201O Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing (CINC)

Research on the Intelligently Early Warning of the Mine Safety Based on the Multi-sensor Data Fusion Technology
LlU Kainan The Department of Computer School China Women's University, Beijing, China likkn2008@126.com Abstract
sensor networks consisting of convergence node, relay nodes, sensor node composition and the industrial

the key to the intelligently early warning technology of underground mine hazards is the accurate and reliable data collected with multi-sensor timely and efficiently. In the paper, the hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to realize the clustering application
3

Ethernet network in which through the gateway and communications cable to transfer data to the information collection, real-time database server host computer. The multi-sensor responsible for hazard data and state

hierarchical

combined with the data type of

property acquisition, data transmission, aggregation is connected to the industrial Ethernet network to realize the communication between the two kinds of protocol stack protocol conversion. Based on the monitoring of the management node, the intelligently early warning system can localize data with GIS and supply the intelligent warning decision support. As the underground mine complex, multi-type, multi-state (mobile, fixed), more than the number of the characteristics of a large number of sensor nodes have completed hazard information collection, status monitoring and sensing the environment

hierarchical clustering and value of the security standards, in which the complementary of multi-source iriformation is made full use of to shield its redundancy. And the application of coding technology of the definition of data frame deals wtih data transfer and optimization of transmission by events triggered, effectively improveing the accuracy and reliability of deviation data and emergency response data, to improve the efficiency of wireless sensor network data collection and transmission.
I. PREFACE
According to the theory of the accident caused due which is the latest mining safety science theory, the main impact of mining system security is the dangerous substance or energy exceeding a critical value, which is [jJ the material cause of disasters deciding factor . Underground mine production environment is very

task, in the process of information collection, using every node to separate the data gathering node method, wireless sensor networks will produce a lot information, of redundant

which waste the much communication

bandwidth and precious energy resources, reduce the information collection efficiency and affect the 3 information acquisition of timeliness [ 1. At the same time, safety warning and attributes spatial information, information the are state just

complex, inside the mine tunnel, wind speed, temperature, humidity, dust, all kinds of gas content, coal mine water have an important impact to the safety of the production and the health of staff. The wireless sensor networks based on the Zig8ee technology is suited for underground mine . . [J lace more stnngent tunneI and more twIsts and turns 2 , c restrictions on power supply applications such as the characteristics of the production environment, multi-node, mUlti-parameter, can be dangerous to the source mobile wireless sensor networks, warning function. The intelligently early warning structure and topology of the mine production safety mainly contain the wireless data collection and early

information

data

concerned in the wireless sensor networks, not needing a lot of raw data. So, the data fusion technology and high efficient data transmission technology of the definition of frames by which the processed and fused data will be better can becomes the technical key to the 46 early warning of the mine safety[ . 10 This paper puts forward a kind of improved intelligently

hierarchical clustering algorithm and high efficient data transmission technology of the definition of frames, used for processing the redundant of class standard data, reducing the volume of data communication and reducing

978-1-4244-7703-6/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE

261

CINC2010

energy response

consumption. data, their

For

deviation and

and

emergency of

in which the similar samples bolong to The same cluster, different samples bolong to The different cluster. In the process of a multi-sensor node collecting data, because the strength of each signal is different, and the performance of sensor exists different, dissimilarity

transfer

optimization

transmission are done through defining the data frames when triggering events, which effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of information, reduce the data transmission delay and reduce data conflict in collision phenomenon, to a certain extent, to improve the data collection efficiency of network, that supply a data base for the timely, accurate, rapid warning.

matrix is used to save the similarity between n samlples. Its expression is an N * N matrix R: d(Xi' Xj) is quantified expression of the difference between the sample Xi and Xj'
0 d(X2.XI) d(X .Xt) 0 d(X J X2)

II.THE KEY TECHNOLOGY

A.

The theory of the hierarchical clustering Fusion algorithm

The cluster analysis algorithm is a group of heuristic

d(Xn.X1)

d(Xn.X2)

Clustering process describee with the following basic steps:

algorithm,

mainly

used

for

target

recognition

and

classification.

The method is that according to the the measured value is

a) Choosing some sample data from the multisensor data; b) Defining characteristic variables in the sample collection characterization; c) Calculating the similarity of data, and dividing the data sets according to a similarity criterion; d) Checking the divided classes is valid or not for practical application; e) Repeatedly dividing them in the inspection, until there was no further subdivision result, or until a stop standard. When elected for a similarity, difference and stop standards, a certain cluster analysis algorithm can be gotten.
Base on the above, the hierarchical clustering Fusion algorithm divided the similarity criterion of data into three classes:

predefined similar standards,

classified for some natural group by adopting some methods, in which each data is set to explain the corresponding target class by the analyst, basically not 71 needing the statistical theory[ Definition: introducing clustering algorithm in the rules, clustering algorithm first define an appropriate measure, and calculate the distance between the two random samples. Assuming d CXi' Xj) as the distance between the sample Xi and Xj. the distance function dCXi Xj)should meet the following conditions.

a) b) c) d)

d (Xi' X;)=0, only when X;=X;; no negativity: d (Xi' X;)?:.O; symmetry: d (Xi' X;)=d (X;, X;); triangle inequality: d (X;, X;)=d (X;, Xk)

dO-standard data, dl-deviation data and

d2-emergency response data.

