CHAPTER III LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER Article 17 The carrier is liable for damage s stai!ed i! the e"e!

t of the death or #o !di!g of a $asse!ger or a!% other bodil% i!& r% s ffered b% a $asse!ger' if the accide!t #hich ca sed the damage so s stai!ed too( $lace o! board the aircraft or i! the co rse of a!% of the o$eratio!s of embar(i!g or disembar(i!g) Article 1* 1) The carrier is liable for damage s stai!ed i! the e"e!t of thedestr ctio! or loss of' or of damage to' a!% registered l ggage or a!% goods' if the occ rre!ce #hich ca sed the damage so s stai!ed too( $lace d ri!g the carriage b% air) +) The carriage b% air #ithi! the mea!i!g of the $recedi!g$aragra$h com$rises the $eriod d ri!g #hich the l ggage or goods are i! charge of the carrier' #hether i! a! aerodrome or o! board a! aircraft' or' i! the case of a la!di!g o tside a! aerodrome' i! a!% $lace #hatsoe"er) ,) The $eriod of the carriage b% air does !ot e-te!d to a!% carriageb% la!d' b% sea or b% ri"er $erformed o tside a! aerodrome) If' ho#e"er' s ch a carriage ta(es $lace i! the $erforma!ce of a co!tract for carriage b% air' for the $ r$ose of loadi!g' deli"er% or tra!sshi$me!t' a!% damage is $res med' s b&ect to $roof to the co!trar%' to ha"e bee! the res lt of a! e"e!t #hich too( $lace d ri!g the carriage b% air) Article 1. The carrier is liable for damage occasio!ed b% dela% i! the carriage b% air of $asse!gers' l ggage or goods) Article +/

1) The carrier is !ot liable if he $ro"es that he a!d his age!ts ha"eta(e! all !ecessar% meas res to a"oid the damage or that it #as im$ossible for him or them to ta(e s ch meas res) +) I! the carriage of goods a!d l ggage the carrier is !ot liable ifhe $ro"es that the damage #as occasio!ed b% !eglige!t $ilotage or !eglige!ce i! the ha!dli!g of the aircraft or i! !a"igatio! a!d that' i! all other res$ects' he a!d his age!ts ha"e ta(e! all !ecessar% meas res to a"oid the damage) Article +1 If the carrier $ro"es that the damage #as ca sed b% or co!trib ted to b% the !eglige!ce of the i!& red $erso! the Co rt ma%' i! accorda!ce #ith the $ro"isio!s of its o#! la#' e-o!erate the carrier #holl% or $artl% from his liabilit%) Article ++ 1) I! the carriage of $asse!gers the liabilit% of the carrier for each$asse!ger is limited to the s m of 1+0'/// fra!cs) 1here' i! accorda!ce #ith the la# of the Co rt seised of the case' damages ma% be a#arded i! the form of $eriodical $a%me!ts' the e2 i"ale!t ca$ital "al e of the said $a%me!ts shall !ot e-ceed 1+0'/// fra!cs) 3e"ertheless' b% s$ecial co!tract' the carrier a!d the $asse!ger ma% agree to a higher limit of liabilit%) +) I! the carriage of registered l ggage a!d of goods' the liabilit%of the carrier is limited to a s m of +0/ fra!cs $er (ilogram' !less the co!sig!or has made' at the time #he! the $ac(age #as ha!ded o"er to the carrier' a s$ecial declaratio! of the "al e at deli"er% a!d has $aid a s $$leme!tar% s m if the case so re2 ires) I! that case the carrier #ill be liable to $a% a s m !ot e-ceedi!g the declared s m' !less he $ro"es that that s m is greater tha! the act al "al e to the co!sig!or at deli"er%) ,) As regards ob&ects of #hich the $asse!ger ta(es charge himselfthe liabilit% of the carrier is limited to 0'/// fra!cs $er $asse!ger) 4) The s ms me!tio!ed abo"e shall be deemed to refer to theFre!ch fra!c co!sisti!g of 50 6 milligrams gold of millesimal fi!e!ess .//) These s ms ma% be co!"erted i!to a!% !atio!al c rre!c% i! ro !d fig res) Article +,

A!% $ro"isio! te!di!g to relie"e the carrier of liabilit% or to fi- a lo#er limit tha! that #hich is laid do#! i! this Co!"e!tio! shall be ! ll a!d "oid' b t the ! llit% of a!% s ch $ro"isio! does !ot i!"ol"e the ! llit% of the #hole co!tract' #hich shall remai! s b&ect to the $ro"isio!s of this Co!"e!tio!)

