1.

Some Basic Phrases

God morgon Good Morning God kvll Good Evening Hej d / Adj (more formal Good!ye Tack (s mycket) "han# yo$ (very m$ch Ja / ej &es / No H"r r det# / H"r $ar d" det# Ho' are yo$( %ra Good / )ine Vad $eter d"# *hat%s yo$r name( Jag $eter''' + am called... Trevl(gt att tr**as+ Pleased to meet yo$, Var(*rn kommer d"# *here are yo$ from( Var &or d"# *here do yo$ live( H"r gammal r d"# Ho' old are yo$( Talar d" svenska# Do yo$ s.ea# S'edish( Hej / Goddag Hello / Good Day God natt Good Night Snlla Please Ingen orsak / Varsgod Don%t mention it / &o$%re 'elcome Herr / !r" / !rken Mister / Misses / Miss H"r mr d"# Ho' are yo$( (Ho' are yo$ feeling( Inte s &ra' Not so good Vad r d(tt namn# *hat%s yo$r name( )(tt namn r''' My name is... Vlkommen+ *elcome, Jag kommer *rn''' +%m from... Jag &or (''' + live in... Jag r ,,, r (gammal). + am ---- years old. Jag talar engelska' + s.ea# English.

danska- norska- *ranska- (tal(enska- s.anska- tyska- $ollndska- ryska- ja.anska Danish/ Nor'egian/ )rench/ +talian/ S.anish/ German/ D$tch/ 0$ssian/ 1a.anese Ja- l(te grann' &es/ a little !it. ej- (nte alls' No/ not at all.

Jag *rstr /(nte'0 + 2don%t3 $nderstand. 1rskta / !rlt E4c$se me / Pardon me V( ses senare / snart See yo$ later / soon Jag lskar d(g' + love yo$.

Jag vet /(nte'0 + 2don%t3 #no'. Ha det s &ra+ "a#e care, Hej / Hej d Hi / Bye Jag saknar d(g' + miss yo$.

5. Pron$nciation
S2ed(s$ letter(s) ch c# g g g g7 # : sch ti(on t7 v/ ' 4 ; 3ngl(s$ so"nd sh # g !efore a/ o/ $/ 6/ or $nstressed e 7 !efore e/ i/ y/ 8/ 9 and after l or r # !efore t 7 soft ch so$nd/ !efore e/ i/ y/ 8/ 9 # sh sh soft ch so$nd v #s s

<. =l.ha!et
a & c d e * g $ ( j ah !ay say day ay ef gay ha' ee yee k l m n o . 6 r s t #a' el em en oh .ay #oo air ess tay " v 4 y 5 ooh vay e#s e' say>tah a' ('ith li.s ro$nded eh (as in !ed er ('ith li.s ro$nded

?. No$ns and @ases

No$ns in S'edish have t'o genders/ common and ne$ter/ 'hich ad7ectives m$st agree 'ith 'hen modifying no$ns. "hese genders are signified !y the indefinite articlesA en and ett. +n the voca!$lary lists/ a no$n follo'ed !y (n means that it is a ne$ter no$n and it ta#es the indefinite article ett. "he ma7ority of no$ns in S'edish are common gender/ so they ta#e the indefinite article en. "he only case of no$ns that is $sed in S'edish is the genitive (sho'ing .ossession / and it is easily formed !y adding an >s to the no$n. "his is com.ara!le to adding >%s in English to sho' .ossession. Ho'ever/ if the no$n already ends in >s/ then yo$ add nothing ($nli#e English 'here 'e add >% or >%s . Anders &ok B =nders%s !oo#

C. =rticles and Demonstratives

"here are t'o indefinite articles (corres.onding to a and an in S'edishA en and ett. En is $sed 'ith most of the no$ns ('ords denoting .eo.le almost al'ays $se en / !$t yo$ 'ill 7$st have to learn 'hich article goes 'ith 'hich no$n. "he definite article (the is not a se.arate 'ord li#e in most other lang$ages. +t is sim.ly a form of the indefinite article attached to the end of the no$n. Note that en 'ords ending in a vo'el retain that vo'el and add an >n instead of adding >en. =nd ett 'ords ending in >e 7$st add a >t. 3n 2ords (common) +ndefinite Definite en a the &ananen &anan !anana !anana en stol a chair stolen 3tt 2ords (ne"ter) +ndefinite Definite ett &ord a ta!le &ordet the ta!le a kket the #itchen #itchen an ..let the a..le a..le

the chair ett kk the street ett ..le

en gata a street gatan

This, that, these and those are expressed in Swedish by using den, det or de plus the word hr (here) and dr (there). The noun is always in the definite form after these demonstratives. And if any adjectives follow the demonstrative, they must add an a to the ending.
2(t$ en 2ords this / den $r !il7etten > these this tic#et that / den dr !il7etten > those that tic#et 2(t$ ett 2ords det $r t6get > this train det dr t6get > that train 2(t$ .l"ral 2ords de $r !il7etterna > these tic#ets de dr t6gen > those trains

D. S$!7ect E F!7ect Prono$ns

S"&ject 7 8&ject 9rono"ns jag d" $an yah doo hahn + yo$ (sing$lar he m(g (mej) d(g (dej) $onom meh deh ho-nohm me yo$ him

$on den det man v( n( de (dom)

hohn den deh mahn vee nee dahm

she it ('ith en 'ords it ('ith ett 'ords one 'e yo$ (.l$ral they

$enne den det en oss er dem (dom)

heh-neh den deh en ohss ehr dahm

her it it one $s yo$ them

ote: )an can !e translated as one/ 'e/ they or the .eo.le in general. *hen referring to no$ns as it/ yo$ $se den for en no$ns/ and det for ett no$ns. )ormerly/ d" 'as the informal yo$ and n( 'as the formal/ !$t these distinctions are rarely $sed anymore. "he forms in .arentheses are the informal 'ays of s.elling these 'ords/ 'hich is closer to the act$al .ron$nciation.

G. "o Be and to Have

"he .resent and .ast tenses of ver!s in S'edish are very sim.le to con7$gate. =ll the forms are the same for each .ersonal .rono$n. "he infinitive of the ver! to be in S'edish is vara/ and the con7$gated .resent tense form is r and the .ast tense is var. "he infinitive of the ver! to have is $a/ and the con7$gated .resent tense form is $ar and the .ast tense is $ade. + am vara ; to &e jag r + 'as jag var $a ; to $ave + have jag $ar + had yo$ yo$ have d" $ar had he has $an $ar he had she she has $on $ar had it has den $ar it had it has det $ar it had man one one has $ar had 'e have v( $ar 'e had yo$ yo$ have n( $ar had they they de $ar have had jag $ade d" $ade $an $ade $on $ade den $ade det $ade man $ade v( $ade n( $ade de $ade

yo$ are d" r he is she is it is it is one is 'e are

yo$ 'ere d" var $an var

$an r he 'as

$on r she 'as $on var den r it 'as det r it 'as den var det var man man r one 'as var v( r 'e 'ere v( var yo$ 'ere n( var they 'ere de var

yo$ are n( r they are de r

"o form the f$t$re tense of ver!s/ 7$st add ska !efore the infinitive. Jag ska vara B + 'ill !eH $on ska $a B she 'ill haveH etc.

I. Jsef$l *ords
sometimes (&land already redan

al'ays never often $s$ally no' and !$t or very here there 'ith

allt(d aldr(g o*ta o*tast n" oc$ men eller mycket / vld(gt $r dr med

.erha.s kanske !oth &da ngonsome ngot- ngra again (gen- ter !et'een mellan a lot/ mnga many of co$rse nat"rl(gtv(s a little l(tegrann not at all (nte alls nstan verkl(gen det r det *(nns

almost really( it is there each other varandra is/are

K. L$estion *ords
*ho *hat *hy *hen *here vem vad var*r nr var *hose *hich *here to *here from Ho' vems v(lken- v(lket- v(lka vart var(*rn $"r

Which has three different forms de.ending on the gender and n$m!er of the no$n that follo's it. Mil#en is $sed 'ith en 'ords/ vil#et is $sed 'ith ett 'ords and vil#a is $sed 'ith .l$ral 'ords.