=d (Xk, X;)
Distance function d (Xi. Xj)
d

Standard data: Its value and the definition of the

standard data no change or change compared allowable error in the data.

is
C q :i:JX 'k - xJk l ) k_l

ex"

X-J)
E

IIx-, - x-J II q

Deviation data: its value beyond definition data of

standard data, but of the data collected in safety critical range small changes.

Among, q

[1, + 00] , Minkowski distance is the

=

schematization of infinite distance metric, especially, when q

=

1, it is Manhattan distance, when q

2, it is

Emergency response data: Its values changed

greatly, beyond the safety critical data. The collected data scarely is the same to the former.
.S ..-.ddo1.O'Y'P0

Euclid distance, when q=+oo,it is Chebyshevdistance. Euclid distance is

Assume a given data set X {XJ,Xb . . . ,Xn} ,acording to the similarity degree of data ,will be divided into k cluster: {CJ,C2,
.

Figure 1.

multi-sensor data fusion clustering

,Ck},this course is called as Clustering,

According to the cluster analysis algorithm process, with all kinds of work safety production standard as clustering center will each data sample, as gradually
262

8 merge[ ].

Shown

in

figure

1.

The

application

of

Face ID: miners working a face work, the miners

where wireless sensor microcontroller identification marking after the first cluster package.

hierarchical clustering is defined as the grade 3 safety standards clustering center similarity criterion. According to the sample and the similarity of clustering center distance) (respectively, assign it to its most similar clustering center (representatives) clustering, When the sample is a hazard to safety standard dO (including error range) of the hour, ordinal distance is belonging to the same class standard sample data, belongs to the safety and stability of the redundant information and data fusion of sensor nodes to standard data type, and delete data redundant nodes, minimize information transmission.

Location

iriformation:

miners to

wireless

sensor

microcontroller

according

the

corresponding

reference node in a distributed positioning algorithm for computing the information for the package and send period is 30 seconds.

Alert ID: identification number of various data

collection sensors, such as gas sensors 0001, the temperature sensors 0002 and so on

Alert Status: wireless sensor microcomputer every

20 seconds, set the Threshold to determine with a variety of data acquisition sensors collecting data value comparison, single-chip set exceeds a set Threshold, the status value is set to 1, while trigger sending Threshold information, does not exceed the state value is set to 0, to initialize the sensor. The application of the encoding pattern of defining

When the sample with a hazard security warning value from the hour, ordinal dl sample will belong to the same type of data, the sample data deviations in safety critical, belongs to the scope of minor changes safety and stability critical data. When the sample with a safety hazard warning threshold value from the hour, ordinal d2 sample will belong to the same type of data, emergency warning sample data belongs to the scope of safety critical beyond immediate safety warning data. The sensor will only urgent warning data and change the deviation of the model code to cluster data of cluster head, according to the model code to will original the data data frame classification, coding and

data frames of the emergency response data type node, can realize the direct transmission of the threshold value data of emergently early-warning data. Cluster head do not need understanding the meaning of the data, so as to improve the efficiency of data transmission. At the same time, as miners working in mobile with multi-sensors, making full use of multi-sensor information collection can complement multi-source greatly to reduce the

application

redefine

misstatement and the uncertainty caused by the single sensor information limitations, and can effectively

triggering early warning mechanism, to transmit data using this algorithm, the nodes of the state determined data collection, according to the state to choose to the acquisition of cluster number of packets, this will greatly improve the energy efficiency of sensor nodes.
B.

determine the state of collected data to improve the accuracy of the emergency response, realizing the more reliable and effective working area hazard of monitoring and warning. And according to the state, the number of data packets can be dynamically selected to cluster head, improving the energy efficiency of the sensor node. When the deviation data and emergency response data is passed to real-time database through the nodes sensors, pooling sensors and gateway, applying the software ARCGlS and.NET develop the real-time

The Data transmission encoding technology of the intelligently early warning of safety
The intelligent safety warning will be triggered

when the data acquisition and emergency response data is sent as a source of hierarchical clustering algorithm, and is classified and fused. In order to realize real-time alarm, rapid transmission, fast response, sensitivity and so on, applying the SoC wireless sensor single sensor computer define the frames of deviation data, emergency response data as shown in figure 2.

database to realize the intelligence alert, whose logic diagram, as shown in figure 3. Through ARCGIS work mine picture with intelligent warning information display, user can determine the location and judge hazard type. For the same judgment hazards, SQL statements are called to the synergy query of associated data for auxiliary treatment, which provide real-time reference for inquiring hazard events. The actively warning and

o.

