Short Guide to Thermal Desktop

In Patran you usually start out by following the order of radio buttons, geometry, elements, Loads/B !s et", although you "an go in any order you like# $ou "an do the same in Thermal Desktop, although it may be easier to go in the following order %ust be"ause of the way TD is set up& TIP& If you are looking for something spe"ifi", use the sear"h feature in 'ord to find a term# (# Defining Materials and Radiation Groups )# Build Geometry using thermal surfaces, or simple solids *I would make sure you make lots of layers for ea"h type of thing you are in"luding in your model# Its hard to sele"t +types, of ob%e"ts in TD indi-idually# omple. solids are diffi"ult to do in TD# If you ha-e the time, you "an "reate indi-idual nodes and elements in )/D and then e.trude/re-ol-e into 0/D elements# If you do this make sure you "he"k the +delete planar elements, bo. to get rid of the )/D surfa"es whi"h may "ause problems when you try to sol-e# $ou "an also "reate 1uto 1D Surfa"es and then "on-ert them into 23!s# This is e.plained in the "reating Geometry se"tion#4 a# Create any Boundary Conditions or Loads *$ou do not need to "reate radiation B !s as will be e.plained# 5adiation is automati"ally taken "are of from any ob%e"t that has been assigned an opti"al property#4 0# Model Checks 6# Set up solution control and run solution 7# Post Processing 8# MISC !eatures of "utoC"D that are #seful to $no% a# 9iewing, Geometry si:e, and other Prefs# b# Layers "# ;odify ;enu d# ;odel Infrared or Solar <eat Lamps The rest of this do"ument will go through the abo-e steps in detail# (# D&!I'I'G M"(&RI"LS "'D R"DI"(I)' GR)#PS $ou may want to set up a template file to sa-e your -iewing preferen"es, whate-er they may be# 3-ery time you make a new file all -iewing settings will be reset to TD!s defaults# $ou "an also set up template files for your material properties, and re/ use those when you start a new model# Define your ;aterials& (# Thermal Thermophysical Properties Edit Property Data# 1 dialog bo. will appear# This is where you "reate your materials# Type a name for the material in the +=ew Property to 1dd, bo. *unlike Patran you may use spa"es, so don!t worry about unders"ores4# li"k add *note& do not press enter, this will sele"t the

ok button, the dialog bo. will "lose, and the material will not be "reated4# 2ill in the properties of the material *note& double "li"king in a te.t bo. will bring up the symbol manager form, but it will not highlight the number, whi"h is aggra-ating4# $ou may enter temperature dependent properties if you want by "li"king the +edit table, button ne.t to ea"h of the input bo.es *you also must sele"t the +>se Table, "he"k bo. ne.t to the button4# There is not a spreadsheet in this form, %ust enter your points separated by a "omma and press enter, i#e# ?,0#7 +enter, (?,6#7, et"# 1 graph will appear on the right hand side to gi-e you a -isual aid of what you are inputting, whi"h is ni"e# $ou may also sele"t isotropi" or anisotropi" in this dialog bo.# )# If there will be radiation in your model, Thermal Optical Properties Edit Property Data# In the +=ew Property To 1dd, bo., enter a name for your radiation property, you may enter the same name you did for a thermophysi"al property, so if you wanted to "all both steel you "an# @therwise you may "all it some kind of paint, or whate-er it will be# li"k the add button# This will again bring up properties for radiation, and again you may put temperature dependent properties by "li"king the edit table button ne.t to ea"h te.t bo.# 0# $ou may also want to "reate multiple radiation groups# This will allow you to ha-e some ob%e"ts that will not see radiation from another ob%e"t, or will not radiate to another ob%e"t# $ou "an "reate different groups by using the Thermal Radiation Analysis Groups "ommand# 1 detailed des"ription of how multiple groups are used "an be found in the Lamps se"tion of this report# * B#ILD +)#R M)D&L There are two ways to "reate your models& If you are making simple )/D ob%e"ts, like using shell elements in Patran, you "an "reate thermal surfa"es# If you wish to "reate "omple. 