CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. RESEARCH BACKGROUND

Considering the reading subject that students have to learn, one type of text that students have to read and learn is narrative texts. Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story. In addition, it allow students to know the past event or history about something. To improve students knowledge, its important for them to comprehend the reading passages well. Comprehension is the most important aspect of reading. But, in fact many students in SMA got difficulties when they are comprehend reading passages. Thats because the students primary language is not English. Based on the writer observation in SMA, many students are poor in reading skill. Many of them had difficulties when they comprehending text. One of the teachers that has interview by writer said the students get difficulties to answer the question related to the text. Besides that, they get difficulties to identify the main idea, understand the details and the

complexity of vocabularies. With this all difficulties, students become passive when comprehending the text, and become bored when the teachers are teaching reading skill.

B. RESEARCH PROBLEM To conducting a research the writer should have a problem. The problem in this research is: 1. How good is the students reading comprehension of narrative text at the tenth grade students in SMAN 1 Sungai Raya in academic year 2012/2013? 2. What are the problems that students faced on reading comprehension of narrative text?

C. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The purpose of this research is to find the students reading comprehension of narrative text and find the problems that students faced at the tenth grade students in SMAN 1 Sungai Raya.

D. SCOPE OF RESEARCH In order for a more detailed research, the authors restrict it to be investigated. This research limited as follows:

1. RESEARCH VARIABLE This research provide one variable namely students reading comprehension of narrative text in tenth grade at SMAN 1 Sungai Raya.

2. TERMINOLOGY

a. Reading is a process to get information and knowledge b. Reading comprehension is a skill to understanding the information from a text. c. Narrative text is a text that tell past even d. The tenth grade student at SMAN 1 Sungai Raya is the sample of this research. e. SMAN 1 Sungai Raya refers to one of senior high school in Kubu Raya. Located in Jalan Adisucipto Komplek Panglima Sudirman.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter discuss about reading comprehension, categories in reading comprehension, stages in reading comprehension, narrative text, and students reading comprehension of narrative text in SMAN 1 Sungai Raya. A. READING COMPREHENSION Reading comprehension means ability to understand what has been read. Mary Kay Linge (2000:2) said that reading comprehension is the way to understanding the main idea from the author. As defined by Partnership for Reading (2005), Reading comprehension is understanding a text that is read, or the process of "constructing meaning" from a text. Comprehension is a "construction process" because it involves all of the elements of the reading process working together as a text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind. Comprehension is defined as the skill to get the meaning of the text (Groundlund 1985:36). In reading, comprehension is a process of simultaneously extracting and constructing through interaction and

involvement with written language.

B. STEPS IN READING COMPREHENSION 1. SPEED READING Speed reading technique can be used as one of the way to gain an effective learning. Speed reading is a reading technique by moving the eyes rapidly, word by word, phrase by phrase, or line by line. Speed reading techniques aimed so that readers can understand the reading quickly. How to read faster: 1. Concentration while reading. 2. Eliminate the habit of reading with voice and lip movement. 3. Extend the reach of the eye when reading. 4. Do not repeat readings.

2. SKIMMING Skimming (skimming) used to do when reading a newspaper or other light readings. Reading technique is done with the aim to find the necessary flow of information. When reading, not all the information in the passage needs to be read, only the things that are important to represent the information we want to know. Skimming is reading techniques do glance at

the parts of the text, especially the title, table of contents, preface. index or other common things. According to Ellis (1985:45) becoming a speed reader involves: being selective in the way described above, so that they speed up whenever and nowever it is possible to do so-that is, they learnt to be alert to oppurtunities for missing out or skimming some of the materials.

3. SCANNING Read by scan also called read scanning, the reading technique used to obtain the information without reading the others. But directly on the issue is needed. Scanning technique, usually done when looking for a phone number, find the meaning of words or terms in the dictionary, and look up information in an encyclopedia.

4.

INTENSIVE READING Intensive reading is reading yan techniques can be applied in an

attempt to find information that is detailed. Intensive reading can also be applied to search for information as a basis for discussion. Intensive reading, called also read carefully. Reading it carefully will gain an interesting subject or subject of a reading text for discussion. The things that must be considered in the intensive reading are as follows:

1. read the observant so as to determine the most interesting of the other things, 2. consider the ability of self-dal capability friend discussion regarding the ability of self-control or understand the subject to be discussed, and 3. consider the reference held by the relevant participants will be discussed.