1N. @ardinal and Frdinal N$m!ers

N 1 5 < ? C D G I K 1N 11 15 noll en- ett tv tre *yra *em se4 sj" tta n(o t(o elva tolv 1st 5nd <rd ?th Cth Dth Gth Ith Kth 1Nth 11th 15th *rsta andra tredje *jrde *emte sjtte sj"nde ttonde n(onde t(onde el*te tol*te

1< 1? 1C 1D 1G 1I 1K 5N

tretton *jorton *emton se4ton sj"tton arton n(tton tj"go tj"goen51 tj"goett 55 tj"gotv <N trett(o ?N *yrt(o CN *emt(o DN se4t(o GN sj"tt(o IN tt(o KN n(tt(o 1NN $"ndra 1/NNN t"sen million en m(ljon !illion en m(ljard trillion en &(ljon

1<th 1?th 1Cth 1Dth 1Gth 1Ith 1Kth 5Nth 51st 55nd <Nth ?Nth CNth DNth GNth INth KNth 1NNth 1/NNNth

trettonde *jortonde *emtonde se4tonde sj"ttonde artonde n(ttonde tj"gonde tj"go*rsta tj"goandra trett(onde *yrt(onde *emt(onde se4t(onde sj"tt(onde tt(onde n(tt(onde $"ndrade t"sende

11. Days of the *ee# / Mec#ans dagar

Monday "$esday *ednesday "h$rsday )riday Sat$rday S$nday day morning afternoon evening night today tomorro' day after tomorro' tonight mndag t(sdag onsdag torsdag *redag lrdag sndag dag morgon e*term(ddag a*ton (&e*ore < .m) / kvll natt (dag (morgon ( vermorgon (kvll

yesterday day !efore yesterday last night 'ee# 'ee#end daily 'ee#ly

(gr ( *rrgr (gr natt vecka $elg dagl(g veckol(g

ote: "o say OonO a certain day/ $se . !efore the day.

15. Months of the &ear / Prets m6nader

1an$ary )e!r$ary March =.ril May 1$ne 1$ly =$g$st Se.tem!er Fcto!er Novem!er Decem!er month year monthly yearly jan"ar( *e&r"ar( mars a.r(l maj j"n( j"l( a"g"st( se.tem&er okto&er novem&er decem&er mnad r mnatl(g or var/varje mnad rl(g

ote: "o say OinO a certain month/ $se ( !efore the month.

1<. Seasons
*inter S.ring S$mmer )all v(nter vr sommar $st in (the in (the in (the in (the 'inter s.ring s$mmer fall . v(ntern . vren . sommaren . $sten

ote: &o$ can also $se ( !efore the names of the months to e4.ress thisA ( v(nter B this 'inter

1?. Directions
North So$th East norr sder ster Northeast North'est So$theast nordost nordvst sydost

*est

vster

So$th'est

sydvst

1C. @olors
orange .in# .$r.le !l$e yello' red !lac# !ro'n gray 'hite green orange- orangea rosa / skr- skrt- skra l(la &l- &ltt- &la g"l- g"lt- g"la rd- rtt- rda svart- svart- svarta &r"n- &r"nt- &r"na gr- grtt- gra v(t- v(tt- v(ta grn- grnt- grna

ote: Since colors are ad7ectives/ most of them decline according to 'hich no$n they descri!e. "he first 'ord is $sed 'ith en 'ords/ the second 'ith ett 'ords and the third 'ith .l$ral 'ords. Some 'ords remain the same for all three.

1D. "ime / "id

*hat time is it( (+t is 5 =M 5 PM DA5N half .ast < :$arter .ast ? :$arter to C 1N .ast 11 5N to G noon midnight in the morning in the evening +t%s e4actly... =!o$t/aro$nd I. =t I. early late(r Vad r klockan# =lockan r tv . natten >?'@@ (&"t sa(d as tv) tj"go ver se4 $alv *yra kvart ver *yra kvart ( *em t(o ver elva tj"go ( sj" m(tt . dagen m(dnatt . morgonen . kvllen den r .rec(s omkr(ng tta klockan tta t(d(gt sent (senare)

1G. *eather / M8der

Ho'%s the 'eather today( +t%s cold !ea$tif$l Vad r det *r vder (dag# det r kallt vackert / *(nt

hot clear icy 'arm 'indy clo$dy ha;y m$ggy h$mid foggy +t%s sno'ing +t%s raining +t%s free;ing

jttevarmt klart (s(gt varmt &ls(gt moln(gt d(s(gt rtt *"kt(gt d(mm(gt det snar det regnar det r kallt/kyl(gt

1I. )amily / )amil7

Parents Mother )ather Son Da$ghter Brother Sister Grandfather Grandmother Grandson Grandda$ghter Niece Ne.he' @o$sin Jncle =$nt Boy Girl @hild / Ba!y =d$lt Man *oman )riend (m )riend (f *rldrar mamma / mor / moder .a..a / *ar / *ader son dotter &ror syster *ar*ar (*at$erAs *at$er) / mor*ar (mot$erAs *at$er) *armor (*at$erAs mot$er) / mormor (mot$erAs mot$er) sonson (sonAs son) / dotterson (da"g$terAs son) sondotter (sonAs da"g$ter) / dotterdotter (da"g$terAs da"g$ter) &rorsdotter (&rot$erAs da"g$ter) / systerdotter (s(sterAs da"g$ter) &rorson (&rot$erAs son) / systerson (s(sterAs son) k"s(n *ar&ror (*at$erAs &rot$er) / mor&ror (mot$erAs &rot$er) *aster (*at$erAs s(ster) / moster (mot$erAs s(ster) .ojke *l(cka &arn / &a&y / &e&(s / s.d&arn v"4en (n) man kv(nna vn vn(nna knna ; to veta ; to

!". To #now $eople and %acts

present past future

kno2 .eo.le #8nner #8nde s#a #8nna

kno2 *acts vet visste s#a veta

5N. )ormation of Pl$ral No$ns

=n en 'ord ta#es one of the follo'ing endings 'hen it is .l$rali;edA or- ar- er. =n ett 'ord ta#es an n or no end(ng at all. +ndefinite Pl$ral dro. ;a and add en klocka ; ;or klockor dro. ;e and add En 'ords that end in ;e en .ojke ; .ojkar ;ar En 'ords 'ith stress on last en kamrat ; add ;er vo'el kamrater En 'ords that end in ;a Ett 'ords that end in a vo'el add ;n Ett 'ords that end in a consonant no end(ng a 'atch > (some 'atches a !oy > (some !oys

a friend > (some friends a .lace > (some ett stlle ; stllen .laces a room > (some ett r"m ; r"m rooms

"o form the definite .l$ral/ yo$ m$st first form the indefinite .l$ral and then add these endings to that 'ord. (some 'atches > the 'atches +ndef. Pl$ral Ett 'ords that end in a (some .laces > the add ;a vo'el .laces +ndef. Pl$ral Ett 'ords that end in a (some rooms > the add ;en r"m ; r"mmen consonant rooms +ndef. Pl$ral En 'ords add ;na "here are some no$ns that change their vo'el in the .l$ral. "hese no$ns $s$ally ta#e the >er ending 'hen forming the indefinite .l$ral. en natt ; ntter a night > nights en stad ; stder a to'n > to'ns en $and ; $nder a hand > hands en tand ; tnder a tooth > teeth en strand ; strnder en rand ; rnder ett land ; lnder en &onde ; &nder a farmer > farmers en ledamot ; ledamter a mem!er > mem!ers en *ot ; *tter a foot > feet en rot ; rtter a root > roots a !oo# > !oo#s a man > men the man > the men klockor ; klockorna stllen ; stllena

a !each > !eaches en &ok ; &cker a stri.e > stri.es a co$ntry > co$ntries en man ; mn mannen ; mnnen

