TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Definition and Prob e! "tate!ent 1.# Potentia Prob e!

$ and "o %tion$ 1.& Literat%re Re'ie( 1.) De$i*n Conce+t 1., De$i*n -%$tification #.0 PRO-ECT PLANNING #.1 Ta$. Li$tin* Di$trib%tion #.# Lo*ic of "e/%ence of Ta$. #.& Fea$ibi it0 of P an &.0 4ET5ODOLOG6 &.1 4ateria and De$cri+tion &.# "%itab e Too and "oft(are ).0 DATA GAT5ERING ).1 F%nda!enta En*ineerin* Conce+t$ and Ca c% ation$ ).# 8a idit0 and "%itabi it0 of Data ,.0 ECONO4ICAL AND BU"INE"" CON"IDERATION ,.1 Ca+ita Co$t ,.# O+erationa Co$t ,.& B%$ine$$ Con$ideration ,.) A ternati'e in 4ateria 1.0 CONCLU"ION

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1.0 1.1

INTRODUCTION

Project Definition and Prob e! "tate!ent

In 1879 Thomas Alva Edison developed a long-lasting practical incandescent light bulb, the only well-developed advancement in lighting technology is the compact luorescent lamp! Although both o these arti icial lightings have made ma"or contributions in human civili#ation, they have a ew setbac$s which needs to be ta$en into account! %ompact luorescent lamps are ound to contain small amount o ha#ardous mercury which can cause to&icity, have more obvious lic$ering problems and sensitive in low temperature condition which impractical or outdoor lighting! 'eanwhile, incandescent light bulbs produce large amount o heat as by-product which can cause burns, relatively short li e span which may re(uire re(uent replacement and more prone to ailure in high vibration environment! )ut the ma"or setbac$ o both lamps is that they are *wasting+ large amount o electrical energy daily! According to the ,e erence case pro"ection rom the International Energy -utloo$ ./1/ 0IE-./1/1, released on .2th 'ay ./1/ by the 34 Energy In ormation Administration 0EIA1, world net electricity generation is pro"ected to increase by 875, rom 18!8 trillion $6h in .//7 to 72!. trillion $6h in ./72! This is mainly caused by the less energy-e iciency lightings, not considering people who actually wasting the energy by letting the lamps always switched on! 'ost people nowadays used massive electrical energy to light up the whole house!Instead o increasing the electric usage and later will burden the consumers with high electric+s bill, why don+t we use the natural lighting, which is the sunlight8 -ur problems are how to channel the sunlight into a room o a building and enlighten the whole space! There ore, to solve this problem, we are eagerly searching a method to utili#e the clean energy source to improve our (uality o li e! This is also one o the plans on how to support 'alaysia as one o the best green countries, and what we can do towards it is minimi#ing the usage o this $ind o energy when there is no sunlight such as at night or when it is raining! 4o, we come out with the solar ibre optic lighting system so that we can light up our house "ust using the heat rom the bla#ing sun and o course with low cost o production! Then during night period we used light emitting diode 09!E!:1 or bulb with the source rom solar charging circuit which stores the energy rom sunlight! ;rom researches, the advantages o ibre optic are< Location< 'ost ibre optics are approved indoor and outdoor use! It is 3= protected so it may be installed almost anywhere and has been tested at temperatures rom ->/ degrees %elsius to .// degrees %elsius!

Bri*9tne$$< ;ibre optic is 7!2 brighter than luorescent lamps as its brightness perception is dependent upon several actors such as color, bac$ground, contrast ratio, viewing angle and ambient light conditions! "tren*t9< ;ibre optic glows li$e neon along their length! The cable is virtually unbrea$able and is e&tremely energy e icient unli$e the neon or luorescent lamps! Potentia Prob e!$ and "o %tion$

