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AUCCWI COHPA&MI t>EL COLLETTIVO COHO*M$TI PRItWO/V/EK* W O T T A Si7TA / S<4SMrui htn\t*ii Lort*zo Calzpme, Anna Crfone, Davloie Fadoia, Luciano Faffn*. Stcfano ScarabAUc, CaltriMa Sptuto, A\*trtxmo\Jlro(U.
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CLASS

S T R U G G L E IS T H E M O T O R O F

HISTORY

1. T h e " B . R . Insurrezione" t r i a l , which took place during 1989, has taken on i t s o w n s p e c i f i c political importance. In deciding to hold it, the State intends to make of it the synthesis of its c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y initiative against the a r m e d s t r u g g l e of t h e Brigat/Se R o s s e . An o p e r a t i o n b a s ^ s } on t h e p a r t i c u l a r q u a l i t i e s of a legal d e v i c e c o n c e n t r a t i n g on a p o l i t i c a l c r i m e par e x c e l l e n c e s u c h a s "Insurrezione contro i poteri dello Stato (Insurrection against t h e p o w e r s of t h e S t a t e - e d i t o r s ) a n d s u p p o r t e d b y a s e r i e s of p o l i t i c a l / c u l t u r a l i n t e r v e n t i o n s w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n of p u t t i n g an e n d t o t w e n t y y e a r s of r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e in I t a l y . Actually, once it got s t a r t e d , the legal system set its s i g h t s on m u c h m o r e s h o r t - t e r m g o a l s . In t h e f i r s t p l a c e , it w a s a m e a n s of c e n t r a l i z i n g d i f f e r e n t cases against t h e Brigatjte R o s s e - PCC at t h e P r o c u r a Romana, r e d e f i n i n g t h e l e g a l s t r a t e g y on t h i s b a t t l e g r o u n d a n d b u i l d i n g a political/legal model of depoliticization of revolutionary confrontation which could then be applied to v a r i o u s t r i a l s in different Metropoles. It also meant a progressive h o m o g e n i z a t i o n of the prison treatment ( i s o l a t i o n in s e z i o n i s p e c i a l i of a r t i c l e 9 0 ) a n d an e x t e n s i o n of preventative detention for h u n d r e d s of i m p r i s o n e d act i v i s t s . The mere decision to observe this trial, almost ten y e a r s old now, shows the intention of t h e state to t u r n it into a political operation directed for the most part against the p r e s e n t p h a s e in t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e in Italy. S o t h e t r i a l is o r g a n i c a l l y l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e typmtkimmmv*fi-feand Secret Service's many anti-guerrilla maneuvers against the Brigatte Rosse - PCC a n d t h e t e r r a i n of a r m e d s t r u g g l e in I t a l y , and also m o r e g e n e r a l l y within the c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y scorched e a r t h p o l i c y of t h e v a r i o u s e n e m i e s of t h e p r o l e t a r i a n m o v e m e n t . A s at o t h e r t i m e s in t h e p a s t , t o m a k e the entire operation more efficient the state has made use of the destructive r e v i s i o n i s m of v a r i o u s e x - r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s . And so the treacherous t h e s i s of the exhaustion of an international revolutionary cycle (advance] by proponents of a "political solution'), as m u c h a s t h e t h e s i s of an a r m e d s t r u g g l e born to protect democracy from Golpist dangers in the early seventies (advanced by t h o s e in favor of " a m n e s t y " ) have both f o u n d t h e i r f o w n s p a c e in t h e o v e r a l l m a n a g e m e n t of t h e trial. T h i s all add*#%g f u r t h e r w e i g h t t o t h e g u i d i n g s i g n i f i c a n c e of t h e trial: to seriously deconstruct the political n a t u r e of the B r i g a t t e R o s s e fight over the past t w e n t y y e a r s . The acquittal;^ a sentence completely in line with the management of t h e entire trial, was meant to be a historical j u d g e m e n t : t o e s t a b l i s h t h a t a r m e d s t r u g g l e in t h e M e t r o p o l e s c a n neither take on the quality of a socially significant revolutionary m e c h a n i s m nor that of a politically victorious strategy. But no legal/political d e v i c e can do t h i s , n e i t h e r on the

l e v e l of s h o r t - t e r m p o l i t i c s , nor on a h i s t o r i c level. Actually, faced with living^and from now on s t a b l e 4 n a t u r e of the guerrillas within the class struggle within this country, the s t a g i n g of t h i s t r i a l h a s e n d e d u p c a u s i n g all t h e f e a r s of t h e Italian b o u r g e o i s i e to burst forth, and with a v e n g e a n c e . It is w o r t h w h i l e t o n o t e t h a t c o u n t e r i n s u r g e n c y s t r a t e g i s t s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a r e b u s y w o r k i n g o u t m e t h o d s of i n t e r v e n t i o n for the nineties (just look at the seminars that the Justice Department has organised this year in t h e USA with the participation of all the Western countries where clandestine fighters e x i s t ) . To a large degree they are basing their analytic m o d e l s on I t a l y , an advanced industrialized country where the g u e r r i l l a h a s s t r o n g r o o t s in t h e s o c i a l f a b r i c . T h e p o l i t i c a l fact t h a t n o t r i a l c o u l d r e m o v e for)m t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e in I t a l y is t h a t , m e a s u r e d t i m e and again against the r e a l c o n d i t i o n s of t h e s t r u g g l e , t h e g u e r r i l l a s of t h e Brigatte Rosse have made progress. T h i s is t h e r e a s o n w h y e v e r y a t t e m p t of t h e S t a t e t o u s e t h e " h i s t o r y of t h e Brigatjbe R o s s e " against the Brigatte R o s s e , or t h e p r i s o n e r s of t h e g u e r r i l l a , is d o o m e d t o f a i l . 