UNITED BANK LIMITED (UBL) COMPLETE RATIO ANALYSIS FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT YEAR 2008, 2009, 2010. Financial ratios focus on special relationship between two items of balance sheet, income statement or one from each. The number of financial ratios that might be created is virtually limitless, but there are certain basic ratios that are frequently used.
UNITED BANK LIMITED (UBL) COMPLETE RATIO ANALYSIS FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT YEAR 2008, 2009, 2010. Financial ratios focus on special relationship between two items of balance sheet, income statement or one from each. The number of financial ratios that might be created is virtually limitless, but there are certain basic ratios that are frequently used.
UNITED BANK LIMITED (UBL) COMPLETE RATIO ANALYSIS FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT YEAR 2008, 2009, 2010. Financial ratios focus on special relationship between two items of balance sheet, income statement or one from each. The number of financial ratios that might be created is virtually limitless, but there are certain basic ratios that are frequently used.
FOR INTERNSHIP REPORT YEAR 2008, 2009, 2010 MORE AVAILABLE AT WWW.WEBLYCEUM.COM
FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS The user of financial statements finds it helpful to calculate ratios when they interpret companys financial statements. A financial ratio is simply one quantity divided by another. Ratios focus on special relationship between two items of balance sheet, income statement or one from each. Ratios make it easier to understand a specific relationship between various items of financial statements then looking simply at the raw numbers themselves. The number of financial ratios that might be created is virtually limitless, but there are certain basic ratios that are frequently used, these ratios can be placed into six different classes. Net Profit Margin Gross Spread Ratio Non Interest Income to Total Income Ratio Spread Ratio Return on Assets (ROA) Du Pont Return on Assets Ratio Return on Total Equity (ROE) Debt Ratio Debt / Equity Ratio Times Interest Earned Ratio Advances / Deposits Ratio Operating Cash Flow Ratio Dividend per Share Earning per Share Price/Earning Ratio
The calculation and interpretation of these ratios of financial statements of UBL are as follows.
Net profit Formula: Net Profit/Revenue*100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010 = 26103808/59331761*100=44% 2009=20077874/60857035* 2008=19760154/51919229*100=38%
Graphical Presentation
Interpretation 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2009 Times Interest Earned Ratio Advances / Deposits Ratio Operating Cash Flow Ratio lation and interpretation of these ratios of financial statements of UBL are as follows. Net Profit/Revenue*100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010 = 26103808/59331761*100=44% 2009=20077874/60857035*100=33% 2008=19760154/51919229*100=38% 2009 2008 Net Profit lation and interpretation of these ratios of financial statements of UBL are as follows.
Net Profit Net profit Ratio increase in 2008 but decrease in 2009 this is not the net profit is increase.
Gross Spread Ratio Formula: Net margin Income/Gross Margin 2010=11159930/2613808=0.42 2009=26049777/20077875=1.29 2008=24239841/19760154=1.21
Graphical Presentation Interpretation Gross spread refers to the fees that underwriters receive for arranging offering of debt or equity securities. in 2009 it is increase but in 2010 it is decrease. Increase in gross spread is favorable for bank.
Non Interest Income to Total Income Ratio Formula: Non Interest Income/Total Income 0 5 10 15 2010 2009 Net profit Ratio increase in 2008 but decrease in 2009 this is not
Net margin Income/Gross Margin 2010=11159930/2613808=0.42 2009=26049777/20077875=1.29 2008=24239841/19760154=1.21 Gross spread refers to the fees that underwriters receive for arranging offering of debt or equity securities. in 2009 it is increase but in 2010 it is decrease. Increase in gross spread is favorable for bank. Non Interest Income to Total Income Ratio Non Interest Income/Total Income 2009 2008 Gross spread Ratio 0.421.29 Net profit Ratio increase in 2008 but decrease in 2009 this is not favorable. In 2010
Gross spread refers to the fees that underwriters receive for arranging and underwriting an offering of debt or equity securities. in 2009 it is increase but in 2010 it is decrease. Gross spread Ratio 0.421.29 *Information Not Available
Spread Ratio Formula: Borrowing-Lending 2010=45104849-12384778=32720071 2009=35144823-23162136=11982687 2008=44195886-22805341=21390545 Graphical Presentation Interpretation Spread ratio is favorable if the pr and 2009 the ratio is decrease but in 2010 ratio is increase which suitable for the firm. Time Interest Earned (Profit before taxation+ Total non interest expenses The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010=6582288+18482222/18482222=1.3561 2009=4841814+17712934/17712934=1.2733 0 10000000 20000000 30000000 40000000 2010
Lending 12384778=32720071 23162136=11982687 22805341=21390545 Spread ratio is favorable if the price change over the life of underlying asset. In 2008 and 2009 the ratio is decrease but in 2010 ratio is increase which suitable for the (Profit before taxation+ Total nonmarkup interest expenses) / Total non The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010=6582288+18482222/18482222=1.3561 2009=4841814+17712934/17712934=1.2733 2009 2008
ice change over the life of underlying asset. In 2008 and 2009 the ratio is decrease but in 2010 ratio is increase which suitable for the up interest expenses) / Total nonmarkup
Spread Ratio 2008=5541304+16565344/16565344=1.3345 Graphical Presentation
Interpretation The times interest earned ratio to meet interest payments. Ratio is slightly decreasing FIRSTLY BUT THAN INCREASE in 2010this is favorable for bank.