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4ome problems have been encountered due to the constraints in running this pro"ect! There are the ma"or o problems aced during this pro"ect carried out< 1. A'ai abi it0 of co!+onent$ All the components have to be chosen care ully so that they can per orm e iciently! 'ost o the components cannot be ound in 3T?! @ence, the components that we need, we went to the respective supply shops to search or it by ourselves! Re$train of b%d*et The available ibre optic is (uite e&pensive in mar$et! To solve this matter, we save cost by borrowing things such as solar panel, electronics components and perspe&! Ti!e con$traint 6e only have 7 wee$s to complete the pro"ect as we are going to have mid semesters holiday and this will hinder us to get together during the brea$! The team consists o si& members which are rom all ields o engineering coursesA civil, mechanical, chemical, petroleum and electrical and electronics! Thus, it is di icult to gather all the members as we have di erent timetable! ;urthermore, the busyness some o the team members, ma$e the meeting time hard to be i&ed! ;ortunately, we still can ind ree time or all the team members to meet the supervisor! )y this time, there will be a discussion regarding to our pro"ect with the supervisor! There ore, every member should give their ull e ort and wor$ e iciently in order to inish up the wor$ per ectively! Ne( e:+o$%re This pro"ect gives a new e&posure to all team members! Thus, it will ta$e some time or team members to adapt new things especially in handling all parts or the design o the prototype! 4ec9anica joint$ ?ositions o the mechanical "oints are not very strong and stable as we used chloro orm to combine the perspe&! 4o, instead o using it, we try to use hot glue as it much stic$ier, stronger and ma$e it more stable!

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Literat%re Re'ie(

The main component that we use is ibre optics and it will unction as light distributor and collector! ;ibre optisc is typically a circular cross-section dielectric waveguide consisting o a dielectric material surrounded by another dielectric material with a lower re ractive inde&! They are most commonly made rom silica glass, however other glass materials are used or certain applications and plastic ibre optic can be used or short-distance applications! 6e select this material lighting because it o ers uni(ue le&ibility compared to conventional lighting as it can be installed in areas that not accessible to conventional lighting! ;or the house prototype, perspe& is used as the main building material! It is because perspe& is cheaper and lighter! 4o, that the pro"ect we going to have will be easy to move! )esides, we use mirror and re lective material to come out with the improved version o heliostat in order to optimi#e sun light collection and channeling it more e ectively towards the optic iber! 6e e&perimented this material in di erent angles and choose the most suitable angle or best result! In addition to protect or cover the heliostat during raining we create a simple but lawless rain-control system using motor and rain sensor! 4olar panel is used as a mean to charge the rechargeable batteries or the lighting system during night time by light emitting diode 09!E!:1 or 9= bulb! 1.) De$i*n Conce+t The main concept o our home lighting system is to ma&imi#e the usage o sunlight during the day through . important aspects! The irst one is to light up the home by collecting sunlight using heliostat which then directed toward the optic ibre! And the second one is by using sunlight to recharge the battery that will be used to light up the home during night! The whole power source is rom solar energy thus it+s really itted the concept o *green environment+! 4uggested conceptual design

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T-? =IE6 The eatures o each part o our home lighting design are listed below< Feat%re$ De$cri+tion @ome @eliostat -ptic ibre 4olar panel 9E:C bulb ,ain sensor ,ain %ontrol 4ystem 4upport )ar 'ade rom ?erspe& that lighter than aluminum and easy to handle etc to ma$e shape! ;i&ed at the top o home! %ollecting sunlight and directed it toward optic ibre! ;i&ed in the house! Act as a lighting medium to light up the house during the day and night ;i&ed at the top o home! 3se sunlight to recharge the battery! To light up the house during night! ;i&ed at the top o home! To detect the rain drop and activate the motor! ;i&ed at the top o home! :etect the rain drop and slider will cover the heliostat! ;i&ed at the top o home! To support the movement o the sliderCroo

1., De$i*n -%$tification ;or our design, we decide to use a simple one that is a home li$e a bo& yet still can support the heliostat, solar panel and rain control system! All these part need to be i&ed at the top o home as we want to ully ma&imi#e the usage o sunlight in our design! D

;or the heliostat, the design should be in some manner rom the aspect o side angle and position so that it can collect sunlight and directed it into the home using optic ibre! ;or the solar panel, it will be placed at top o home as we want to ma&imi#e sunlight collection! And or this part, we will either cover the solar panel using ?erspe& which visible to light or "ust placed it at home top without cover! The purpose is we want to avoid the solar panel rom corrosion! And or the rain control system, it also will be placed at top o home as we want to cover the heliostat! 6e ma$e the cover as simple as possible by sliding it using motor when the rain drop detected! Advantages and :isadvantages Advantages< 1! 6e use the solar energy as our power source thus it+s really environmental riendly and can save a lot o money by minimi#ing the usage o electricity! .! 6e use the ibre optics to light up the home which clearly much brighter than the penda lour light!

