CHAPTER-1

-1-

Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.1 INTRODUCTION Our main aim to develop this project is to automate the various activities of the school. The project School Management System- A case study of Arunodaya Senior Secondary

School, Mandi is designed once and can be updated many times,

so the burden of maintenance is short listed by some general guidelines: The project consist with using number of tables and queries. Every table is filled with specific data such as student information, result record. That will provide information about: Keeping the records of the Students. Keeping the records about the result of the students. Calculation of the admission fee and monthly fee. In this project MS Access will be used to store information which will use as the back end. The front end of the project will be in VB.NET the end of the project is designed keeping in mind that: 1. The records can be successfully added, deleted according to the user needs. 2. To calculate the admission fee and monthly fee of the students.
-2-

1.2 CONCEPT OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT A school is the basal unit of the big hierarchy of educational administration. To-day, as never before, India needs educational institutions not only to guard its past but also to advance its future. The destiny of India is now being shaped in the class room this is the assessment of situation by the first ever comprehensive commission (1964-66) on Indian education. Characteristics of Successful School Management 1. Flexibility. 2. Practicability. 3. Conformity to the social & political philosophy of the country. 4. Efficiency. 5. Successful achievement of desired objectives. Objective of School Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. To reflect and conserve basic values. To carry out educational futures. To manage social changes. To profit by experience. To carry out Modernization. To propagate Science. To adopt technology.
-3-

8. 9.

To realize National Integration. To form character and value

1.3 CONCEPT OF MECHANIZATION, AUTOMATION AND COMPUTERIZATION MEC HANIZATION Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work. It can also refer to the use of machines to replace manual labour or animals. A step beyond mechanization is automation. The use of hand powered tools is not an example of mechanization. The term is most often used in industry. The addition of powered machine tools, such as the steam powered lathe dramatically reduced the amount of time needed to carry out various tasks, and improves productivity. Today very little construction of any sort is carried out with hand tools. CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Automation or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for
-4-

human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds, as well as highlevel tasks such as strategic planning, currently require human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is possible. Specialized hardened computers, referred to as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a tight control of almost any industrial process. Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-machine interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other computers, such as entering and monitoring temperatures or pressures for further automated control or emergency response. Service personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as stationary engineers.
-5-

Impact Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of highly visible industries beyond manufacturing. Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Automated teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the shift in the world economy from agrarian to industrial in the 19th century and from industrial to services in the 20th century. The widespread impact of industrial automation raises social issues, among them its impact on employment. Historical concerns about the effects of automation date back to the beginning of the industrial revolution, when a social movement of English textile machine operators in the early 1800s known as the Luddites protested against Jacquard's automated weaving looms often by destroying such textile machines that they felt threatened their jobs. One author made the following case. When automation was first introduced, it caused widespread fear. It was thought that the displacement of human operators by computerized systems would lead to severe unemployment. Critics of automation contend that increased industrial automation causes increased unemployment; this was a
-6-

pressing concern during the 1980s. One argument claims that this has happened invisibly in recent years, as the fact that many manufacturing jobs left the United States during the early 1990s was offset by a one-time massive increase in IT jobs at the same time. Some authors argue that the opposite has often been true, and that automation has led to higher employment. Under this point of view, the freeing up of the labour force has allowed more people to enter higher skilled managerial as well as specialized consultant/contractor jobs (like cryptographers), which are typically higher paying. One odd side effect of this shift is that "unskilled labour" is in higher demand in many first-world nations, because fewer people are available to fill such jobs. At first glance, automation might appear to devalue labor through its replacement with less-expensive machines; however, the overall effect of this on the workforce as a whole remains unclear. Today automation of the workforce is quite advanced, and continues to advance increasingly more rapidly throughout the world and is encroaching on ever more skilled jobs, yet during the same period the general well-being and quality of life of most people in the world (where political factors have not muddied the picture) have improved dramatically. What role automation has played in these changes has not been well studied. Current emphasis Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of automation has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing
-7-

