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Lesson Plan SMA

School Subject Class / Semester Learning Material Time Allotment I. II. Competency standards Basic Competencies : SMA A Palembang : Chemistry : Class XI / Semester I : Hess Law : 2 x 45 minutes

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: 2. Understand the energy change in chemical reaction and the calculation : 2.2 Determine the enthalpy change (H) reaction based on experiment, using Hess law, enthalpy change standard data, and bond energy data. III. Indicators : 1. Define the Hess law state. 2. Calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using the Hess law. 3. Calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using standard enthalpy change of formation, decomposition, and combustion data. IV. Learning Objectives the textbook. 2. Given the problems, students can calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using the Hess law according to the answer key. 3. Given the problems, students can calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using standard enthalpy change of formation, decomposition, and combustion data according to the answer key. V. Learning Material A. Hess Law Hess law states, The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the reaction. : 1. Through the class discussion, students can define the Hess law state according to

H1 A+B H2 H3 C+D Hess law Diagram From hess law diagram shown above , H with the same direction is written with positive sign, whereas H with different direction is written with negative sign. H1 - H2 - H3 = 0 or H1 = H2 + H3 B. Calculate H using standard enthalpies change of reaction The standard enthalpy change of formation of a substance, denoted with H f . The reverse of formation reaction is decomposition. The standard enthalpy change of decomposition reaction of a substance denoted with H d . And the standard enthalpy change of combustion reaction is denoted with Hc . The standard enthalpy change of formation reaction of a substance is given by the formula: Hr (reaction) = np. Hf (products) nr. Hf (reactants) VI. Learning Model and Method Learning Model : Cooperative learning Learning Method : Discussion and presentation VII. Learning Activities No Teacher 1. Introduction: Teacher starts the lesson Student Activities byStudents listen Time Allotment 10 minutes P+Q

greeting, checking the attendance and class cleanliness, giving the motivation, communicating the indicators and time allotment. Apperception: Throw out some questions about enthalpy change

and hess law. 2. Main activities Exploration: The teacher divided the students inStudents some group discussion groups 2 minutes form some

The teacher gives out the learningStudents get the learning material completed with somematerials and problems problems to the students Students discuss The students discuss the material with their group Students students to ask and Guide the contribute opinions

10 minutes 3 minutes

communicate and contribute their opinions and ask if they are still not fully understood Elaboration: Guide the students in each group to solve the problems given Ask each student to be honest and conscientious in answering the Students present their answers 15 minutes problems or questions given, and be responsible for the answer Conduct formative evaluation by asking the students to present their answer and the others being a good listener in order to respond when the teacher ask Confirmation: The teacher gives the response for the students answers, re-explain or correct the answers Give the good feedback for the students who have presented their answers 10 minutes Students problems solve the 25 minutes

3. The final activity (Closing): Students guided by the teacher to make the conclusion: - The hess law state: The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the reaction. - To calculate enthalpy change using hess law state: H1 = H2 + H3 - To calculate enthalpy change using standard enthalpy change of reaction:
H (reaction) = Hf (products) Hf (reactants)

Students make conclusion

5 minutes

Teacher gives a posttest for the final evaluation. Teacher gives a homework The teacher closed the class by greeting Students do the posttest

10 minutes

VIII. Tools and Learning Sources 1. Stationery (marker, eraser) 2. Laptop, LCD 3. Chemistry textbooks class XI 4. Learning Material and Exercise Problems 5. An answer key of exercise problems 6. Syllabus IX. Assessment Indicator problem 1. Define the Hess 1. Hess law is based on the fact that enthalpy is a state function. law state. Write down the Hess law state! score

Hess law states, The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the each/individual steps in the reaction. 2. A+B H2 P+Q H1 C+D H3

