IPG KAMPUS PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK KUALA LUMPUR PROGRAM PENSISWAZAHAN GURU (SAINS PENDIDIKAN RENDAH) SCE 3103 MENEROKA

BAHAN Latihan 2: Bahan api fosil 1. Bahan kimia manakah yang bukan hasil penyulingan minyak mentah? (A) (B) (C) (D) 2. Diesel Kerosin Bahan api jet Gas petroleum cecair

Pernyataan manakah tentang pecahan petroleum adalah benar? (A) (B) (C) (D) Pecahan bercampur dengan air Pecahan mendidih pada suhu tetap Molekul pecahan terdiri daripada hidrogen, karbon dan oksigen Pembakaran pecahan dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan air dan gas karbon dioksida

3.

Which of the following is the correct match between the pollutant produced by the usage of hydrocarbon fuel in vehicles and its effects on the environment? Pollutants Carbon monoxide Unburned hydrocarbon Oxides of nitrogen Sulphur dioxide Effect on environment Caused green house effect which leads to global warming In strong sunlight, it combines with nitrogen oxides to form photochemical smog Dissolve in rain water to form acid rain. Acid rain damages trees, buildings and destroys aquatic life Dissolve in rain water to form acid rain. Acid rain damage trees, buildings and destroys aquatic life

(A) (B) (C) (E)

4.

Larger hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum can be broken up into smaller molecules through the process of (A) (B) (C) (D) cracking fractioning separating Lubricating

5. Komponen dalam minyak mentah boleh diasingkan dengan penyulingan berperingkat kerana perbezaan (A) jisim pepejal

(B) (C) (D)

takat didih saiz molekul ketumpaan cecair

6. Table 1 shows air pollution index for cities P,Q,R and S. City P Q R S Air Pollution Index 48 107 308 436

Based on the table above which city do you think will sustain a healthy life style? (A) P (B) Q (C) R (D) S 7.. Which of the following statements are true about biodiesel? I. It is non-biodegradable II. It is made from soybean III. It is a lubricant and non-toxic IV. It reduces emissions of carbon dioxide V. It contains more aromatic hydrocarbons (A) I, II and III only (B) II, III and IV only (C) I, II, IV and V only (D) I, III, IV and V only

Rajah 4 8. Rajah 4 menunjukkan proses mengasingkan minyak mentah. . (a) Nama proses dalam Rajah 4. (b) Nama dua hasil yang didapati daripada proses ini.

(c) Bagi setiap hasil yang dinamakan dalam (b), tuliskan satu persamaan perkataan untuk sebatian apabila ia terbakar di udara. (d) Terangkan sifat-sifat berikut apabila molekul hasil penyulingan minyak mentah menjadi semakin lebih besar. (i) Kelikatan (ii) (iii) Warna Takat didih

(e) Cadangan dua cara untuk mengurangkan kuantiti bahan pencemar di alam sekitar yang disebabkan oleh pembakaran hasil minyak mentah. 8. Petrol is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum. One of the hydrocarbons present in petrol is octane, C8H18. (a) Write the equation for the complete combustion of octane. (b) One way of reducing knocking in car engine sis to use leaded petrol. Explain why a car using leaded petrol produces dangerous emissions. (c) In order to decrease the amount of pollutants in exhaust gases, catalytic converters are fixed to the exhaust system of vehicles. (iv) Name one substance used as a catalytic converter (v) Explain why vehicles which have been fitted with catalytic converters cannot use leaded petrol Fossil fuels are naturally occurring substances that provide us with convenience which is essential to modern life. (a) Why is petroleum called fossil fuel? (b) The figure below shows the layers of non-porous rocks that held together petroleum and natural gas. _______________________________________________________ _ _ _______ _ _ _ Sea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______________________________________________________ A B C

9.

Name the layers labelled A, B and C.

10. X Y

Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebahagian The figure above shows a part of a fractionating column used to refine petroleum into different fractions, X, Y and Z. (a) Name the process in the figure above. (b) What is the physical property used to separate the fractions in process (a)? (c) Comparing fractions X and Z, what difference (if any) is there in the following properties: (i) The size of their molecules (ii) The colour (iii) The boiling point (d) If fraction Y is kerosene, name one fraction that could be (i) fraction X and (ii) fraction Z. (e) The burning of fossil fuels gives rise to environmental issues. Give one example of the environmental issue. (f) Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resource and their supply is limited. One of the alternative sources of energy to replace the fossil fuels is biodiesel. (i) What is biodiesel? (ii) Give one advantage of using biodiesel.