Article +4 1) I! the cases co"ered b% Articles 1* a!d 1. a!% actio! fordamages' ho#e"er fo !ded' ca! o!l% be bro ght s b&ect to the co!ditio!s a!d limits set o t i! this Co!"e!tio!) +) I! the cases co"ered b% Article 17 the $ro"isio!s of the$recedi!g $aragra$h also a$$l%' #itho t $re& dice to the 2 estio!s as to #ho are the $erso!s #ho ha"e the right to bri!g s it a!d #hat are their res$ecti"e rights) Article +0 1) The carrier shall !ot be e!titled to a"ail himself of the $ro"isio!sof this Co!"e!tio! #hich e-cl de or limit his liabilit%' if the damage is ca sed b% his #ilf l misco!d ct or b% s ch defa lt o! his $art as' i! accorda!ce #ith the la# of the Co rt seised of the case' is co!sidered to be e2 i"ale!t to #ilf l misco!d ct) +) 7imilarl% the carrier shall !ot be e!titled to a"ail himself of thesaid $ro"isio!s' if the damage is ca sed as aforesaid b% a!% age!t of the carrier acti!g #ithi! the sco$e of his em$lo%me!t) Article +5 1) Recei$t b% the $erso! e!titled to deli"er% of l ggage or goods#itho t com$lai!t is $rima facie e"ide!ce that the same ha"e bee! deli"ered i! good co!ditio! a!d i! accorda!ce #ith the doc me!t of carriage) / I! the case of damage' the $erso! e!titled to deli"er% m stcom$lai! to the carrier forth#ith after the disco"er% of the damage' a!d' at the latest' #ithi! three da%s from the date of recei$t i! the case of l ggage a!d se"e! da%s from the date of recei$t i! the case of goods) I! the case of

dela% the com$lai!t m st be made at the latest #ithi! fo rtee! da%s from the date o! #hich the l ggage or goods ha"e bee! $laced at his dis$osal) ,) E"er% com$lai!t m st be made i! #riti!g $o! the doc me!t ofcarriage or b% se$arate !otice i! #riti!g des$atched #ithi! the times aforesaid) 4) Faili!g com$lai!t #ithi! the times aforesaid' !o actio! shall lieagai!st the carrier' sa"e i! the case of fra d o! his $art) Article +7 I! the case of the death of the $erso! liable' a! actio! for damages lies i! accorda!ce #ith the terms of this Co!"e!tio! agai!st those legall% re$rese!ti!g his estate)

Article +* 1) A! actio! for damages m st be bro ght' at the o$tio! of the$lai!tiff' i! the territor% of o!e of the High Co!tracti!g Parties' either before the Co rt ha"i!g & risdictio! #here the carrier is ordi!aril% reside!t' or has his $ri!ci$al $lace of b si!ess' or has a! establishme!t b% #hich the co!tract has bee! made or before the Co rt ha"i!g & risdictio! at the $lace of desti!atio!) +) 8 estio!s of $roced re shall be go"er!ed b% the la# of theCo rt seised of the case) Article +. 1) The right to damages shall be e-ti!g ished if a! actio! is !otbro ght #ithi! t#o %ears' rec(o!ed from the date of arri"al at the desti!atio!' or from the date o! #hich the aircraft o ght to ha"e arri"ed' or from the date o! #hich the carriage sto$$ed) +) The method of calc lati!g the $eriod of limitatio! shall bedetermi!ed b% the la# of the Co rt seised of the case) Article ,/