2. The campaign of d e p o l i t i c i z a t i o n of t h e revolutionary s t r u g g l e which c o m e i t o the s u r f a c e t i m e and t i m e again around the " a r m e d s t r u g g l e t r i a l s " in I t a l y is from n o w on a c c o m p a n i e d b y and this is n o c o i n c i d e n c e - the hoopla about " t h e e n d of Commun i sm". This h o o p l a is n o t m e r e l y the celebration by which the b o u r g e o i s i e c o n c r e t e l y j u s t i f i e s its economic p e n e t r a t i o n and its i n t e n t i o n of d i r e c t e x p l o i t a t i o n of t h e E a s t e r n B l o c p r o l e t a r i a t . It is a l s o a preventative and defensive ideological model that the bourgeoisie uses to control the new contradictions implied by the driving force behind all t h o s e international developments. The degree of interdependence which for decades characterized the world capitalist economy h a s m a d e it s o t h a t the c r i s i s which had b e e n b r o u g h t a b o u t in t h e c e n t r a l a r e a s of the West has i n c r e a s i n g l y s p i l l e d over t o w a r d s t h e South and t h e Eastern Bloc, carried in p a r t by massive exportations of financial capital (so-called " l o a n s " ) . The effects of t h i s e x p a n s i o n of t h e c r i s i s a r e not only noticeable in t h e p r e s e n t t r a n s f o r m a t i o n in the relationships between the s t a t e s and the different factions of t h e b o u r g e o i s i e in t h e d i f f e r e n t political s y s t e m s . T h e r e is a much more important effect that is of concern to the imperialist bourgeoisie and which cannot be anything but central to communis^ the hidden push over the past decade towards the universal expansion of the of the proletarian/bourgeois c o n t r a d ict i o n . T h a t is n o t t o s a y t h a t o n e c a n a l r e a d y c a l l all t h e s o c i a l c o n f l i c t s in t h e East and S o u t h " p r o l e t a r i a n " . Nor is t h i s t o say that t h e p r o l e t a r i a n / b o u r g e o i s c o n t r a d i c t i o n is a l r e a d y t h e only one which can make sense of the present political t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s . W h a t t h i s d o e s m e a n is t h a t in all p a r t s of t h e w o r l d m o r e a n d m o r e m e n ( s i c ) find t h e m s e l v e s c o n f r o n t e d w i t h t h e new hard demands to give capital value, this increasing the

p o l a r i z a t i o n of c l a s s e s . As for t h e r e s t , t h e r e c e n t s e s s i o n s for t h e d e b t p a y m e n t s ( p r i n c i p a l l y from Latin American countries) as well as the emergency financial "aid" projects for the East are openly motivated by the need to prevent the explosion of social antagon isms. F a c e d w i t h a f r a m e w o r k of c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a s c o m p l e x a s t h e s e it w o u l d b e a fatal error to retreat and hide oneself in b o o k s . T h e r e a r e a l r e a d y p l e n t y of r e v i s i o n i s t s a n d o p p o r t u n i s t s w h o u s e this situation to send the working class new messages of power 1essness and confusion which are always helpful in maintaining the bourgeois social o r d e r . C o m m u n i s t s , on t h e o t h e r h a n d , p o i n t o u t w h i c h e l e m e n t s in this new framework can advance the revolutionary process and place them within the s t r a t e g y of t h e of t h e s t r u g g l e . In this way those now in t h e m o v e m e n t r e p r e s e n t the future of the m o v e m e n t . So it h a s b e e n for t h e communist movement since its b i r t h from t h e l e s s o n s that Marx and E n g e l s took from t h e @ / i s Commune experience and more obviously for Lenin and the B o l s h e v i k s in t h e first y e a r s of t h e c e n t u r y . T h e c o m m u n i s t i d e n t i t y is n o t d e f i n e d in t h e a b s t r a c t nor b y m e r e l y r e p e a t i n g s l o g a n s , b u t in t h e p r a c t i c a l w o r k of a f f i r m i n g t h e g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t s of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . W i t h i n t h e h i s t o r i c a l l y determined framework of contradctions it feeds off of the evolutionrt of the class s t r u g g l e . In t h i s w a y it establishes itself a ^ the r i g h t f u l h e i r of t h e communist revolution and at the sameftime e v o l v e s a n d makes the necessary breaks with the past. At the end of the sixties the reconstruction of the c o m m u n i s t i d e n t i t y in t h e W e s t e r n m e t r o p o l e s , s i z i n g i t s e l f up against those c o n t r a d i c t i o n s of capitalism which were defining the b e g i n n i n g of t h e c r i s i s , c a m e t o c h o o s e a r m e d s t r u g g l e a s an offensive strategy able to push to t h e f o r e t h e e n t i e r t y of the class struggle. As a break with insurrectional and Third Internationalist