0/D solids, you will need to use finite elements# Both methods are des"ribed below >sing Thermal Surfa"es (# Sele"t the type of surfa"e you wish to "reate from the toolbar, or from Thermal Surfaces/Solids# )# TD surfa"es ha-e a spe"ifi" input for "reating them in your workspa"e# 3a"h ob%e"t has its own "oordinate frame, and you must align this frame with the global frame to "reate the ob%e"t# The following steps show how to "reate a sAuare or re"tangle& a# Pi"k the thermal re"tangle i"on on the toolbar b# The first prompt on the "ommand line is +@rigin Point, whi"h defines the first "orner of the re"tangle, pi"k one from the s"reen or enter it# $ou may supply only . and y "oordinates if you wish, you do not need to supply a : unless ne"essary# 'hat is shown in the B C bra"kets are the defaultD lea-ing the "ommand line blank and pressing enter will use this -alue# Press enter when you ha-e entered your point#

"# The ne.t prompt is +Point for E. 1.is and ./si:e,# This asks you to define the . a.is of the rectangle with respe"t to the global "oordinate system# By default, the . a.is is along an edge of the re"tangle, the y a.is is along the other edge, and the : a.is is normal to the surfa"e# If you wish the re"tangle to be in the ./y plane, and its . a.is to line up with the global . a.is, and your origin is at ?,?,?, you pi"k a point on this line, i#e# ),?,?# If you wish to use a displa"ement from your origin point, simply put an F in front of your point, so F),?,? will set the se"ond "orner ) in the positi-e global . dire"tion away from the origin point, and none in the other dire"tions# Press 3nter# d# The third prompt is +Point to set G$ plane and $/si:e,# <ere you enter a point for the third and final point of the re"tangle# 1gain you "an use the F sign for a displa"ement from the se"ond point# Press 3nter e# 'hen you press enter a dialog bo. will appear# $ou should go through ea"h tab to set up the thermal properties& i# Subdi-ision# This is where you enter the amount of nodes in your re"tangle *or other thermal ob%e"t4# entered nodes will put the nodes in the "enter of the elements# 3dge nodes will put them at the edges# $ou must use 3dge nodes if you are planning on ha-ing "ondu"tion between different surfa"es *use "entered nodes if you are planning on ha-ing a "onta"t resistan"e between ) surfa"es# In this way you "an assure that the nodes do not get merged4# $ou then enter the number of nodes you want in ea"h dire"tion# ii# =umbering# <ere is where you set the node ID!s# If you "hoose a start number, it will start numbering nodes at that number in in"rements of (# Be "areful, by default the start number is always ( whene-er you "reate a surfa"e# This is aggra-ating be"ause you will ha-e the same node numbers in different surfa"es unless you manually "hange the start number to be one more than the last node number in your pre-ious surfa"e# If you don!t "are bout spe"ifi" node number this is ok, you "an %ust renumber nodes before you run your analysis, or any time you like *e.plained later4# Sometimes you want a surfa"e to "ontain nodes of all the same number *when making heat lamps for e.ample4# The only way I know to do this is to use the list option instead of the start ID option, and input a list of the same number for howe-er many nodes are in your surfa"e# If there are a lot of them, you may want to "reate a list in 3."el or 'ord and paste it in# $ou "an ha-e the ba"k and front sides of the nodes labeled differently if you wish by un"he"king the +use same ID!s on both sides, bo.# iii# 5adiation# In this tab you set the radiation properties of the surfa"e# 2irst you need to assign this surfa"e to spe"ifi" radiation groups, this means basi"ally that the ob%e"t will be able to see radiation from these groups# By default, there is only one a-ailable model "alled B1S3# If you wanted to ha-e separate groups so that "ertain ob%e"ts do no radiate to ea"h other you "an do this by

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-i# -ii# -iii#

