ELECTRONICES COMMERCE

A. Definition Electronices Commerce

Business conducted through the use of computers, telephones, fax machines barsode readers, credit cards, automated teller machines(ATM) or other electronic appliances (whether or not using the internet) without the exchange of paper-based documents. It includes activites such as procurement, orderentry, transaction processing, payment, authentication and non-repudation, inventory control, order fulfillment, and customer support. When a buyer pays with a bank card swiped through a magneticstripe-reader, he or she is participating in e-commerce.

Electronic commerce or e-commerce (English: Electroniccommerce, as well as ecommerce) is distributing, purchasing,sales, marketing goods and services over

electronic systems such as internet atautelevisi, www, or network komputerlainnya.Ecommerce can automated involve electronic funds transfer, electronic data interchange,

inventory management systems, andautomated data collection systems. Information technology industry saw e-commerce activities as the application and implementation of e-business (e-business) relating to commercial transactions, funds transfer, SCM (supply chain management), such as electronic

e-marketing (e-marketing),

or onlinemarketing (online marketing), online transaction processing (onlinetransaction

processing), electronic data interchange (electronic data interchange / EDI), etc.. Ecommerce or e-commerce is business more broadly, not part of just the e-business, where thescope of e-

commercial but

alsopengkolaborasian include

business partners, customer service, etc.jobs. In addition to networking technologies www, e-commerce alsorequires a database technology, e-mail or electronic mail (email), and the form of non-computer technologyas well as other delivery systems, and tools for e-commerce payment this. E-Commerce is a dynamic set of technology, applications, and business process that link enterprises, consumers, and communities through electronic transactions and electronic exchange of goods, services, and information. (David Baum).

B. History Of Development Electronic Commerce The term "electronic commerce" has

changed over commerce meant the transactions,

time. Originally,electronic utilization as of commercial the use documents

such

of EDI to send commercial

like purchase orders or invoices electronically. E-commerce was first introduced in 1994 at the first-electronicbanner used for of promotion and page (website). many journalists predicted that the purpose

advertising on awebe-commercewill become a new

economic sector. However, only about four yearslater secure protocols like HTTPS entering a mature stage and is widely used. Between 1998 and 2000 many

businesses in the U.S.and Europe to develop this trade website. According to ForresterResearch, electronic commerce generated sales worth U.S. $ 12.2billion in 2003. According to another report in October 2006 the last, online retail revenues in non-travel in Amerika States is forecast toreach a quarter of a trillion U.S. dollars in 2011.

C. Key Success Factors In E-Commerce an e-commerce company can survive not only the strength of the product, but with the management team of reliable, timely delivery,good service, good

business organizational structure, networkinfrastructure and security, good

web site

design, several factorswhich include: Provide a competitive price Provide purchasing services responsive, fast, and friendly. Provide information on goods and services that are comprehensive and clear. Provides a lot of bonuses such as coupons, special offers anddiscounts. Giving special attention such as the proposed purchase.

Provide a sense of community for discussion, input from customers,and others. Facilitate the trading activities

D. Loss Of E-Commerce a) Loss for the consumer, among others: 1. Feeling less satisfied with the physical goods 2. Lost confidence in the goods ordered 3. Culture that recreational shopping b) Losses for the producers, among others 1. Damage to the system suddenly 2. Damage from the ISP c) Risk in e-Commerce, among others: 1. Direct financial loss Changes in financial data is done by people who do not responsible by transferring them illegally. 2. Theft of confidential information Opening up important data are kept

confidential,so Known to others that resulted in losses for institutions the store. 3. Lost business opportunities due to disruption of service Due to a broken system or a sudden power failurethat resulting in loss of business

opportunities withinthe can not be predicted. 4. The sources access by unauthorized a hacker who managed to break

into a system banks can then freely move the balance a certain amount of personal kerekening. 5. The loss of consumer confidence Others attempt to slander the reputation of the company, so that the services to be wrong and messed upthe result in loss of consumer confidence. 6. Losses are not unexpected Other disturbances from the outside of thebusiness transactions doing so confirm the transaction were not were well received.