R+S H4 According to the hess law, how to determine H4? H4 = H1 + H2 + H3 2. Calculate the 3. Find the H for the reaction below, enthalpy change PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) (H) of reaction given the following reactions and subsequent H values: using the Hess law. P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(g) H = -2439 kJ 4PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) H = 3438 kJ P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g) 4 PCl3(g) H = -2439 kJ 4 PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10 Cl2(g) H = 3438 kJ 4 PCl5(g) 4 PCl3(g) + 4 Cl2(g) H = 999 kJ :4 PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 4. Look at the following diagram: H1= -790 kJ 2S + 3O2 2SO3 H2 = -593 kJ H3= x kJ 2SO2 + O2 Determine the value of x. 2S + 3O2 2SO3 H1= -790 kJ 2SO2 + O2 2S + 3O2 H2= 593 kJ 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 H3= -197 kJ 3. Calculate the 5. Standard enthalpies of formation table enthalpy change Compound Hf (kJ/mol) Compound (H) of reaction CH4(g) -74.8 HCl(g) using standard CO2(g) -393.5 H2O(g) enthalpy change of NaCl(s) -411.0 SO2(g) formation, H2O(l) -285.8 NH4Cl(s) decomposition, and H2S(g) -20.1 NO(g) combustion data. H2SO4(l) -811.3 NO2(g) MgSO4(s) -1278.2 SnCl4(l) MnO(s) -384.9 SnO(s) MnO2(s) -519.7 SnO2(s) NaCl(s) -411.0 SO2(g) Hf (kJ/mol) -92.3 -241.8 -296.1 -315.4 +90.4 +33.9 -545.2 -286.2 -580.7 -296.1 H = 249,8 kJ

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NaF(s) -569.0 SO3(g) -395.2 NaOH(s) -426.7 ZnO(s) -348.0 NH3(g) -46.2 ZnS(s) -202.9 Use a standard enthalpies of formation table to determine the change in enthalpy for each of these reactions. a. NaOH(s) + HCl(g) NaCl(s) + H2O(g) b. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) c. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) d. 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g) Answers: a. NaOH(s) + HCl(g) NaCl(s) + H2O(g) Hf reaction = (Hf NaCl + Hf H2O) (Hf NaOH + Hf HCl) = (-411,0 + (-241,8)) (-426,7 + (-92,3)) = -652,8 (-519) = -133,8 kJ/mol b. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Hf reaction = (2. Hf NO2) (2. Hf NO + Hf O2) = (2. 33,9) (2. 90,4 + 0) = 67,8 180,8 = -113 kJ/mol c. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) Hc reaction = (Hf CO2 + 2. Hf H2O) (Hf CH4 + 2. Hf O2) = (-393,5 + 2. -285,8) (-74,8 + 0) = -965,1 + 74,8 = 890,3 kJ.mol d. 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g) Hf reaction = (2. Hf H2O + 2. Hf SO2) (2. Hf H2S + 3. Hf O2) = (2. -285,8 + 2. -296,1) (2. -20,1 + 0) = -1163,8 + 40,2 = -1123,6 kJ/mol 6. C + O2 CO2 Hf = -395,22 kJ 2H2 + O2 2H2O Hf = -573,72 kJ If the enthalpy change for the formation of C 2H4 is 27,30 kJ, determine the enthalpy of combustion of C2H4. C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g) Hc = ? Hc = (2. Hf CO2 + Hf 2H2O) (Hf C2H4 3. Hf O2) Hc = (2. -395,22 kJ + (-573,72 kJ)) (27,30 kJ 0) Hc = -1391,46 kJ Maximum score

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Bibliography BSNP (Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan). 2007. Model Silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Mata Pelajaran: Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. SMP/MTS. Propagated by Kegiatan Penyelenggaraan Sosialisasi/Diseminasi/Seminar/Workshop/Publikasi Direktorat Jenderal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Justiana, Sandri and Muchtarid. 2010. Chemistry 2. Jakarta: Yudhistira Known by, Headmaster (____________________) Palembang, Teacher Content, 2012