7! 6hen using sunlight to light up the home during the day, it also provide vitamin : to us without we reali#e it while compared to penda lour light, it+s certainly with time will give harm to us! :isadvantages< 1! 6e use ibre optics as our lighting medium! Thus, it a little bit e&pensive compared to penda lour light yet it still gives us a lot o bene it rom its usage! .! The solar panel by time will corrode and we need to replace it, yet it still last longer more than 2years and it save a lots o money than using the electricity!

#.0 PRO-ECT PLANNING #.1 Ta$. Li$tin* Di$trib%tion -rgani#ation %hart

?ro"ect :irector Abdullah 4o iy )in 'ansor

Assistant ?ro"ect :irector %alvin 9owrans

4ecretary F Electrical :epartment Anis 4ya irin )inti E#har

'aterial :epartment 'ohd @a i# A#mi )in 'ohamad

'echanical :epartment Abdul @alim )in Abdul @amid

Treasurer Amirah ,aihana )inti @aris ;ad#ilah

Tas$ :ivision ?osition ?ro"ect :irector

Eroup 'ember Abdullah 4o iy )in 'ansor

Assistant ?ro"ect :irector

%alvin 9owrans

4ecretary F Electrical :epartment

Anis 4ya irin )inti E#har

'aterial :epartment

'ohd @a i# A#mi )in 'ohamad

Tas$ :escription --rganising F%hairing meetings -?lanning wee$ly agenda -%oordinating all departments -@eliostat :esign :ivision -,esearch F :evelopment -Assist in ?lanning wee$ly agenda -?ro"ect Eoals F :irection -'onitor ?ro"ect progress -Tas$ :istribution to team members -@eliostat :esign Analysis -Geep records o all group activities -'inutes o meetings -Arrange Appointments -9ead the design and development o electrical Felectronic components o pro"ect -9!E!: F ;ibre -ptics integrated lighting system! -Electronic 4witch and solar power supply -'aterial 4election -:esign the layout and process o prototype -:eal with composition o material used -?rototype E&terior -?ro"ect ?ublication 8

'echanical :epartment

Abdul @alim )in Abdul @amid

-9ogistics - icer -:esign F :evelop mechanical aspects o pro"ect -:esign the layout and process o prototype -,ain %ontrol mechanism -7: :esign F Analysis o prototype -'anage the pro"ect accounts -Estimate the pro"ect budgets -,esearch on the strength F suitability o material used -Assist in material selection -9ight -ptimisation material design