Debt Ratio
Formula: Total Liabilities/ Total Asset The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website.
2009=573131166/640449529=0.8948888 2008=571311725/620707389=0.9024 2010=630359914/698784979=0.9020 Graphical Presentation 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.35 1.4 2010 2008=5541304+16565344/16565344=1.3345 ed ratio indicates the extent of which earnings are available to meet interest payments. Ratio is slightly decreasing FIRSTLY BUT THAN INCREASE in 2010this is favorable for bank. Total Liabilities/ Total Asset n financial statement on UBL banks website. 2009=573131166/640449529=0.8948888 2008=571311725/620707389=0.9024 2010=630359914/698784979=0.9020 2009 2008 Time Interest Earned indicates the extent of which earnings are available to meet interest payments. Ratio is slightly decreasing FIRSTLY BUT THAN
Time Interest Earned
Interpretation
This ratio indicates that the value be decrease for good health of the bank.
Debt / Equity Ratio Formula: Total Liabilities/ Share Holder Equity
The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website.
Graphical Presentation 0.88 0.885 0.89 0.895 0.9 0.905 2010 2009 This ratio indicates that the value is decreasing, which is favorable for the bank. Ratio must be decrease for good health of the bank.
Total Liabilities/ Share Holder Equity The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 180924=10.4744 2009=57313166/52276246=1.0963 2008=571311725/47121165=12.1243 2009 2008 e!it Ratio
is decreasing, which is favorable for the bank. Ratio must
e!it Ratio Interpretation This ratio indicates that the value is decreasing continuously, which is favorable for the bank. Ratio must be decrease for good health of the bank. Return on Assets Formula: Return on Assets (ROA) = (Net Profit / Total Assets) x 100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website.
Graphical Presentation Interpretation 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 20 2010 2009 This ratio indicates that the value is decreasing continuously, which is favorable for the decrease for good health of the bank.
Return on Assets (ROA) = (Net Profit / Total Assets) x 100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010=11159930/68415065*100=16.31% 2009=9192687/60936723*100=15.08% 2008=8333120/43862759*100=18.99% 2010 2009 2008 2009 2008 Ret"rn on #sset
This ratio indicates that the value is decreasing continuously, which is favorable for the Return on Assets (ROA) = (Net Profit / Total Assets) x 100
e!t $ E%"it& Ratio Ret"rn on #sset The return on assets decreases first in 2009, than it again high which is favorable for the bank. The higher the ROA number, the better, because the c money on less investment. DuPont Return on Assets = Net Profit / Sales) x (Sales / Total Assets) x 100 = (Net Income / Share equity) x 100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010=11159930/60180924*100= 2009=9192687/52276246*100=17.58% 2008=8333120/4712165*100=176.842% Graphical Presentation
Interpretation A combination of financial ratios is a series to evaluate investment return. The benefit of the method is that it provides an understanding of how the company generates its return. In 2010 decrease show that return on investment decrease.