&!. $ossessive Adjectives and $ronouns with en words my / mine m(n your / yours d(n his / her / its / s(n with ett words m(tt d(tt s(tt with plural words m(na d(na s(na

their his / his her / hers its / its our / ours your / yours their / theirs

$ans $ennes dess vr er deras

$ans $ennes dess vrt ert deras

$ans $ennes dess vra era deras

"he same forms are $sed for .ossessive ad7ectives that are $sed directly !efore no$ns and for .ossessive .rono$ns that re.lace a no$n. )or e4am.le/ this is my car and this is mine 'o$ld !e translated as det $r r m(n &(l and det $r r m(n. S(n- s(tt and s(na can only !e $sed 'hen the third .erson .ossessive ad7ective refers to the s$!7ect of the same cla$se. "hese 'ords can !e translated as his, her, its or their. Generally/ if yo$ cannot insert Oo'nO after the .ossessive ad7ective in English/ yo$ cannot $se sin/sitt/sina. Per !es9#er s(n mamma. B Per visits his (o'n mother. (Sin refers !ac# to Per. Eva ringer hans mamma. B Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per/ not Eva. &&. To 'o()a*e and To +ecome gra ; to do/make g9r g7orde s#a g9ra &l( ; to &ecome !lir !lev s#a !li

present past future

5<. *or# and School

actor actress a$thor skdes.elare skdes.elerska *r*attare 7$dge la'yer mechanic domare advokat mekan(kermontr m"s(ker sj"kskterska m&etsman

!a#er &agare !a#er%s sho. &ager( !oo#seller &ok$andlare !oo#sho. !$sinessman !$tcher .harmacist .harmacy coo# c$stomer dentist doctor em.loyee engineer &oka**r a**rsman slaktare *armace"t a.otek (n) kock- kokerska k"nd tandlkare lkare- doktor anstlldar&etstagare (ngenjr

m$sician n$rse official o.tician (eye o.t(ker doctor .ainter mlare .hotogra.her *otogra* .oliceman .ol(s (n) .ostman &rev&rare .riest .rst .$!lisher *rlggare scientist vetenska.sman shoema#er skomakare sho./ store singer &"t(k sngare-

fisherman gardener hairdresser 7e'eler 7o$rnalist

*(skare st$dent trdgrdsmstare s$rgeon $r*r(sr tailor j"velerare teacher jo"rnal(st 'or#man !y/ at/ ne4t av to in &akom on/ in/ at &land at the ho$se &redv(d of to e*ter

sngerska st"dent k(r"rg skrddare lrare ar&etare

5?. Pre.ositions
v(d ( . $os t(ll of/ !y/ 'ith !ehind among !eside

after/ for according *rn from enl(gt to genom thro$gh/ !y *ram*r in front of for/ !y/ lngs along *r 'ith ver across/ over omkr(ng aro$nd mot to'ards/ to med 'ith/ !y $nder/ mellan !et'een "nder !elo' aro$nd/ om "tan 'itho$t a!o$t/ in sedan since "tom e4ce.t for to'ards/ trots in s.ite of t for V(d is $sed to e4.ress a .osition ne4t to something/ !$t 'ith no contact. I is $sed to e4.ress a .osition in something that is seen to have vol$me (room/ containers/ etc. H and it is also $sed 'ith co$ntries/ cities/ villages/ etc. 9 is $sed to e4.ress a .osition on something that is seen as a line or s$rface 'ith contactH and it is also $sed 'ith islands/ addresses/ and .artic$lar .laces/ s$ch as !an#/ .ost office/ cinema/ hos.ital/ li!rary/ etc. "hree e4ce.tions to $sing .6 'ith .artic$lar .laces incl$de school/ 'or#/ and the sho.A ( skolan- ( a**ren- ( kyrkan.

5C. @o$ntries and Nationalities

=frica / =frican =merica / =merican =rgentina / =rgentinan =sia / =sian =$stralia / =$stralian Country A*r(ka Amer(ka Argent(na As(en A"stral(en Noun a*r(kan amer(kan argent(nare as(at a"stral(ensare Adjective a*r(kansk amer(kansk argent(nsk as(at(sk a"stral(ensk

=$stria / Bsterr(ke =$strian Belgi$m / %elg(en Belgian Bra;il / Bra;ilian %ras(l(en @anada / =anada @anadian @hina / @hinese =(na Denmar# / Dane Canmark Egy.t / Egy.tian 3gy.ten England / 3ngland English E$ro.e / 3"ro.a E$ro.ean )inland / )innish !(nland )rance / )rench !rankr(ke Germany / Tyskland German Great Britain / Stor&r(tann(en British Greece / Gree# Grekland Netherlands / Holland D$tch H$ngary / 1ngern H$ngarian +reland / +rish Irland +taly / +talian Ital(en 1a.an / Ja.an 1a.anese Nor'ay / orge Nor'egian Poland / Polish 9olen Port$gal / 9ort"gal Port$g$ese 0$ssia / Eyssland 0$ssian Scotland / Skottland Scottish S.ain / S.anish S.an(en S'eden / Sver(ge S'edish S'it;erland / Sc$2e(5 S'iss "$r#ey / "$r#ish T"rk(et Jnited States 1'S'A'

sterr(kare &elgare &ras(l(anare kanadensare k(nes dansk egy.t(er engelsman e"ro.D *(nlndare / *(nne *ransman tysk &r(tt grek $ollndare "ngrare (rlndare (tal(enare ja.an norrman .olack .ort"g(s ryss skotte s.anjor svensk sc$2e(5are t"rk amer(kan

sterr(k(sk &elg(sk &ras(l(ansk kanadens(sk k(nes(sk dansk egy.t(sk engelsk e"ro.e(sk *(nsk *ransk tysk &r(tt(sk grek(sk $ollndsk "ngersk (rlndsk (tal(ensk ja.ansk norsk .olsk .ort"g(s(sk rysk skotsk s.ansk svensk sc$2e(5(sk t"rk(sk

)or lang$ages/ yo$ generally add >a to the ad7ectiveA svens#a is S'edish and engels#a is English/ etc.

5D. Negative Sentences

"o ma#e a sentence negative in S'edish/ sim.ly add (nte after the ver!. +f there is an a$4iliary ver! and a main ver!/ (nte goes !et'een the t'o. +n addition/ if yo$ ans'er OyesO to a negative :$estion/ yo$ m$st $se jo instead of ja.

5G. Short =ns'ers

= yes/no :$estion can !e ans'ered 'ith a short .hrase/ 7$st as in English. "he ver! gra (to do/ma#e is $sed 'ith the .rono$n det and the s$!7ect of the :$estion. Some ver!s are not re.laced !y gra and are re.eated in the short ans'er/ s$ch as vara and $a. "his is very similar to English/ e4ce.t for the 'ord order. Positive Short =ns'erA Ja Q det Q Ver& Q S"&ject Negative Short =ns'erA ej F det F Ver& F S"&ject F (nte Ar&etar $on $r# Does she 'or# here( Ja- det gr $on. &es/ she does. ej- det gr $on (nte' No/ she doesn%t. Gr de glada# =re they ha..y( Ja- det r de' &es/ they are. ej- det r de (nte. No/ they are not. &,. To -ome and To .o komma ; to come present #ommer past #om future s#a #omma &". -ommon Auxiliary /erbs k"nna ; to &e a&le to- can #an #$nde v(lja ; to 2ant to vill ville * ; to &e allo2ed to f6r fic# ;;; $ave to- m"st m6ste >>> g ; to go g6r gic# s#a g6

present past

1$st as in English/ there is no .ast form of m$st / m6ste. &o$ can either $se var tv"ngen or &e$vde instead/ as in jag var tv"ngen att ... B + had to... skola ; s"..osed to- 2(lls$o"ld s#a s#$lle &ra; s$o"ldo"g$t to !9r !orde &r"ka ; "s"ally- &e$va ; need "sed to to !r$#ar !r$#ade !eh9ver !eh9vde

present past

V( kan tala engelska. *e can s.ea# English. Han k"nde (nte s.ela' He co$ld not .lay. Sven v(ll sova' Sven 'ants to slee.. Hon v(ll $a ka**e' She 'ants coffee. (*hen v(lja is follo'ed !y a no$n/ $a is added !efore the no$n. C" *r rka' &o$ may smo#e.

Ce mste g $em n". "hey m$st go home no'. C" *r (nte rka. &o$ m$st not smo#e. (Must not is translated 'ith *r (nte rather than m ste inte/ 'hich means don%t have to. Jag &r"kar dr(cka ka**e e*ter l"nc$' + $s$ally drin# coffee after l$nch. (%r"kar in the .resent tense means "s"ally Q main ver!.