structurisation, this choice was linked with t h e e x p e r i e n c e s of the communists active in t h e anti-imperialist liberation s t r u g g l e s on the Three Continents and with t h e l e s s o n s of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, and constituted a general progress in t h e c o m m u n i s t i d e n t i t y . All of this had as its b a s i s an a w a r e n e s s of t h e g l o b a l d i m e n s i o n s of t h e confrontation with the i m p e r i a l i s t s y s t e m , a d e e p e n i n g of t h e c r i t i q u e of c a p i t a l i s m , of its a b i l i t y t o subsume social relationships and of t h e many different forms of p o l i t i c a l d o m i n a t i o n . L a s t l y , it w a s r e l a t e d to the i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of i t s c o n t r o l m e c h a n i s m s and absorbtion of c l a s s c o n f l i c t . A practical critique united the most advanced section of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t in t h e M e t r o p o l e s b r i n g i n g t h e p o w e r s t r u g g l e t o t h e l e v e l of l o n g - t e r m c l a s s s t r u g g l e . From the beginning our practice included a clear demystification of t h e class s t r u c t u r e of the once-socialist E a s t e r n B l o c c o u n t r i e s w h i l e at t h e s a m e t i m e k e e p i n g in m i n d t h e political importance of the contradiction which set these countries against the Western imperialist system.

T h e g u e r r i l l a s t r a t e g y h a s o p e n e d up a r e v o l u t i o n a r y v a n t a g e p o i n t a r o u n d t h e s e e l e m e n t s of c o n s c i o u s n e s s b y a f f i r m i n g itself as a reference p o i n t for t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t s t r u g g l e s in the principal European countries. Up against the new economic and political order and the a c t u a l f r a m e w o r k of t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e w h i c h a r e b e i n g c r e a t e d b y t h e e v o l u t i o n of the capitalist s y s t e m in g e n e r a l a n d of t h e c r i s i s in p a r t i c u l a r , t h e c o m m u n i s t v a n g u a r d s m u s t t a k e s t o c k of t h e i r g a i n s a n d t h e n e e d for c l a n d e s t i n e w a y s in o r d e r t o a d v a n c e the revolutionary project. The real n a t u r e of t h e communist identity has been made clear by the concrete historical development of the class s t r u g g l e . In s u m m a r y , : e v e n in a c t i n g l o c a l l y it m u s t e x p r e s s t h e global n a t u r e (the q u a l i t y of e x t e n s i o n ) of the confrontation between the international proletariat and the imperialist bourgeoisie. In t h e C o m m u n i s t M a n i f e s t o , M a r x a n d E n g e l s s a i d : The Communists are distinguished from the other working class parties b y t h i s o n l y : 1. In t h e n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e s of t h e p r o l e t a r i a n s of t h e d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s , t h e y p o i n t o u t a n d b r i n g t o t h e front the common i n t e r e s t s of the entire proletariat, independently of all n a t i o n a l i t y . 2 . In t h e v a r i o u s s t a g e s of development w h i c h t h e s t r u g g l e of t h e working class has to pass through, they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole. The general strategic tasks now before the communist necessitate a strengthening and reaffirmation as well as i n n o v a t i o n of t h e basic e l e m e n t s which h a v e been g a i n e d over t h e years. Due to the interdependence between revolutionary struggles, i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m is n o w b e c o m i n g an e l e m e n t of a d v a n c e m e n t for revolutionary struggles with their own specific national situations and at the same time within the framework of c o n f r o n t a t i o n between revolution and i m p e r i a l i s m . At t h e same time, revolutionary politics can push the processes of proletarian emancipation to the foreground by highlighting, within the c o m p l e x i t y of their f o r m s , the basic homogeneity that characterised the proletarian/bourgeois c o n t r a d i c t i o n all o v e r t h e w o r l d . F a c e d w i t h t h e p o w e r s t r u g g l e c r e a t e d by t h e a g g r e s s i o n w i t h which the bourgeoisie responds to the crisis with the hope of cutting d o w n a n y s e e d of c l a s s h o s t i l i t y , all t h i s m e a n s t o t a k e responsibility to organize the revolutionary camp to the level c a l l e d for b y t h i s p o w e r s t r u g g l e . This quality, which characterises the organisation and struggle of communists also expresses itself in t h e armed struggle. All of the noise the bourgeoisie makes about the "uselessness of a r m e d s t r u g g l e " and the "end of c o m m u n i s m " is actually concealing the depths of the p r o c e s s e s of economic c r i s i s and p o l i t i c a l i n s t a b i l i t y . The inability to solve the most significant c o n t r a d i c t i o n s , and their a c c u m u l a t i o n o v e r t h e y e a r s , m a k e s it i m p o s s i b l e for