Return on Total Equity Formula: Net profit / Equity The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 0 10 20 30 40 200' The return on assets decreases first in 2009, than it again high which is favorable for the bank. The higher the ROA number, the better, because the company is earning more
DuPont Return on Assets = Net Profit / Sales) x (Sales / Total Assets) x 100 Net Income / Share equity) x 100 The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2010=11159930/60180924*100=18.54% 2009=9192687/52276246*100=17.58% 2008=8333120/4712165*100=176.842% A combination of financial ratios is a series to evaluate investment return. The benefit of the provides an understanding of how the company generates its return. In 2010 decrease show that return on investment decrease. Net profit / Equity The values are given in financial statement on UBL banks website. 2008 2009 "Pont Ret"rn on #ssets The return on assets decreases first in 2009, than it again high which is favorable for the ompany is earning more
A combination of financial ratios is a series to evaluate investment return. The benefit of the provides an understanding of how the company generates its return. In
Graphical Presentation Interpretation Return on equity decreases in 2008 and in 2009, which means it is unfavorable for the bank. But than in 2010 it is increase so it is favorable for the bank. The value of the ratio needs to be increase for healthy organizations. Operating Cash Flow Ratio Formula: Cash Flows from Operation/Current liabilities 2010=100070346/630369914*100=15.87% 2009=22790064/558807328*100=40.&% 2008=388192/561676581*100=6.9% Graphical Presentation 1' 1'.5 18 18.5 19 2010 2009 9930/60180924*100=18.54% 2009=9192687/52276246*100=17.58% 2008=8333120/47121165*100=17.68% Return on equity decreases in 2008 and in 2009, which means it is unfavorable for the han in 2010 it is increase so it is favorable for the bank. The value of the ratio needs to be increase for healthy organizations. Operating Cash Flow Ratio Formula: Cash Flows from Operation/Current liabilities 2010=100070346/630369914*100=15.87% 90064/558807328*100=40.&% 2008=388192/561676581*100=6.9% 2009 2008 Ret"rn on Tota( E%"it&
Return on equity decreases in 2008 and in 2009, which means it is unfavorable for the han in 2010 it is increase so it is favorable for the bank. The value of the ratio Ret"rn on Tota( E%"it&
Interpretation Operating cash flow is cash required to meet the operating activities. In 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable for the firm. Advances/Deposits Ratio Formula: Loan/Deposits 2010=333723172/550645767*100=60.61% 2009=45694713/492036103*100=92.8% 2008=371139675/483560062*100=76.75% Graphical Presentation Interpretation A healthy bank has lots of secure depositor's accounts. in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable for the bank. Dividend Per Share 0 10 20 30 40 50 2010 2009 0 20 40 )0 80 100 2010 2009 Operating cash flow is cash required to meet the operating activities. In 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable for the firm. Advances/Deposits Ratio
2010=333723172/550645767*100=60.61% 2009=45694713/492036103*100=92.8% 2008=371139675/483560062*100=76.75% healthy bank has lots of secure loans generating lots of income (interest) to cover accounts. in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable for the bank. 2008 *peratin+ ,as- f(o. 15.8' 2009 2008 #d/an0e eposit Ratio )0.)1 92.8
Operating cash flow is cash required to meet the operating activities. In 2010 it is
loans generating lots of income (interest) to cover accounts. in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable for the bank. *peratin+ ,as- f(o. 15.8' #d/an0e eposit Ratio )0.)1 Formula: Dividend/Shares 2010=4006407/5180000=77p 2009=4006407/12241798=32.7p 2008=1011719/11128907=9p Graphical Presentation
Interpretation If dividend per share ratio is increase than number of shareholder are increase .in 2009 it is increase which is favorable but in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable. Earning Per Share
Formula: Profit After Tax / Total Number of Shares 2010=11159930/51800000=0.125 2009=11159930/112890= 10 Rs. 2008=9192687/1011719=9 Rs. Graphical Presentation 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2010 2009 Formula: Dividend/Shares 2010=4006407/5180000=77p 2009=4006407/12241798=32.7p 2008=1011719/11128907=9p If dividend per share ratio is increase than number of shareholder are increase .in 2009 it is increase which is favorable but in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable. Formula: Profit After Tax / Total Number of Shares 2010=11159930/51800000=0.125 2009=11159930/112890= 10 Rs. 2008=9192687/1011719=9 Rs. 2008 i/idend Per S-are ''
If dividend per share ratio is increase than number of shareholder are increase .in 2009 it is increase which is favorable but in 2010 it is decrease which is unfavorable. i/idend Per S-are ''
Interpretation Earning ratio indicate the profit of bank .so bank in 2009 it is increase but in 2010 it is decrease. Price/Earning Ratio Formula: Market Value per Share / Earning Per Share 2010=10/0.215=46.5 2009=10/10=1 2008=10/9=1.11 Graphical Presentation
Interpretation A lower price earning ratio always better 2010 it is sharply high which is not good for the bank. CURRENT RATIO: UBLs current ratio is increasing over the time. to meet the short-term obligations as they come due. The UBLs current ratio is 0 2 4 ) 8 10 2010 2009 0 2 4 ) 8 2010 2009 Earning ratio indicate the profit of bank .so if this ratio is increase than it is favorable for the bank in 2009 it is increase but in 2010 it is decrease. Formula: Market Value per Share / Earning Per Share A lower price earning ratio always better for the bank. In 2008 and 2009 it is lower but in 2010 it is sharply high which is not good for the bank. UBLs current ratio is increasing over the time. Higher the current ratio higher the ability term obligations as they come due. The UBLs current ratio is 2008 Earnin+ per S-are 0.125 2008 Pri0e Earnin+ Ratio 4).5
if this ratio is increase than it is favorable for the
for the bank. In 2008 and 2009 it is lower but in Higher the current ratio higher the ability term obligations as they come due. The UBLs current ratio is Earnin+ per S-are 0.125 Pri0e Earnin+ Ratio 4).5 increased by 0.18% as compared to 2008. this in turn decreases the risk of insolvency. The change is occurring due to increase in short term investment and decrease in short term borrowings.
