INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE

A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. For example, modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.

Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose database management system (DBMS) is a software system designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2, LibreOffice Base and FileMaker Pro. A database is not generally portable across different DBMS, but different DBMSs can inter-operate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one database. TYPES OF DATABASE SOFTWARES 1-db2 2-Database master 3-asksam 4-abode robohelp 5-dataslave professional 6-file maker pro

7-MYSQL 8-Oracle 9-Microsoft Acesss MYSQL 1-All in one solutions[edit] As MySQL alone isn't enough to run a real database server, the more practical way to install it is to deploy an all in one pack in this purpose, including all the needed additional elements: Apache and PHP. 1.On Windows: XAMP, WAMP, or EasyPHP. 2.On Linux: XAMP or LAMP. 2-MySQL ships with many command line tools, from which the main interface is 'mysql' client.[19][20] Third-parties have also developed tools to manage, optimize, monitor and backup a MySQL server, some listed below. All these tools work on *NIX type operating systems, and some of them also on Windows. 3-MySQL works on many system platforms, including AIX, BSDi, FreeBSD, HP-UX, eComStation, i5/OS, IRIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, OS/2 Warp, QNX, Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Sanos and Tru64. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS also exists.[32] File maker pro

1-FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface, allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms. Current versions are: FileMaker Pro 12, FileMaker Pro Advanced 12, FileMaker Server 12, FileMaker Server Advanced 12, and FileMaker Go 12 for iPhone and iPad. 2-FileMaker evolved from a DOS application, but was then developed primarily for the Apple Macintosh. Since 1992 it has been available for Microsoft Windows as well as Mac OS/OS X, and can be used in a cross-platform environment. FileMaker server briefly ran on Linux, but Linux support was abandoned with FileMaker 7, and the server currently runs only on Windows or OS X servers. It is available in desktop, server, iOS and web-delivery configurations. 3-FileMaker Pro and FileMaker Pro Advanced include scripting capabilities and a variety of built-in functions for automation of common tasks and complex calculations. Numerous steps are available for navigation, conditional execution of script steps, editing records, and other utilities. ORACLE The Oracle RDBMS stores data logically in the form of tablespaces and physically in the form of data files ("datafiles").[6] Tablespaces can contain various types of memory segments, such as Data Segments, Index Segments, etc. Segments in turn comprise one or more extents. Extents comprise groups of contiguous data blocks. Data blocks form the basic units of data storage. Newer versions of the database can also include a partitioning feature: this allows the partitioning of tables based on different set

of keys. Specific partitions can then be easily added or dropped to help manage large data sets. Oracle database management tracks its computer data storage with the help of information stored in the SYSTEM tablespace. The SYSTEM tablespace contains the data dictionaryand often (by default) indexes and clusters. A data dictionary consists of a special collection of tables that contains information about all user-objects in the database. Since version 8i, the Oracle RDBMS also supports "locally managed" tablespaces which can store space management information in bitmaps in their own headers rather than in the SYSTEM tablespace (as happens with the default "dictionarymanaged" tablespaces). Version 10g and later introduced the SYSAUX tablespace which contains some of the tables formerly stored in the SYSTEM tablespace. Oracle databases control simultaneous access to data resources with locks (alternatively documented as "enqueues").[34] The databases also utilize "latches" - low-level serialization mechanisms to protect shared data structures in the System Global Area.[35] Oracle Corporation provides database developers with tools and mechanisms for producing internationalized database applications: referred to internally as "Globalization". ASKSAM askSam requires no predefined structure or field lengths. askSam is easy to use. You can search without learning a query language. You can create reports without programming. askSam is flexible. You can combine both free-form and fielded information in the database.

Collect Information from Anywhere -You are now able to access more information than ever before - on the Internet, via email, on CD-ROMS, or in files on your hard drive. askSam lets you turn this information into searchable databases.

You can type information directly into askSam, or you can import information from a wide variety of sources including: Adobe PDF Files Text files RTF files HTML files Word processing documents (Microsoft Word and WordPerfect) Email messages (Microsoft Outlook, Eudora, PocoMail, Netscape etc.) Databases (Microsoft Access, dBASE, Paradox, ODBC) Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel) Comma-delimited, Tab-delimited, and Fixed-position data askSam can also import documents scanned using an OCR application. Turn Texts into Databases -askSam's Automatic Field Recognition enables you to turn information into an instant database. askSam can automatically identify words that provide structure in your information and use these words as fields. For example, email messages often contains words like "To:", "From:", "Date:", and "Subject:" askSam lets you automatically use these words as fields.

You can search, sort, and even create reports using these words as fields. Save Web Pages Directly into askSam -askSam lets you save Web pages directly from your Internet Explorer browser into a searchable database. askSam makes it simple to add Web information into your databases - just right click on a page, choose "Save Web Page to askSam" and select your database. Permanent, searchable web page archive Save complete Web pages - graphics, frames, & formats Integrates with Internet Explorer Add notes, comments, & keywords Organise pages with folders & sub-folders Save pages into an Entry Form Save single pages, entire Web sites, or selected="selected" sections Dataslave Professional DataSlave, managing data import, data export, data validation and data transformation of your vital databases. Sort your data problems in minutes. "The most exciting product to appear in marketing communications for years." NetProxy, a secure, reliable and highly cost-effective method of providing audited Internet access to your users. Software designed for business by business people. Baycastle Services:

Development services, providing you with access to the team that built the DataSlave product. We can build input / export functionality for your application using our comprehensive Library of software and our considerable experience and skills. Don't re-invent the wheel use one of ours. Professional services, providing you with a technical audit of IT Infrastructure, applications and systems. If you are about to deploy a mission-critical application let us carry out a full Review on your behalf. Build your IT strategy with confidence. Db2 DB2 can be administered from either the command-line or a GUI. The command-line interface requires more knowledge of the product but can be more easily scripted and automated. The GUI is a multiplatform Java client that contains a variety of wizards suitable for novice users. DB2 supports both SQL and XQuery. DB2 has native implementation of XML data storage, where XML data is stored as XML (not as relational data or CLOB data) for faster access using XQuery. DB2 has APIs for REXX, PL/I, COBOL, RPG, FORTRAN, C++, C, Delphi, .NET CLI, Java, Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, and many other programming languages. DB2 also supports integration into the Eclipse and Visual Studio integrated development environments.

An important feature of DB2 computer programs is error handling. The SQL communications area (SQLCA) structure was once used exclusively within a DB2 program to return error information to the application program after every SQL statement was executed. The

primary, but not singularly useful, error diagnostic is held in the field SQLCODE within the SQLCA block.