m i l l i o n s of p e o p l e t o r e n o u n c e t h e n e e d for r e v o l u t i o n a r y c h a n g e . A c t u a l l y , the era we are e n t e r i n g will c o m p l e t e l y vindicate the history, practical experience and coming gains of the c o m m u n i st s . 3 . S u p r a n a t i o n a l i n t e g r a t i o n is t h e o n l y r o a d w i t h w h i c h t h e bourgeoisie can block the economic and political crisis which s t a r t e d at t h e e n d of t h e s i x t i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w h o l e c a p i t a l i s t world, s t a r t i n g from i t s c e n t r e s : t h e U S A , E u r o p e , and J a p a n . A p r o f o u n d c r i s i s which no o n e yet h a s been a b l e to find a s e r i o u s p o s s i b i l i t y of g e t t i n g a r o u n d . We wish to briefly summarize the economic movement which f u e l s t h i s c r i s i s , for o t h e r w i s e it is d i f f i c u l t t o m a k e o u t t h e p o l i t i c a l c h a n g e s t h a t it i n f e r s . In fact t h e m a i n phenomenon which is d e m o l i s h i n g so many p o l i t i c a l b o r d e r s is t h e p r o c e s s of c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h w h i c h the c e n t r e s of c a p i t a l ( a l r e a d y m u l t i - n a t i o n a l a n d d i v e r s i f i e d ) r e a c t to t h e failing profit r a t e . The falling profit r a t e is t h e result of t h e post-war economic cycle and t r a n s l a t e s i n t o an overproduction crisis of worldwide dimensions. In t h e s e v e n t i e s , t h e s t r o n g e s t c e n t r e s of c a p i t a l t r i e d t o get around the crisis by m e a n s of a technological boom and a planetary reorganization of p r o d u c t i o n t o increase s u r p l u s . And it is t h e r e a l i z a t i o n of t h i s p r o c e s s t h a t s e t t h e s t a g e , on a q u a l i t a t i v e l y m o r e c o m p l e x l e v e l , for a n e w a n d m o r e v i o l e n t fall in the profit rate in t h e e i g h t i e s , kept under control by t h e acceleration and massive increase in v o l u m e of financial c irculat ion. A real crisis of w h i c h the least easily controlled and resolved elements today are: - the e n o r m o u s American commercial deficit and d e b t ; - the Third World debt and t h e C O M E C O N s p h e r e ; - agricultural overproduction in E u r o p e and the USA, supported by high state s u b s i d i e s ; - the exceptional commercial holdings of the Federal R e p u b l i c of G e r m a n y , J a p a n a n d t h e n e w l y i n d u s t r i a l i z e d c o u n t r i e s of s o u t h - e a s t A s i a . Regionalization means consolidation into continental e c o n o m i c s p h e r e s a s a m e a n s of c r e a t i n g t h e c o n d i t i o n s w i t h w h i c h the strongest centres of capital will take on t h e necessary d i m e n s i o n s (in terms of q u a n t i t y and quality) with which to recommence accumulation. T h i s is t h e p r e s e n t b a l a n c e of s u r v i v a l . A very unstable balance conditioned by political and e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s (even m o r e c o m p l e x a n d u n c o n t r o l l a b l e t h a n in the past) which continue to feed t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of capital's constant tendency towards war. More and m o r e , "The world capitalist economy is l i k e a s o r c e r e r w h o is n o l o n g e r a b l e t o c o n t r o l t h e i n f e r n a l process that he himself has summoned u p " . (Marx, E n g e l s , "The Communist MAnifesto) These political/economic dynamics create class and social contradictions which mark the advance of t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e in our times. The social division of labour is f r a g m e n t e d and

a r e a s of t h e w o r l d , a s in t h e p o l i t i c a l r o l e of t h e E E C in t h e m a i n c r i s i s r e g i o n s a n d a s in t h e i n t e r v e n t i o n of s i n g u l a r s t a t e s in s u p p o r t of multinational capital, principally towards the Mediterranean/Middle Eastern s p h e r e , t h e C O M E C O M s p h e r e and m o r e g e n e r a l l y in A s i a , A f r i c a , a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a . 6. The creation of the "Western European Bloc" faces many c o n t r a d ict i o n s . The strong push towards integration must settle accounts with the conflicts between the different production strategies a n d m a r k e t s of d i f f e r e n t c e n t r e s of c a p i t a l , a n d a l s o w i t h the s p e c i f i c d e m a n d s a n d o f t e n d i v e r g e n t p o l i c i e s of t h e governments of d i f f e r e n t E u r o p e a n S t a t e s . The instability which is p r e s e n t l y showing itself on all l e v e l s s h o w s t h a t t h e q u i c k e n e d p a c e is t h e p r o d u c t of a m o r e a n d more violent conflict of interests and of i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e mandatory choices caused b y t h e e v o l u t i o n of t h e c r i s i s in w o r l d cap italism. Such a framework is e a s i l y i d e n t i f i e d in s o m e of t h e most important d y n a m i c s at t h e c e n t r e of t h e s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e s in t h e b a l a n c e of p o w e r w i t h i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c a m p . -On t h e e c o n o m i c level t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e C E N T R A L B A N K OF E U R O P E a n d of t h e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n of f i n a n c i a l p o l i c i e s , w h i c h is at t h e h e a