A BTS in general has the following parts: Transceiver (TRX) Quite widely referred to as the driver receiver (DRX),

DRX are either in form of single (sTRU), double(dTRU) or a composite double radio unit (DRU). It basicall y does transmission and reception of signals. It also does sending and reception of signals to and from higher network entities (like the base station controlle r in mobile telephony). Power amplifier (PA) Amplifies the signal from DRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrate d with DRX. Combiner Combines feeds from several DRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used. Duplexer For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and r eceiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna). Antenna This is the structure that lies underneath the BTS; it can be installed as it is or disguised in some way (Concealed cell sites). Alarm extension system Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to o perations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations. Control function Controls and manages the various units of BTS, including any software. On-the-sp ot configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control function. Baseband receiver unit (BBxx) Frequency hopping, signal DSP, etc. The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications. Land surveying[edit] In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at a n accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS receivers. This correction data allows propagation and other effects to be corrected out of the position data obtained by the mobile st ations, which gives greatly increased location precision and accuracy over the r esults obtained by uncorrected GPS receivers. Computer networking[edit] See also: Access point base station In the area of wireless computer networking, a base station is a radio receiver/ transmitter that serves as the hub of the local wireless network, and may also b e the gateway between a wired network and the wireless network. It typically con sists of a low-power transmitter and wireless router. Wireless communications[edit] In radio communications, a base station is a wireless communications station ins talled at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of one of the followi ng: a push-to-talk two-way radio system, or; a wireless telephone system such as cellular CDMA or GSM cell site. Terrestrial Trunked Radio Two-way radio[edit] Professional[edit] In professional two-way radio systems, a base station is used to maintain contac t with a dispatch fleet of hand-held or mobile radios, and/or to activate one-wa y paging receivers. The base station is one end of a communications link. The ot her end is a movable vehicle-mounted radio or walkie-talkie.[1] Examples of base station uses in two-way radio include the dispatch of tow trucks and taxicabs

Basic base station elements used in a remote-controlled installation. Selective calling options such as CTCSS are optional. Wireless telephone[edit] Wireless telephone differ from two-way radios in that: wireless telephones are circuit switched: the communications paths are set up by dialing at the start of a call and the path remains in place until one of the c allers hangs up. wireless telephones communicate with other telephones usually over the public sw itched telephone network. A wireless telephone base station communicates with a mobile or hand-held phone. For example, in a wireless telephone system, the signals from one or more mobil e telephones in an area are received at a nearby base station, which then connec ts the call to the land-line network. Other equipment is involved depending on t he system architecture. Mobile telephone provider networks, such as European GSM networks, may involve carrier, microwave radio, and switching facilities to con nect the call. In the case of a portable phone such as a US cordless phone, the connection is directly connected to a wired land line. carrier For multiplexing in electronics and signal processing, see Multiplexer. Multiple low data rate signals are multiplexed over a single high data rate link , then demultiplexed at the other end In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (sometimes abbreviated to muxing) is a method by which multiple analogue message signals or digital da ta streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. The aim is to shar e an expensive resource. For example, in telecommunications, several telephone c alls may be carried using one wire. Multiplexing originated in telegraphy in the 1870s, and is now widely applied in communications. In telephony, George Owen S quier is credited with the development of telephone carrier multiplexing in 1910 . The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel, which may be a physical transmission medium. The multiplexing divides the capacity of the hi gh-level communication channel into several low-level logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known a s demultiplexing, can extract the original channels on the receiver side. A device that performs the multiplexing is called a multiplexer (MUX), and a dev ice that performs the reverse process is called a demultiplexer (DEMUX). Inverse multiplexing (IMUX) has the opposite aim as multiplexing, namely to brea k one data stream into several streams, transfer them simultaneously over severa l communication channels, and recreate the original data stream. microwave radio Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or e nergy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in s mall numbers of centimetre; these are called microwaves. This part of the radio spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 gigahertz (GHz) to 30 GHz. The se correspond to wavelengths from 30 centimeters down to 1.0 cm Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, w hich can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microw ave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, a s lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency o f microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity ; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sigh t propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency rad io waves can.

Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication sy stems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep spac e radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for rad ars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.