Thermal Radiation Analysis Groups <ere you "an "reate new groups or "opy "urrent groups *see the Lamps se"tion of this report for a "learer understanding of this4# Double "li"k on the 5adiation Group you would like to add the ob%e"t to# 1 dialog bo. appears allowing you to sele"t in whi"h dire"tions the surfa"e will radiate# +Top/@ut, will set radiation in the positi-e : dire"tion, +Bottom/In, will set it in the negati-e : dire"tion, Both does both, none does none, and +not in analysis group, is used if you do not want this ob%e"t to see radiation from this group# @n"e you ha-e sele"ted your radiating dire"tion, hit ok, and ne.t sele"t what opti"al property you want ea"h of the sides to ha-e# If you lea-e it as +Default, Thermal Desktop takes it to be a bla"k body# ond/ ap# In this tab you set your thermo/physi"al properties# Hust keep the +generate nodes and "ondu"tors, "he"ked, and make sure you are on +main, and +based on material property,# There is also an 1rithmeti" node option if you want :ero "apa"itan"e# In the material drop down list sele"t the material that you want# The thi"kness te.t bo. is used to input your surfa"es thi"kness# In some "ases you may not want "ondu"tion to take pla"e in a bodyD something that you don!t "are what its temperature distribution is, only that it radiates or absorbs radiation# In this "ase you "an un"he"k the +generate nodes and "ondu"tors, bo.# onta"t# This tab is used to make "onta"t resistan"es on your surfa"e# $ou "an make them on the top or bottom of the surfa"e, or along an edge# 5emember that for an edge, the . and y "oordinates are for the surface . and y "oordinates, whi"h may or may not "orrespond to the global "oordinates# Insulation# an be used to put ;ulti Layer Insulation *;LI4 on your surfa"e# Surfa"e# $ou "an resi:e the surfa"e if you wish Trans/5ot# $ou "an translate or rotate the surfa"e if you wish#

*=@T3& $ou "an get ba"k to this dialog bo. at any time# Sele"t the ob%e"t you wish to edit, and "li"k on the +edit thermal properties, I"on, or use Thermal Edit sometimes you will sele"t more than one type of ob%e"t *nodes and surfa"es for e.ample4, in this "ase a filter bo. will appearD sele"t whi"h type of ob%e"t you would like to edit *nodes or surfa"es44# f# The pre"eding steps are similar for all thermal surfa"esD they are "reated by setting up their "oord frame with respe"t to the global one, and then editing its thermal properties in the dialog bo. that appears# *this is why it is easier to input all your materials before you start drawing anything so that you don!t ha-e to "lose the dialog bo., "reate a material, and then use the edit "ommand to sele"t that material4# 0# 5enumber the nodes so that they are all indi-idual using Thermal odeling Tools Rese!uence "D#s# If you do not do this step, when you run the analysis it

will ask you if you want to reseAuen"e ID!s if it finds more than one with the same number# Sometimes you might want a surfa"e to ha-e nodes of the same number *see =umbering4# $ou will also need to use the Thermal $D/$E %et&or' erge (oincident %odes "ommand if you ha-e surfa"es with edge nodes that will be "ondu"ting to ea"h other# *=@T3& If you will be pla"ing thermal surfa"es ne.t to ea"h other that will be "ondu"ting to ea"h other, it is a good idea to make sure the nodes line up# If they do not, the nodes will not merge when you use the merge "ommand, and possibly only one node may be merged# 53;I=D35& you must use edge nodes for surfa"es that will be "ondu"ting to ea"h other with no "onta"t resistan"e4 reating 23 meshes It is easier to "reate a )/D mesh in Patran and import it into 1uto 1D as a =1ST51= mesh# But if you want to do it in TD& (# Draw "omple. )/D shape that you want using regular 1uto 1D geometry "ommands, shape must be broken down into shapes with 6 sides, and these sides must be indi-idual lines, but they do not ha-e to be straight lines# Pretty sure surfa"es must be "ongruent, if they are not then you must supply eAual . and y number of nodes in the ne.t few steps# )# Type surftab( and surftab) into the "ommand line to "hange the number of nodes in ea"h dire"tion *e.plained in 6#4 0# >se +edgesuf, and pi"k all four sides of a "losed surfa"e