costs, to broader issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing process. The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and reduce costs was seen to be short-sighted, because it is also necessary to provide a skilled workforce who can make repairs and manage the machinery. Moreover, the initial costs of automation were high and often could not be recovered by the time entirely new manufacturing processes replaced the old. (Japan's "robot junkyards" were once world famous in the manufacturing industry.) Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially. For example, automobile and truck pistons used to be installed into engines manually. This is rapidly being transitioned to automated machine installation, because the error rate for manual installment was around 1-1.5%, but has been reduced to 0.00001% with automation.[5] Hazardous operations, such as oil refining, the manufacturing of industrial chemicals, and all forms of metal working, were always early contenders for automation. Another major shift in automation is the increased emphasis on flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing Product A to manufacturing Product B without having to completely rebuild the production lines. Flexibility and distributed processes have led to the introduction of Automated Guided Vehicles with Natural Features Navigation. Automation tool
-8-

Different types of automation tools exist: ANN - Artificial neural network DCS - Distributed Control System HMI - Human Machine Interface SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition PLC - Programmable Logic Controller CONCEPT OF COMPUTERIZATION It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out tasks that were once done by manual labour, e.g. car production was once labour intense but the introduction of machinery and robotic arms and computers alleviated the need for manual labour to carry out repetitive tasks . The introduction of automation and computer technology and robotics led to the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks were and still are replaced with the knock on effect of increased unemployment. It is an ongoing process with the positive side being the advancement of technology and opportunities in that field . good luck . need any more , shout . A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (19401945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as
-9-

much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PC). Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers, in various forms, are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devicesfor example; they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys. The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The ChurchTuring thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS, COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

-10-

A school is the basal unit of the big hierarchy of educational administration. To-day, as never before, India needs educational institutions not only to guard its past but also to advance its future. The destiny of India is now being shaped in the class room this is the assessment of situation by the first ever comprehensive commission (1964-66) on Indian education. Characteristics of Successful School Management 1. Flexibility. 2. Practicability. 3. Conformity to the social & political philosophy of the country. 4. Efficiency. 5. Successful achievement of desired objectives. Objective of Schools Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. To reflect and conserver basic values. To carry out educational futures. To manage social change. To profit by experience. To carry out Modernization. To propagate Science. To adopt technology. To Realize National integration. To form character and values.

SCHOOL ORGANIZATION School organization is a combination of two work, Viz, School and organization. In order to understand the meaning of school
-11-

organization, it is essential to understand the meaning of school and organization separately. The purpose of school organization and the administration is to raise the standard of education. Many factors have contributed to the decline in the standard of school education in India, but the main ones among them are the administrative difficulties of inspection or supervision and survey. Hence the Education Commission has offered the following suggestions for improving the standard of education at the school level: 1. A common method of public education should be evolved. 2. School education should be organized at the national level, with their distinct objective(a) Bringing all institutions to a certain minimum standard, (b) Giving each institution the opportunity to develop to the highest level of which is capable, (c) Taking each institution to the idea point within the next ten years. 3. The officer of the district education officer should be made effective. 4. All kinds of programmes should be organized in the certainly administrated territories. COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out tasks that were once done by manual labour, e.g. students information, students result records, calculating their fee in an educational institute is done manually, which are time consuming and
-12-

of much labour, but the introduction of machinery and robotic arms and computers alleviated the need for manual labour to carry out repetitive tasks. The introduction of automation and computer technology and robotics led to the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks were and still are replaced with the knock on effect of increased unemployment. It is an ongoing process with the positive side being the advancement of technology and opportunities in that field, Good luck need any more, shout. Computerisation and automation of activities of schools results in reduction of labour, time consumption and clerical mistakes and increase in the accuracy. The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile. Any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.

