impurities and microorganisms still exists in water

d)

Distillation
- To remove suspended impurities and dissolved impurities from the water - Advantages : water is free from all microorganisms , suspended and dissolved impurities - Disadvantages : does not contain minarals which our bodies need -

ii) Reasons for water purification

Reusing water helps the environment in many ways. Areas near the coast and the ocean and areas that have very large populations all struggle with water shortages, which makes saving water necessary. The smallest of tasks that require water, such as washing dishes, can help water shortages by saving the extra rinse water and putting it to other use. This will help people avoid deadly illnesses and create a healthier and safer lifestyle. As stated before, nearly 20% of the world's water is polluted. A single person alone uses seven and a half million gallons of water a day. Saving just a fourth of that water would help water shortages and allow someone to use that water for a good use. Purifying and reusing water is all important for the nation. It will help decrease the amount of illnesses people receive and the amount of water will increase and there will be no fear of running out of water.

WAYS TO SAVE WATER i) Why we should save water ? In my opinion, we should save water because the water supply is decreasing and soon enough we will run out of water ,we cannot let this happen . Water is a natural recourse in our earth and we must protect it . We cannot survivor more then 24 hours without water , most third world countries are already suffering with water shortages and are unable to get clean drinking water , we must save water every way we can . Water is a very important element of our life and saving it is a must .

ii)

How do we waster water ?

As today water is being used for many different activates and often we tend to waste it , here are some examples :
(1) Dishwasher- Dishwashers can waste so much water if you run it when it is not full. A way to prevent this is to wash your dishes without use of the dishwasher. If you do need to use a dishwasher, make sure it is completely full before you turn it on. (2) Brushing Teeth / Washing Dishes WITH the Water Running- DO NOT keep water running while brushing your teeth/ doing the dishes. When you brush your teeth, wet the toothbrush first and turn the water off immediately. And use a natural toothpaste, Only use the water to rinse. Same for dish washing. Scrub the dishes without the water on, and then turn the water on to rinse off the soap. (3) Car Wash-This may be hard for us city folks, but if you have a lawn, Wash your car on it!, Only turn on the hose for the final rinse. Your car will be clean, your lawn will be fed, and by doing this you know you did a lot to help the environment. (4) Leaky Toilets / Leaky Faucets-If you notice a leaky pipe, faucet, or toilet, get it fixed immediately. A leaky toilet, for example, can waste up to 200 gallons of water a DAY. So please, fix your water problems. (5) Bathtime! Bathtime is no longer Funtime. It wastes an unnecessary amount of water. an average shower uses 1/5 the amount of water that is needed for a bath! Teach kids to take showers early on. It all really adds up. So please, take a shower not a bath. (6) Using the Toilet as a Garbage Can- Do Not Do This! Throw out everything in a garbage can, even if it is tempting to just throw it in the toilet. Tissues, Hair, and Bugs are things that people generally throw away in the toilet, but they will be disposed if thrown away in the garbage can as well.

iii) What can we do to save water?

Here are the 9 ways to save water; 1. Water your lawn only when it needs it. Step on your grass. If it springs back, when you lift your foot, it doesn't need water. So set your sprinklers for more days in between watering. Saves 750-1,500 gallons per month. 2. Fix leaky faucets and plumbing joints. Saves 20 gallons per day for every leak stopped.

3. Don't run the hose while washing your car. Use a bucket of water and a quick hose rinse at the end. Saves 150 gallons each time. For a two-car family that's up to 1,200 gallons a month. 4. Install water-saving shower heads or flow restrictors. Saves 500 to 800 gallons per month.

5. Run only full loads in the washing machine and dishwasher. Saves 300 to 800 gallons per month. 6. Shorten your showers. Even a one or two minute reduction can save up to 700 gallons per month.

7. Use a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways and sidewalks. Saves 150 gallons or more each time. At once a week, that's more than 600 gallons a month

8. Don't use your toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket. Saves 400 to 600 gallons per month. 9. Capture tap water. While you wait for hot water to come down the pipes, catch the flow in a watering can to use later on house plants or your garden. Saves 200 to 300 gallons per month.