you would like to mesh# The first side you pi"k will ha-e the number of nodes inputted into surftab(, and the se"ond side you pi"k will ha-e the number of nodes inputted into surftab)# 6# In order to sele"t the same side for a new blo"k, you need to "reate a layer with only mesh, make it a"ti-e, and turn it off# This will put all the "reated mesh into this layer but they will not be -isible so that they don!t "o-er up the geometry# If you do not do this you "an!t sele"t geometry that has mesh on it# *probably another way but I!m not good with 1uto 1D "ommands, see Layers for help with layers4 7# @n"e all the grids are done use the Thermal $D/$E %et&or' (on)ert Auto(AD Surface To %ode Element and sele"t your entire model# Press enter and the standard thermal properties form will appear# This has "reated a 23 nodal network like Patran!s mesh "ommand does# 8# ;erge "oin"ident nodes using Thermal $D/$E %et&or' erge (oincident %odes# I# @n"e a )/D shape has been "reated in this manner, it may be e.truded to 0/D if needed using one of the +3.truded, options in the Thermal $D/$E %et&or' menu# J# 5enumber the nodes so that they are all indi-idual using Thermal odeling Tools Rese!uence "D#s# If you do not do this step, it should be ok, when you run the analysis it will ask you if you want to reseAuen"e ID!s if it finds more than one with the same number# Some times you might want a surfa"e to ha-e nodes of the same number *see =umbering4#

=ote& This pro"ess takes Auite some time to "omplete# $ou must remember how many nodes you put on ea"h side of ea"h 6 edge surfa"e you mesh# It is also a pain to keep turning the a"ti-e mesh layer off and on to see what you!-e drawn# To make it easier you "an import a =1ST51= or 1=S$S mesh# 53;3;B35& @n"e you ha-e "reated your geometry using either method, you should always use the merge "oin"ident nodes "ommand, and the reseAuen"e ID!s "ommand as des"ribed abo-e# It is not "riti"al to renumber ID!s be"ause it will ask you if you want to do this when you run the analysis, but it is a good idea if you ha-e a surfa"e that has a multiple nodes with the same number that you would like to keep that way# The reseAuen"e "ommand lets you sele"t only the surfa"es you want to reseAuen"e, while the option during the analysis run will reseAuen"e all nodes# 0# B)#'D"R+ C)'DI(I)'S "'D L)"DS This se"tion will des"ribe how to add B !s and Loads to your model one by one# 2i.ed temperature "ondition (# Sele"t the nodes whose temperatures you wish to fi.# )# li"k the 3dit thermal properties i"on or use 3dit under the thermal menu# 0# he"k the +@-erride al"ulations by surfa"es and 3lements, "he"k bo.# 6# The shadowed options will be"ome a-ailable# Sele"t +Boundary =ode, and then input the temperature you want into the +Initial Temperature, te.t bo.# This will keep the nodes fi.ed at that temperature throughout the analysis# <eat Loads (# Thermal $D/$E %odal %et&or' *eat loads on where you "an sele"t on surfaces, on nodes, or on solids# )# Sele"t whate-er it was you wanted to apply the load to# 0# 1 dialog bo. pops up, enter the -alue for the heat load, and "hoose whether you want it to be a flu., or absolute# $ou "an only use flu. on a surfa"e as there is no area asso"iated with a node# 6# li"k @K# 5ed arrows will appear indi"ating the dire"tion of the load and what it has been applied to# ondu"tion Hust a reminder hereD you must make sure that any surfa"es you wish to "ondu"t between are built with edge nodes# 1lso make sure you use the Thermal $D/$E %et&or' erge (oincident %odes "ommand before running your analysis, otherwise surfa"es will not be "onne"ted# $ou should -erify your element boundaries before starting a solution *see ne.t se"tion, ;odel he"ks4#