r t of e c o n o m i c i n t e g r a t i o n , indicates a confrontation a s m u c h t h e r e s u l t of G r e a t B r i t a i n ' s i n t e g r a t i o n w i t h t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a s t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n of e a c h s i n g u l a r s t a t e ' s o p p o s i t i o n . Oppositions which have been resolved within the Bundesbank and the Banca d'Italia and which bear w i t n e s s to the r e s i s t a n c e of t h e economic and p o l i t i c a l i n t e r e s t s which a r e being p e n a l i s e d by a l o s s of n a t i o n a l s o v e r e i g n t y . -On the p o l i t i c a l - m i l i t a r y level the issues of r e a r m a m e n t a n d of r e d e f i n i n g N A T O form t h e first s t e p from w h i c h all the p o s s i b i l i t i e s of w h a t is c a l l a " E u r o p e a n Defense" are defined. Faced with the p r e s s u r e to c h a n g e the political d i m e n s i o n s of NATO which recently s u r f a c e d (in E u r o p e a n d in t h e U S A ) around t h e i s s u e of r e m o d e r n i z i n g t h e L A N C E m i s s i l e s y s t e m a n d from t h e financial quota increase of t h e European states, the American a d m i n i s t r a t i o n h a s m a d e c l e a r i t ' s f e e l i n q a b o u t a r e a p p r a i s a l of t h e ATLANTIC: P A C T . The policy of the economic penetration of the COMECOM s p h e r e , a l o n g w i t h t h a t of t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n s p h e r e , h a s b e c o m e a b a s i c a x i s of d e v e l o p m e n t for t h e " E E C B l o c " . T h e multiplication and overlapping of the economic and political policies of different multinational g r o u p s and the various state's attempts to c a r v e out new a r e a s of political autonomy vis a vis the COMECOM sphere reflect the need of E u r o p e a n capital to hold a p r i v i l e g e d p o s i t i o n in t h e s e s p h e r e s in o r d e r t o r e i n f o r c e i t s e l f v i s a v i s A m e r i c a n and J a p a n e s e c a p i t a l . M o r e and m o r e t h e United S t a t e s is g o i n g all o u t t o s e t t h e p a c e a n d i m p o s e t h e i r d e m a n d s onto this terrain, u s i n g t h e t i e s s a n c t i o n e d by t h e C O C O M t r e a t y a s an e c o n o m i c weapon and the b i l a t e r a l relationship with the USSR as political one with which to achieve this e n d . These are just a few of the messes around which o n e can quite clearly see the imperialist s t r a t e g y of reacting to the

crisis by reinforcing economic and political supranational integration opens the door to new and more complex c o n t r a d ict i o n s . S o E u r o p e a n i n t e g r a t i o n is h a p p e n i n g in an e x t r e m e l y d y n a m i c framework within which players and interests are beginning to emerge which are modifying the relationships and h i e r a r c h i e s b e t w e e n s t a t e s and b e t w e e n financial and industrial g r o u p s . Over t h e past y e a r s a t t e n t i o n is b e i n g d r a w n t o t h e g r o w i n g i m p o r t a n c e of the German bourgeoisie, as much on t h e level of economic/financial c o h e s i o n a s on t h e l e v e l of increasing the political w e i g h t of t h e " E u r o p e a n B l o c " in r e g a r d s t o t h e w o r l d order and also the M e d i t e r r a n e a n and the COMECOM s p h e r e . The "new F R G " w i t h i n t h e " n e w E u r o p e " : t h i s is t h e m e s s a g e with which the German b o u r g e o i s i e and its p o l i t i c a l staff call for a greater responsibility on a w o r l d s c a l e and the basic c e n t r a l i t y of t h e W e s t e r n E u r o p e a n f o r m a t i o n . The search for m o r e w e i g h t in t h e " F r e n c h / G e r m a n axis and t h e "Ten P o i n t P l a n " b y w h i c h K o h l t u r n s h i m s e l f i n t o a p r o p o n e n t of t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of r e u n i f i c a t i o n w i t h t h e D e m o c r a t i c Republic of Germany are t h e r e to show how the German b o u r g e o i s i e is p u s h i n g w i t h t h e g o a l of b r i d g i n g t h e g a p b e t w e e n e c o n o m i c w e i g h t and political influence which has c h a r a c t e r i z e d it during the entire post-war era. 7. What the political n a t u r e of an attack such as that of c o m r a d e s in t h e R o t e Armee Fraktion against the D e u t s c h e Bank boss Herrhausen is n o t a b l e for >,its e x p l o s i v e l o c a t i o n in t h e world framework of confrontation between imperialism and revolution, occupying a place beside the revolutionary struggle of the people w h o in El Salvador and in o c c u p i e d P a l e s t i n e determining the s t e p s forward not o n l y for t h e m s e l v e s but a l s o for t h e w h o l e w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a t . Starting with the knowledge that every blow against imperialism weakens the whole system and strengthens the world revolutionary perspective, the revolutionary confrontation in Western Europe emerges a s o n e of the poles in w h i c h it is possible to disrupt the power relationships within the dialectic w i t h t h e s t r u g g l e s on t h e T h r e e C o n t i n e n t s of t h e S o u t h . The i n i t i a t i v e of the Rote Armee Fraktion intrudes on a f u n d a m e n t a l p r o j e c t of t h e w h o l e