Name:__________Kieu Pham_________________ 1311 Final Exam 1) What is Aristotles definition of rhetoric? What does this mean?

- Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic. Both alike are concerned with such things as come, more or less, within the general ken of all men and belong to no definite science. - It means that using language effectively to persuade, inform, educate, or entertain. Also, Rhetoric is defined as the ability to see what is possibly persuasive in every given case. 2) What are the three types of persuasive appeals that Aristotle introduces us to? Explain each in detail and provide examples as necessary. - Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. - Ethos: relates to the credibility of a speaker. For example: appearing competent, trustworthy, and dynamic, and citing credible sources. - Logos: relates to the reasoning and logic of an argument. For example: presenting factual, objective information that serves as reasons to support the argument; and using credible supporting material like expert testimony, definitions, and statistics. - Pathos: relates to the arousal of emotion through speech. For example: using vivid language and vocal variety, cadence, and repetition. 3) Illustrate Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Also, how can Maslows Hierarchy be utilized in persuasive messages?

- Maslows hierarchy of needs states that there are several layers of needs that human beings pursue. They include physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and selfactualization needs. Since these needs are fundamental to human survival and happiness, tapping into needs is a common persuasive strategy. Appeals to needs are often paired with positive or negative motivation, which can increase the persuasiveness of the message.

4) Discuss and identify the steps for the Motivated-Sequence pattern of Persuasion It is an organizational pattern used to develop a sense of want or need in the audience, satisfy that want or need, and to help the audience get enthused about the advantages of that solution. - Attention: to get audience to listen. - Need: to get audience to feel a need or want. - Satisfaction: to tell audience how to fill need or want. - Visualization: to get audience to see benefits of solution. - Action: to get audience to take action. 5) Why is there no such thing as a pure Problem/Solution speech? Explain your answer in detail. - It is a persuasive speech, so you should make your speech the more persuasive the better to let the audience take your side. Therefore, you should make the problem sound more serious, and provide really good solutions. 6) What are you seeking to do when speaking to inform? This can also be thought of as a goal. How can you accomplish this? Are you taking a particular role? If so, why? Remember to discuss in detail. - We seek to help audiences understand and remember the information and ideas that we provide. - To be able to accomplish this as a goal, we need to answer the questions what, why, how to describe what we want to inform to our audiences and to make them understand our speeches. Also, provide accurate, meaningful and clarifying information and demonstrate on what we are presenting. - We are taking a particular role in our informative speech. That role is to teach an audience something using objective factual information. Also, make the audience want to learn from our speeches. 7) Should an Informative speech contain Persuasive elements? Why or why not? Should a Persuasive speech contain Informative elements? Why or why not? - An Informative speech should not contain Persuasive elements because the main intent of an informative speech is to explain, describe, define, or demonstrate a topic for your audience. If there are some Persuasive elements in your Informative speech, then your speech is becoming a persuasive speech after all. - A Persuasive speech should contain Informative elements. It should be because to be able to persuade your audiences you should first give them the meaningful and trustful information or ideas. Then get your audience to accept your ideas. 8) What are the three types of speaker credibility? Explain and provide an example for each. - Initial credibility: comes from a speaker's reputation and occurs before the speech starts. For example: When the presenter walks up to the front. - Derived credibility: created by the content and delivery of the speech. For example: At the time a presenter says and does during the speech. - Terminal credibility: the impression a speaker leaves with the audience. For example: when a presenter ends her/his speech.

9) What is Nonverbal Communication? Nonverbal communication is a process of generating meaning using other than words. 10) What are the various ways we integrate Nonverbal Communication with our verbal communication? - Accent: emphasize some part of the verbal message. - Complement: to add nuances of meaning not communicated by your verbal message. - Contradict: deliver a meaning opposite to what is being said. - Regulate: control the flow of the conversation. - Repeat: restate the verbal message nonverbally. - Substitute: take the place of verbal messages. 11) Define and explain the three major areas of study for Nonverbal Communication. - Kinesics: the study of humans movement and gesture like hand, arm, body, face or head movements, and eye contact. For example, a boy will shake his head when he doesnt like something. - Proxemics: the study of how space and distance influence communication. For example, when we look at two people who are communicate with each other, according to the space between them, we can know they are close or distance. - Haptics: the study of communication by touch. For example, hugging each other or shaking hands.