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Design of Reinforced Concrete Shear wall

Design code: ACI 318-05
Design of shear reinforcement Shear strength of concrete Shear reinforcement Effective depth Maximum shear strength permitted Location of Critical Section Minimum shear reinforcement Bar placement Design of Flexural reinforcement

Design of shear reinforcement

1. The shear strength, fVn must equal or be greater than the factored shear, Vu fVn Vu ACI eq (11-1)

where f = 0.75 is strength reduction factor, and Vn = Vc + Vs ACI eq (11-2)

where Vc is shear strength of concrete, and Vs is strength of shear reinforcement.

Shear strength of concrete

2. Shear strength of concrete shear wall shall be calculated as a. Vc = 2 fc' h d Or the lesser of b. Vc = 3.3 fc' h d + Nu d/ (4 lw) ACI eq (11-29) ACI eq (11-30)

c. Vc = { 0.6 fc' + lw ( 1.25 fc' + 0.2 [Nu/(lw* h)]) /( Mu/Vu - lw/2)} h d (It does not apply when Mu/Vu - lw /2 < 0)

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where fc' is compressive strength of concrete, h is thickness of the wall, d is effective depth, l w is overall length of wall. Nu is axial force, positive for compression, negative for tension, Mu is moment parallel to the direction of the wall.

Shear reinforcement When Vu > f Vc,

shear strength provided by horizontal shear reinforcement shall be calculated aS Vs = Av fy d /s ACI eq. (11-31)

where Av is area of reinforcement, fy is yield strength of reinforcement, d is effective depth, and s is spacing of reinforcement.

Maximum shear strength permitted

fVn = 10 fc' ACI section 11.10.3

Effective depth
1. d = 0.8 lw
2. Calculate based on strain compatibility analysis (same as in a beam section).

Location of Critical Section

1. One-half of the wall height. 2. lw /2 whichever is smaller.

Minimum shear reinforcement

When f Vc > Vu 0.5 f Vc 1. Minimum horizontal shear reinforcement ratio to gross section area, rt = 0.0025. 2. Minimum vertical shear reinforcement ratio to gross section area, rl = 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5 - hw/ lw )( rt - 0.0025) 0.0025 and need not be greater than calculated based on ACI eq. 11-31. ACI eq. (11-32)

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When Vu < 0.5 f Vc 1. Minimum vertical wall reinforcement: (Section 14.3.2) a. 0.0012 for deformed bars smaller than #5 and fy > 6000 psi b. 0.0015 for deformed bars #5 or larger 2. Minimum horizontal wall reinforcement: (Section 14.3.3) a. 0.0020 for deformed bars smaller than #5 and fy > 6000 psi b. 0.0025 for deformed bars #5 or larger.

Bar placement
1. Maximum spacing of horizontal reinforcement a. lw /5. b. 3 h c. 18 inches. 2. Bar shall be placed uniformly across the length and height of walls

Design of Flexural reinforcement

1. Non-load bearing shear wall
Design as a cantilever beam: fMn Mu

2. Load bearing shear wall

Design as a column subject to axial load and bending fP n Pu fMn Mu

Location of flexural reinforcement:

Flexural reinforcement shall be placed at each end of walls

Design examples
Disclaimer: The content of this website was obtained and edited from various resources. The editor made reasonable effort of editing. Nevertheless, the editor does not warrant, and assume no liability for accuracy and completeness of its content. The viewer shall use his/her professional knowledge and judgment in use of the web content. Webmaster: www.ce-ref.com

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Design of Reinforced Concrete Shear wall

Example 1: Design of reinforced concrete non-load bearing shear wall. Example 2: Design of Reinforced Concrete load bearing shear wall

Design examples
Example 1: Design of reinforced concrete non-load bearing shear wall.

