ST2238 Introductory Biostatistics

p-values for the sign test

This table gives p-values for the sign test for sample sizes n of 20 or less for the hypothesis that the median of
the population is zero. The tabulated values are the p-values corresponding to the values of the test statistic,
C, where C is the number of positives in the sample. If any data are equal to 0, they should be omitted and
the sample size reduced accordingly. For n > 20, C is approximately normally distributed with mean = n/2
and variance s2 = n/4, and so the p-value can be approximately computed by comparing 2C/n 1 to standard
normal tables. For n 4, p-values are always more than 6%. The tabulated p-values are for the two-sided
alternative.

n=5
C
0
1
2
n=6
C
0
1
2
3
n=7
C
0
1
2
3
n=8
C
0
1
2
3
4
n=9
C
0
1
2
3
4
n = 10
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
n = 11
C
0
1
2
3
4
5

C
5
4
3

p
0.0625
0.3750
1.0000

C
6
5
4

p
0.0313
0.2188
0.6875
1.0000

C
7
6
5
4

p
0.0156
0.1250
0.4531
1.0000

C
8
7
6
5

p
0.0078
0.0703
0.2891
0.7266
1.0000

C
9
8
7
6
5

C
10
9
8
7
6

C
11
10
9
8
7
6

p
0.0039
0.0391
0.1797
0.5078
1.0000

p
0.0020
0.0215
0.1094
0.3438
0.7539
1.0000

p
0.0010
0.0117
0.0654
0.2266
0.5488
1.0000

n = 12
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
n = 13
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
n = 14
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
n = 15
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
n = 16
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Created by Alex Cook, National University of Singapore

C
12
11
10
9
8
7

p
0.0005
0.0063
0.0386
0.1460
0.3877
0.7744
1.0000

C
13
12
11
10
9
8
7

p
0.0002
0.0034
0.0225
0.0923
0.2668
0.5811
1.0000

C
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

p
0.0001
0.0018
0.0129
0.0574
0.1796
0.4240
0.7905
1.0000

C
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

p
0.0001
0.0010
0.0074
0.0352
0.1185
0.3018
0.6072
1.0000

C
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

p
0.0000
0.0005
0.0042
0.0213
0.0768
0.2101
0.4545
0.8036
1.0000

n = 17
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
n = 18
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
n = 19
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
n = 20
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

C
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

p
0.0000
0.0003
0.0023
0.0127
0.0490
0.1435
0.3323
0.6291
1.0000

C
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

p
0.0000
0.0001
0.0013
0.0075
0.0309
0.0963
0.2379
0.4807
0.8145
1.0000

C
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

p
0.0000
0.0001
0.0007
0.0044
0.0192
0.0636
0.1671
0.3593
0.6476
1.0000

C
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

p
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0026
0.0118
0.0414
0.1153
0.2632
0.5034
0.8238
1.0000

Page 1