Treasurer

Amirah ,aihana )inti @aris ;ad#ilah

#.# Lo*ic of "e/%ence of Ta$. :esign and ;abrication

?resentation and :ocumentation

#.& Fea$ibi it0 of P an A ter completing the proposal, our ne&t ocus is to complete the prototype and ensure it is lawless! In these 7 wee$s, each o the team members had done their wor$ according to our plan rom the proposal submitted to our supervisor, 'r 'ubara$! In order to elaborate more into easibility studies, we have to consider rom our main aspects which are schedule, operational, technical and economic! -verall, the schedule and economic part is under control! 4o iy and %alvin who are in charge or the heliostat manage to come up with the dra t prototype o heliostat base made up o mirror and polystyrene "ust to ensure it is wor$ing to re lect the light toward the parabola! It is very important to ensure the angle is correct and enable the light to be re lected correctly! Be&t step, the polystyrene must be replaced with perspe& to ensure it is durable enough to support the mirror weight! ,aihana the treasurer manage to ensure our team spendings is based on our budget planning! 4he also came out with the re lective material or the parabola! The re lective material must be as good as a mirror but it must be le&ible at the same time in order to ollow the shape o the parabola! @alim came out with the 7: design o our prototype and manage to clari y the true location o prototype elements and its dimension! @e also managed to incorporate the rain sensor mechanism to the heliostat and using gear and motor as the basic elements! @a i# on the other hand managed to decide the suitable material or the prototype and he choose perspe& as the main composition o the prototype! @e also cut the perspe& according to the correct dimension and binds them using chloro orm! Anis has done a great wor$ with the circuit by integrating the solar panel, the batteries, lighting sources and the rain control mechanism rom @alim+s part! -verall, we only need to integrate all o this part into one! The ne&t ocus o easibility is or operational and technical part! 6e must complete the prototype as soon as possible and ensure it is wor$ing e iciently! ;or the operational easibility, we must ensure the light can be re lected into the optic ibre and it is at its ma&imum amount! This is to ma$e sure the lighting system is as e icient as the current one! -n technical part, the rain control mechanism must be able to wor$ consistently and the solar panel must be able to charge the batteries and light up the 9E:! In this coming . wee$s, we e&pect a complete lawless prototype!

&.0 4ET5ODOLOG6 1/

&.1 4ateria and De$cri+tion The main materials that will be used to build our .1st %entury 9ighting 4ystem are as ollow< NO 4ATERIAL DE"CRIPTION 1 -ptical iber 'ain part o our model, as a guide or the collected light rom the heliostat to travel into the house model # 'irror 3sed as the base o our heliostat which re lect light to the parabolic sur ace & Alumini#ed-plastic ilm To wrap the parabolic sur ace, shaped by the wrapper porcelainCclay and a small saucer ) ?erspe& To build the house model &.# "%itab e Too and "oft(are Tools and so tware are used or designing and documentation o the pro"ect! 3p until this point our group has been using ew tools and so tware to complete this pro"ect which is< NO TOOL" DE"CRIPTION 1 :rawing Tools < ?encil, These tools are used or s$etching the early design ?aper, Eraser, ,uler and the development o the design! # ?erspe& %utter 3sed to cut the perspe& into the planned design & 6elding E(uipment 3sed to attach the electrical component in the circuit

NO "OFT;ARE 1 'icroso t 6ord # Auto%A:

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?arabolic :iameter %alculator

DE"CRIPTION The so tware is used to record all data regarding the pro"ect as well as the documentations! %A: will assist in technical drawing o a model or a more detailed design! 3nli$e using drawing pencil, %A: will give a more accuracy to the dimensions! It also assists in stimulating the real model loo$ li$e! To determine the diameter o the parabolic needed to be shaped to re lect the light into the optical iber, with accurate calculation!

As the pro"ect progressed and developed, more tools and so tware are to be used to complete the pro"ect! In continuation rom be ore, the tools and so tware that we plan to use are< NO TOOL" DE"CRIPTION 1 Electric :riller 3sed or drilling holes at the perspe&! # Hoining E(uipment < ;asteners, @ot 6ill be used in the process to attach glue gun, Tapes components and parts & ?aint brush C 4pray paint To decorate the house model

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NO "OFT;ARE 1 'icroso t ?ower ?oint # Auto%A: & 'icroso t E&cel

DE"CRIPTION The so tware is used to prepare or the presentation at the end o the pro"ect! The continuation o technical drawing rom be ore! This so tware will assist in calculation!

).0 DATA GAT5ERING ).1 F%nda!enta En*ineerin* Conce+t$ and Ca c% ation$ This ;ibre optics lighting system which integrates the concept application o a heliostat and ibre optics0sidelight and e&tension endglow1, is designed by using basic science and engineering concept o light re lection! )oth the heliostat and ibre optics uses light re lection in its operating concepts! )y understanding this concept we manage to design a heliostat that channels light to a parabola which in turns converges light to a desired ocal point! 6herelse, the ibre optics which is well $nown or its 1//5 internal re lection and transmission is used and also viable to be the ne&t substitute or the luorescent lamp! :uring designing the heliostat we used several methods or determining and calculating the angle o re lection! -ne o the methods was trial and error whereby we position the mirror0main component o the heliostat1 at several appro&imated angles, a beam o light was directed vertically towards the mirror0which is placed at the appro&imated angle1 depicting the light rays rom the sun, the result or the position o the re lected ray is observed! At the end we pic$ed an angle which re lects light into the parabola radius which is 2cm rom a center point o the parabola! This e&periment was done by $eeping constant the height o the parabola and direction o the directed beam o light! A ter obtaining the result were as below< @eliostat 3pper ?ortion 9!8> 1 cm D!.2 ;ormula 3sed< 6hereby< :I depth o the parabola dIdiameter o the parabola I ocal length