<N. @on7$gating 0eg$lar Mer!s (Present and Past "enses

+nfinitives in S'edish end in >a. *hen con7$gating ver!s/ the same form is $sed for all s$!7ect .rono$ns/ 'hether sing$lar or .l$ral. "o form the .resent tense of ver!s/ either add ;r to the infinitive or remove t$e ;a and add ;er. tala ; to s.eak (;ar ver&) 7 stnga ; to close (;er ver&) !resent "ense jag + s.ea# talar d" yo$ talar s.ea# $an he talar s.ea#s $on she talar s.ea#s 'e v( talar s.ea# n( yo$ talar s.ea# de they talar s.ea# !ast "ense jag + s.o#e talade d" yo$ talade s.o#e $an he talade s.o#e $on she talade s.o#e v( 'e talade s.o#e n( yo$ talade s.o#e de they talade s.o#e !resent "ense jag + close stnger d" yo$ stnger close $an he stnger closes $on she stnger closes v( 'e stnger close n( yo$ stnger close de they stnger close !ast "ense jag stngde d" stngde $an stngde $on stngde v( stngde n( stngde de stngde + closed yo$ closed he closed she closed 'e closed yo$ closed they closed

Please note the three .resent tenses in English (sim.le/ .rogressive and em.hatic are all translated !y one ver! form in S'edish. Jag talar can mean # spea$, # am spea$in% or # do spea$. !o"r 9ast Tense Honj"gat(ons "o form the .ast tense/ most ver!s add >de to the .resent tense form of >ar ver!s and to the stem of >er ver!s (infinitive min$s >a . B$t if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (#/ ./ t/ or s / then add >te instead. =nother gro$. of ver!s/ short ver!s ending in a vo'el/ add >dde to form the .ast tense. (See I?' Irreg"lar Ver&s !elo' for a longer list as many of these ver!s have irreg$lar forms in other tenses. #nfinitive ar&eta +nfinitive of >ar *rga ver!sH add ;de ..na tala r(nga stnga Stem of >er ver!sH add ;de *lja &ygga Stem ends in #/ tnka to 'or# to as# to o.en to s.ea# to ring to close to follo' to !$ild to thin# !resent ar&etar *rgar ..nar talar r(nger stnger *ljer &ygger tnker !ast ar&etade *rgade ..nade talade r(ngde stngde *ljde &yggde tnkte

rka ./ t/ or sJ add ;te lsa k.a +nfinitive ends in tro long vo'elH add &o ;dde

to smo#e to read to !$y to !elieve to live/ d'ell

rker lser k.er tror &or

rkte lste k.te trodde &odde

<1. 0efle4ive Mer!s

Some ver!s in S'edish are refle4ive ver!s/ in that the action !y the s$!7ect is .erformed !y itself. "his is com.ara!le to the >self or >selves .rono$ns $sed in English 'ith some ver!s/ s$ch as he behaves himself. Most of the time/ ver!s that are refle4ive in S'edish are not refle4ive in English. "o con7$gate these ver!s/ sim.ly add these .rono$ns after the ver!A m(g myself (mej) d(g (dej) yo$rself oss o$rselves yo$rselves theirselves

er s(g s(g (sej) himself/herself/itself (sej)

"he forms in .arentheses are $sed in collo:$ial (s.o#en and 'ritten S'edish. +n fact/ m(g- d(g and s(g are .rono$nced as if they 'ere 'ritten mej- dej and sej.

<5. @ommands
Mer!s that end in >ar in the .resent tense sim.ly remove the >r to form the command (im.erative . Mer!s that end in >er in the .resent tense remove the >er to form the command. &o$ cannot form the im.erative if yo$ only #no' the infinitive and not if the ver! ta#es >ar or >er in the .resent tense. B$t if yo$ do #no' that an infinitive is an >ar ver!/ yo$ leave the >a in the im.erative/ and if the infinitive is an >er ver!/ yo$ remove the >a. !resent "ense ..nar vntar skr(ver lser #mperative ..na+ vnta+ skr(v+ ls+ "ranslation o.en, 'ait, 'rite, read,

<<. Present and Past Perfect

"he .resent and .ast .erfect tenses consist of t'o .artsA $ar / $ade and the s".(ne *orm of the main ver!. "his is a com.o$nd tense that corres.onds to $as/$ave / $ad and a .ast .art(c(.le in English. "he main difference !et'een S'edish and English in this tense/ ho'ever/ is that S'edish $ses the s$.ine form of the ver! instead of the .ast .artici.le. "o form the s$.ine/ >ar ver!s add >t to the infinitiveH 'hile >er ver!s re.lace >a 'ith >t in the infinitive. +nfinitives ending in long vo'els add >tt to form the s$.ine. #nfinitive ar&eta to 'or# *rga to as# !resent ar&etar *rgar !ast &upine ar&etade ar&etat *rgade *rgat

..na tala r(nga stnga *lja &ygga tnka rka lsa k.a tro &o

to o.en to s.ea# to ring to close to follo' to !$ild to thin# to smo#e to read to !$y to !elieve to live/ d'ell

..nar talar r(nger stnger *ljer &ygger tnker rker lser k.er tror &or

..nade ..nat talade talat r(ngde r(ngt stngde stngt *ljde *ljt &yggde &yggt tnkte tnkt rkte rkt lste lst k.te k.t trodde trott &odde &ott

Jag $ar lst &oken' + have read the !oo#. Hon $ade ..nat drren' She had o.ened the door.

<?. +rreg$lar Mer!s

Several ver!s in S'edish are considered irreg$lar !eca$se they do not follo' the r$les for the different con7$gations. "hese forms need to !e memori;ed since these ver!s are very common. #nfinitive vara $a komma gra ta sga veta lta $lla $eta ka resa &ra dra l(gga lgga stta sl *alla ta sova stjla grta slja #mperative var $a kom gr ta- tag sg vet lt $ll $et k res &r dra- drag l(gg lgg stt sl *all t sov stjl grt slj !resent r $ar kommer gr tar sger vet lter $ller $eter ker reser &r drar l(gger lgger stter slr *aller ter sover stjler grter sljer !ast var $ade kom gjorde tog sasade v(sste lt $ll $ette kte reste &ar drog lg la- lade satte slog *ll t sov stal grt slde &upine var(t $a*t komm(t gjort tag(t sagt vetat lt(t $ll(t $etat kt rest &"r(t drag(t legat lagt satt slag(t *all(t t(t sov(t st"l(t grt(t slt "ranslation be have come do, ma$e ta$e say $now let hold be called %o travel carry pull, dra% lie 'down( put put hit fall eat sleep steal cry sell

vlja vnja svlja sk(lja

vlj vnj svlj sk(lj

vljer vnjer svljer sk(ljer

valde vande svalde sk(lde

valt vant svalt sk(lt

choose accustom swallow separate

Some >er ver!s (and never >ar ver!s have irreg$lar sim.le .ast and s$.ine forms. Sometimes these involve a vo'el change and lac# of ending. #nfinitive &(nda &r(nna dr(cka *(nna "ranslations to bind / bound / bound to burn / burned / burned to drin$ / dran$ / drun$ to find / found / found to disappear / disappeared / *rsv(nna *rsvann *rsv"nn(t disappeared to mana%e / mana%ed / $(nna $ann $"nn(t mana%ed to run, flow / ran, flowed / r(nna rann r"nn(t run, flowed s(tta satt s"tt(t to sit / sat / sat to %et out of / %ot out of / sl(..a sla.. sl"..(t %otten out of s.r(cka s.rack s.r"ck(t to split / split / split s.r(nga s.rang s.r"ng(t to run / ran / run st(cka stack st"ck(t to stic$ / stuc$ / stuc$ v(nna vann v"nn(t to win / won / won &(ta &et &(t(t to bite / bit / bitten gr(.a gre. gr(.(t to %rip / %ripped / %ripped l(da led l(d(t to suffer / suffered / suffered r(da red r(d(t to ride / rode / ridden sk(na sken sk(n(t to shine / shone / shone skr(va skrev skr(v(t to write / wrote / written to wear out / wore out / worn sl(ta slet sl(t(t out st(ga steg st(g(t to rise / rose / risen to be silent / was silent / t(ga teg t(g(t been silent vr(d vred vr(d(t to turn / turned / turned &j"da &jd &j"d(t to invite / invited / invited lj"ga ljg lj"g(t to lie / lied / lied 'to tell a lie( sj"nga sjng sj"ng(t to sin% / san% / sun% skj"ta skt skj"t(t to shoot / shot / shot &ryta &rt &r"t(t to brea$ / bro$e / bro$en *lyga *lg *l"g(t to fly / flew / flown *lyta *lt *l"t(t to float / floated / floated !ast &and &rann drack *ann &upine &"nd(t &r"nn(t dr"ck(t *"nn(t

*rysa knyta kry.a

*rs knt kr.