Design code: ACI 318-05 Design data: Seismic shear force: (service load) Roof: Vr = 100 kips 4th floor: V4 = 75 kips, , 3rd floor: V3 = 50 kips 2nd floor: V2 = 25 kips Floor height: H = 15 ft Length of wall: lw = 18 ft

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Width of wall: h = 10 in Concrete strength: fc' = 4000 psi Yield strength of steel: fy = 60 kis Assumption: 1.out-of-plan moment is neglectable. 2.The wall is an exterior wall. Requirement: Design reinforcement for shear wall Solution: Maximum shear occurs at load combination: 1.2D+1.4E+1.0L Calculate maximum vertical and shear force at first floor Maximum factored shear: Vu = 1.4 (100+75+50+25) = 350 kips Check maximum shear strength permitted Assume effective depth, d = 0.8 (18) = 14.4 ft Strength reduction factor,

f = 0.75
> 350 kips O.K.

fVn = 10 fc' h d = 819 kips

Critical section for shear at smaller of 18 ft/2 = 9 ft , H/2 = 7.5 ft Calculate factored overturning moment and weight of wall at critical section Mu = 1.4 [100 (60-7.5)+75(45-7.5)+50(30-7.5)+25 (25-7.5)] = 13130 ft-kips Nu = (0.15)(10/12)(18)(60-7.5) = 118.1 kips Calculate shear strength of concrete:

fVc = 0.75 [3.3 fc' h d + Nu d/ (4 lw)] = 288.2 kips

Mu/Vu - lw/2 = 28.5 ft

fVc = 0.75 { 0.6 fc' + lw ( 1.25 fc' + 0.2 [Nu/(lw* h)]) /( Mu/Vu - lw/2)} h d = 163.8 kips
Or fVc = 0.75 (2 fc' h d) = 163.9 kips Design horizontal shear reinforcement: Vs = Vu - fVc = 186.1 kips Use #5 bar in one layer, area of reinforcement, Av = 0.3 in2. Spacing: S = fAv fy d /Vs = 12.6 in, Use 12" O.C. Check maximum spacing: (18x12)/5 = 43 in, 3 (10) = 30 in, or 18 in Check minimum reinforcement: rt = 0.3 in2 / (12x10) = 0.0025 O.K. O.K. Use

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Design vertical reinforcement:

rl = 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5 - hw/ lw )( rt - 0.0025) = 0.0025

Use rl = 0.0025 Area of reinforcement: Av = 0.0025 (10)(12) = 0.3 in2/ft Use #5 bars at 12" O.C Design flexural reinforcement: Calculate factored moment at base: Mu = 1.4 [(100)(60)+(75)(45)+(50)(30)+(25)(15)]=15750 ft-kip Tension control section,

f = 0.9

Factor: Rn = (15750)(12000)/[0.9(10)(14.4x12)2] = 703 psi, and m = fy/(0.85fc')=17.7 Reinforcement ratio, r = (1/m)[1-(1- 2 m Rn/fy)] = 0.013 Area of reinforcement, As = 0.013 h d = 22.9 in2. Use #10 bars, number of bars, n = 22.9/1.27 = 18 Check effective depth Concrete cover = 2" for exterior wall. Use 3" spacing between #10 bars in two layers Effective depth, d = (18)(12) - 2-(3)(8)/2 =202 in Recalculate reinforcement, Factored Rn = Mu / f h d2 = 514.7 psi, m = 17. Reinforcement ratio,

r = 0.0094

Area of reinforcement, As = 18.9 in2. Use #10 bars, number of bars, n = 18.9 /1.27 = 15, Use 16 # 10 Use #4 closed shape ties to enclose tension reinforcement, Area of reinforcement for shear As = 0.4 in2. Check clear spacing between bars, S = 10-(2)(2)-(0.5)(2)-1.27 = 3.73 in O.K. Reinforcement detail

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Example 2: Design of Reinforced Concrete load bearing shear wall

Situation: A reinforced concrete load bearing shear wall supporting for a four story building

