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www.kth.se/student/program-kurser/kurshemsidor/kurshemsidor/control/EL2745
Carlo Fischione
Course goal
After finishing the course, the attendants will know the essential control, networking and signal processing tools to cope with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). They will understand the design issues of WSN and will be able to develop WSNs applications.
Todays lecture
Course overview
Introduction to WSNs
Instructors
Carlo
Fischione, lecturer, carlofi@kth.se Gadimi, teaching assistant, euhanna@kth.se Xu, teaching assistant, yuzhe@kth.se Holmqvist, administration, hanna.holmqvist@ee.kth.se
Euhanna Yuzhe
Hanna
Course content
Part 1
Lec 1: Introduction Lec 2: Programming Lec 3: Sensor modelling Lec 4: Physical layer Lec 5: Mac layer Lec 6: Routing
Part 2
Lec 7: Estimation Lec 8: Detection Lec 9: Positioning and localization Lec 10: Time synchronization
Part 3
Lec 11: Networked control systems 1 Lec 12: Networked control systems 2 Lec 13: Security Lec 14: Summary
Course material
Compendium: exercises sold at STEX No book: lectures will be based on various chapters from
G.J. Pottie and W.J. Kaiser, Principles of Embedded Networked Systems Design Cambridge, 2005 W. Dargie and C. Poellabauer, Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2010 H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2005.
Lecture notes: handed out at lectures, available online Homework: 3 exercises to hand in. First deadline, Feb 3 Software: Matlab and TinyOS
Useful links
http://www.wsnblog.com/ http://www.dustnetworks.com/ http://www.sensinode.com/ http://www.sentilla.com/ http://www.xbow.com/Home/wHomePage.aspx http://www.hartcomm.org/ http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/roll-charter.html http://www.ipso-alliance.org/Pages/Front.php http://www.isa.org/ http://www.tinyos.net/ http://www.sics.se/contiki/ http://www.zigbee.org/ http://www.ee.kth.se/~mikaelj/wsn_course.shtml http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/eecs194/ http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/energy_efficient_systems.htm http://wsnl.stanford.edu/ http://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.885/spring06/readings.html http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/course/cs263/fa04/ http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~jgao/CSE595-spring09/
Blogs Industries
WSNs Standard
University courses
Practical Information
Office: Osquldas vg 10, floor 6. Office Times: Whenever you like, by appointment, send an e-mail. Prerequisites: The course is self-contained, familiarity with linear algebra and analysis. Grades: based on homework (admission to exam) and exam.
Todays lecture
Course Overview
Introduction to WSNs
WSNs
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) make Internet of Things possible Computing, transmitting and receiving nodes, wirelessly networked together
Characteristics of WSNs
Battery-operated nodes Limited wireless communication Mobility of nodes No/limited central manager
History of WSNs
Application of WSNs
Industrial control Environmental monitoring Transportation
Marine monitoring
Health care
Economist
Smart Buildings
WSNs to Control of temperature, light intensity, air and humidity.
www.instablogsimages.com
Source: Ed Arens
Smart grids
source: http://deviceace.com/
Smart grids: Smart Grids: It's All About Wireless Sensor Networks (http://
stanford.wellsphere.com)
Added flexibility
Less restrictive maneuvers and control actions More powerful control through distributed computations Reduced installation and maintenance costs Less cabling
WSN allows one to perform distributed camera calibration Application: massive graphic effects in film production
Participants in a WSN
Sources of data: Measure data, report them somewhere
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Transceiver states
Transceivers can be put into different operational states, typically:
Transmit Receive Idle
ready to receive, but not doing so Some functions in hardware can be switched off, reducing energy consumption a little Sleep significant parts of the transceiver are switched off Not able to immediately receive something Recovery time and startup energy to leave sleep state can be significant
Lets now focus on the protocols followed at the communication device and the controller
WSN Protocols
The behavior of a node is specified by a set of protocols, or set of rules with
which the node operate. Optimization and Parallel and Distributed Computation Theories are the essential mathematical tools to design WSNs
Protocol stack Application Presentation Session Cross-layer interaction Transport Routing MAC Phy
Application
be a vector of radio powers Each element of the vector is the radio power used for transmission by a node Let be the interference that the radio power has to overcome so that the receiver can receiver successfully the transmitted information Interference Function
The radio powers of every sensor must be minimized subject to
Tx Rx
nodes
Application
is one of the major component for energy expenditure. Especially, idly waiting to receive packets wastes huge amounts of energy
Application
battery capacity Path metric: Sum of battery levels Example: A-C-F-H Minimum battery cost routing Path metric: Sum of reciprocal battery levels Example: A-D-H Conditional max-min battery capacity routing Only take battery level into account when below a given level Minimum total transmission power
4 3 A 1 2 3 D B 1 2 3 E 1 4 H 2 2 G 2 1 C 2 2
Phy
4 2 F
Application
The state of a process is sensed by wireless nodes State information reaches the controller via multi-hop routing How the protocols and the controller interact?
Summary
We have seen the key aspects of WSNs
Applications Difference Nodes,
Programming.
You have to make some installations on your computer before the lecture See instructions on www.kth.se/student/program-kurser/kurshemsidor/kurshemsidor/ control/EL2745