1) I! the case of carriage to be $erformed b% "ario s s ccessi"ecarriers a!d falli!g #ithi! the defi!itio! set o t i! the third $aragra$h of Article 1' each carrier #ho acce$ts $asse!gers' l ggage or goods is s b&ected to the r les set o t i! this Co!"e!tio!' a!d is deemed to be o!e of the co!tracti!g $arties to the co!tract of carriage i! so far as the co!tract deals #ith that $art of the carriage #hich is $erformed !der his s $er"isio!) +) I! the case of carriage of this !at re' the $asse!ger or hisre$rese!tati"e ca! ta(e actio! o!l% agai!st the carrier #ho $erformed the carriage d ri!g #hich the accide!t or the dela% occ rred' sa"e i! the case #here' b% e-$ress agreeme!t' the first carrier has ass med liabilit% for the #hole &o r!e%) ,) As regards l ggage or goods' the $asse!ger or co!sig!or #illha"e a right of actio! agai!st the first carrier' a!d the $asse!ger or co!sig!ee #ho is e!titled to deli"er% #ill ha"e a right of actio! agai!st the last carrier' a!d f rther' each ma% ta(e actio! agai!st the carrier #ho $erformed the carriage d ri!g #hich the destr ctio!' loss' damage or dela% too( $lace) These carriers #ill be &oi!tl% a!d se"erall% liable to the $asse!ger or to the co!sig!or or co!sig!ee) CHAPTER I9 PRO9I7IO37 RELATI3: TO CO;BI3E< CARRIA:E Article ,1 1) I! the case of combi!ed carriage $erformed $artl% b% air a!d$artl% b% a!% other mode of carriage' the $ro"isio!s of this Co!"e!tio! a$$l% o!l% to the carriage b% air' $ro"ided that the carriage b% air falls #ithi! the terms of Article 1) +) 3othi!g i! this Co!"e!tio! shall $re"e!t the $arties i! the caseof combi!ed carriage from i!serti!g i! the doc me!t of air carriage co!ditio!s relati!g to other modes of carriage' $ro"ided that the $ro"isio!s of this Co!"e!tio! are obser"ed as regards the carriage b% air) CHAPTER 9 :E3ERAL A3< FI3AL PRO9I7IO37 Article ,+

A!% cla se co!tai!ed i! the co!tract a!d all s$ecial agreeme!ts e!tered i!to before the damage occ rred b% #hich the $arties $ r$ort to i!fri!ge the r les laid do#! b% this Co!"e!tio!' #hether b% decidi!g the la# to be a$$lied' or b% alteri!g the r les as to & risdictio!' shall be ! ll a!d "oid) 3e"ertheless for the carriage of goods arbitratio! cla ses are allo#ed' s b&ect to this Co!"e!tio!' if the arbitratio! is to ta(e $lace #ithi! o!e of the & risdictio!s referred to i! the first $aragra$h of Article +*) Article ,, 3othi!g co!tai!ed i! this Co!"e!tio! shall $re"e!t the carrier either from ref si!g to e!ter i!to a!% co!tract of carriage' or from ma(i!g reg latio!s #hich do !ot co!flict #ith the $ro"isio!s of this Co!"e!tio!) Article ,4 This Co!"e!tio! does !ot a$$l% to i!ter!atio!al carriage b% air $erformed b% #a% of e-$erime!tal trial b% air !a"igatio! !derta(i!gs #ith the "ie# to the establishme!t of a reg lar li!e of air !a"igatio!' !or does it a$$l% to carriage $erformed i! e-traordi!ar% circ msta!ces o tside the !ormal sco$e of a! air carrier=s b si!ess)

Article ,0 The e-$ressio! >da%s> #he! sed i! this Co!"e!tio! mea!s c rre!t da%s !ot #or(i!g da%s) Article ,5 The Co!"e!tio! is dra#! $ i! Fre!ch i! a si!gle co$% #hich shall remai! de$osited i! the archi"es of the ;i!istr% for Foreig! Affairs of Pola!d a!d of #hich o!e d l% certified co$% shall be se!t b% the Polish :o"er!me!t to the :o"er!me!t of each of the High Co!tracti!g Parties)