-13-

CH APTER-2

-14-

CHAPTER-2
NEED, OBJECTIVES & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NEED OF STUDY Here is the need to make a project School Management System A case study of GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.). The project maintains the records of the students, their result records and calculating their admission fee and monthly fee. Since all the records are maintained by handwritten, the procedure is quite lengthy and time consuming. So there is a need of such kind of project. Objectives of the study: 1. To develop a fully computerized system with the fulfillment of most of the needs. 2. To study the computerization of different activities of the school. 3. To study the present status of computerization in GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.). 4. To make a software for the automation of various activities of the school. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The information regarding this project is collected from GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.). And other required information is gathered from Internet. In this project all the work is done in high level language VB.NET and MS-ACCESS. VB.NET will serve as the
-15-

Front-End and MS-Access will serve as the Back-End for the project.

What is .NET?
.NET represents an entire range of technologies and concepts that form a platform on which you can develop applications. Visual Basic .NET does have an actual version number, 7.0 the number just isnt used often. Just as windows 2000 is really Windows NT version 5.0, the simpler or catchier name will generally be the one commonly used. Dont expect to hear Visual Basic 7.0 often though; there was even a cash penalty inside Microsoft for referring to windows 2000 as NT 5.0. .NET is a layer that exists beneath your programs and provides a set of base services and functions. This layer contains a set of applications and operating systems called the .NET servers; a foundation set of objects called .NET framework, and a set of services that support all the .NET languages, called the Common Language Runtime (CLR). .NET is more than just one thing; it is a collection of software and concepts that work together to enable the creation of business solutions.

-16-

.NET Servers
A major goal of the .NET concept is to decrease the building of distributed system, in which the work is done in several different locations. For the most part, these types of systems do their work on the back end, at the server level . Microsoft provides a set of Software products that together are known as the .NET Enterprise servers. They are designed to supply the back end features needed by a distributed system. These products include The server operating system, Microsoft Windows Clustering and load balancing software such as Center and Microsoft cluster server. A database server, Microsoft SQL server An e-mail, collaboration, and free-form information storage System, Microsoft Exchange Server A data-transformation engine based around XML called Microsoft Biz Talk Server A server for accessing legacy systems, such as AS/400s, called Host Integration server And more.. Together these servers supply base services to .NET applications, forming the foundation of systems. Microsoft App

-17-

.NET Framework In the move to Visual Basic .NET, many things have changed radically; one of them is the development of a new foundation to all the .NET develo0pment tools. This foundation, known as the .NET framework, provides two key things: the base runtime environment and a set of foundation classes. The runtime environment is similar to the operating system in that it provides a layer between your program and the complexities of the rest of the system, performing services for your application and simplifying access to the functionality of the lower layers. The foundation classes provide a large set of functionality, wrapping, and abstraction such technologies as Internet protocols, file system access, XML manipulation, and more. The .NET framework is similar in many ways to the operating system, and it provides its own set of APIs to make it easy for programmers to take advantage of its capabilities. Figure illustrates the frameworks relationship to your code and to the underlying services of the operating system.

-18-

MS Access
MS Access is a powerful multi-user database. It can be used to store and manipulate large amount of information and automate repetitive tasks. By using MS Access it is easy to use data input forms. Data in Access is organized in the form of tables. Database in Access has a default extension of (.accdb). Features:1. Window based Application. 2. Large data management capacity. 3. Importing, exporting and linking external files. 4. Built in functions.

-19-

CHAPTER-3

-20-

CHAPTER-3
PROFILE OF ARUNODAYA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, MANDI
Arunodaya Senior Secondary School, Mandi is a private educational institution. This school is suited at Mandi (H.P.). This School was started on 1993. The very first batches of each class were started on April 1993. The school has well educated and experienced staff. This is a Senior Secondary School. This school provides the education from 6 th standard to 12th standard classes. This school also provides the IT education for the students of all classes. The school has three laboratories Viz Physics lab, Chemistry lab, and IT lab. The school has got excellent result every year. Students get good positions in the board examinations. Some of them got place in the merit list of the board examinations. School is also good in Sports activities.