5. EXTENSIVE READING Extensive reading is reading is done in a way not so detailed. Extensive reading activities intended to obtain information that is the important points and not the things that are detailed. Based on the basic information, we can already see or draw conclusions about the subject or the main issues discussed. Extensive reading can be used when reading some of the text that has the same major problem. We can draw conclusions about the text that has the same main issue, although discussion of the details are different. Things that should be considered when reading two texts extensively: 1. read both texts as a whole, thus gaining an understanding of both the content of the text, 2. understand the fine points presented in each text, 3. comparing the two texts, so as to obtain a picture of the similarities and differences, and

4. draw conclusions about the two main problems of text.

C. NARRATIVE TEXT As Thomas S. Kane (2000: 363-364) states a narrative is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is sequential in that the events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence always involves an arrangement in time (and usually other arrangements as well). A straightforward movement from the first event to the last constitutes the simplest chronology. However, chronology is sometimes complicated by presenting the events in another order: for example, a story may open with the final episode and then flash back to all that preceded it. A narrative has meaning in that it conveys an evaluation of some kind. The writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and states or implies that reaction. This is the "meaning," sometimes called the "theme," of a story. Meaning must always be rendered. Characters and action are the essential elements of any story. Also important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place where the action occurs. Characters are usually people sometimes actual people, as in history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in novels. Occasionally characters are animals, and sometimes a dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a character (the sea, an old house). The action is what the characters say and do and anything that happens to them. Action is often presented in the form of a

plot. Action is, so to speak, the raw material; plot, the finished product, the fitting together of the bits and pieces of action into a coherent pattern. Simply put, the narrative is known as a story. In the narrative there are events or incident in a time sequence. In the event, there are characters who face a conflict. The three elements in the form of events, characters, and conflict is a fundamental element of a narrative. If these three elements together, these three elements is called the plot or storyline. Thus, the narrative is a story presented by the plot or storyline. In the beginning of the narratives story, it usually contain an introduction that introduces the atmosphere and character. The initial part should be made attractive in order to bind the reader. The middle part is the part that raises a conflict. Conflict then directed towards the climax the story. After conflict rise and reached a climax, the story gradually abating. End of story has a way of easing the disclosure is mixed. There are narrative that tell the long, some are short, some are trying to hang with the ending invited readers to guess by theirself.

1. The features of narrative text Keraf (2000:136) specify the features of narrative text into four parts, that are: 1). Emphasize the elements of the act or acts, 2).Arranged in chronological order, 3).Attempted to answer the question "what happened?", 4).There is a conflict. More over Atar Semi (2003: 31) states the features of

narrative are: 1). story about the event or the author's experience. 2).Event that are presented in the form of events that actually occurred, can be sheer imagination or a combination of both. 3).Have aesthetic value. 4).Emphasize the chronological arrangement. 5). Based on the conflict, because without conflict the narrative is not interesting.

2. Generic structure Orientation: can be paragraph, a picture or opening chapter) in which the narrator tells the readers about who in the story, when the story is taking place and where the action is happening. Complication that sets off a chain of events that influences what will happen in the story. Sequences event where the characters react in the complication. A resolution in which the characters finally sort out the complication. Coda that provides a comment or moral value based on what has been learned from the story.

3. Language features Nouns as a pronoun or others things in the story, example: housework, stepsister. Time connectivities and conjunction to organized the event, for example: before, then, finally, etc. Adverb and adverbial phrases to show where the story is taking place and show the manner, example: in the jungle, happily. Action verbs in past tense: went, ran. Saying verbs that sign an expression such as: told, said.

4. Kinds of narrative text

a. Informative narrative

Informative narrative is a narrative that has a target to deliver information in a timely about an event with the aim of expanding knowledge of the person's story.

b.

Expository narrative Expository is a narrative that has a target to deliver information in a timely about an event with the aim of expanding knowledge of the person's story. In exspository narrative, the author tells of an event based on the actual data. Actors will find usually, one person. Actors told a small start up or until the last moment of his life. Narrative essay is colored by the exposition, the exposition provisions also apply to writing narrative exspository. This provision relates to the use of a logical language, based on facts, does not include sugestive or be objective.

c. Narrative suggestive Suggestive narrative is a narrative that seeks to provide a purpose, conveying a veiled message to the reader or listener so that it looks as if seen.

D. STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION OF NARRATIVE TEXT AT SMAN I SUNGAI RAYA The research focus in one variable, the variable is students at SMAN I Sungai Raya. Based on the competences standard in SMA, in reading subject students have to understanding the main idea, and are able find the implicit or explicit information from the text. Besides that, students have to identify each word to comprehend the text. Basically, narrative text has been taught in senior high school at tenth grade. But, the students still get difficulties when they comprehending a text. its because they lack in vocabularies and grammatical. In this research, the writer collecting data based on the students score in reading comprehension. And the writer will manipulate the teaching and learning process to know the students activities when they are learn reading subject.