*r"s(t kn"t(t kr".(t

to free)e / fro)e / fro)en to tie up / tied up / tied up to crawl / crawled / crawled

= fe' infinitives in S'edish do not end in >a. "hese are short ver!s and they end in a long/ stressed vo'el. "he infinitive is the same as the im.erative/ and the .resent tense is formed !y adding >r. "he .ast tense if formed !y adding >dde to the infinitive/ and the s$.ine is formed !y adding >tt to the infinitive. Ho'ever/ a fe' of the short ver!s have an irreg$lar form in the .ast. #nfinitive / !resent !ast &upine #mperative "ense "ense Short ver!s 'ith a reg$lar .astA tro tror trodde trott ske sker skedde skett n nr ndde ntt &o &or &odde &ott m mr mdde mtt kl klr kldde kltt Short ver!s 'ith an irreg$lar .astA * *r *(ck *tt g gr g(ck gtt ge ger gav gett se ser sg sett d dr dog dtt st str stod sttt &e &er &ad &ett "ranslation believe, thin$ happen reach live 'dwell( feel 'of health( dress %et, receive %o, wal$ %ive see die stand as$, pray

<C. )ood and Meals

!acon !eef !eer !everage !isc$it !read !rea#fast !$tter ca#e cheese chic#en cho. coffee cream dessert dinner egg &acon / *lsk (n) ntktt (n) l (n) dryck kaka &rd *r"kost smr (n) kaka / trta ost kyckl(ng $acka ka**e grdde dessert m(ddag gg (n) salad salt sand'ich sa$ce sa$sage so$. ste' s$gar s$..er tea veal vegeta!les vinegar 'ine !asin !ottle can o.ener sallad salt (n) smrgs ss korv so..a gryta socker (n) m(ddag te (n) kalvktt (n) grnsaker tt(ka / v(nger v(n (n) skl *laska konserv..nare

fried egg soft>!oiled egg fat flo$r ham honey 7am l$nch meal meat mil# m$stard m$tton oil omelet .e..er .or# toast roll

stekta gg kokta gg *ett (n) mjl (n) sk(nka $on"ng sylt (n) l"nc$ mlt(d ktt (n) mjlk sena. *rktt (n) olja omelett .e..ar *lsk (n) rosta &"lle

coffee .ot colander cor#scre' c$. dish for# frying .an glass 7$g #ettle #nife lid na.#in .late sa$cer sa$ce.an s.oon ta!lecloth tea.ot

ka**ekanna d"rkslag korkskr"v ko.. *at (n) ga**el stek.anna glas (n) kr"ka k(ttel kn(v lock (n) servett tallr(k te*at (n) kastr"ll sked d"k tekanna

<D. )r$its and Megeta!les

almond a..le a..le tree a.ricot ash !ar# !eech !erry !irch !lac#!erry !ranch cherry cherry tree chestn$t chestn$t tree c$rrant cy.ress date elm fig mandel ..le (n) ..eltrd (n) a.r(kos ask &ark &ok &r (n) &jrk &jrn&r (n) gren krs&r (n) krs&rstrd kastanj kastanjetrd v(n&r (n) cy.ress dadel alm *(kon (n) stra'!erry tree tree tr$n# vine 'aln$t 'illo' articho#e as.arag$s !arley !ean (!road !ean (#idney !r$ssel s.ro$ts ca!!age carrot ca$liflo'er celery corn c$c$m!er egg.lant garlic jordg"&&e trd (n) stam v(nstock valnt .(l kronrtskocka s.arr(s korn (n) &na k(dney&na &rysselkl kl morot &lomkl seller( majs g"rka a"&erg(ne v(tlk

fir fr$it gra.es ha;eln$t #ernel la$rel leaf lemon lime tree melon oa# olive olive tree orange orange tree .each .ear .ear tree .ine .inea..le .l$m .o.lar ras.!erry root <G. @on7$nctions

gran *r"kt v(ndr"vor $asselnt krna lagertrd &lad (n) c(tron l(nd melon ek ol(v ol(vtrd a.els(n a.els(ntrd .ers(ka .ron (.l) .rontrd tall ananas .lommon (n) .o..el $allon (n) rot

her! horse>radish lentil lett$ce mai;e mint m$shroom oats onion .arsley .ea .otato .$m.#in radish rice rye sage seed s.inach stal# tomato t$rni. 'heat

rt .e..arrot l(ns sallad majs mynta svam. $avre lk .ers(lja rta .otat(s ."m.a rd(sa r(s (n) rg salv(a *r s.enat stjlk tomat rova vete (n)

Hoord(nat(ng Honj"nct(ons oc$ eller men *r s som ant(ngen'''eller varken'''eller and or !$t !eca$se/ for so as either...or neither...nor

S"&ord(nat(ng Honj"nct(ons att that d 'hen e*tersom !eca$se/ as in order to/ so *r att that

dr*r att (nnan / *rrn medan nr om *ast sedan n" d

!eca$se !efore 'hile 'hen if/ 'hether (interrogation even if/ altho$gh since/ as no' that

<I. *ord Frder +n general/ the 'ord order of S'edish is the same as EnglishA S$!7ect Q Mer! Q F!7ect. Ho'ever/ the 'ord order is slightly different from English 'hen something other than the s$!7ect of the ver! !egins the sentence. +n declarative sentences/ the main ver! is al'ays in the second position (!$t not necessarily the second 'ord, . )or e4am.le/ if a sentence !egins 'ith an adver! or an o!7ect/ the ver! 'ill !e the second element in the sentence/ and the s$!7ect 'ill come a*ter the ver!. "hen any other forms of ver!s (s$ch as .artici.les or infinitives 'ill come after the s$!7ect. Adverb or *bject I morgon I a**ren Main +erb &ubject ker k.er jag jag '!articiple / #nfinitive( t(ll Sver(ge' ett &rd' "ranslation +%m going to S'eden tomorro'. + !$y !read in the store.

+n sentences that !egin 'ith a s$!ordinate cla$se/ the second (inde.endent cla$se 'ill have inversion of the ver! and s$!7ect. "he s$!ordinate cla$se is the first element in the sentence/ so the ver! m$st !e second/ and the s$!7ect is third. &ubordinate Clause r jag var "ng" d $on $ar komm(t Main +erb &odde kan &ubject jag v( ,est of &entence ( Sver(ge' &rja' "ranslation *hen + 'as yo$ng/ + lived in S'eden. No' that she%s arrived 'e can !egin.

)$rthermore/ adver!s that modify the entire sentence come before the ver! in s$!ordinate cla$ses/ 'hereas they normally occ$r after the ver! in reg$lar sentences. Besides (nte (not / these adver!s incl$deA aldr(g (never / allt(d (al'ays / allts (so/ then / mjl(gtv(s (may!e / grna (gladly/ 'ith .leas$re / &ara (only and skert (s$rely . Han sger att $an (nte kan ka &(l t(ll Stock$olm' He said that he cannot come to Stoc#holm !y car. <K. =s#ing L$estions

Kes/ o 6"est(ons: +nvert the s$!7ect and ver! so that the ver! !egins the :$estion. Ar&etar $an# Does he 'or#( Eegnar det# +s it raining( L"est(on Mords: "he :$estion 'ord !egins the :$estion/ and the ver! comes ne4t/ follo'ed !y the s$!7ect. Var &or Sten# *here does Sten live( Vad gr 3lsa# *hat does Elsa do(

?N. Holiday Phrases

God J"l+ Gott ytt Nr+ Glad 9sk+ Gratt(s . *delsedagen+ Merry @hristmas, Ha..y Ne' &ear, Ha..y Easter, Ha..y Birthday,