-21-

CHAPTER-4

-22-

-23-

CHAPTER-4
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
The word system covers a verb rod spectrum of concepts. In our daily life, we come into contact with the Transportation system, the Electronic system, the electronic system, the accounting system, and the computer system. Similarly, business systems are the means by which business organization achieve their predefined goals. A business system combines policies, personnel, and equipment and computer facilities to co-ordinate the activities of a business organization. Essentially, a business system represents an organized way of achieving the pre-determined objective of an organization. There are various definitions of the word system, but most of them seem to have a common idea that suggest that a system is an orderly grouping of independent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific goal. The word component may refer to physical parts, managerial steps or a subsystem in a multilevel structure. The components may be simple or complex, basic or advanced. They may be single computer with a keyboard, memory and printer or series of intelligent terminals linked to a main frame. Steps in SDLC are: System Analysis System Design System Testing

-24-

System Analysis
Problem The success of a system depends largely on how accurately a problem is defined, thoroughly investigated, and properly carried out through the choice of solution. User need identification and analysis are concerned with what the user needs rather then what he/she wants. Not until the problem has been identified, defined, and evaluated should the analyst think about solutions and whether the problem is worth solving. This step is intended to help the user and the analyst understand the real problem rather then its symptoms. The user or the analyst may identify the need for a candidate system or for enhancements in the existing system. For example, the cashier of a bank may become concerned about the long customer lines in the lobby or about the number of tellers who are point over or short when they balance their cash. the operation may Similarly, an analyst who is the familiar with Often between the user

out a bottleneck and suggest improvements. problems come into focus after a joint meeting and the analyst. In either case, the user filling out a request from for

initiates an investigation by expected benefits.

information. The request provides for statements of objectives and The objectives of the problem situation must be understood within the framework of the organizations MIS objectives. If objectives are misunderstood, it is easy to solve the wrong problem. It
-25-

illustrates that the successful design of a system requires a clear knowledge of what the system is intended to do. System analysis and design refers to the process of examining the business situation with the intent of improving it through better procedures and methods. System development can generally be thought of as having two major components: System Analysis & System Design. System Design is the process of planning a new system or replace or complement the existing system. But before this planning can be done, we must thoroughly understand the existing system and determine how computers can best be used to make its operation more effective. It also includes the construction of program and program testing. The major steps are: 1) 2) The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced The operational phases are handled through program and in which format. Samples of output are also presented. construction and testing of a list of programs needed to meet the system objectives and complete documentation. 3) The finally detail related to justification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are documented. 4) The final report prior to the implementation of phases to procedure flow chart, record and report, layout and a workload program for implementation the candidate system. 5) Cost must also be available at this point. Projected costs must System analysis then is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and using the information to recommend
-26-

be closed to actual cost of implementation.

improvement to the system should do. Design states how accomplish the objective.

Normalization
The basic Objectives of normalization are to reduce redundancy, which means that information is to be stored only once. increase in the total size of data stored. Storing are information several times leads to wastage of storage space and Relations normalized so that when relation in the database are to be altered during the lifetime of the database, we dont lose information or introduce inconsistencies. The type of alterations normally needed for relation is: Insertion of new data values to relation. This should be possible without being forced to leave blank fields for some attributes. Deletion of a tuple, namely, a row of a relation . This should be possible without losing vital information unknowingly. Functional Dependency As the concept of dependency is very important, it is essential that we first understand it will and then proceed to the idea of normalization. There is no fool-proof algorithmic method of identifying dependency. We have to use our commonsense and judgments of specify dependencies. Properties of normalized relations:-

-27-

Ideals relation after normalization should have the following properties: No data values should be duplicated in different rows unnecessarily. A value must be specified (and required) for every attribute in a row. Each relation should be self-contained. In other words, if a row from a relation is deleted, important information should not be accidentally lost. When a row is added to a relation, other relations in the database should not be affected. A value of an attribute in a tuple may be changed independent of other tuples in the relation and other relations. First Normalization First normal form, abbreviated as 1NF. This form is also called a flat-file. There is no composite attributes, and every attribute is single and describe one property. Converting a relation to the 1NF is the first essential step of normalization. form is improvement over the earlier form. There are successive higher normal forms known as 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF. Each

