1. Assuming that an analog signal is given by = 5 cos2 2000 + 3 cos2 3000 and it is sampled at the rate of 8,000 Hz.

Hz. a. Sketch the spectrum of the sampled signal up to 20 kHz. b. Sketch the recovered analog signal spectrum if an ideal low-pass a cutoff frequency of 4 kHz is used to filter the sampled signal to recover the original signal c. Assuming a digital signal processing (DSP) system with a sampling time interval of 125 microseconds, convert each of the following continuous time (CT) signals to the discrete-time function, ][ i. = 10 ii. = 10 sin2000 d. The periodic signal = sin 2 is sampled using the rate of = 4 Hz. i. Compute the spectrum using the samples in one period ii. Plot the two-sided amplitude spectrum over the range from -2 to 2 Hz. 2. Consider a digital sequence sampled at the rate of 10 kHz. If we use a size of 2000 data points and apply the 2048-point FFT to compute the spectrum, a. Determine the frequency resolution b. What will be the values of remaining data points for FFT computation c. Determine the highest frequency in the spectrum d. Determine the number of data points by using the FFT algorithm if the frequency resolution is less than 0.5 Hz. 3. Determine the sampling rate for the following analog signals, i. = 2 sin300 + 2 sin1750 + 2 cos150 ii. = sin2050 2 sin740 For the above signals, determine the sampling rate if the analog low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1 kHz is applied before sampling process.

4. a. What is the use of elementary signal in the area of signal processing? b. What are advantages and disadvantages of digital signal processing (DSP)? c. Represent the rectangular function and signum function in terms of step function. d. Explain the use of analog filter before sampling process. e. Determine the system impulse response,, of the models:

5. The ECG signal is usually corrupted by various kinds of noise, namely power line interference, electrode contact noise, motion artifacts, muscle noise, instrumentation noise and electrosurgical noise. a. Design a simple filter that can smooth out the high-frequency noises in the ECG signal. b. Find the transfer function of this filter. c. Is this IIR system? Justify d. What will be the filtering effect if we use a larger filter length?

6. Brain waves are generated by the building blocks of your brain cells. Brain cells communicate with each other by electrical changes. We can actually see these electrical changes in the form of brain waves as shown in an electroencephalogram. Brain waves are measured in cycles per second (or Hz). We also talk about the "frequency" of brain wave activity. The lower the number of Hz the slower the brain activity. The frequency range of each brain wave is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Frequency range of brain waves and their behaviors We want to develop an automated brain wave detection system, which can be used to monitor the students falling asleep in a class. a. Based on the information given in Fig. 1, find an optimal filter for designing a monitoring/detection system. b. Find the transfer function of that filter. c. A second-order band pass filter is to be constructed using RC components that will only allow beta brain waves. Assuming that both the resistors have values of 10 ks, calculate the values of the two capacitors required.

7. Although the accepted range of the diagnostic ECG is often quoted to be from 0.05 Hz (for ST analysis) to 40 or 100 Hz, information does exist beyond these limits. Ventricular late potentials (VLPs) are microvolt fluctuations that represent areas of delayed ventricular activation. Therefore, VLPs, are interesting for heart disease diagnosis. The upper frequency limit of VLPs can be as high as 500 Hz. On the low frequency end of the spectrum have demonstrated that sleep apnea may be diagnosed by observing power changes in the ECG at 0.02 Hz. a. For the above given specification, design sampler and quantizer with appropriate parameters. b. Draw a simplified block diagram of ECG data acquisition module.

8. An RC circuit consists of an input voltage source Vin connected in series with a resistor and a capacitor. a. Find the impulse response for the capacitor voltage. b. Find the impulse response for the resistor voltage. c. Derive expressions for the voltages across the resistor and capacitor in terms of the known step input voltage, the capacitance and the resistance. d. What is the definition of the time constant? e. Derive the transfer functions for the capacitor and the resistor and find the poles and zeros of the transfer functions. f. Find the magnitude of the gains and the phase angles across the two components. g. Derive the expression for the cutoff frequency. h. Find the phase shift angle at the cutoff frequency point.

9. a. The graphs in Fig. 1(a) show the input and output waveforms of an amplifier. What is the gain of this circuit? b. What is the voltage gain of this circuit shown in Fig. 2 (b)? c. In the circuit shown in Fig. 2(c), what value of R1 is required to give a voltage gain of 50? .

(a)

(b)

(c)

10. Explain each of the functional blocks of a simplified block diagram shown in Fig. 2 with an appropriate design parameter.

11. Assuming that a 4-bit ADC channel accepts analog input ranging from 0 to 5 volts, determine the following: a. number of quantization levels; b. step size of the quantizer or resolution; c. quantization level when the analog voltage is 3.2 volts; d. binary code produced by the ADC; e. quantization error. 12. If the analog signal to be quantized is a sinusoidal waveform, that is, = 9.5 sin2000 and if the bipolar quantizer uses 6 bits, determine a. number of quantization levels; b. quantization step size or resolution, D, assuming that the signal range is from -10 to 10 volts; c. the signal power to quantization noise power ratio.