on-e"tion In order to "reate "on-e"tion, you must go through the following pro"edure# Depending on how many "on-e"tion "onne"tions you ha-e, the solution pro"edure "an be slow# on-e"tion seems to slow down the solution more than any other type of load or B # (# $ou must first "reate a fluid lumpD this is the same as "reating a fi.ed temperature node in patran for your "on-e"tion "ondition# $ou "an do this using the reate Lump i"on on the far left toolbar, or by Thermal $luid odeling +ump# )# =e.t, you must tie the lump to either the nodes or surfa"es you want to "on-e"t to# There are i"ons underneath the "reate lump i"on to tie to one of these two items# @r Thermal $luid odeling Tie to node/tie to surface# 0# =e.t you must edit the lump# Sele"t it and "li"k the thermal edit i"on# 3nter the fi.ed temperature you would like the fluid to posses# In the +Type, se"tion, sele"t the +Plenum *Boundary Infinite 9olume4, radio button# There are other options here but I!m not sure what they are for# $ou "an not "omplete this step before "ompleting step )# If you try to do so, 1uto 1D will say +no lumps sele"ted, when you try to sele"t the plenum lump# 6# =e.t "li"k on the nodal ties that are -isible, and "li"k the thermal edit button# The +Tie Generation Dire"tion, should be set to +node to lumps,# 3nter your heat transfer "oeffi"ient in the te.t bo.D you "an then "hoose absolute or per area# 5adiation 5adiation is not "ontrolled by adding a +"ondition,# 3-erything that you ga-e an opti"al property and a radiating dire"tion will radiate to e-erything in your model in"luding spa"e *as long as e-erything is in the same radiation analysis group4# $ou do ha-e to make sure, howe-er, that the 1"ti-e Sides of the ob%e"ts are fa"ing in the dire"tion that you want them to radiate# If they are not, they may be radiating the wrong way *see ne.t se"tion, ;odel he"ks4# There also may be "ases where the normals of elements of the same surfa"e are not in the same dire"tion *not likely unless you delete a parti"ular element then redraw it, or draw all your nodes and then "reate elements manually4# If this happens, you "an use Thermal $D/$E %et&or' Synchroni,e Element %ormals# li"k on the element that fa"es in the dire"tion you want all the elements to fa"e# =e.t sele"t all the elements you want to fa"e that way# Press enter# 6# M)D&L C,&C$S There are a number of options for "he"king your grid and surfa"esD I only use a few that may be helpful& (# Show 1"ti-e Surfa"es L This is the same as showing surfa"e normals in Patran# $ou "an either use "oloring or arrows# 'hen you want a surfa"e to radiate to another, you must make sure that their a"ti-e fa"es are pointing toward ea"h otherD it may be easier to see with arrows# To do this, use Thermal odel (hec's Acti)e sides Preferences This will allow you to "hoose either "olor "ode, or arrows# =e.t "hoose Thermal odel (hec's display acti)e sidesThis will show the arrows or "olors# Turn off Acti)e sides will hide them#

)# Show 2ree Boundaries# This is the same -erify/element/boundaries in Patran and will show you if you ha-e any "onne"ti-ity issues# This is under Thermal odel (hec's Sho& $ree Edges# $ou will ha-e to sele"t the surfa"es you want, or you "an type +all, in the "ommand line to sele"t e-erything# The free edges will be highlighted in red# 0# There are many other useful options under the odel (hec's menu# 7# S&((I'G #P "'D R#''I'G "' "'"L+SIS (# Thermal (ase Set anager This will bring up the ase ;anager, whi"h is the same as the 1nalysis radio button in Patran# )# The default "ase is ase ?# $ou "an add as many "ases as you like by "li"king the 1dd buttonD ea"h one will "ontain a spe"ifi" solution# $ou "an also spe"ify the names of the files that will be output# 0# @n"e you ha-e "reated your "ase, highlight the one you want to run in the list and sele"t the Properties button# Go through all the Tabs& a# 5adiation Tasks# Spe"ify whether you want to in"lude radiation in your model# If you do, sele"t the radiation group you want to make a"ti-e, "li"k the 1dd button, and then the Properties button# Go through the tabs in the dialog bo. that pops up& i# ontrol tab allows you to spe"ify how many rays you will be shooting as well as options that may speed up "al"ulations# $ou "an also spe"ify whi"h nodes in the radiation group to in"lude# ii# 1d-an"ed ontrol tab gi-es you more options for speeding up "al"ulations, and lamp modeling options# iii# 5adk @utput tab gi-es lets you rename the radiation output file names, and lets you "hange