E. Categories Of E-Commerce Various e-commerce categories, namely: 1) E-commerce to Consumer (B2C). E-commerce in the form of this kind, the companymust develop attractiveelectronic Market places to sell various products and services to its customers. For example, many the company offers eBusiness

commerce web sites that provides a virtual display and multimedia catalog, Interactive order processing, secure

paymentsystem, and online customer support. 2) E-commerce Business to Business (B2B). Categories of e-commerce involves the e-business and direct market relationships between firms. For example, many company offers a secure web site contains acatalog ecommerce through the internet and extranet for customers through the internet and extranet for customers of the company and its suppliers. 3) E-commerce Consumer to Consumer (C2C). The success of online auctions, where customers and companies can Buy

and sell to each others in the process of web auction sites, make a C2C, ecommerce business of strategic importance.Thus, participating or the customer or the company sponsoring the auction is alternative e-commerce are important for B2C,C2B, or B2B Electronic Electronic personal ads of products or services to buy or sold by the customer in an electronic newspaper sites, newspaper sites, customer e-commerce portal, or a personal website also is a form of C2C ecommerce is more important.

F. Payment Processing, Electronics Commerce 1) Electronic payment processing Payments for goods and services purchased is a series of real

and important processes in e-commerce transactions. But the payment process is not simple, because the electronic properties almost anonymous

transactions occur betweenthe various systems computer network of buyers and

sellers as

well

asmany security issues of the

involved. The

payment

process is of debit and

alsocomplicated because

many

alternative types

credit and financial institutions and intermediaries that are part of the process. 2) Web payment process Most e-commerce system dibisnis involved in the card paymentprocess web and B2C customers systems that B2Be-

rely on the

credit. However, many

commerce depends on the payment process more complicated by on the use of purchase orders. 3) Electronic funds transfer systems (electronic fundtransfer-EFT) is a common form of electronic payment in the industry banking and retail. EFT uses a variety of ITsystems to capture and process money and credit between banks companies and their customers. For example,network bank teller

terminal support at all bank branches and ATMs at various locations around the world Secure electronic payment card information When making highly vulnerable a purchase online in to the credit of the

the internet,the

network sniffer, software that can easily recognize the format of the card number credit. Some basic security tools that are used to overcome this problem, is a) Encryption (code and merchants. b) Encryption of data passed between the customer and the transaction randomization) databetween the customer and

credit card authorization company. c) Retrieve sensitive information offline.

Trends

in e-commerce applications

E-

commerce applications at many

companies

have gone throughseveral The main stages in line with the business more mature e-commerce in world. For the

example, e-

commerce between companieswith customer (B2C) to move from simply offering information corporate web site, a product and service multimedia on the company's site

offerings through our

displays web catalog electronic and online sales transactions.

G. Type - Type Of E-Commerce Market 1) One to many : The market sale. Run one to a large supplier, which establishes the product catalog offerings and prices. For example, Cisco.com and Dell. com. 2) Many to one : The purchase market. attract many customers who crowded the place is for sale bid for business from large buyers such as GE or AT & T. 3) Some of the many: the distribution market. Combining the large

suppliers who combine catalog of their products to attract more buyers. For example, VerticalNet and Works.com 4) Many of the several (many to some): Market procurement. Combining the

buyers market that combines catalog of their purchase to attract more suppliers and more competition and lower prices For example, Covisint in the automotive industry and Pantellos in industrial workforce

Clicks and Bricks in e-commerce know that success will come to who can execute the (both companies have a

Companies anyone

strategy Clicks and bricks real), which bridges

the real world with the world virtual store and shop virtual. Different companies will have to follow the path very different to decide how close or far integration of their Internet businesses with their traditionaloperations.