%alculated parabola dimension

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@eliostat 9ower ?ortion 4ideview 11!/

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>!D cm

-ther than that, engineering application is used in constructing the ,ain-%ontrol mechanism, whereby an auto detecting and operating roo is constructed to protect the heliostat rom rain! This mechanism inculcates the electrical and mechanical engineering element into our pro"ect! A moist sensor is used to detect waterCrain droplets which the closes the circuits and allows the motor to rotate the roo in, here the roo is a s(uare perspe& with mounted sides is i&ed to a gear and mounted to the rotating motor gear ).# 8a idit0 and "%itabi it0 of Data ?roblems identi ied in this pro"ect include< Absence o sunlight during the nighttime! ;abrication o the designed parabola 'echanical and civil engineering $nowledge regarding construction, design and abrication will applied in constructing the house model! The initial stage detailed improvements, concept, and calculation up to this date is e&plained as above and uture improvements will be completed during the inal stage in the inal report ,.0 ECONO4ICAL AND BU"INE"" CON"IDERATION ,.1 Ca+ita Co$t The cost o a unit o our -ptical ;ibre lighting system prototype is appro&imately ,' .//!//! )elow is the cost brea$down or this prototype< ITE4" DI4EN"ION CO"T -ptical ibre /!2m ,' 2/!// ,ain sensor $its ,' 1/!// ,e lective materials 0/!Dm & /!>m1 & . ,' 7!// 'irrors /!7m & /!7m ,' ./!// @eliostat bowl /!1m 0diameter1 ,' 7!// 4olar panel /!./m & /!12m ,' >/!// Electronic items ,' 7!// 'echanical items 0e!g motor1 ,' 7!// Adhesive materials ,' 2!// ?erspe& /!D2m & /!>2m ,' >2!// :ecoration materials ,' 1/!// TOTAL R4#00.00

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,.# O+erationa Co$t -ur product operates basically without electricity! Thus there are no operational cost e&cept or maintenance and e&tra power supplies which only cause slight increase or the capital cost! ,.& B%$ine$$ Con$ideration In consideration o business, as our product is a scaled-down prototype, thus the cost or each original si#e unit will be much higher than the capital cost! ;or mar$et purposes, our product will re(uires high cost in term o setting up and materials, however, or a long term period, this product can be considered cost riendly as it re(uires no electricity supply e&cept or night time, so users will not have to pay or the electricity! In act, in order to suit this product to the current and uture technology, it is created and designed as an environmental riendly product, thus we believe that the demand or this product will be high! ,.) A ternati'e in 4ateria As can be seen rom the capital cost consideration, the cost or the solar panel and ?erspe& are (uite high, thus as an alternatives, we had re(uest the items rom the laboratory which really helps us in reducing the cost! ;or mar$et purpose, the ?erspe& will not be considered in the cost as it is only used as a material or prototype house! ;or mar$et purposes, the heliostat bowl and re lective materials will be replaced by orged metal which will result in better ocus o light! As we are currently, still in the phase o building o prototype, as a contingency plan, we will replace the heliostat with a lens i in case the heliostat is not unctioning properly! 1.0 CONCLU"ION ;or the conclusion, we believe we already complete D/ percent o the pro"ect! The only thing that we need to ocus is producing a lawless prototype! 6e have to ma$e sure the prototype is neat and durable at the same time consistently wor$ing! 4ome o the vital aspects o this pro"ect are the correct choice o side emitting optic iber, the e iciency o the heliostat to ocus the light, the consistency o rain control mechanism and the compatibility between solar panel, batteries, 9E: and motor to ma$e sure the whole system can wor$ per ectly!

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