the spa"e node temperature# There is an option for outputting radiation as heat rates whi"h is used for modeling lamps# b# @n the right side of the 5adiation Tasks tab are options for the analysis# If rays ha-e already been "al"ulated, you "an use those for the analysis, "reate new ones, or "reate new ones and in"lude ones already "reated# "# S/2 al"ulations# <ere you set all your solution type properties# $ou "an rename the SI=D1 output files if you wish# $ou want to ha-e all the "he"k bo.es "he"ked on the left hand side# Pi"k either transient or steady state *if you are running steady state, make sure that you ha-e ? in both the start time and end time of the transient options, if you don!t, there will be a warning after your solution is "ompletedD it doesn!t affe"t anything, it is %ust annoying trying to figure out where it is "oming from4# In the on-ergen"e riteria se"tion, you will want to in"rease the ;a. iterations for steady state runs# If you don!t the routine will terminate after whate-er number is there e-en if it has not "on-erged *it will tell you if this is the "ase4# 2or transient, (??? seems to work ok, although a greater number may be more a""urate *solution time will in"rease greatly with higher numbers4# The ;a. Temperature hange and System 3nergy Le-el

Balan"e bo.es should be redu"ed for "ompli"ated models, espe"ially steady state runs# If you don!t redu"e them, your steady state solutions may not really be steady state, more energy will be entering then e.iting *it will gi-e you a warning if this is the "ase4# d# S/2 @utput# ontrol what you want to be output# Sele"t an output in"rement for time# $ou will only be able to -iew the solution at this time step inter-al for transient runs# If you are running steady state, you will want to put ? here# $ou "an "hange the name of the files that will be outputted, and below that, you "an "hange what data will be written in them# 6# Sele"t @K on this dialog bo.# he"k the +sa-e drawing before running, bo., and set the Dupli"ate =odes drop down bo. to +prompt if found,# This will allow you to renumber the nodes if you ha-e not already done so *in some "ases you may not want to renumber dupli"ate nodesD if this is the "ase, you "an set this drop down to allow, or simply "li"k the 1llow button when it notifies you4# 7# li"k 5un "ase# The solution will pro"eed, and when it is finished it will bring you dire"tly into post pro"essing mode at the first time step# *=@T3& you "an o-erwrite "ases by simply hitting 5un ase again with the same "ase highlightedD you don!t need to make a new "ase if you don!t want to sa-e what was in the last one4# 8# P)S( PR)C&SSI'G General Things 'hen you run things in metri" units, the post pro"essor shows e-erything in Kel-in# $ou "an "hange your units to elsius in the thermal preferen"es window# Transient Solutions (# ;o-ing through time# $ou "an go through time step by step by "li"king on the i"ons that looks like a "ontour bar and an arrow# It will go forward or ba"kward depending on the arrow dire"tion# $ou "an also sele"t a spe"ifi" time by "li"king the i"on dire"tly abo-e them that looks like a pen"il and a pie"e of paper# This will allow you to %ump to a spe"ifi" time step# )# 1nimation# $ou "an animate your results by "li"king the y"le Through Time i"on a few down from the time step i"ons, its at the bottom of that toolbar and looks like a "ontour bar ne.t to a "ir"le# I# MISC !&"(#R&S )! "#()C"D (,"( "R& #S&!#L () $')This se"tion "ontains information on features that will help with "reating, -isuali:ing, and analy:ing your model# 9iewing and other Preferen"es& (# Thermal Preferences#