"he S'edish National =nthemA

D$ gamla/ d$ fria/ d$ f78llh9ga Nord/ D$ tysta/ d$ gl8d7eri#a s#9na, 1ag h8lsar dig/ v8naste land $..6 7ord/ Din sol/ din himmel/ dina 8ngder gr9na. Din sol/ din himmel/ dina 8ngder gr9na. D$ tronar .6 minnen fr6n fornstora da%r/ d6 8rat ditt namn fl9g 9ver 7orden. 1ag vet att d$ 8r och d$ !lir/ vad d$ var. 1a/ 7ag vill leva/ 7ag vill d9 i Norden. 1a/ 7ag vill leva/ 7ag vill d9 i Norden. -ou ancient, free and mountainous North, *f .uiet, joyful beauty, # %reet you, loveliest land on earth, -our sun, your s$y, your %reen meadows. -our sun, your s$y, your %reen meadows. -ou are throned on memories of olden days When the honour of your name spread over the earth. # $now that you are and will remain what you were. *h, may # live, may die in the Nordic North/ *h, may # live, may die in the Nordic North/ ?1. Places air.ort !a#ery !an# !ar !arn !arrac#s !ench !oo#store *lyg.lats &ager( &ank &ar lada kasern &nk &ok$andel em!assy factory farm fo$ntain garage hos.ital hotel ho$se am&assad *a&r(k &ondgrd *ontn/&r"nn garage sj"k$"s (n) $otell $"s (n) .ort .rison resta$rant road/street school side'al# s:$are sta!le $amn *ngelse (n) resta"rang gata skola trottoar torg (n) stall

!ridge !$ilding castle cathedral cemetery ch$rch cinema cons$late corner co$rtyard

&ro &yggnad slott (n) katedral kyrkogrd kyrka &(ogra* kons"lat (n) $rn grd

h$t inn li!rary mar#et mon$ment m$se$m .alace .ath .harmacy .olice station

$ydda vrds$"s (n) &(&l(otek (n) marknad m(nnesvrd m"se"m .alats st(g a.otek .ol(sstat(on

stadi$m store s$!$r! theater to'er to'n to'n hall train station $niversity village

stad(on a**r *rstad teater torn (n) stad rd$"s (n) jrnvgsstat(on "n(vers(tet (n) &y

?5. "rans.ortation air.lane !icycle !oat !$s car mo.ed motorcycle shi. streetcar train tr$c# ?<. =d7ectives =d7ectives m$st agree in gender and n$m!er 'ith the no$ns they descri!e. +n S'edish/ ad7ectives are .laced directly !efore the no$n/ as in English. "here are t'o ty.es of ad7ectivesA strong and 'ea#. Strong ad7ectives are $sed after the indefinite article and the 'ords ngon (a/ some/ any / (ngen (no / en annan (another / v(lken ('hat a / and all (all H as 'ell as after the ver!s to !e and to !ecome (vara and &l( . *ea# ad7ectives are $sed 'ith the definite article/ demonstratives/ .ossessive ad7ectives or a .ossessive no$n. Strong (Inde*(n(te): "he !asic r$le for strong ad7ectives is to add >t for ne$ter no$ns and >a for .l$ral no$ns. "here is no ending for ad7ectives that modify common no$ns. common neuter en fin !il ett fint h$s a beautiful a beautiful car house gott ont !l6tt plural fina !ilar beautiful cars goda onda !l6a *lyg.lan cykel &t &"ss &(l mo.ed motorcykel ske.. s.rvagn tg last&(l

!asic r$le

ending in god vo'el Q d ending in ond consonant Q d ending long !l6 vo'el

ending in >er or >el ending in >en gammal is irreg$lar liten is irreg$lar

vac#er egen gammal liten

vac#ert eget gammalt l(tet

vac#ra egna gamla sm

Meak (Ce*(n(te): "he !asic r$le for 'ea# ad7ectives is to add >a for all no$ns. Note that the no$n has the definite article attached to the end and the 'ords den- det or de .receding the ad7ective. "he ad7ective liten is com.letely irreg$lar in the sing$lar and .l$ral. *ith ad7ectives follo' .ossessives or demonstratives/ the definite article is not attached to the end of the no$n. common den fina !ilen the beautiful car den l(lla !ilen the small car plural de fina det fina !ilarna h$set the the beautiful beautiful house cars det l(lla de sm h$set !ilarna the small the small house cars neuter

!asic r$le

liten is irreg$lar

Some common ad7ectives cannot !e declined and they remain the same in all formsA &ra (good / e4tra (e4tra / grat(s (free . ??. @om.arative E S$.erlative )orming the com.arative and s$.erlative of ad7ectives in S'edish is very similar to English. Most ad7ectives add >are to the ad7ective for the com.arative and >ast(e for the s$.erlative. Some ad7ectives add nothing to the ad7ective/ !$t $se mer or mest (more or most !efore the ad7ective. comparative superlative strong ad7ectives 'ea# ad7ectives many sylla!les %ood - better best %ood - better best 'food( bad - worse worst ;are ;are mer ;ast ;aste mest

Irreg"lar Hom.arat(ve and S".erlat(ve !orms god god dl(g &ttre godare vrre &st godast vrst

bad - less %ood least %ood small - smaller smallest many - more most much - more most old - older oldest

dl(g l(ten mnga mycket

smre m(ndre *ler mer

smst m(nst *lest mest ldst

gammal ldre

NoteA Godare and godast $s$ally only refer to food. )ler / flest are $sed 'ith co$nt no$ns/ 'hile mer / mest are $sed 'ith non>co$nt no$ns. Hom.ar(ng t2o or more adject(ves: "o e4.ress egality (as... as / $se s'''som. "o e4.ress s$.eriority (>er or more... than / $se ;are or mer and n (than. "o e4.ress the s$.erlative (>est or the most / $se ;ast or mest. ?C. Ho$se E )$rnit$re alarm cloc# armchair attic !alcony !asement !as#et !athroom !atht$! !ed !edroom !lan#et !linds !oo#case !o4 !room car.et ceiling chair chimney cloc# closet com.$ter corner vckarklocka lnstol v(ndsvn(ng &alkong kllare korg &adr"m &ad sng sovr"m (n) *(lt r"llgard(n &ok$ylla k(sta kvast matta tak (n) stol skorsten klocka gardero& dator $rn (n) des# door door!ell dra'er fence fire.lace floor floor / storey f$rnit$re garden &ord drr r(ngklocka lda staket eldstad golv (n) vn(ng refrigerator roof room r$g sheet shelf sho'er sin# sofa stairs stove ta!le ta. (fa$cet tele.hone television toaster toilet (*@ to'el vac$$m cleaner vase 'all 'all (room 'indo' kylsk. tak (n) r"m (n) matta lakan (n) $ylla d"sc$ d(sk&nk so**a tra..a s.(s &ord (n) kran tele*on telev(s(on &rdrost toalett $andd"k damms"gare vas m"r vgg *nster (n)

m&ler (.l') trdgrd nedersta gro$nd floor vn(ng ho$se $"s (n) iron (flat strykjrn (n) #ey nyckel #itchen kk (n) lam. lam.a la'n grsmatta light !$l! gldlam.a loc# mattress mirror oven .antry ls (n) madrass s.egel "gn ska**er( (n)

c$.!oard c$rtain c$shion

sk. (n) gard(n k"dde

.ict$re tavla .illo' $"v"dk"dde .i.e ('ater rr (n)

yard

grd

?D. @lothing a.ron !athro!e !elt !lo$se !oot !ra !racelet !r$sh !$c#le !$tton ca. clothes coat collar com! contact lens cotton dress earrings fashion *rklde &adka..a skr. &l"s knga &e$ arm&and $r&orste s.nne kna.. mssa klder jacka krage kam kontaktl(ns &om"ll klnn(ng r$ngen mod glasses glove hand!ag hand#erchief hat 7ac#et nec#lace needle nightgo'n overcoat .ants .in .oc#et .$rse raincoat ring scarf shirt shoe shoelace glasgon $andske $andvska nsd"k $att jacka $als&and nl nattl(nne verrock &y4or kna..nl *(cka &rs regnrock r(ng scar* / $alsd"k skjorta skor sko&and (n) shorts sil# s#irt sleeve sli..ers soa. soc# stoc#ing s$it s$nglasses s$s.enders s'eater s'ims$it thread tie ">shirt $m!rella 'aistcoat 'atch 'ool s$orts s(lke (n) kjol rm to**el tvl sockor tr"m.a kostym solglasgon $ngslen trja &adklder trd sl(.s T;s$(rt .ara.ly vst klocka "ll