Article ,7

1) This Co!"e!tio! shall be ratified) The i!str me!ts of ratificatio!shall be de$osited i! the archi"es of the ;i!istr% for Foreig! Affairs of Pola!d' #hich #ill !otif% the de$osit to the :o"er!me!t of each of the High Co!tracti!g Parties) +) As soo! as this Co!"e!tio! shall ha"e bee! ratified b% fi"e of theHigh Co!tracti!g Parties it shall come i!to force as bet#ee! them o! the !i!etieth da% after the de$osit of the fifth ratificatio!) Thereafter it shall come i!to force bet#ee! the High Co!tracti!g Parties #ho shall ha"e ratified a!d the High Co!tracti!g Part% #ho de$osits his i!str me!t of ratificatio! o! the !i!etieth da% after the de$osit) ,) It shall be the d t% of the :o"er!me!t of the Re$ blic of Pola!dto !otif% to the :o"er!me!t of each of the High Co!tracti!g Parties the date o! #hich this Co!"e!tio! comes i!to force as #ell as the date of the de$osit of each ratificatio!) Article ,* 1) This Co!"e!tio! shall' after it has come i!to force' remai! o$e!for accessio! b% a!% 7tate) +) The accessio! shall be effected b% a !otificatio! addressed to the:o"er!me!t of the Re$ blic of Pola!d' #hich #ill i!form the :o"er!me!t of each of the High Co!tracti!g Parties thereof) ,) The accessio! shall ta(e effect as from the !i!etieth da% after the!otificatio! made to the :o"er!me!t of the Re$ blic of Pola!d) Article ,. 1) A!% o!e of the High Co!tracti!g Parties ma% de!o !ce thisCo!"e!tio! b% a !otificatio! addressed to the :o"er!me!t of the Re$ blic of Pola!d' #hich #ill at o!ce i!form the :o"er!me!t of each of the High Co!tracti!g Parties) +) <e! !ciatio! shall ta(e effect si- mo!ths after the !otificatio!of de! !ciatio!' a!d shall o$erate o!l% as regards the Part% #ho shall ha"e $roceeded to de! !ciatio!) Article 4/ / A!% High Co!tracti!g Part% ma%' at the time of sig!at re or ofde$osit of ratificatio! or of accessio! declare that the acce$ta!ce #hich he gi"es to this Co!"e!tio! does !ot a$$l% to all or a!% of his colo!ies'

$rotectorates' territories !der ma!date' or a!% other territor% s b&ect to his so"ereig!t% or his a thorit%' or a!% territor% !der his s ?erai!t%) +) Accordi!gl% a!% High Co!tracti!g Part% ma% s bse2 e!tl%accede se$aratel% i! the !ame of all or a!% of his colo!ies' $rotectorates' territories !der ma!date or a!% other territor% s b&ect to his so"ereig!t% or to his a thorit% or a!% territor% !der his s ?erai!t% #hich has bee! th s e-cl ded b% his origi!al declaratio!) ,) A!% High Co!tracti!g Part% ma% de!o !ce this Co!"e!tio!' i!accorda!ce #ith its $ro"isio!s' se$aratel% or for all or a!% of his colo!ies' $rotectorates' territories !der ma!date or a!% other territor% s b&ect to his so"ereig!t% or to his a thorit%' or a!% other territor% !der his s ?erai!t%) Article 41 A!% High Co!tracti!g Part% shall be e!titled !ot earlier tha! t#o %ears after the comi!g i!to force of this Co!"e!tio! to call for the assembli!g of a !e# i!ter!atio!al Co!fere!ce i! order to co!sider a!% im$ro"eme!ts #hich ma% be made i! this Co!"e!tio!) To this e!d he #ill comm !icate #ith the :o"er!me!t of the Fre!ch Re$ blic #hich #ill ta(e the !ecessar% meas res to ma(e $re$aratio!s for s ch Co!fere!ce) This Co!"e!tio! do!e at 1arsa# o! the 1+th October' 1.+.' shall remai! o$e! for sig!at re !til the ,1st @a! ar%' 1.,/)

>A<<ITIO3AL PROTOCOL A1ith refere!ce to Article +B The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves the right to declare at the time of ratification or of accession that the first paragraph of Article 2 of this Convention shall not apply to international carriage by air performed directly by the State, its colonies, protectorates or mandated territories or by any other territory under its sovereignty, suzerainty or authority.