MOd.!
I

_._!
A .... TO

'N

............ 10

IO:;:;nl

Alo.1

r I

#.....

Figure2. data frame structure of sensor nodes

Among them, the miners ID: unique identifier for each miner sensors, so that mine personnel positioning system ID.
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triggered hazards analysis data model are built. At the same time, applying NET and data mining algorithms for

real-time database in the background risk of the source data, in-depth analysis and excavation was found between the various factors that produced the accident the law, for mine safety production of intelligent decision support.

clustering result according to the evaluation results of the reasonable standards.

III.CONCLUSION
In the paper, according to the problem existed in the data collection and transmission by wireless sensor in the intelligently early warning system of the mine safety, the data fusion of the hierarchical clustering algorithm with multi-sensor and the encoding technique of the define of

Figure 3. logic diagrams of early warning algorithms

the

data

frames are

putted

forward,

in which

the

C.

Experimental analysis
in a coal mine safety warning systems are being

complementary of multi-source information is made full use of to shield its redundancy effectively to improve the accuracy and reliability of the intelligently early warning information. standard For processing reducing the the redundant volume of class of data

measured parameters of common gas concentration, temperature and concentration of O2, CO concentration, dust concentration and pressure etc, with the experiment data collection for gas sensor experimentally data analysis. To collect the data of gas coal miners are mainly, such as large and vehicles, screeners, detection sensor colliery environment field gas parameters. Here is only for the concentration of gas concentration data acquisition on experimental analysis. In the gas monitoring, sensors, set n
=

data,

communication and reducing energy consumption. For deviation and emergency response data, their transfer and optimization of transmission are done through defining the data frames when triggering events, which effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of information, reduce the data transmission delay and reduce data conflict in collision phenomenon, to a certain extent, to improve the data collection efficiency of network, which can supply the accurate and reliable data for the mine safety production.

{clamps its Xl X2, ... Xu. clustering center, U

=

{A],

A2, A3} {class

standard data, deviation, emergency

response data, according to the gas safety data} {O.03, standard U

=

O.05}, gaining clustering the fusion results

shown in figure 4. The hierarchical data clustering results for class standard data fusion using single sensor, whether the evaluation results or the fusion results can judge the environment for security, data clustering is redundant data. To detect the error data type, single sensor is given the current state level, but the environment by

IV. REFERENCES
[I] Junxiang Sun, Changqing Li, Xiaoqing Mu, "KJ93 coal mine safety, production monitoring system of data transmission study," Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. I,2001 pp.58-61. [2] Zigbee Alliance document.http:PPwww. zigbee. org. [3] Zhang Jianming, Song Yingqing, Zhou Siwang. Reasearch on data aggregation Technology based on Wireless sensor networks, [J]. Computer Applications, 2006, 26 (6): 1273-1278. [4] Li Jianzhong, Li Jinbao, Shi Shengfei. Sensor networks and data management concepts, issues and progress [1]. Journal of Software, 2003, 14 (10): 1717-1727. [5] Ulakov A, Davcev D. Data Mining in Wireless Sensor NetworksBased on Artificial Neural Networks Algorithms[C]IIProc. of the Istlnternational Workshop on Data Mining in Sensor Networks ofSDM. [So I.]: SIAM Press, 2005: 10-16. [6]CuiLietc.Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks,Journal of Computer Research and Development,2005,42(1): 163174. [7] Lv Lintao, Duan Juanyun, Li Cui. Data Aggregation Model for Wireless Sensor Network [1]. Computer Engineering 2008.8 (15): 111113. [8] SHU Hong- ping, WANG Yun- feng, XU Zhen- ming, et al.Reasear ch on multir ada data fusion algor ithm based on K- mean cluster ing.Computer Engineer ing and Applications, 2007, 43( 16) : 183- 185.

hierarchical clustering fusion result according to the decision rules easily under the environment of gas

concentration in the critical state, data information trigger upload error. And to detect the emergency response data based on hierarchical clustering algorithm and the data definition of encoding data transmission directly warning.

figure 4. Clustering results show

In the experiment of how to select the clustering of clustering center value plays an important role in advance, the mode of distribution of that a priori knowledge instruction clustering center, can be satisfied, otherwise can choose some of different size que value, then several

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