Uniclass L322 CI/SfB (2-) 2003

EPIC F611 Ff5

DC4 Structural Principles

Notes:
The requirements for structural design are given in Part A Structure of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. Guidance including the simple rules for small buildings, is contained in DoE Approved Document A 1992 for England & Wales, the Small Buildings Guide Scotland. For more complex structures the methods in BS 5628: Part 3 Use of Masonry should be followed. Figures apply to unplastered masonry unless otherwise stated.

Design Considerations
Non-loadbearing internal panels
An economical form of construction for large commercial and industrial buildings is non-loadbearing blockwork panels between concrete or steel framing members. Calculation methods are given in BS 5628: Part 3. The following tables can be used as guidance for strengths and thicknesses of blocks needed for a range of panel sizes. Stability of blockwork walls can be enhanced by returns at the end of walls and by the use of piers. Opening in the wall, and movement joints, may affect stability. Returns at ends of walls, and short returns at intersections, should be bonded and extend to at least 1/3 of the height of the wall to provide stability.

Panels with lateral restraint at both ends, not at top Maximum wall height for block thickness (m) Wall length (m) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Thickness (mm) 100 140 190 3.30 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 6.62 4.62 2.62 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 9.27 7.27 5.27 3.27 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85
Minimum length = 1/3rd height Debonded every other course 2.5m maximum

5m maximum

90 3.97 1.97 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

215 10.60 8.60 6.60 4.60 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22

The maximum panels dimensions included are based on limiting dimensions only and checks for stability under internal wind pressure condition should be done by structural engineer

Panels with lateral restraint at both ends, and top Maximum wall height for block thickness (m) Wall length (m) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Thickness (mm) 100 140 190 5.00 4.67 4.33 4.00 3.67 3.33 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 7.33 7.00 6.67 6.33 6.00 5.67 5.33 5.00 4.67 4.33 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 10.00 9.67 9.33 9.00 8.67 8.33 8.00 7.67 7.33 7.00 6.67 6.33 6.00 5.70 5.70 5.70 5.70

90 4.33 4.00 3.67 3.33 3.00 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70

215 11.33 11.00 10.67 10.33 10.00 9.67 9.33 9.00 8.67 8.33 8.00 7.67 7.33 7.00 6.66 6.45

Panels with lateral restraint at top only Maximum wall height for block thickness (m) Wall length (m) Any length natural or painted Any length plastered (25mm) Thickness (mm) 100 140 190 3.00 4.20 5.70

90 2.70

215 6.45

3.45

3.75

4.95

6.45

7.20

High Street, Brandon, Suffolk IP27 0AX - Tel: 01842 810678 - Fax: 01842 814602 - E-mail: info@lignacite.co.uk - Website: www.li gnacite.co.uk Meadgate Works, Nazeing, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 2PD - Tel: 01992 464441 - Fax: 01992 445713

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Design Considerations
Freestanding walls subjected to imposed lateral (wind) load only
The following information relates wall height and thickness to exposure situation. The following assumptions apply: Height means overall height from point of lowest restraint normally foundation concrete. Compressive strength of blocks is 3.5 N/mm and density not less than 1400 kg/m. No horizontal DPCs are incorporated, except those capable of resisting loadings as the remainder of the wall for example, engineering bricks. Joints are filled flush to the masonry face. Piers not included. Note: No structural element should be considered in isolation and a qualified Engineer may need to be consulted. For further information and assistance, contact Lignacite Ltd.
Cardiff

Structural Principles

Wind Zone 4 Wind Zone 3 Wind Zone 2

Aberdeen

Wind Zone 1

Edimburgh

Belfast Newcastle

Dublin

Liverpool

London

Wall Thickness (mm) Wind Zone 1 Thickness ratio: 8.5 Central/ South-East England Wind Zone 2 Thickness ratio: 7.5 East Anglia & Central/ West/North England Maximum height (mm)

100

140

150

190

200

215

850

1199

1275

1615

1700

1827

Maximum height (mm)

750

1050

1125

1425

1500

1612

Wind Zone 3 Thickness ratio: 6.5 Maximum Cornwall, W Wales, height (mm) Cumbria, S & E Scotland Wind Zone 4 Thickness ratio: 6.0 Maximum West Scotland, height (mm) Highlands & North Ulster

650

910

975

1235

1300

1397

600

840

900

1140

1200

1290

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