MahaBharata-Sanskrit[Team Nanban][TPB]

About Veda Vyasa:

Vyasa is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions. He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa , (the one who classified the Vedas in to four parts) or Krishna Dvaipayana (referring to his complexion and birthplace). He is the author as well as a character in the Mahabharata and considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas, and the supplementary texts such as the Puranas. A number of Vaishnava traditions regard him as an Avatar of Vishnu. Vyasa is sometimes conflated by some Vaishnavas with Badarayana, the author of the Vedanta Sutras. Vyasa is also considered to be one of the seven Chiranjivins (long lived, or immortals), who are still in existence according to general Hindu belief.

The festival of Guru Purnima, is dedicated to him, and also known as Vyasa Purnima as it is the day, which is believed to be his birthday and also the day he divided the Vedas.

SHORT DESCRIPTION ON MahaBharata:

The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa. Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kauravas and the Pandavas, the Mahabharata contains much philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas (12.161). The latter are enumerated as dharma (right action), artha (purpose), kama (pleasure), and moksha (liberation). Among the principal works and stories that are a part of the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right. Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are not thought to be appreciably older than around 400 BCE, though the origins of the story probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE.

The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (ca. fourth century CE). The title may be translated as "the great tale of the Bharata dynasty". According to the Mahabharata itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply Bharata. The mahabharata in its longest version consists of over 100000 shloka or over 200000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet ), long prose passages, or about 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is roughly ten times the length of the Iliad and Odyssey combined, or about four times the length of the Ramayana. W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahabharata to world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, and the Quran.

The 18 parvas of Mahabharata

The division into 18 parvas is as follows:

Parva title

subcontents parvas

Adi Parva (The Book of 119 the Beginning)

How the Mahabharata came to be narrated by Sauti to the assembled rishis at Naimisharanya. The recital of the Mahabharata at the sarpasattra of Janamejaya by Vaishampayana at

. The history of the Bharata race is

told in detail and the parva also traces history of the Bhrigu race. The birth and early life of the Kuru princes. (adi means first)

Maya Danava erects the palace and court (sabha), Sabha Parva (The Book 2028 at Indraprastha. Life at the court, Yudhishthira's Rajasuya Yajna, of the Assembly Hall) the game of dice, and the eventual exile of the Pandavas.

Vana Parva also Aranyaka-parva, Aranya-parva (The Book of the Forest)

2944 The twelve years of exile in the forest (aranya).

Virata Parva (The Book 4548 The year in incognito spent at the court of Virata. of Virata)

Udyoga Parva (The Book of the Effort)

Preparations for war and efforts to bring about peace between 4959 the Kurus and the Pandavas which eventually fail (udyoga means effort or work).

Bhishma Parva (The Book of Bhishma)

6064

The first part of the great battle, with Bhishma as commander for the Kauravas and his fall on the bed of arrows.

The battle continues, with Drona as commander. This is the Drona Parva (The Book 6572 major book of the war. Most of the great warriors on both sides of Drona) are dead by the end of this book.

Karna Parva (The Book 73 of Karna)

The battle again, with Karna as commander.

Shalya Parva (The Book of Shalya)

The last day of the battle, with Shalya as commander. Also told in detail is the pilgrimage of Balarama to the fords of the river 7477 Saraswati and the mace fight between Bhima and Duryodhana which ends the war, since Bhima kills Duryodhana by smashing him on the thighs with a mace.

10

Sauptika Parva (The Book of the Sleeping Warriors)

Ashvattama, Kripa and Kritavarma kill the remaining Pandava 7880 army in their sleep. Only 7 warriors remain on the Pandava side and 3 on the Kaurava side.

11

Gandhari, Kunti and the women (stri) of the Kurus and Pandavas Stri Parva (The Book of 8185 the Women) lament the dead.

12

The crowning of Yudhisthira as king of Hastinapura, and Shanti Parva (The Book instructions from Bhishma for the newly anointed king on society, 8688 of Peace) economics and politics. This is the longest book of the Mahabharata (shanti means peace).

13

Anushasana Parva(The Book of the 8990 The final instructions (anushasana) from Bhishma. Instructions)

14

Ashvamedhika Parva(The Book of the Horse Sacrifice)

The royal ceremony of the Ashvamedha (Horse sacrifice) 9192 conducted by Yudhisthira. The world conquest by Arjuna. The Anugita is told by Krishna to Arjuna.

15

The eventual deaths of Dhritarashtra, Gandhari and Kunti in a Ashramavasika forest fire when they are living in a hermitage in the Himalayas. Parva (The Book of the 9395 Vidura predeceases them and Sanjaya on Dhritarashtra's Hermitage) bidding goes to live in the higher Himalayas.

16

Mausala Parva (The Book of the Clubs)

96

The infighting between the Yadavas with maces (mausala) and the eventual destruction of the Yadavas.

17

Mahaprasthanika Parva (The Book of the 97 Great Journey)

The great journey of Yudhisthira and his brothers across the whole country and finally their ascent of the great Himalayas where each Pandava falls except for Yudhisthira.

18

Svargarohana Parva(The Book of the Ascent to Heaven)

98

Yudhisthira's final test and the return of the Pandavas to the spiritual world (svarga).

khila

Harivamsa Parva(The Book of the Genealogy of Hari)

99 100

Life of Krishna which is not covered in the 18 parvas of the Mahabharata.

Sources: Wikipedia.

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