1NF 2NF 3NF 4NF 5NF

-28-

Figure 1: Successive normal forms of a relation Dependency among attributes in a relation. Identification of an attribute or asset of attributes as the key of a relation. Multivalued dependency between attributes. Second Normal Form Relation We will now define relation in Second Normal Form (2NF). A relation is said to be in 2NF if is it is in 1NF and non-key attributes are functionally dependent on the key attribute. Further, if the key has more then one attribute then no non key attribute should be functionally dependent upon the part of key attributes. Third Normal Form A Third Normal Form normalization will be needed where all attribute in a relation tuple is not functionally dependent only one key attribute. If two non-key attributes are functionally dependent, then there will be unnecessary duplication of data. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) Assume that a relation as more then one possible key. Assume further that the composite key have a common attribute. If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key, a normalization called BCNF is needed. Fourth and Fifth Normal Form
-29-

When attribute in a relation have Multivalued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF
required

Feasibility Study
Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. The process followed in marking this determination is called a feasibility study. This type of study determines if a project can and should be taken once it has been determined that a project is feasible, the analyst can go ahead and prepare the project specification which finalizes project requirements. The important outcome of the proposed system is the determination whether the system requested a feasible or not. That requirements need for a rigorous feasibility study in the conduct of the feasibility study, the analyst will usually consider three distinct but interrelated types of feasibility. They are: Technical Feasibility This is the concerned with specifying equipment and software that will success fully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include. The facility to produce output in a given time. Response time under

-30-

certain conditions ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed. Facility to communicate data to distant location. In technical feasibility, configuration of the systems is given more importance their actual make a hardware. The configuration should give the complete picture about the systems requirement how many works section are required, how these units are communicate interconnected so that they could operate and

smoothly what speeds of input and output should be achieved at particular quality of printing. Specific hardware and software products can then be evaluated. Keeping in view with the logical needs out of all types of feasibility, technical feasibility generally is the most difficult to determine. Operational Feasibility It is mainly related to human organizational and Political aspects. The points to be considered are: What change will be brought with the system? What organizational structure is disturbed? What new skill will be required? Generally project wills not rejected simply because of operational infeasibility but such considerations are likely to critically affect the nature and scope of the eventual recommendations. This feasibility study is carried out by a small group of people who are familiar with information system techniques, who understand the parts of the business that are relevant to the project and are skilled in system analysis design process.

-31-

Economical Feasibility Economic analysis is the most frequently used

technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis; the procedure is to determine the benefits and saving that are expected from a proposed system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, a decision is taken to design and implement the system other wise, further justification or alternative in the proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. This is an on going effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of the system life cycle.

System Design
System Modules This system is based on a lot of data base inter-relationships. The user is however kept opaque to all of these interrelationships and will feel as if he is working with the single integrated system. To keep the resends of each students and to store information of each students we design different tables. Data Base Design The selection of the tables and the access was method of the system is aimed while at the at providing efficient processing capability the redundancy and in same time minimizing

inconsistency of the data between various files MS-ACCESS is used as it provides all the above mentioned qualities. All the tables
-32-

the system are in the normalized form following is the detailed discussions of all the tables are used in the system in addition the contents of each record are listed. The primary key(s) are the with not null attribute. Each table has its own primary keys which uniquely identify each record. The system consists of the following files about the students: Master Files Master files of the system are those in which the data are entered during the enrollment of the employee in the organization. Transaction files An input validation check has been placed in all of the transaction tables. If the student with the student roll-number exists in the master these transaction tables allows to enter, modify data otherwise student does not exist in the master would we found.