ASSETS TURNOVER: This shows revenue generated per rupee investment in total assets. UBLs assets turnover ratio has shown a little decrease. This is because of increase in total assets with proportionate increase in revenue. Banks have relatively low ATR capital, as they are selective in advancing loans and generating smaller sales.
DEBT TO ASSET RATIO: The analysis of total debt to assets ratio, there has been decrease of one percent as compared to 2008 and 6% to 2007. In 2007 every rupee one of assets was being financed by rupees 0.098 or debt and in 2008 it is 0.94 while in 2009 it is reduced to 0.93 worth of debt per rupee of asset. Although the decrease is not large enough but it is a good sign for banks creditors. The decrease may be attributed to the substantial decrease in borrowings from financial institutions but the affect was weakened by an increase in bills payable and other liabilities.
DEBT TO EQUITY: This ratio measures how the company is leveraging its debt against the capital employed by its shareholders. Analysis of debt to equity ratio indicates that the current position for the debt to equity is that for every one rupee in equity provided by the shareholders the bank has Rs. 13.5 as a debt. This shows that the bank is heavily relying on debt financing. The reason for huge difference stated in the table is because of losses occurred in 2007 and 2008.
COVERAGE RATIO: This ratio shows the number of times a company can cover or meet its financial charges or obligations. One of the most commonly used ratios is the interest coverage ratio that measures the number of times the income is available to pay interest charges. The UBL interest coverage ratio has shown significant improvement in these three years. The ratio is increased from 0.10 to 3.34.
GROSS PROFIT MARGIN: Gross profit margin is the difference between the revenue and cost of goods sold. Gross profit is critical because it represents the amount of money remaining to pay operating expanses financing cost and taxes. UBLs gross profit margin per rupee has shown rising trend in last three years. There is an increase of 27% in 2009 as compared to 2008. this shows efficiency of the bank to control the cost of sales.
NET PROFIT MARGIN: This ratio shows the profit that is available from each rupee of the sale. After all expanses have been paid. Net profit margin is also showing an increasing trend. UBL has improved net profit margin in the current years. The net profit margin has reached to 30% as compared to 2008 in which it was only 12.69%. While in 2007 it was in negative figure. It shows a good impact on the UBLs Balance Sheet.
RETURN ON INVESTMENT: This ratio measures the profitability per rupee of investment in assets. UBLs return on investment has shown an improvement more than 100%. In 2009 the ratio is 1.24% while in 2008 it was 0.76% and in 2007 it was in ive figures. Although the assets have increased but the operational recovery of the bank is main cause of increasing this ratio.
RETURN ON EQUITY: This ratio shows the profit as a proportion of the book value of the common shareholders. The return on equity is also shown a great deal of positive change. In 2009 the ratio is 45% while in 2008 it was only 16% and in 2007it was in negative figures.
ADVANCES TO DEPOSIT RATIO: This ratio shows the companies advances employed per unit of deposit. This ratio of UBL over the recent three years shows a decreasing trend. In 2007 it was 56% while in 2008 it was 46% and in 2009 it is 45%.
INVESTS TO DEPOSIT: This ratio shows the companys investment employed per unit of deposit. This ratio increased in 2008 as compared to 2007 but in 2009 it again decreased. It is because of industrial development factors in the country by which lending has been increased and investment is slightly decreased.