i m p e r i a l i s t s y s t e m a n d o p e n s up contradictions there where imperialism is w o r k i n g t o reorganize its e c o n o m i c - p o l i t i c a l m i l i t a r y s t r a t e g i c b a l a n c e s . An a t t a c k on t h e g u i d i n g p o l i c i e s of t h e d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s of European integration which invest power r e l a t i o n s h i p s through the e n t i r e a r e a h a s d i r e c t r e p e r c u s s i o n s in e a c h c o u n t r y . T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r a c t i c e b r i n g s to l i g h t t h e i m p o r t a n c e of a stable perspective on organisation and struggle on a c o n t i n e n t a l s c a l e . T h i s is an e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t a s s e t for the i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t , t h e f r u i t of t h e e x p e r i e n c e of the offensives waged in the 1980's by the fighting organisations Action Directs, Rote Armee Fraktion, Brigatte R o s s e - P C C in t h e r e a l p r o g r e s s i o n of t h e F r o n t in W e s t e r n E u r o p e . Western Europe's urban guerrilla was born to rebuild the metropolitan proletarians's c l a s s and r e v o l u t i o n a r y perspective

a n d c o n s c i o u s n e s s , t o r e c r e a t e a c o n f r o n t a t i o n of p o w e r in t h e h e a r t of t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s y s t e m . It h a s p r o g r e s s i v e l y enlarged the class contradictions, exacerbating the imperialist b o u r g e o i s ' s p o w e r c r i s i s from t h e w i d e n i n g c l a s s / s t a t e g a p . Developed in t h e various national situations in Europe d u r i n g t h e w h o l e of t h e 7 0 ' s , t h i s h a r s h c o n f r o n t a t i o n h a s led t o a n e w a n d m o r e m a t u r e d e f i n i t i o n of r e v o l u t i o n a r y d e v e l o p m e n t . It is a r o u n d t h e g u e r r i l l a s of t h e F r o n t , from t h e a t t a c k s against NATO and the military-industrial complex to the action against Tietmeyer d u r i n g t h e IMF a s s e m b l y , that the significant g r o w t h of r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o n s c i o u s n e s s and o r g a n i s a t i o n has been tested and p r o v e d . T h u s , the F r o n t , p r e c i s e l y as a continental attack organisation, has encouraged the unification and p o l i t i c i s a t i o n of c l a s s c o n f r o n t a t i o n in E u r o p e . A h e r i t a g e of experiences which can allow important moves forward in the t h e o r e t i c a l and p r a c t i c a l a b i l i t i e s of r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s in each country. T h i s is t o s a y the ability to conceive and r e a l i s e a revolutionary strategy adapted to the level reached by the confrontation between revolution and i m p e r i a l i s m . A strategy w h i c h d e v e l o p s in real t e r m s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n revolution in e a c h n a t i o n a l t e r r i t o r y a n d r e v o l u t i o n in W e s t e r n E u r o p e a s a whole. Because concrete experience has already made clear the needs that cannot be d i s r e g a r d e d . . . For example that the advancement of the revolutionary process on t h e continental scale does not mean ignoring the s p e c i f i c t a s k s b r o u g h t a b o u t by t h e specific class situation and historical characteristics which distinguish one s i t u a t i o n from another. Or on a m o r e g e n e r a l level t h a t the offensive against the p o l i c i e s of c o h e s i o n on t h e continental scale certainly h a s an objective political effect within the situation of singular c o u n t r i e s , a s t h e H e r r h a u s e n a c t i o n s h o w s . W h i c h at t h e s a m e t i m e does not automatically translate into a heightening of c o n s c i o u s n e s s of t h i s c o n f r o n t a t i o n in t h e c l a s s f a b r i c . The revolutionary c o n f r o n t a t i o n on the c o n t i n e n t a l level expresses a political quality which cannot be reached by the proletarian struggle in e a c h country without a strategy and p r a c t i c e w h i c h l i n k s t h e s e t w o l e v e l s in a d i a l e c t i c a l m a n n e r . The class/state confrontation within a singular territory a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n / i m p e r i a l i s m c o n f r o n t a t i o n on t h e l e v e l of the w h o l e of E u r o p e c a n n o t r e m a i n s e p a r a t e . T h e d i a l e c t i c u n i t y c o m e s i n t o b e i n g by u s i n g t h e r e c i p r o c i t y b e t w e e n t h e s e t w o a s a l e v e r . W i t h i n t h i s r e c i p r o c i t y it is t h e g e n e r a l l e v e l of c o n f r o n t a t i o n which advances t h i s . It is o n l y by v i e w i n g t h e c o n f r o n t a t i o n w i t h i n a particular t e r r i t o r y w h i l e t a k i n g into a c c o u n t t h e p o l i t i c a l q u a l i t y r e a c h e d by the g u e r r i l l a ' s r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r a x i s on a continental scale t h a t o n e c a n get a p e r s p e c t i v e on t h e c l a s s c o n f r o n t a t i o n . For this is t h e level that has been reached by the con frontat ion. The creation of t h e "Western European Bloc" is a global process throughout all t h e c o u n t r i e s and implies substantial c h a n g e s . B u t w h a t is m o s t i m p o r t a n t is t h a t it h a s a d e t e r m i n i n g

