Define Fluid. Why does a fluid flow? What are the applications of Fluid Mechanics? Give examples.

Why does an aeroplane fly at such a height? (Don't answer-it will crash into a building The correct answer- Since the density of air is lower at higher altitudes, the drag/resistance is minimum) What is Newton's Law of Viscosity? What is Archimedes Principle? What are the different type of fluids? Give examples. (E.g. Newtonian fluid-water) *Name the Non-Newtonian fluid that is present in human body at all times. (Ans- Blood)* What is Pascal's law? What is Hydrostatic Equation? Where is it applied? What is a sluice gate? What are Eulerian & Lagrangian approach? Describe the following type of flowsSteady, Unsteady Uniform, Non-uniform 1-dimensional, 2-d, 3-d. Write Navier-Stokes Equation (Both Cartesian & Cylindrical co-ordinates) *Examiners actually ask to write N-S eqn during vivas* Bernoulli's Equation What are followingHagen-Poiseulle Flow Plane- Poiseulle Flow Couette Flow What are the followingSource Sink Vortex Circulation Rankine's Half Body Rankine's Full Body Doublet What does the Kutta-Joukowsky law state?

Explain Prandtl's Mixing Length Theory. In what arrangement of pipes does the flow rate remain constant- parallel or series? Why does boundary layer formation occurs? What type of Velocity Profile exists for laminar & turbulent flow? What is a grid & a mesh in CFD? What is capillarity? 1] Define specific speed, unit speed and unit power 2] Compare Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine 3] What is indicator diagram ? Explain its importance in reciprocating pumps 4] Performances characteristics curves of centrifugal pump 5] Causes of cavitation and how to prevent it ? 6] Function of draft tube 7] Limitation of pelton wheel turbine 8] Explain centrifugal pump and explain its efficiencies

1] What is multistage pump ? 2] Advantages and disadvantages of Hydroelectric power plant over other types of power plant 3] Necessity of priming in centrifugal pump 4] Why pelton turbine is not suitable for low head and high discharge ? 5] Function of guide vanes in reaction turbines 6] Difference between NPSH available and NPSH required 7] Compare impulse and reaction turbine 8] Necessity of governing of turbine Draw p-v & T-s diagrams for Rankine cycle. Examiner asks questions based on the diagrams. 2) What is sub cooled liquid? 3) What is cut off ratio? 4) What is cut off point? 5)Draw p-v & T-s diagrams for Otto, Diesel & Dual cycles. Questions on the diagrams. 1. two statements of 2nd law of thermodynamics. 2. wat do u undrstand by thermal reservoir, source & sink?

3. difference btewn refrigerator and heat pump. 4. Y wont we use efficiency to measure the performance of refrigerator or heat pump? 5.prove inequivalency of kelvin-plank's & clausius statemnts of 2nd law of thermodynamics. 6. wat do u call a machine giving 100%? 7. y carnot engine is impracticable , then y 2 study? 8. 1st , 2nd & 3rd corollary of 2nd law of thermodynamics. 9. if d door of refrigerator is kept open in closed room for a sufficient time, den d temp. of room would increase or decrease?justify 1) What is stress/strain? 2) What are the diff types of stress? 3) Diff. btwn pressure and stress? 4) Explain temperature stress. 5) Draw and explain the stress-strain curve. 6) Define : Modulus of Elasticity/ Rigidity/ Bulk Modulus/ Poisson's ratio/ Volumetric strain/ Shear Force/ Bending Moment/ Shear Stress.. 7) What are the effects of diff types of loading on SFD and BMD? 8) What is sagging/hogging? 9) Draw shear stress distributions of I-section and T-section. 10) State Torsion's formula. 11) What is buckling? Diff. btwn short and long columns? 12) What is slenderness ratio? 13) What are thin shells? What is hoop stress/ longitudinal stress? Questions related to the experiment performed are also commonly asked... i) Diff btwn Izod and Charpy Tests ii) Diff btwn Brinell and Rockwell Tests iii) Diff btwn Single pt loading and double pt loading iv) Principle of the expt performed and its objective/s A friend of mine had performed the Izod test and he was asked using what kind of support was the specimen under test held? (he answered Cantilever support) Definitions of basic mechanical properties like hardness are asked as well. Hope you find this useful..

Both the Moment of Inertia and the section modulus are measurements of the relative stiffness of a cross section of steel piling. Generally speaking, I (Moment of Inertia) is a geometrical value, used for stiffness determination and is therefore important to determine deflections in the vertical cross section and is used for more general calculations when compared to section modulus which is usually used to determine the resistance in the horizontal cross section against bending moments. When calculating the stress in a steel pile, the formula using I is: stress = M*y / I where M is the bending moment at a point on the steel pile (called Design Moment) and y is the vertical distance from the bending axis at the middle (centroid) of the cross section. This is a general formula, because you can determine what the stress is at any point in the cross section by plugging in a value for y. However, for most civil engineering work using steel, the engineer is not as concerned about what the stress is at a given distance from the centroid of the steel pile as they are concerned about when it will yield. Therefore, section modulus is a more important and useful comparison and design criteria. To determine the section modulus, Z, you divide the Moment of Inertia by y. Therefore, Z = I/y Why is this more useful for engineers? Because if you switch this around, it also means that I = Z*y Substitute this into the stress formula, and you get: stress = M*y / Z*y The ys cancel out and you now have: stress = M/Z This is the stress at the extreme fiber of the beam, which is the worst case scenario. And obviously the worst case scenario is what civil engineers usually design for, in terms of designing a steel sheet pile for maximum strength. Note: On most steel piling projects that are to be bid for construction, it is best to have a Design Moment specified (e.g., 100 k-in/ft.) that engineers can work from, rather than a specified steel section, as this does not tell engineers the exact stresses that they need to work from.