Pengantar: Guru memulai pelajaran dengan salam, memeriksa kehadiran dan kebersihan kelas, memberikan motivasi, berkomunikasi indikator dan waktu penjatahan. Apersepsi: Membuang beberapa pertanyaan tentang elektrolit dan solusi non elecrolyte konfirmation Guru membagi siswa dalam beberapa kelompok diskusi Guru memberikan keluar materi pembelajaran dilengkapi dengan beberapa masalah kepada siswa Para siswa mendiskusikan materi dengan kelompok mereka Membimbing siswa untuk berkomunikasi dan berkontribusi pendapat mereka dan menanyakan apakah mereka masih belum sepenuhnya dipahami elaborasi: Membimbing siswa dalam setiap kelompok untuk memecahkan masalah yang diberikan Mintalah setiap siswa untuk jujur dan teliti dalam menjawab masalah atau pertanyaan yang diberikan, dan bertanggung jawab atas jawabannya Melakukan evaluasi formatif dengan meminta siswa untuk mempresentasikan jawaban mereka dan yang lain menjadi pendengar yang baik dalam rangka untuk merespon ketika guru meminta konfirmasi:

Guru memberikan respon jawaban siswa, menjelaskan kembali atau memperbaiki jawaban Berikan umpan balik yang baik bagi siswa yang telah menyajikan jawaban mereka

STUDENT WORKSHEET HESS LAW


Group : Members : 1.

2.

I. II.

Competency standards Basic Competencies

: 2. Understand the energy change in chemical reaction and the calculation : 2.2 Determine the enthalpy change (H) reaction based on experiment, using Hess law, enthalpy change standard data, and bond energy data.

III. Indicators

4. Define the Hess law state. 5. Calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using the Hess law. 6. Calculate the enthalpy change (H) of reaction using standard enthalpy change of formation, decomposition, and combustion data.

Learning Learning Material Material

HESS LAW
A. Hess Law Hess law was stated by Germain Henry Hess in 1840. The law is based in the fact that enthalpy is a state function. This means that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction

depends only on the initial and final states of the reaction. Hess law states, The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the reaction.
H1 A+B H2 H3 C+D Hess law Diagram P+Q

From hess law diagram shown above , H with the same direction is written with positive sign, whereas H with different direction is written with negative sign. H1 - H2 - H3 = 0 or H1 = H2 + H3 Example Determine H of this reaction: C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) by using H data from the experiments for the following reactions: C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) Solution: We can solve the problem above by using the hess law, C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) H = - 393,5 kJ H = - 393,5 kJ CO2(g) CO(g) + O2(g) H = + 283,0 kJ H = - 393,5 kJ CO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) H = - 283,0 kJ

B. Calculate H using standard enthalpies change of reaction The standard enthalpy change of formation of a substance, denoted with H f . The reverse of formation reaction is decomposition. The standard enthalpy change of decomposition reaction of a substance denoted with Hd . And the standard enthalpy change of combustion reaction is denoted with Hc . The standard enthalpy change of reaction is given by the formula: Hr (reaction) = np Hf (products) nr Hf (reactants) Where np is the number of moles of each substances in product, while nr is the number of moles of each substance in reactant. Some Standard Enthalpies of Formation Table

Compound CH4(g) CO2(g) NaCl(s) H2O(l) H2S(g) H2SO4(l) MgSO4(s) MnO(s) MnO2(s) NaCl(s) NaF(s) NaOH(s) NH3(g)

Hf (kJ/mol) -74.8 -393.5 -411.0 -285.8 -20.1 -811.3 -1278.2 -384.9 -519.7 -411.0 -569.0 -426.7 -46.2

Compound HCl(g) H2O(g) SO2(g) NH4Cl(s) NO(g) NO2(g) SnCl4(l) SnO(s) SnO2(s) SO2(g) SO3(g) ZnO(s) ZnS(s)