?G. )$t$re "ense Fne 'ay to form the f$t$re tense in S'edish is !y $sing the a$4iliary ver! ska !efore an infinitive. "his im.lies intention and the involvement of someone%s 'ill or 'ish. =s an alternative/ yo$ can $se tnker !efore an infinitive/ as long as it is the s$!7ect%s 'ish and not someone else%s. C" ska tala svenska' &o$ are going to s.ea# S'edish. Jag ska resa t(ll Amer(ka ( $st' +%m going to =merica in the fall. V( tnker *lyga $em' *e%re going to fly home. =nother 'ay is to $se kommer att !efore an infinitive. "his does not im.ly intention or 'ill/ as it%s more of a .rediction or ass$m.tion a!o$t the f$t$re. C" kommer att tycka om m(n vn' &o$%ll li#e my friend. Alla kommer att vara $r klockan O' Every!ody 'ill !e here at I o%cloc#. ?I. S.orts !adminton &adm(nton !ase!all &ase&all !as#et!all &asket r$g!y sailing s#iing r"g&y segl(ng sk(ds.ort

!o'ling !o4ing cycling golf hoc#ey ice>s#ating 7ogging ?K. Nat$re air !an# !ay !each !ranch !$d !$sh ca.e cave climate clo$d coast comet constellation co$ntry(side c$rrent daffodil daisy dar#ness desert de' d$st earth east farm field flo'er foam l"*t strand v(k strand gren kno.. &"ske ka. grotta kl(mat moln (n) k"st komet konstellat(on land (n) strm narc(sser t"senskna mrker (n) ken dagg dam (n) jord ster lant&r"k / *arm *lt &lomma sk"m (n)

&o2l(ng &o4n(ng cykels.ort gol* $ockey konstkn(ng joggn(ng

soccer s$rfing s'imming ta!le tennis tennis volley!all 'restling

*ot&oll s"r*(ng s(mn(ng &ordtenn(s tenn(s volley&oll &rottn(ng

grass g$lf hail hay high tide hill ice island isthm$s 7$ngle la#e leaf light lightning lily lo' tide meado' moon mo$ntain mo$ntain range m$d nat$re north .enins$la .lain .lanet .lant .ond

grs (n) v(k $agel (n) $ (n) *lod k"lle (s landt"ngaJ ns dj"ngel sj &lad lj"s (n) &l(4t l(lja e&& ng mne &erg (n) &ergskedja m"dder (n) nat"r norr $alv slt .lanet v4t dam (n)

root rose salt 'ater sand sea shado' s#y sno' soil so$th s.ring ('ater star stem storm strait stream s$n s$nflo'er tha' th$nder tornado tree t$li. valley vie' 'ater 'aterfall 'ave

rot ros saltvatten (n) sand $av (n) sk"gga $(mmel sn mark sder klla stjrna stam storm s"nd &ck sol solros tvder (n) ska trom& trd t"l.an dal "ts(kt vatten (n) vatten*all (n) &lja

fog forest fresh 'ater frost

d(mma skog stvatten (n) *rost

rain rain!o' river roc#

regn (n) regn&ge *lod kl(..a

'eather 'est 'ind 'orld

vder (n) vster v(nd vrld

CN. Parts of the Body an#le arm artery !ac# !eard !elly !ladder !lood !ody !one !rain !reast !reath calf chee# chest chin com.le4ion ear el!o' eye eye!ro' eyelid face *otled arm ."lsder rygg skgg (n) &"k &lsa &lod (n) kro.. &en (n) $jrna &rst ande vad k(nd &rst (n) $aka $y ra (n) arm&ge ga (n) gon&ryn (n) gonlock (n) ans(kte (n) finger fist flesh foot forehead g$m hair hand head health heart heel hi. intestine 7a' #idney #nee leg li. liver l$ng mo$stache mo$th m$scle *(nger (n) knytnve ktt (n) *ot .anna tandktt (n) $r (n) $and $"v"d (n) $lsa $jrta (n) $l $*t (nelvor (.l') k*t nj"re kn (n) &en (n) l.. lever l"nga m"stasc$ m"n m"skel nail nec# nerve nose .$lse ri! shin sho$lder s#eleton s#in s#$ll sole s.ine stomach tem.le thigh throat th$m! toe tong$e tooth vein 'aist 'rist nagel $als nerv smrta $jrtslag rev&en (n) sken&en sk"ldra skelett sk(nn (n) skalle *ots"la ryggrad mage t(nn(ng lr (n) str".e t"mme t t"nga tand der m(dja $andled

C1. 0elative Prono$ns "he relative .rono$n som can !e translated at that, which, whom/ or who and it can act as a s$!7ect or as a com.lement. Cr ('here/ in 'hich and nr ('hen can also !e $sed as relative .rono$ns for location and time. Stan- som l(gger dr &orta- r Skvde' "he city that is over there is S#ovde. !l(ckan- som *yller >P r- r m(n syster' "he girl 'ho is going to !e 1G is my sister. Eesta"rangen- som d" tycker om- l(gger ( Gamla Stan' "he resta$rant 'hich yo$ li#e is in Gamla Stan. C5. =nimals E +nsects animal ant dj"r (n) myra giraffe goat g(ra** get .ig .igeon sv(n (n) d"va

!adger !at !ea# !ear !ee !eetle !ird !lac#!ird !$ll !$tterfly calf car. cat cater.illar chic#en chim.an;ee cla' coc#roach cod co' cra! crayfish crocodile cro' deer dog don#ey dragonfly d$c# eagle eel ele.hant feather fin fish flea fly fo4 frog f$r gill

grvl(ng *lderm"s n&& &jrn &( (n) skal&agge *gel koltrast tj"r *jr(l kalv kar. katt larv kyckl(ng sc$(m.ans klo kackerlacka torsk ko kra&&a kr*ta krokod(l krka $jort $"nd sna trollslnda anka rn l ele*ant *jder *ena *(sk lo..a *l"ga rv groda .ls gl

goose gorilla grassho..er hamster hare hedgehog hen heron herring hoof horn horse h$mming!ird ig$ana insect 7ellyfish #itten lady!$g lam! lar# lion li;ard lo!ster (s.iny lo$se mac#erel mole mon#ey mos:$ito moth mo$se m$le nightingale octo.$s ostrich o'l o4 oyster .arrot .artridge .a' .eng$in

gs gor(lla grs$o..a $amster $are (gelkott $na $ger s(ll $ov $orn (n) $st kol(&r(er Ieg"an (nsekt manet katt"nge nyckel.(ga lamm (n) lrka lejon (n) dla $"mmer l"s makr(ll m"llvad a.a mygga natt*jr(l m"s m"la nktergal &lck*(sk str"ts "ggla o4e ostron (n) .a.egoja ra..$na tass .(ngv(n

.i#e ra!!it raccoon rat rooster salmon scale scor.ion sea g$ll seahorse seal shar# shee. shrim. sl$g snail sna#e sole s.arro' s.ider s:$irrel starfish stor# s'allo' s'an tad.ole tail tiger toad tro$t t$na t$r#ey t$rtle 'as. 'easel 'hale 'ing 'olf 'orm ;e!ra

gdda kan(n tvtt&jrn rtta t".. la4 *jll (n) skor.(on ms sj$st sl $aj *r rka sn(gel sn(gel orm sjt"nga s.arv s.(ndel ekorre sjstjrna stork svala svan grodyngel svans t(ger .adda *orell ton*(sk kalkon skld.addor get(ng vessla val*(sk v(nge varg mask se&ra

C<. =dver!s never al'ays .ro!a!ly at least only/ merely gladly/ 'illingly not may!e/ .erha.s hardly aldr(g allt(d antagl(gen tm(nstone &ara grna (nte kanska kna..ast .ossi!ly often already s$rely seldom soon .ro!a!ly $s$ally really/ indeed mjl(gen o*ta redan skert sllan snart trol(gtv(s vanl(gtv(s verkl(gen