a# >nits Tab# 'hen you first start 1uto 1D, it will ask you what units you want to input# If you "hoose SI by a""ident, and you entered e-erything in 3nglish, you "an use this tab to swit"h to 3nglish# The +Don!t S"ale ;odel to =ew Length >nits, if "he"ked will do this# If it is not "he"ked, the "omputer will assume you were inputting in SI units as you stated when you started, and it will "on-ert these numbers to 3nglish *whi"h is also ni"e if that is what you want to do4# b# Graphi"s 9isibility# <ere you "an sele"t what you wish to be -isible on the s"reen and what you don!t# "# Graphi"s Si:e# 9ery useful, it allows you to "hange the si:e of ob%e"ts displayed on the s"reen# $ou almost always want to do this for nodes be"ause TD displays them pretty large by default, and it makes the display "luttered# Layers >sing Layers is like using groups in Patran, layers in Pro/3ngineer, et"# It will allow you to only display "ertain things, whi"h is -ery useful# (# General Layer Preferen"es and tasks a# li"k on the format layer i"on, or $ormat +ayers b# In the window that pops up, you "an "reate or delete a layer, or make a layer "urrent by "li"king one of these buttons *you "an also double "li"k on a layer and that will make it "urrent4# The white window displays a list of all layers# The sun i"on toggles -isible/in-isible, the ne.t i"on free:es/unfree:es a layer *free:e means that the layer "annot be sele"ted or modified or regenerated, use this to speed up regenerations on "omple. models, otherwise it is not -ery useful4, the ne.t i"on lo"ks/unlo"ks a layer *will display the layer but you "annot edit it, although if a lo"ked layer is "urrent, you "an add new ob%e"ts to it4, and the last i"on sele"ts a "olor for ob%e"ts in a layer# =e.t to the lo"k i"on are options for line style and line weight that may be used to further edit the display of ob%e"ts in a layer# "# $ou sele"t a few of the abo-e options by using the layer drop down list on the upper tool bar ne.t to the format layers i"on# This is a Aui"k way to set the "urrent layer and turn layers on and off# )# 1dding @b%e"ts to layers and hanging an @b%e"ts Layer a# To add an ob%e"t to a layer, first "reate a layer, and make it "urrent# b# 1ny ob%e"t you now draw will belong to that layer# If you want to put a new ob%e"t in a new layer, "reate a new layer and make it "urrent# "# $ou "an "hange the layer a parti"ular ob%e"t is in by double "li"king on it# This will bring up an ob%e"t properties form, with one option being layer# Simply pi"k the layer you would like the ob%e"t to belong to by "hoosing one from the dropdown list# d# I don!t think you "an assign an ob%e"t to multiple layers# 0# TIPS for Layers

a# Start "reating layers from the beginning# It will make it easier in the long run espe"ially for "omple. models# 5emember, you "an always "hange the layer a "ertain ob%e"t is in# b# 'hen "ertain things are "reated, like making 23 models from 1uto 1D geometry *see reating 23 ;eshes, M64 it is hard to sele"t things that they were "reated on or o-er# To a-oid this, you may want to make a new layer, and set it as the "urrent but turn off its -isibility# By doing this, you "an "reate whate-er it is you want, but it will not be displayed# "# $ou "an "hange the "urrent layer while in the middle of an operation# $ou "annot use the dropdown list howe-er, and you must use the format layer i"on ne.t to it# ;odify ;enu The modify menu "ontains many useful tools for "opying, translating, rotating and anything else you may want to do to ob%e"ts, similar to the +Transform, a"tion in Patran# It also has options for geometry manipulation like trimming, e.tending, fillet, et"#, as well as "hange properties of ob%e"ts# ;odel Infrared or Solar <eat Lamps Thermal Desktop "an be used to model heating lamps "onsuming a known amount of power# This "an be -ery useful to "orrelate e.perimental data to simulations# The following is the step by step method used for setting up lamps# (# Draw your model first# =e.t draw the geometry for the heat lamps at the lo"ation you wish them to be# $ou "an draw them to look %ust like the lamps you used, and put many nodes, or you "an simply use a single node if you want to# ;aking this simplifi"ation is user dis"retion, but if you are using a long strip heater for e.ample, you will want to model nodes along the length, and not %ust a single node at the "enter# $ou also want to spe"ify the same node number for the nodes in the lamp# ;ake the ID!s large, so that they are not the same as any other node in you model# $ou "an do this under the =umbering tab in the thermal edit