Design code: ACI 318-05 Design data: Vertical load: (service load) Dead load at each floor and roof: PD = 40 kips Live load at each floor and roof: PL = 25 kips Seismic shear force: (service load) Roof: Vr = 100 kips 4th floor: V4 = 75 kips, , 3rd floor: V3 = 50 kips 2nd floor: V2 = 25 kips Floor height: H = 15 ft Length of wall: lw = 18 ft Width of wall: h = 12 in Concrete strength: fc' = 4000 psi Yield strength of steel: fy = 60 kis

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Assumptions: 1. out-of-plan moment is neglectable. 2. The wall is an exterior wall. Requirement: Design reinforcement for shear wall Solution Maximum shear occurs at load combination: 1.2D+1.4E+1.0L Calculate maximum vertical and shear force at first floor Maximum factored shear: Vu = 1.4 (100+75+50+25) = 350 kips Check maximum shear strength permitted Assume effective depth, d = 0.8 (18) = 14.4 ft Strength reduction factor,

f = 0.75
> 350 kips O.K.

fVn = 10 fc' h d = 819 kips

Critical section for shear at smaller of 18 ft/2 = 9 ft , H/2 = 7.5 ft Calculate factored overturning moment and weight of wall at critical section Mu = 1.4 [100 (60-7.5)+75(45-7.5)+50(30-7.5)+25 (25-7.5)] = 13130 ft-kips Nu = 1.2 [(0.15)(10/12)(18)(60-7.5)+4 PD ]+1.0 (4 PL ) = 462.1 kips Calculate shear strength of concrete:

fVc = 0.75 [3.3 fc' h d + Nu d/ (4 lw)] = 393.9 kips

Mu/Vu - lw/2 = 28.5 ft

fVc = 0.75 { 0.6 fc' + lw ( 1.25 fc' + 0.2 [Nu/(lw* h)]) /( Mu/Vu - lw/2)} h d = 228.2 kips (Use)
Or fVc = 0.75 (2 fc' h d) = 196.7 kips Design horizontal shear reinforcement: Vs = Vu - fVc = 112.1 kips Use #4 bar in two layer, area of reinforcement, Av = 0.4 in2. (Code requires two layers for 12" wall) Spacing: S = fAv fy d /Vs = 25.7 in Check maximum spacing: (18x12)/5 = 43 in, 3 (10) = 30 in, or 18 in Use 18"

Check minimum reinforcement: rt = 0.4 in2 / (18x10) = 0.0019 < 0.0025 Use rt =0.0025, spacing S = 0.4 in2 / (0.0025)(h) = 13.3 in Use 12 in Design vertical reinforcemnt

rl = 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5 - hw/ lw )( rt - 0.0025) = 0.0025

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Use rl = 0.0025 Use #4 bars in two layers at 12" O.C Calculate factored moment and axial load at base: Mu = 1.4 [(100)(60)+(75)(45)+(50)(30)+(25)(15)]=15750 ft-kip Nu = 1.2 [(0.15)(10/12)(18)(60)+4 PD ]+1.0 (4 PL ) = 486.4 kips Design as a column subjected to axial load and bending Gross area, Ag = (18)(12)(12) = 2592 in2. Assume tension control section, f = 0.9

fNu/Ag = 0.141 ksi fMu/(Ag lw) = 0.253 ksi

From ACI column design chart (See column design section), Area of reinforcement, r = 0.011 Area of reinforcement, As = (0.01)(18x12)(12) = 22.8 in2. Use #10 bars, number of bar, n = 22.8/1.27 = 18 Use 10#10 bars at each end of shear wall, column ties is required since r > 0.01. Use #4 ties at 12" O.C.

Disclaimer: The content of this website was obtained and edited from various resources. The editor made reasonable effort of editing. Nevertheless, the editor does not warrant, and assume no liability for accuracy and completeness of its content. The viewer shall use his/her professional knowledge and judgment in use of the web content. Webmaster: www.ce-ref.com

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