c o n s o l i d a t e s i t s e l f on a p l a n e t a r y s c a l e a n d p u l l s m i l l i o n of m e n and women into c a p i t a l ' s o r b i t , d e p r i v e s them of a n y m e a n s of non-capitalist subsistence and t u r n s them into p r o l e t a r i a n s by concentrating them into the c i t i e s that dot t h e p l a n e t , in the N o r t h a s in t h e S o u t h , in t h e E a s t a s in t h e W e s t . These are the devastating effects of industrialisation s t r e t c h e d out over t h e whole world which forces proletarians to b e n d t o t h e d i r e c t d e m a n d s of p r o d u c t i o n as w o r k e r s , unemployed and e m i g r a n t s . H e r e is t h e o r i g i n of t h e t e n s i o n and social c o n f l i c t s in the Southern regions of t h e w o r l d , and w h i c h s h o w up e v e n in E u r o p e and the United S t a t e s . At t h e m o m e n t t h e p r o l e t a r i a t ' s r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o l i t i c c a n d o nothing but measure itself against the totality of the imperialist strategy, understood as the sum total of the r e s p o n s e s of t h e b o u r g e o i s i e t o t h e s t r u g g l e s of t h e p r o l e t a r i a t in t h e c e n t r e s a s in t h e p e r i p h e r y , a s b o t h t h r e a t e n t h e p r o f i t s of c a p i t a l . 4. A s t o s t r u c t u r e , c a p i t a l i s t i n t e g r a t i o n in w e s t e r n E u r o p e is pointing in the direction of the construction of an economic/social base to guarantee multi-national capital the necessary conditions a n d m a r k e t for their continued development a n d c o m p e t i t i v e n e s s on a w o r l d s c a l e . For E u r o p e t h e d e g r e e t o w h i c h its p r i n c i p a l e c o n o m i e s h a v e o p e n e d up is b e c o m i n g d e c i s i v e . T h e g r o w t h of t h e f l o w of direct i n v e s t m e n t s is e n c o u r a g e d t h r o u g h t h e r e o r g a n i z a t i o n of p r o c e s s e s of production and the channels of commercialization of c o m m o d i t i e s on a continental and w o r l d w i d e scale, the expansion of financial markets and of t h e s p h e r e of activity of b a n k s beyond national borders. N o n e of t h e s i n g u l a r n a t i o n a l p o l i c e s of t h e E u r o p e a n s t a t e s can justify themselves without a clear and p r e c i s e link to the new organization required by economic interdependence, all of which m e a n s a new and intensified hierarchical integration and reorganization between states on a continental scale. A d i s c o n t i n u e d p r o c e s s w h i c h m a n i f e s t s i t s e l f in t h e reinforcement of old and c r e a t i o n of new s u p r a n a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . T o an increasing degree part of t h e n a t i o n a l s t a t e p o w e r s a r e s p i l l i n g over into these, a situation which forces them to reformulate their own f u n c t i o n s . The creation of w h a t is c a l l e d t h e "Western European Bloc" is a p r o j e c t born of t h e strongest sections of the European imperialist bourgeoisie as a response to their new s i t u a t i o n . 5. The European unification has always been potentially present in t h e p l a n s of t h e E u r o p e a n b o u r g e o i s i e , b u t t o d a y it is t a k i n g on a central importance as a r e s u l t of the pressures of t h e c o m p l e x and p e r m a n e n t n e g a t i v e s i t u a t i o n in t h e w o r l d i m p e r i a l i s t system. The exhaustion of t h e p o l i t i c a l b a l a n c e of Yalta became c l e a r in t h e e i g h t i e s . F i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y t h e contradictions c a u s e d by t h e p o l a r e n d s of t h e n e w l y i n d u s t r i a l i z e d c o u n t r i e s a s much as the advanced capitalist ones. Contradictions that the

A m e r i c a n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n is q u i t e a w a r e o f , a n d of w h i c h t h e m o s t clear result is its continuing oscillation between a reaffirmation of its c e n t r a l i t y and the search for global c o o p e r a t i o n w h i c h i n e v i t a b l y l e a d s at t i m e s t o a destabi1ization of c e r t a i n t e m p o r a r y p o w e r b a l a n c e s . That it is i m p o s s i b l e for t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o t a k e on all of t h e rising economic and political costs of capitalism's i n t e r n a t i o n a l c r i s i s all by i t s e l f p u s h e s W e s t e r n E u r o p e , a s w e l l a s J a p a n , t o t a k e on a m o r e c o n s i s t e n t s p e c i f i c r o l e in t h e w o r l d t h a n in t h e p a s t . The strongest European states (France, FRG, Great Britain, Italy) are increasing their weight vis A vis the United S t a t e s , a s m u c h for t h e i r o w n s a k e as to maintain the whole world o r d e r . In t h i s s e n s e t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g of E u r o p e is a m a j o r p r i o r i t y of the entire imperialist system. At t h e A p r i l '89 a s s e m b l y of t h e T r i l a t e r a l C o m m i s s i o n in Paris, Agnelli himself s p o k e of "making of '92 a s o u r c e of s t r e n g t h e n i n g all of t h e c o u n t r i e s in t h e W e s t e r n s