Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

A series of 45 ft span composite beams at 10 ft o/c are carrying the loads shown below. The beams are ASTM A992 and are unshored. The concrete has f'c = 4 ksi. Design a typical floor beam with 3 in, 18 gage composite deck and 4.5 in normal weight concrete above the deck for fire protection and mass. Select an appropriate beam and required number of shear studs.

Lbeam 45 ft S 10 ft tslab 7.5 in

Material Properties: Fy 50 ksi f`c 4 ksi Loads: Dead load: kip Slab 0.075 ft 2 kip (assumed) Beam 0.008 ft 2 kip Misscellaneous 0.01 ft 2 Live load: kip Live 0.10 ft 2 (non-reduced) (ceiling, hangers, etc.) Fu 65 ksi E 29000 ksi [AISC Table 2-3, p. 2-39]

Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

Construction Load: kip Constructiondead 0.083 ft 2 kip Constructionlive 0.02 ft 2 Since each beam is spaced at 10 ft o/c: kip Dead ( (Slab + Beam + Misscellaneous) ) 10 ft = 0.93 ft kip Live Live 10 ft = 1 ft kip Constructiondead Constructiondead 10 ft = 0.83 ft kip Constructionlive Constructionlive 10 ft = 0.2 ft Calculate Factored Moment: kip wu 1.2 ( (Dead) ) + 1.6 ( (Live) ) = 2.72 ft
2 wu Lbeam Mu = 687 kip ft 8

[AISC Table 3-23, Example 1, p. 3-211]

Determine Effective Width: The effective width of the concrete slab is the sum of the effective widths for each side of the beam centerline which shall not exceed: 2 Lbeam 2 S beff min = 10 ft 2 8

[AISC

I3.1, p. 16.1-83]

Calculate the moment arm for the concrete force measured from the top of the steel shape, Y2. Assume a = 1in (Some assumption must be made to start the design process. An assumption of 1.0 in has proven to be a reasonable starting point in many design problems.)

Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

atrial 1 in atrial Y2 tslab = 7 in 2 Enter Manual Table 3-19 with required strength and Y2 = 7.0 in. Select a beam and nuetral axis location that indicates sufficient available strength. Select a W21x50 as a trial beam With PNA = BNL (See p 3-30, Figure 3.3c): bMn 770 kip ft flexural_strength if Mu bMn good else not good flexural_strength = good Check beam deflections and available strength. Check the deflection of the beam under construction considering only the weight of the concrete as contributing to the construction dead load. Limit the deflection to a maximum of 2.5 in to facilitate concrete placement (construction). 5 Constructiondead Lbeam 4 Ireq = 1056 in 4 384 E 2.5 in From Manual Table 3-20, a W21x50 has a Ix = 984, therefore this member doesn't satisfy the deflection criteria under construction. Using Manual Table 3-20 revise the trial secion to a W21x55 which has Ix = 1140 as noted in parenthesis below the shape designation. Check selected member strength as an unshored beam under construction loads assuming adequate lateral bracing through the deck attachment to the beam flange. Factored construction loads: [AISC, Table 3-19, p. 3-177]

Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

kip C1 1.4 Constructiondead = 1.16 ft kip C2 1.2 Constructiondead + 1.6 Constructionlive = 1.32 ft kip C max C1 C2 = 1.32 ft C Lbeam 2 Mu.unshored = 333 kip ft 8 bMpx 473 kip ft flexural_strength if Mu.unshored bMpx| | good | | else | not good | flexural_strength = good For a W21x55 with Y2 = 7 in, the member has sufficient available strength when PNA is at location 6 and Qn = 292 kips. Manual Table 3-19, p. 3-177 and Manual Table 3-20, p. 3-200. bMn 756 kip ft [AISC, Table 3-19, p. 3-177] [AISC, Table 3-2, p. 3-17]

flexural_strength if Mu bMn | | good | | else not good | | flexural_strength = good Check "a": Qn 292 kip Qn a = 0.716 in 0.85 f`c beff

Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

| check_a if a atrial | good | | else not good | | flexural_strength = good Check live load deflection: Lbeam LL.allowable = 1.5 in 360 A lower bound moment of inertia for composite beams is tabulated in Manual Table 3-20. For a W21x55 with Y2 = 7 in and the PNA at location 6, Ilb = 2440. ILB 2440 in 4 5 Live Lbeam 4 LL = 1.3 in 384 E ILB deflection if LL LL.allowable| | good | | else | not good | deflection = good Determine if the beam has sufficient available shear strength: Lbeam Vu wu = 61 kip 2 vVnx 234 kip shear if Vu vVnx | | good | | else not good | | shear = good [AISC, Table 3-2, p. 3-17] [AISC, Table 3-20, p. 3-200]

Example I-1: Composite Beam Design

Determine the required number of shear studs: Using perpendicular deck with one 0.75 in diameter weak stud per rib in normal 4 ksi concrete, Qn = 17.2 kip/stud. dstud 0.75 in Qn 17.2 kip Qn Studs = 17 Qn [AISC, Table 3-21, p. 3-207]

(on each side of the beam)

Total number of shear connectors; use 2(17) = 34 shear connectors Check the spacing of the shear connectors: stud_spacing if 6 dstud < 12 in < 8 tslab good else not good stud_spacing = good The studs are to be 5 in long so that they will extend a minimum of 1.5 in into the slab.