window# )# reate multiple radiation groups# The purpose of doing this is so that the ob%e"ts defined as the lamps will radiate to the other ob%e"ts in the model, but they will not absorb any radiation from those ob%e"ts# If you ha-e multiple lamps that you would like to radiate from, but you do not want them to absorb radiation from any other lamp, you need to "reate as many radiation groups as there are lamps *there will also be the B1S3 group whi"h is the default, and needed for the analysis, so you will ha-e number of lamps E ( groups really4# To do this, sele"t Thermal Radiation Analysis Groups, you may either "opy the e.isting group *B1S34 or "reate a new group# opying will keep all geometry in the group, adding will "reate a group that has no "urrent geometry in it# Say you ha-e one lamp and some model that it is radiating to# reate a radiation group "alled +lamp, *you "an "opy if you wish4 and hit @K# Sele"t the model geometry, and hit the thermal edit i"on# >nder the radiation tab, you will now see two groups in the +1nalysis Groups, se"tion, the B1S3 group, and the L1;P group# 2or the model

geometry, you want both of these two groups to be a"ti-e, meaning that it is radiating top/out, bottom/in, or both# 'hat this means is that the model will be able to +see, e-erything that is in the model, in"luding itself, so it will absorb radiation from the lamps and radiation from itself *it will do this a""ording to the dire"tion you pi"ked, top/out, et"4# =e.t sele"t the lamp geometry and "li"k the thermal edit button# In this "ase, you want the lamp to see only itself, and not the model# $ou must set the B1S3 model to +=ot in analysis group, using the edit button# This means no radiation from the model will be absorbed into the lamp# =ow it is "lear why you may want to make a radiation group for ea"h of the lamps in your modelD if you put them all in the same group, all lamps will see ea"h other and absorb radiation from ea"h other# I do not think that this is possible without separate lamp groupsD I tried doing multiple lamps with one group, and TD gi-es you an error message# 0# =ow that your radiation groups are all set up, open up the "ase manager# reate a new "ase set or use the default, and "li"k properties# >nder the 5adiation Tasks Tab, we will "reate a bun"h of tasks# In the 1nalysis Group drop down window, sele"t B1S3# li"k the 1DD button# 1 new task will appear in the abo-e window labeled as B1S3# Double "li"k on this task, or highlight it and "li"k the Properties button# This task will determine how e-erything in the B1S3 group will be "omputed and output# Lea-e e-erything in the "ontrol tab and ad-an"ed "ontrol tab as is# In the 5adk tab, enter the spa"e temperature you would like, then hit ok# =ow sele"t L1;P from the 1nalysis Group dropdown bo.# li"k the 1dd button, then double "li"k on the L1;P group that appears abo-e# In the "ontrol tab, "hange number of rays to (?,??? or (??,??? *"an be anything, your dis"retion, higher makes better "al"ulations4# >nder the 1d-an"ed ontrol Tab, make sure the infrared "he"k bo. is "he"ked for modeling I5 lamps, or solar is "he"ked for modeling Solar lamps# >nder the 5adk tab, enter the same spa"e temperature as you did in the B1S3 group# 1lso "he"k +@utput as heating rates,# li"k the edit button ne.t to this "he"k bo.# 3nter ;1I=#M, where M is the node ID of the nodes in the lamp in the +from node te.t bo.,# 3nter the power "onsumption of the lamp# hoose absolute *this will take the total wattage you gi-e and distribute it a"ross the area of the lamp surfa"e4 or flu. *watts/area4 and then hit ok# <it ok again# 5epeat this pro"ess for ea"h lamp group, ea"h time entering the spe"ifi" lamps node numbers into the @utput as heating rates dialog bo.# 6# $ou are now ready to run the analysis# Set the remaining "ondu"tion properties in the S/2 Tab as you like and run the "ase *it is a good idea to redu"e the default -alues in the on-ergen"e riteria se"tion of this tab for "ompli"ated solid modelsD e."ept for ;a. iterations whi"h you want to in"rease to maybe C7?,???4# 2or info on how to do this see the 1nalysis se"tion#