=dver!s are generally .laced after the first ver! in inde.endent cla$ses 'ith straight 'ord order. Cav(d rker o*ta .(.a' David often smo#es a .i.e. Stock$olm l(gger (nte ( Amer(ka. Stoc#holm is not in a =merica. Talar %o allt(d lngsamt# Does Bo al'ays s.ea# slo'ly( +n s$!ordinate cla$ses/ the adver! is .laced !efore the con7$gated ver!. Hon tror- att $on allt(d $ar rtt' She thin#s that she is al'ays right. Qars sade- att $an (nte tycker om att kra &(l' Rars said that he doesn%t li#e to drive. Many adver!s in S'edish have t'o distinct formsA one to denote location and one to denote movement to or from a .lace. Rocation adver!s ans'er the :$estion var# 'here( 'hile movement adver!s ans'er the :$estion vart# 'here to( Rocation in (nne o$t "te there *ramme $. "..e do'n nere here $r there dr a'ay &orta (at home $emma Movement (n "t *ram ".. ner $(t d(t &ort $em

Rocation adver!s are $sed 'ith ver!s of rest (vara/ st6/ ligga/ sitta/ stanna/ finnas/ !o/ trivas and movement adver!s are $sed 'ith ver!s of motion (g6/ #omma/ fara/ resa/ 6#a/ flytta/ s.ring/ #9ra/ flyga . )al(n r $r' Malin is here. )al(n kommer $(t' Malin is coming here. )amma stannar $emma' Mother is staying home. )amma gr $em' Mother is going home. C?. Present E Past Partici.les "he .resent .artici.le in S'edish acts as an ad7ective. Present .artici.les cannot !e $sed to form the .rogressive tenses as in English/ i.e. 0e is readin% is translated as

Han lser. Nor can .resent .artici.les !e $sed as ger$nds (>ing form $sed as no$ns in English . +n this case/ the infinitive is $sedA 1o you li$e readin%2 Tycker d" om att lsa# "he S'edish .resent .artici.le is formed !y adding ;ande to most ver!s/ and ;ende to ver!s 'hose infinitives do not end in >a. =ltho$gh the .resent .artici.le acts as an ad7ective/ it is not declined li#e other ad7ectives. +t remains the same at all times. en str6lande dag tv6 str6lande dagar den str6lande dagen de str6lande dagarna "he .ast .artici.le in S'edish also acts as an ad7ective/ either in the .redicate of the sentence or as a modifying ad7ective !efore a no$n. Jnli#e the .resent .artici.le/ the .ast .artici.le does decline and agree 'ith the no$n in gender and n$m!er. 0emem!er that the s$.ine form is $sed in the .erfect tenses in S'edish/ 'hereas English $ses the .ast .artici.le. "he .ast .artici.le is $sed in the .assive voice in S'edish/ ho'ever. Inde*(n(te !orms: "he en 'ord forms vary according to the con7$gation .attern of the ver!. "he ett 'ord forms are similar to the reg$lar ad7ective endings/ and add >t or >tt. "he .l$ral forms add either >a or >e ( for >ar ver!s . Predicate ad7ectives are al'ays declined in the definite forms. Ce*(n(te !orms: "he sing$lar and .l$ral forms of the definite .ast .artici.les are the same as the .l$ral indefinite formsA add >a to most ver!s/ and >e to >ar ver!s. CC. Passive Moice %l( F .ast .art(c(.le "he .assive voice is formed similar to the English .assive/ !$t 'ith a different ver!A con7$gation of &l( Q .ast .artici.le ('hich m$st agree 'ith the s$!7ect . +t is .ossi!le to $se vara (!e instead of !li (!ecome in these sentences/ !$t this descri!es a state or condition. Jsing !li descri!es an action or a transition from one state to another. Notice that av is the .re.osition $sed to mean by 'hen e4.ressing the agent. Skjortan &l(r tvttad' "he shirt 'as 'ashed. =lderna &l(r tvttade' "he dresses 'ere 'ashed. H"set &lev slt av Jo$an' "he ho$se 'as sold !y 1ohn. Ver& F s =nother 'ay to form the .assive voice is the >s form. "he ending >s can !e added to the infinitive/ .ast tense or s$.ine forms. +n the .resent tense/ >s is added to the infinitive of the >ar and long vo'el ver!s and to the stem of the >er and irreg$lar ver!s. =lso/ if the stem already ends in >s/ an >e is inserted !efore the >s. "his ver! Q s form commonly follo's modal ver!s. y$eterna lses varje t(mme' "he ne's is read every ho$r. %ordet k.tes av m(n moster' "he ta!le 'as !o$ght !y my a$nt. Ekn(ngen $ade redan &etalats' "he !ill had already !een .aid. %arn ska ses men (nte $ras' "he child 'ill !e seen !$t not heard. CD. Fffice E School S$..lies !ac#.ac# ryggsck lam. lam.a

!oo# !riefcase ca!inet ca!le calc$lator calendar chair chal# com.$ter crayon date des# dictionary dis# (flo..y doc$ment dra'er envelo.e eraser fa4 machine file glo!e gl$e in# #ey!oard CG. Materials E "ools alloy !rass !ric# cement chal# clay coal concrete co..er cor# glass gold iron lead leather

&ok .ort*lj ka&(nett ka&el kalkylator kalender stol kr(ta dator *rgkr(ta dat"m (n) &ord ord&ok d(skett dok"ment lda k"vert (n) g"mm( (n) tele*a4 *(l jordglo& l(mma &lck (n) tangent&ord

la.to. ma. micro.hone monitor mo$se mo$se.ad ne's.a.er note!oo# novel .age .a.er .a.er cli. .en .encil .eriodical .hotoco.ier .rinter r$ler scanner scissors sender soft'are ty.e'riter 'aste!as#et

&r&ar dator karta m(kro*on mon(tor m"s m"smatta dagst(dn(ng anteckn(ngs&ok roman s(da .a..er gem .enna &lyerts.enna t(dskr(*t ko.(er(ngsmask(n skr(vare l(njal &(ldlsare sa4 sndare mj"kvara skr(vmask(n so.t"nna

leger(ng mss(ng m"rsten cement (n) kr(ta lera kol (n) &etong ko..ar kork glas (n) g"ld (n) jrn (n) &ly (n) lder (n)

a4e !oard chisel cord file g$n hammer hoe hoo# (fishing line (fishing nail net n$t .liers .lo'

y4a &rde (n) mejsel re. *(l gevr (n) $ammare $acka metkrok metrev s.(k nt (n) m"tter tng .log

lime mar!le merc$ry metal r$!!er silver steel stone tar tin 'ood CI. "raveling E =ir.ort arrival !aggage !order coach/ car com.artment connection c$stoms delay de.art$re engine entrance e4it g$ard information !$rea$ lavatory .assenger .ass.ort

kalk marmor kv(cks(lver (n) metall g"mm( (n) s(lver (n) stl (n) sten tjra tenn (n) tr (n)

rod (fishing sa' scissors scre' scre'driver s.ring string tool tool !o4 'ire 'rench

mest. (n) sg sa4 skr"v skr"vmejsel *jder snre (n) verktyg (n) verktygslda trd skr"vnyckel

ankomst &agage (n) grns vagn k".D *r&(ndelse t"ll *rdrjn(ng avresa lokomot(v (n) (ngng "tgng kond"ktr "..lysn(ngskontor (n) toalett .assagerare .ass (n)

.latform .orter railroad car rail'ay ret$rn tic#et seat slee.ing car station station master sto. s$itcase tic#et tic#et office time ta!le tr$n# visa 'aiting room

.latt*orm &rare jrnvgsvagn jrnvg &(ljett ret"r .lats sovvagn stat(on stat(ons(ns.ektor $alt ka..sck &(ljett &(ljettkontor (n) t(dta&ell ko**ert v(sa vntsal

CK. @onversational Phrases

DN. S'edish Provinces S'eden is divided into < landsA Norrland/ Svealand and GotalandH 'hich are divided into 5C smaller lands#a.. "hese are not .olitical divisions/ !$t they are $sed in everyday lang$age (s$ch as in 'eather re.orts . Norrland com.rises the KA G8stri#land/ Medel.ad/ Pngermanland/ H8lsingland/ 18mtland/ H8r7edalen/ M8ster!otten/ Norr!otten and Ra..land Svealand consists of DA the ca.ital region M8lardalen in the east/ 0oslagen to the north>east/ the former mining District Bergslagen in the center/ and Dalarna and M8rmland in the 'est.

G9taland has 1NA S Ble#inge S Boh$sl8n S Dalsland S Gotland S Halland S S#6ne S Sm6land S M8sterg9tland S Tland S Tsterg9tland