Hf (kJ/mol) -92.3 -241.8 -296.1 -315.4 +90.4 +33.9 -545.2 -286.2 -580.7 -296.1 -395.2 -348.0 -202.9

Example

Data: Hc C2H5OH (g) is -728 kJ/mol Hf CO2 (g) is -394 kJ/mol Hf H2O (g) is -286 kJ/mol By using the data above, determine the enthalpy change for the formation of C 2H5OH (g) in kJ/mol.
Solution:

C2H5OH (g) + 3O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (g) Hc = -728 kJ/mol Hc = (2. Hf CO2 + 3. Hf H2O) (Hf C2H5OH 3. Hf O2) -728 kJ/mol = (2 . -394 kJ/mol + 3 . -286 kJ/mol) (Hf C2H5OH + 0) -728 kJ/mol = -1646 kJ/mol - Hf C2H5OH Hf C2H5OH = -1646 kJ/mol (-728 kJ/mol) Hf C2H5OH = -918 kJ/mol

EXERCISES EXERCISES
Solve the problems below.
1. Hess law is based on the fact that enthalpy is a state function. Write down the Hess law state! 2. A+B H2 H1 C+D H3

P+Q

R+S H4 According to the hess law, how to determine H4?

3. Find the H for the reaction below, PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) given the following reactions and subsequent H values: P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(g) H = -2439 kJ 4PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) H = 3438 kJ 4. Look at the following diagram: H1= -790 kJ 2S + 3O2 2SO3 H2 = -593 kJ H3= x kJ 2SO2 + O2 Determine the value of x. 5. Use the standard enthalpies of formation table to determine the change in enthalpy for each of these reactions. e. NaOH(s) + HCl(g) NaCl(s) + H2O(g) f. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) g. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) h. 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g) 6. C + O2 CO2 Hf = -395,22 kJ 2H2 + O2 2H2O Hf = -573,72 kJ If the enthalpy change for the formation of C2H4 is 27,30 kJ, determine the enthalpy of combustion of C2H4.

Answer Key
1. Hess law states, The overall enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the reaction. 2. H4 = H1 + H2 + H3 3. P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g) 4 PCl3(g) 4 PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10 Cl2(g) 4 PCl5(g) 4 PCl3(g) + 4 Cl2(g) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) 4. 2S + 3O2 H2 = -593 kJ H3= x kJ 2SO2 + O2 2S + 3O2 2SO3 2SO2 + O2 2S + 3O2 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 H1= -790 kJ H2= 593 kJ H3= -197 kJ H1= -790 kJ 2SO3 H = -2439 kJ H = 3438 kJ H = 999 kJ :4 H = 249,8 kJ

5. Answers: e. NaOH(s) + HCl(g) NaCl(s) + H2O(g) Hf reaction = (Hf NaCl + Hf H2O) (Hf NaOH + Hf HCl) = (-411,0 + (-241,8)) (-426,7 + (-92,3))

= -133,8 kJ/mol f. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Hf reaction = (2. Hf NO2) (2. Hf NO + Hf O2) = (2. 33,9) (2. 90,4 + 0) = -113 kJ/mol g. CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) Hc reaction= (Hf CO2 + 2. Hf H2O) (Hf CH4 + 2. Hf O2) = (-393,5 + 2. -285,8) (-74,8 + 0) = 890,3 kJ.mol h. 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g) Hf reaction = (2. Hf H2O + 2. Hf SO2) (2. Hf H2S + 3. Hf O2) = (2. -285,8 + 2. -296,1) (2. -20,1 + 0) = -1123,6 kJ/mol 6. C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g) Hc = ? Hc = (2. Hf CO2 + Hf 2H2O) (Hf C2H4 3. Hf O2) Hc = (2. -395,22 kJ + (-573,72 kJ)) (27,30 kJ 0) Hc = -1391,46 kJ

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