p h e r e . " T h e c r e a t i o n of W e s t e r n E u r o p e is a l r e a d y a c o n c r e t e p r o c e s s in w h i c h one sees the strongest sections of the European i m p e r i a l i s t b o u r g e o i s i e a n d t h e i r n a t i o n a l e x e c u t i v e s i n v o l v e d in the creation of p o l i t i c a l structures which will be able to r e s p o n d t o t h e d e m a n d s of i n t e g r a t i o n . Around these administrative structures revolve various p r o j e c t s and planss - t h e M o n e t a r y -Union t o c e n t r a l i z e economic and financial polic ies; - c o o p e r a t i o n in d e f e n s e a n d a r m e m e n t p o l i c i e s ; --cooperation a n d i n t e g r a t i o n of v a r i o u s p o l i c e f o r c e s on t h e level of c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l c o n t r o l ; -what they call "Social E u r o p e " , which m e a n s the r e g u l a t i o n of t h e c o s t s a n d m o v e m e n t of the labour force, both immigrant and n a t i v e - b o r n ; - t h e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n of s u b s i d y p o l i c i e s for t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l sector; - t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n of i n d u s t r i a l r e s t r u c t u r i n g in different sectors; - t h e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n of s u b s i d y p o l i c i e s for t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l sector; -the centralisation of technological research, t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , and s p a c e p r o g r a m s , - t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n of f o r e i g n p o l i c y . T h e m a s s i v e a m o u n t of i n i t i a t i v e s w h i c h m a r k t h e p r e s e n t s t a g e of European unification are presently expressed in t h e form of increased e x p l o i t a t i o n and u n e m p l o y m e n t , and a general w o r s e n i n g of t h e l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s of t h e m e t r o p o l i t a n p r o l e t a r i a t . A tendency which relates back to the extension and massification of t h e p r o c e s s of proletarianisation, a process w h i c h is set b y t h e d e m a n d s of c a p i t a l i s t p r i c e f i x i n g . What this is all a b o u t is t h e c l a n d e s t i n e t h e f t of human activity, the creation of a l a b o u r a n d t h e s u b s u m i n g of t h e n e w c o n d i t i o n s of c a p i t a l i s t p r o d u c t i o n . At t h e s a m e time this process manifests itself towards the r e s t of t h e w o r l d b y c o n s t a n t l y projecting itself into different

c o n d i t i o n for i t s r e a l i s a t i o n : t h e d r a s t i c d e c o n s t r u c t ion of t h e revolutionary struggle. T o u n i t e t o b l o c k t h i s p r o j e c t , t o s t o p it from coming into b e i n g by p u s h i n g b a c k t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y i n i t i a t i v e in all of t h e c o u n t r i e s , is t h e t a s k of the guerrilla and the proletarian movement. To build an aggressive confrontation of European dimensions in u n i t y w i t h the revolutionary liberation struggles in A s i a , A f r i c a , a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a is t h e b a t t l e p l a n b y w h i c h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y c o n s c i o u s n e s s can a d v a n c e and which can now deepen t h e e c o n o m i c / p o l i t i c a l c r i s i s of t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s y s t e m . Starting today, to attack european unification is the central strategic p e r s p e c t i v e a r o u n d w h i c h in e v e r y c o u n t r y , in every metropolitan pole, in every social situation, the p r o l e t a r i a n m o v e m e n t c a n e x p r e s s i t s e l f in t h e l a n g u a g e of p o w e r around the guerrilla. In W e s t e r n E u r o p e , t h e fighting organisations have shown themselves capable in p r a c t i c e of p l a c i n g t h e m s e l v e s on such a central and qualified political level. The action against H e r r h a u s e n a n d t h e e x p e r i e n c e of t h e R A F , j u s t a s in I t a l y that of t h e Brigate Rosse-PCC are significant in t h i s way: the guerrilla opens up a political space for t h e growth of t h e proletarian movement, in c o n t a c t with and with the concrete c o n t r i b u t i o n s of all r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s w h o w a n t to finalize their organized activism in t h e progress of the revolutionary perspect ive. The imprisoned fighters are wholly and c o m p l e t e l y interior to this d i m e n s i o n . The resistance and the different experiences that the prisoners h a v e g o n e t h r o u g h in p r i s o n in G e r m a n y , F r a n c e , S p a i n , Italy...for the defense and development of the communist identity, constitute an e f f e c t i v e e l e m e n t of e n r i c h m e n t for t h e revolutionary process brought into being by the guerrilla in Western Europe. It is this consciousness that defines our militant c o n t r ibut i o n . STRUGGLE TOGETHER! COMMUNIST COLLECTIVE I SOME COMRADES FROM THE WOTTAS SITTA PRISONERS. Susan B e r a r d i , Lorenzo Calzone, Anna Cotone, Davide Fadda, Luciano Farina, Giovanni Gentilie Schiavone, Nicola Pellecchia, Stefano Scarabello, Caterina Spano, Aleramo Virgili.