Testing
No program or system design is perfect; communication between the user and designer is not always complete or clear; and time is usually short. The result is errors and more errors. The number and nature of errors in a new design depend on several factors: Communication between the user and the designer. The programmers ability to generate a code that reflects exactly the system specification. The time frame for the design.
-33-

Theoretically, a newly designed system should have all the pieces in working order, but in reality, each piece works independently. Now is the time to put all the pieces into one system and test it to determine whether it meets the users requirements. Testing is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that if all the parts of system are correct, the goal will be successfully achieved. Non-testing leads to errors that may not appear until months later. This creates two problems: a) The time lag between the cause and the appearance of the problem, and b) The effect of system errors on files and records within the system.

Types of System Tests System testing begins by testing programs modules separately, followed by testing bundled modules as a unit. A program module may function perfectly in isolation but fail when interfaced with other modules. The approach is to test each entity with successively larger ones, up to the system last level. System testing consisting of the following steps: Program(s) testing String testing System testing System documentation User acceptance testing
-34-

1. Program testing A program represents the logical elements of a system. For a program to run satisfactorily, it must compile and test data correctly and tie in properly with other programs. Achieving and error free program is the responsibility of the programmer. Program testing checks for two types of errors: syntax and logic. A syntax error is a program statement that violates one or more rules of the language in which it is written. A logic error, on the other hand, deals with incorrect date fields, out of range items, and invalid combination.

2. String testing Programs are invariably related to one another and interact in a total system. Each program is tested to see whether it conforms to related programs in the system. Each portion of the system is tested against the entire module with both test and live data before the entire system is ready to be tested. 3. System testing System testing is design to uncover weaknesses that were not found in earlier tests. This includes forced system failure and validation of the total system as it will be implemented by its user(s) in

-35-

the operational environment. Generally, it bring with low volume of transaction based on live data. 4. System documentation All design and test documentation should be finalized and entered in the library for the further reference. This library is the central location for maintenance of the new system. The format, organization, and language of each documentation should be in line with the system standards.

-36-

CHAPTER-5

-37-

Chapter-5
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION, DIRECTION FOR FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY This project School Management System A case study of GGS Public High School Mandi (H.P.).has helped me to know much about the Organisation and Management of Schools. The coding of this project is done in VB.NET language. The system is more flexible as it provides easy addition, deletion, modification and insertions of the records and check for uniqueness simultaneously the system is also very user friendly and thoroughly checks for the inputs. There are different forms and tables are used. The data is stored in tables automatically. I tried my best to do this project. However the whole system can not be changed, but the computerized system designed not only saves time but at the same time reduces labour & expenditures. In traditional system, there were lot of irregularities founds in generating data to where as in modified and computerized system in every problem overcome with the press of button. This system provides the security from loss, disclosure, modification and destruction of data. This system provides integrity of proper functioning of programs.

-38-

OUTPUT WINDOWS

SPLASH FORM

-39-

LOGIN FORM

-40-

MDI FORM

-41-

CHANGE PASSWORD FORM

-42-

CREATE NEW USER FORM

-43-

NEW ADMISSION FORM

-44-

VIEW OR UPDATE OR DELETE ADMISSIONDETAILS

-45-

ADMISSION FEE FORM

-46-

MONTHLY FEE FORM

-47-

RESULT RECORD FORM

-48-

UPDATE RESULT RECORD FORM

-49-

STUDENTS REPORT

-50-

VIEW ALL ADMISSION FEE COLLECTION REPORT

-51-

VIEW ALL MONTHLY FEE COLLECTION REPORT

-52-

Bibliography
Elias System Analysis and Design- Galgotia Publications. Pressman, Roger S. Software Engineering, -McGraw-Hill Publications. MS-ACCESS- BPB Publications Mastering in VB.Net -BPB Publications Black Book-Visual Basic.Net Programming Prince, Anne Murachs Beginning Visual Basic .NETMurach Publications Deitel & Deitel Visual Basic .NET How to ProgramPrentice Hall Publications Halvorson, Michael Microsoft Visual Basic .NET Step by Step Microsoft Press Publications Cornell, Gary Morrison & Jonathan- Programming VB.NET Apress Publications Blair et all, Richard Beginning VB.NET (2nd Edition)- Wrox Press Publications

-53-