Respiration 1.

A group of students built a model of the human respiratory system to investigate the mechanism of breathing in and breathing out.

Which of the following pairs is correct? A B C D Model of respiratory system .Balloon .Rubber sheet .Bell jar .Rubber sheet .Air space inside bell jar .Balloon .Rubber sheet .Balloon .Bell jar .Balloon .Air space inside bell jar .Rubber "heet Human respiratory system .Lungs . iaphragm .!horacic cavity . iaphragm .!horacic cavity .Lungs .Lungs . iaphragm .!horacic cavity .!horacic cavity .Rib cage . iaphragm (PMR 2004) #. !he diagram shows part of the human respiratory system.

What will happen when structure $ contracts and becomes flattened? A B % Air from outside enters the lungs !he rib cage goes down inwards !he volume of the thora$ cavity decreases Air pressure inside the thora$ cavity increases (PMR 2005)

&.

Which features help gas e$change between the alveolus and capillaries to ta'e place efficiently? $%ic&ness !hic' !hin !hic' !hin Al eolus !all Condition (oist (oist ry ry "um#er of #lood capillaries A few (any A few (any (PMR 200')

A B %

).

iagram 1* shows the passage of air through the human respiratory system while e$haling.

iagram 1* Which of following represents +, - and .?

A B % + !rachea Bronchioles Bronchus Bronchioles Bronchus !rachea !rachea Bronchus . Bronchioles Bronchus Bronchioles !rachea (PMR 200')

4.

!he following statements are about the transportation of o$ygen in the human body.

/0 1$yhaemoglobin brea's into o$ygen and hemoglobin L0 1$ygen diffuses through alveoli into the blood capillaries (0 1$ygen combines with hemoglobin to form o$yhaemoglobin 20 1$yhaemoglobin is transported to all parts of the body Which of the following is the correct se7uence of the transportation? A. B. % . . (, /, L, 2 /, L, (, 2 2, /, L, ( L, (, 2, / (PMR 200()

3.

iagram 14 shows the structure of human lungs.

5 6 R "

iagram 14 Which of the following is represented by 6, 5, R and "?

A B %

P Alveolus !rachea !rachea Alveolus

+ Bronchus Bronchus Alveolus Bronchiole

R !rachea Bronchiole Bronchiole !rachea

, Bronchiole Alveolus Bronchus Bronchus

8PMR 200))

9igure 1.1 shows a model of the lungs to study the human breathing mechanism. (PMR 2005)

9igure 1.1 8a: ;sing the model, e*plain the process of inhalation. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 8 # mar's: 8b: 9igure 1.# shows a model of the lungs and a human respiratory system. 1n 9igure 1.# dra! lines to match the parts of the model with the part of the human respiratory system 8 # mar's:

9igure 1.#

8c: 9igure 1.& shows the structure of some alveoli and blood capillaries.

9igure 1.& -*plain the transportation of o$ygen gas to the body cells, starting from the alveolus. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 8 & mar's:

8d: "mo'ing is dangerous to human health. ,tate one reason. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 8 1 mar':

iagram #.1 shows a human respiratory system. ( PMR 200')

iagram #.1 8a: ;sing the letters in diagram #.1 complete the diagram below to show the air flow during inhalation.

8 # mar's: 8b: .%at will happen to structure / during the process of e$halation? <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 8 1 mar':

8c:

iagram #.# shows a wor'er in a cement factory wearing a mas'.

iagram #.# .%at is the effect on the lungs of the wor'er if he neglects to wear the mas' while wor'ing? <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 8 1 mar': 8d: iagram #.& shows the structure of an alveolus.

Alveolus

Blood capillaries

iagram #.& !he process of gaseous e$change happens between the alveolus and the blood capillaries. 8i: "ame the gases involved. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 8# mar's: -*plain how this process can happen. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 81 mar':

8ii:

Respiration 6aper 1 1. #. &. ). 4. 3. B A B A B

6aper # 1. a: When the rubber sheet is pulled down, the pressure inside the bell jar decreases. Air from outside the bell jar decreases. Air from outside enter the ballons and the ballons inflates. b:

c: !he inhaled o$ygen ta'en into the alveolus wall diffuse into the blood capillaries. !he o$ygen will combine with the haemoglobin to form o$yhaemoglobin. which is carried to the heart from the lungs to the whole body. Later it decomposes to release o$ygen and diffuses into cells. d: "mo'ing can damage the lungs= "mo'ing can cause cancer.